Rupwar Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa, Wutar Hazo Mai Matsi, da Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa¶

Lambobin gaggawa sun bambanta da ƙasa. Wannan shafin yana amfani da 911, lambar ga Amurka da Kanada. Yawancin ƙasashe suna amfani da 112, 999, ko wata lamba. Nemo lambar don ƙasar ku.

Tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na zamani akan masu tono, skid-steer loaders, taraktocin gona, masu rarraba log, motocin datti, jirgin sama, da injin masana'antar masana'antu suna aiki a matsanancin matsin lamba daga mashaya 140 zuwa 420 (2,000 zuwa 6,000 fam a kowace murabba'in inch / psi), yayin da kayan aikin ceto na hydraulic da 70 psi. - fiye da ** 60 zuwa sau 300 na matsa lamba a cikin tayan mota *** - da zagayawa ruwan zafi mai zafi ta hanyar juzu'i zuwa ** 60 zuwa 120 digiri Celsius (140 zuwa 250 Fahrenheit). Lokacin da robar hydraulic mai ƙarfi da aka yi masa waƙaƙƙen karfe ya shafa a gefen firam ɗin da ke girgiza ko ya lalace a ƙarƙashin abin da ya dace da shi, da wuya ya fashe gabaɗaya gabaɗaya; a maimakon haka, yana haɓaka abin da ba a iya gani ba ** ɗigon rami ** wanda bai fi girman allurar ɗinki ba. Daga cikin wannan fintinkau ya harba wani jirgin sama mai zafi wanda ba a iya gani, yana tafiya a 150 zuwa mita 300 a sakan daya (mil 335 zuwa 670 a sa'a daya).

Wannan ƙaramin jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto yana haifar da gaggawa guda uku masu barazana ga rayuwa waɗanda ke kama masu aiki da injiniyoyi gaba ɗaya ba tare da tsaro ba. Na farko, idan ma'aikacin ya isa cikin injin injin ko ya yi hannu tare da rigar tiyo don jin inda mai ke zubowa, jet ɗin pinhole ya yanke kai tsaye ta hanyar safofin hannu masu nauyi na fata da fatar ɗan adam a matsin lamba sama da mashaya 7 (100 psi) , allurar mai mai guba ko man ester hydraulic na roba mai zurfi a cikin kwandon jijiyar ruwa da matsewar ruwa. gaggawar tiyata na yaudara wanda ke jin kamar ciwon kudan zuma mara lahani na tsawon awanni 2 na farko kafin ya haifar da gangrene mara jurewa da yanke hannu a cikin sa'o'i 12. Na biyu, yoyon pinhole mai sanduna 200 ** yana sarrafa mai a cikin ruwa mai kyau, hazo mai iskar gas mai numfashi ** wanda ke fashewa kamar tururin mai a nan take ya tuntuɓar injin turbocharger mai zafi ko shaye-shaye iri-iri, yana haifar da wutar hurawa mai ciyar da kai. Na uku, ko da bayan ka kashe injin injin gaba daya, ** na'urar da ake cajin sinadarin nitrogen da ** masu tayar da kaya* sai a danne layukan hydraulic a bar 200, a jira a fesa tafasasshen mai ko kuma a jefa bokitin kilo 1,500 a kan duk wani makanikin da ya farfasa na'urar da ta dace da farko ba tare da zubar da jini ba. Rike na gida lambobin gaggawa shirye, da sake dubawa allurar wankin matsi da raunin harbin wutar lantarki, skid-steer Loader murkushe guga da tsallake-tsallake, kuma konewa da kona agajin gaggawa.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

KADA KA YI AMFANI DA HANNUNKA KO HANNU MAI SAFIYA don jin a kusa da bututun ruwa, toshe bawul, ko dacewa da wani abin da ake zargin ya zubo. Koyaushe riqe dogon katako na ** katako mai tsayi, ma'aunin katako, ko guntun plywood** ta karshen daya (kiyaye hannunka aƙalla 30 centimeters / 12 inci a ɓoye a hankali a baya tare da hose 200) (3,000-psi) jet na pinhole yana yanke layin rigar duhu a cikin kwali maimakon allurar mai a cikin yatsun ku.
*Idan jirgin ruwa mai matsa lamba yana kiwo ko huda yatsa, hannunka, ko fata - KO DA AKWAI JINI ZIRKI DA DAN KARAMAR DOMIN KAWAI - je zuwa Cibiyar Rauni na Mataki na 1 ko Asibitin Surgery Hand NAN TAKE. 5,000] psi kuma suna buƙatar likitan tiyata na gaggawa a cikin sa'o'i 6 don lalatawar tiyata." Kada a sake komawa gida don "jira ku gani idan ya kumbura," kuma ** kada ku yi amfani da jakar kankara ** a hannun allurar (kankara yana takura sauran jini kuma yana hanzarta mutuwa); gani raunin alluran matsi.
**Idan bututun ruwa ya fashe akan injin tona, tarakta, ko babbar mota ya fesa hazo mai fari/fari ko kuma ya kunna wuta a kan mashin din, to, a RUFE KEYON ONIN INJIN A CIKIN DAKIN 2 FARKO. kashe injin ɗin nan take yana kashe matsewar famfo kuma ya ruguje fitilar fesa da aka danna.
*Idan motar motarka ta cinye cikin wutan mai na ruwa kuma dole ne ka ba da belinka, ka ja abin wuyanka sama, ka riƙe numfashi yayin da kake wucewa ta cikin harshen wuta da hayaki, sannan ka yi amfani da busasshen sinadari na Class B/C na wuta kawai don share hanyar tserewa daga cikin waƙoƙin.
**KADA KA SAKE SAUKI HANYAR TS ARKI, mai saurin cire haɗin kai, ko filogin bawul akan wani kayan aiki har sai kun (a) saukar da duk buckets / albarku a ƙasa, (b) kashe injin, © hawan keke / levers tare da maɓalli a cikin ON-injin-KASHE don zubar da matsin lamba, kuma (d) ya zubar da ruwa zuwa matsi na nitrogen.
Idan ɗimbin ɗorawa mai ɗaukar nauyi, gado mai jujjuya, ko mast ɗin forklift ya busa tiyo kuma ya sanya abokin aiki a ƙasa, KAR ku taɓa levers ɗin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa sai dai idan kun san ko motsin lever zai sauke ƙarfin ƙarfe mai nauyi har ma da ƙara kan ƙirjin su. 112/999 don kawar da ceton wuta.

Danger

Kada ka taɓa ƙoƙarin dakatar da ɗigon ruwan ruwa mai fesa ta hanyar naɗe rigar kanti a kusa da shi da hannunka ko maƙaɗa tafin hannunka a kan ramin, kuma kada ka taɓa ɗauka cewa safar hannu na walda na fata ko safofin hannu masu juriya na Kevlar za su dakatar da jirgin ruwa. Rafi mai tsayi 200 (3,000-psi) yana buga kai tsaye ta cikin fata mai launin fata mai nauyi, safofin hannu na nitrile, da takalman roba a cikin millise seconds kamar dai takarda ce mai jika, tuƙi zaruruwan fata da ƙari mai guba mai guba kai tsaye zuwa cikin kasusuwa da sheaths na yatsun yatsun ku.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: fashewar bututun ruwa, gobarar hazo mai, ko nau'in allurar fata¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa na Ruwa, Fashewa, ko Gaggawa na Gyara"] --> EventType{"Menene gaggawar hydraulic ke faruwa a yanzu?"}
    EventType -->|"Jet Mai Haƙuri Mai Kiwo ko Fatar da Aka Huɗa / Hannun Hannu"| Injection["1. MAGANI A MATSAYIN GARGAJIYA MAI TSARKI MAI TSARKI (koda kuwa babu raɗaɗi); 2. KAR KA matse rauni, KAR KA jiƙa a cikin ruwan zafi, kuma KAR KA shafa kankara; 3. Cire zobba / agogo nan da nan kafin yatsu su kumbura sosai; 4. Kiyaye hannu a matakin zuciya da jigilar zuwa Likitan Hannu / Cibiyar Raɗaɗi don lalatawar tiyata a cikin sa'o'i 6 (kawo takardar SDS mai ruwa)"]
    EventType -->|"Rushewar Hose Mai Fasa Hazo Ko Wuta Akan Na'ura"| MistFire["1. Kashe maɓallin kunna injin injin nan da nan (yana dakatar da ciyar da feshi); 2. Kunna maɓallin kashe wuta na AFEX / Ansul idan an sanye shi; 3. Riƙe numfashi akan hazo mai kuma fita taksi sama sama ta hanyar lamba 3; 4. Kashe ragowar gobarar saman saman da busasshen sinadari na Class B ko kumfa"]
    EventType -->|"Wanda ake zargin Pinhole Leak akan Tsarin Matsi"| FindLeak["1. KADA KA shiga hannu da hannaye ko safofin hannu don jin rigar mai; 2. Sanya gilashin aminci na polycarbonate da garkuwar fuska; 3. Wuce 30+ cm (12+ in) na kwali ko itace tare da tiyo; 4. Rufe tsarin da zubar da jini gaba ɗaya kafin a taɓa maƙarƙashiya don dacewa"]
    EventType -->|"Sake Daidaitawa akan Injin Tare da Haɓaka Haɓaka ko Accumulator"| BleedDown["1. TSAYA: Kada a taɓa fashe na'ura mai dacewa da matsi don 'zubar da shi a zaren'; 2. Rage duk cylinders / haɗe-haɗe zuwa ƙasa ko kulle karfe aminci prop bar; 3. Buɗe bawul ɗin juji mai tarawa kuma tabbatar da 0 psi akan ma'auni kafin kunnawa"]

Gaggawa 1: Allurar ruwa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin hannu (Agogon yankewa na sa'o'i 6)¶

Me yasa ƙugiya mai tsawon millimita 1 mara zafi yana kaiwa ga yanke yatsa a cikin sa'o'i 12¶

Fatar mutum tana shiga ta wani magudanar ruwa mai tsananin gudu a matsatsin da bai kai ba 7 bar (100 psi). Saboda daidaitattun da'irori na ruwa na wayar hannu da na masana'antu suna gudana a 140 zuwa mashaya 350 (2,000 zuwa 5,000 psi), ɗigon ɗigon ruwa a cikin bututun ruwa yana aiki daidai kamar allurar jet na dabbobi marasa allura:

Mataki na 1 na yaudara "marasa zafi" (minti 0 zuwa 120):
Lokacin da ma'aikaci ya wuce hannunsu kusa da bututun ruwa ko mai dacewa kuma wani rafi na hydraulic microscopic ya buge shi, raunin shigarwa a kan yatsa ko dabino akai-akai yayi kama da ** ba komai bane face ɗigon duhu mai tsayi milimita 1, karce, ko smudge mai mai**, sau da yawa tare da ** zubar da sifili kuma kusan ba ya bayyana wani ciwo.
Saboda ramin shiga ya yi kama da maras muhimmanci, ma’aikacin yana goge hannunsu a kan tsumma kuma ya ci gaba da aiki, ko kuma ya je asibitin gaggawa inda wani ma’aikacin da ba shi da kwarewa ya sanya bandeji a kai ya aika da su gida tare da maganin rigakafi.
** Bin diddigin ƙwanƙwaran jijiyoyi zuwa ga hannun gaba:**
A cikin wannan ramin shigarwa na millimita 1, jet 250-bar (3,600-psi) ya fashe ** 5 zuwa 30 milliliters na mai mai zafi mai zafi ** kai tsaye ta cikin palmar aponeurosis zuwa cikin ** rufaffiyar gyale na flexor da ƙullun neurovascular *** na yatsa.
Saboda ƙullun gyale masu lanƙwasa suna da ƙarfi, ramukan fibrous marasa ƙarfi suna gudana daga yatsa zuwa cikin rami na carpal na wuyan hannu da gaban hannu, man da aka danna ** 15 zuwa 25 santimita (inci 6 zuwa 10) sama da hannu da cikin wuyan hannu** cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa guda.
Lalacewar nama-kanikanci sau uku (Sa'o'i 2 zuwa 12):
Makanin jijiyoyi tamponade (Compartment Syndrome): Yawan man da aka yi masa allura da saurin kumburin kumburi a cikin dakunan yatsa marasa juyi yana murƙushe jijiyoyin dijital, yana yanke kashi 100 na jini da iskar oxygen zuwa yatsa.
** Chemical necrosis: *** Mineral hydraulic mai (AW 32 / AW 46 / AW 68), zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) anti-wear Additives, kuma musamman ** phosphate-ester jirgin sama / masana'antu wuta-resistant na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ruwaye (kamar Skydrol) kitse da tendons akan lamba.
Konewar zafi: Ruwan ruwa mai aiki a ƙarƙashin kaya yana yawanci ** 70 zuwa 110 digiri Celsius (digiri 160 zuwa 230 Fahrenheit)**, yana dafa kyallen na ciki yayin da yake allura.
Yankewar Tiyatar Sa'o'i 6:
Nazarin aikin tiyata na likitanci na asibiti ya tabbatar da cewa idan an dauki raunin allurar ruwa zuwa dakin tiyata don ** fadi da kewayon budewar tiyata da kuma cire mai sosai a cikin sa'o'i 6 na hadarin ***, an rage yawan yankewa zuwa ** kasa da 15 zuwa 20 bisa dari **.
Idan an jinkirta binciken tiyatar da ta wuce awanni 10 zuwa 12** (yayin da majiyyaci ke jira a gida har sai yatsa ya juya yana bugu, dutsen-tauri, kodadde/purple, da blister), adadin yankewar yatsa da hannu ya haura zuwa kashi 50 zuwa 80**.

Taimakon farko na gaggawa da ka'idar kashe hannu ta asibiti don allurar hydraulic¶

Mataki	Madaidaicin Matakin da za a Yi Nan da nan	Mummunan Kuskure Don Gujewa
1. Cire Matsala	Cire duk zoben, makada na aure, agogon hannu, mundaye, da matsatstsun hannayen riga daga hannun da suka ji rauni a cikin daƙiƙa 60 na farko kafin fashewar ɓangarori ya kulle su a yatsa.	Jiran mintuna 30 har sai yatsa ya kumbura zuwa girmansa sau biyu yana mai da zoben karfe zuwa yawon shakatawa na arterial
2. Matsayi & Tufafi	Rufe ƴar ƙaramar shigarwar ɗin a hankali da busassun gauze pad sannan a huta hannun matakin zuciya (ba a rataye a gefe ba, kuma ba a ɗaga sama sama ba, wanda ke rage matsa lamba na arterial zuwa yatsan ischemic riga)	KADA KA YI amfani da fakitin kankara ko nutsewar ruwan sanyi zuwa raunin allurar ruwa (vasoconstriction daga sanyi yana hanzarta ischemic gangrene); kada a matse ko kokarin tsotse mai daga cikin rami
3. Ajiye Bayanin Ruwa *	Ɗauki hoton wayar hannu na lakabin guga ruwa na ruwa ko Takaddun Bayanai na Tsaro (SDS) kuma rubuta matsa lamba na tsarin (bar / psi) da kimanin * zazzabi zazzabi**	Likitoci suna buƙatar sanin ko ruwan ya kasance man ma'adinai na man fetur, ester na roba biodegradable, water-glycol, ko mai guba phosphate ester (Skydrol)
4. Kewaye Ƙananan Clinics	Drive or take an ambulance directly to a major Hospital Emergency Department with On-Call Orthopedic / Plastic Hand Surgery (never a small walk-in clinic). Yi amfani da ainihin kalmomin: "Rauni na allurar na'ura mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar ɓarna sashin tiyata na gaggawa cikin sa'o'i 6"	Kar a taɓa karɓar fitarwa gida tare da maganin rigakafi na baka kadai; kowane allurar hydraulic na gaske na gaske a cikin hannu yana buƙatar yin bincike nan take a cikin ɗakin aiki

Gaggawa 2: Hazo mai matsananciyar ruwa yana gobara da ƙonewa¶

Me yasa "high flash point" mai na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ya fashe kamar mai idan an fesa shi daga rami¶

Makanikai sau da yawa suna ɗaukan man hydraulic yana da wuyar ƙonewa saboda ruwa mai ruwa yana zaune a cikin kwanon buɗaɗɗen magudanar ruwa yana da babban maki (190 zuwa 230 digiri Celsius / 375 zuwa 450 digiri Fahrenheit) kuma zai kashe wasan wuta da aka jefa a cikin guga.

Wannan zato ya zama mai mutuwa yayin fashewar bututu mai ƙarfi: - Lokacin da man hydraulic a 200 mashaya (3,000 psi) ya fashe ta cikin rami ko tsagawar bututun ruwa, iska mai ƙarfi ta rushe rafin zuwa ** miliyoyin ƙananan ɗigo 10 zuwa 50 microns a diamita *** - mai yawa, fari / launin toka ** atomized man aerosol hazo. - Saboda hazo mai iska yana da ** sau dubunnan filaye da aka fallasa ga iskar oxygen** fiye da mai a cikin kasko, hazo na yin halin jiki kamar ** gajimare tururin iskar gas mai ƙonewa**. - Nan take cewa hazo mai ya hau kan tono, tarakta, ko motar daukar kaya ** da yawa, gidaje turbocharger (aiki a 450 zuwa 650 digiri Celsius / 850 zuwa 1,200 digiri Fahrenheit), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) mai aiki da digiri na farfadowa, 10 digiri Celsius, Fahrenheit), ko rotor birki mai haskakawa, hazo ** yana kunna fashewar atomatik ba tare da buƙatar tartsatsi ɗaya ba. - Matukar injin dizal yana jujjuya famfon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, bututun da ya fashe ya ci gaba da yin famfo ** 40 zuwa lita 200 a minti daya (galan 10 zuwa 50 a minti daya)** na man atomized a cikin wuta, ya haifar da ** 3-to-6-mita (10-to-20-foot) matsi da wutar lantarki a karkashin gilashin aluminium wanda ke narkar da wutar lantarki da dakika 3**0.

Yadda ake tsira da kashe wutar feshin ruwa¶

** KASHE INJIN FARKO (Dokoki na Biyu 2):**
Babu wata na'urar kashe gobara mai ɗaukar nauyi a duniya da za ta iya kashe wutar feshin mai mai lamba 200 a lokacin da famfon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ke harba man a cikin harshen wuta; da zarar ka daina fesa busasshen foda mai sinadari, jet ɗin mai da aka matsa ya bugi turbocharger mai zafi ya sake kunna wuta.
Aikin ku na farko dole ne ya kashe maɓallin kunnawa (ko cire injin gaggawar man fetur/kullin rufe iska) Nan take injin ɗin ya daina jujjuya, famfo na ruwa ya daina yin famfo, matsar layin ya faɗi zuwa sifili a cikin daƙiƙa 1, gajimaren hazo da aka lalatar ya ɓace, wutar hurawa mai ruri ta faɗo ƙasa kan ƙaramin wuta.
** Wuta Tsarin Kashe Wuta a kan Jirgin (idan an sanye shi) kuma ka kwashe iska mai iska:**
A kan na'urorin sarrafa gandun daji, manyan motocin haƙar ma'adinai, haɗaka, da masu lodin sharar gida sanye take da busassun sinadarai ko rigar sinadarai Tsarin kashe gobara ta atomatik (kamar Ansul ko AFEX), danna maɓallin kunna taksi na jan taksi yayin da kake fitowa.
Rike numfashi yayin hawa waje don kar ku sha hayaki mai guba mai guba ko iskar mai da ba a ƙone ba, yi amfani da ** maki uku na lamba ** lokacin da kuke saukowa matakan taksi (ko amfani da fitowar tagar motar gaggawa ta sakandare idan harshen wuta ya toshe babban kofa), sannan ya motsa sama.
** Kashe ragowar gobarar mai tare da Class B/C Dry Chemical ko Foam extinguisher - KADA KA YI KARFIN ruwa mai ƙarfi:**
Da zarar injin ya kashe, a share *Class B/C ko A-B-C busasshen sinadari na kashewa a saman gindin man da ke ƙonewa akan manifold.
**Kada a taɓa fesa wani ƙaƙƙarfan rafin ruwa akan mai mai zafi mai zafi **, wanda ke watsar da ɗigon mai a gefen injin; gani gobarar kicin da gobarar mai.
Idan ruwa mai ruwa ya fesa a idonki ko kan fatarki ba tare da ya kama wuta ba:
Zafin zafi mai zafi mai zafi (70 zuwa 120 digiri Celsius): Nan da nan a cire kayan da aka jika da mai (wanda ke riƙe da zafi a fata kamar mai dafa abinci mai zafi) sannan a watsar da fatar da ta kone da ruwan gudu mai sanyi na minti 20 **; gani konewa da kona agajin gaggawa.
** Jirgin sama na Phosphate-ester / ruwa mai ruwa na masana'antu (Skydrol) a cikin idanu:** Yana haifar da ƙonewar ido nan da nan; zubar da idanun budewa da ruwa mai tsabta ko gishiri don ** 15 zuwa 30 mintuna ** (wasu tashoshin kula da jiragen sama suna da bakararre polyethylene glycol / isotonic eyewash musamman don phosphate-ester splashes); gani raunin ido.

Gaggawa 3: Ajiye makamashi a cikin masu tara ruwa da tashe silinda bayan kashe injin¶

Kashe injin dizal ko cire injin ɗin lantarki akan na'ura mai aiki da ruwa ** BA yana nufin ɗigon ruwa ba yana cikin matsin lamba ba.** Manyan tafki guda biyu na makamashi mai kisa sun kasance cikin tarko a cikin layukan na'urar na'ura na tsawon sa'o'i, kwanaki, ko makonni bayan injin ya mutu:

Ajiye Madogarar Makamashin Ruwa na Hydraulic	Yadda Yayi Tarko 200+ Bar (3,000+ PSI) Lokacin da Injin Ya Kashe	Me Yake Faruwa Idan Kun Sake Gyaran Ruwan Ruwa Ba Tare da Jini ba	Tilastaccen Tsarin Zubar da Jini Lafiya
1. Na'urar Haɗaɗɗen Na'urar Na'urar Na'urar Na'ura (Tasoshin matsi na ƙarfe ko silinda waɗanda aka ɗora akan da'irorin birki na ruwa, mashin sarrafa matukin jirgi, tsarin dakatarwar hawan hawan hawa, da matsi na masana'antu)	A ciki harsashi mai tara ƙarfe yana zaune da mafitsara na roba ko piston wanda aka riga aka caje shi da busasshen iskar nitrogen a mashaya 50 zuwa 200 (750 zuwa 3,000 psi). Yayin da injin ke gudana, famfon na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ya matsa ruwan nitrogen tare da mai sannan ya makale shi a bayan bawul ɗin duba don haka injin ɗin zai ci gaba da samun matsin lamba na matukin jirgi / birki idan injin ya tsaya.	Nan take wani makanikin da ba a sani ba ya sanya magudanar bututun da ya dace da magudanar ruwa, iskar iskar iskar nitrogen ta fashe ** lita daya na man hydraulic daga cikin zaren da ya fashe a mashaya 200, yana allurar hannun makanikin ko yin hawan keken ruwa ba zato ba tsammani.	1. Kashe injin / famfo 2. Kunna maɓallin kunnawa zuwa ** ON (Engine OFF)* don haka ana samun kuzarin matukin jirgi na solenoids, da zagayowar duk abubuwan farin ciki na hydraulic da takalmin birki sau 20 zuwa 40 har sai duk motsin da hayaniya ta tsaya. 3. A kan sassan masana'antu, sannu a hankali buɗe littafin Accumulator Bleed / Dump Valve (riƙe mai zuwa tafki) kuma tabbatar da ma'aunin matsin lamba yana karanta 0 bar / 0 psi 4. KADA KA KARYA SAKE SAUKI DA BAUFUWAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR GASKIYAR TSARO tare da kayan aikin yau da kullum
2. Nauyin Nauyi akan Taskar Silinda & Ma'auni na Matukin Jirgin Sama (Bokatoci masu ɗaukar nauyi, ƙwanƙolin tono, gadaje juji, matsuguni, da fuka-fukan noma)	Guga mai ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyin kilo 1,500 ko gadon juji yana tura ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyi akan pistons na hydraulic, tarko 150 zuwa mashaya 250 (2,200 zuwa 3,600 psi) na matsa lamba mai tsayi a cikin ƙarshen tushe na silinda da hoses, an rufe su ta hanyar ma'aunin sarrafa bawul ko spools spools.	Nan take wani makaniki ya kwance bututun da ya dace a gindin silinda don maye gurbin bututun da ke zubewa, bala'i biyu sun faru a cikin dakika 0.1**: na farko, jirgin mai mai lamba 200 ya fashe a fuskar makanikin; na biyu, tare da sakin ginshiƙin mai, bum ɗin ƙarfe mai nauyin kilo 1,500 ko gadajen juji ya faɗo kai tsaye kan kan makanikin da gangar jikin.	1. Rage duk buckets, booms, ruwan wukake, da mats gaba daya sun kwanta a kasa kafin a taba kowane mashin ruwa. 2. Idan abin da aka makala dole ne * ya kasance daga sama don samun damar silinda a ƙasan shi, shigar da fentin mai sana'anta ƙarfe mai ƙarfi Silinda Safety Lock Bar / Mechanical Prop Strut (kuma baya shi tare da rated jack stands ko hardwood cribbing) don haka 100% na nauyin nauyi yana kan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi kafin ya kawar da matsa lamba mai; gani skid-steer loader guga murkushe

Warning

Kada a taɓa yin ƙoƙarin zubar da jini da ke tarko da matsa lamba na ruwa ta hanyar "fasa ƙwaya mai jujjuya rabin juyi tare da maƙarƙashiya da barin mai ya yi waje a cikin zaren." A matsayin zaren guda biyu na ƙarshe na babban matsi mai ƙarfi JIC ko ORFS mai dacewa a ƙarƙashin mashaya 200 na matsi na tarko, ko dai fesa mai fesa a kusa da goro zai yi allurar ta safar hannu ko kuma ƙarshen tiyon karfe zai kashe zaren kamar harsashin bindiga da bulala a fuskarka. Koyaushe sauke matsa lamba na hydraulic a ciki baya zuwa tanki ta amfani da bawul ɗin sarrafa tsarin ko ƙayyadadden bawul ɗin zubar jini na tashar jirgin ruwa.

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa dubawa da kuma tabbatarwa lissafin¶

Hana fashewar bututu, raunin allura, da gobarar injin-bay ta hanyar duba waɗannan maki biyar kafin yin aiki da kayan aiki masu nauyi:

** Nan da nan maye gurbin duk wani bututun ruwa inda aka shafa murfin roba na waje ta hanyar fallasa ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe: ** A ƙarƙashin ka'idodin masana'antu (SAE J1273 / ISO 17165), jaket ɗin roba na waje shine kawai yanayin kariya / abrasion; da zarar ** lanƙwasa mai tsayi mai tsayi ko ƙaƙƙarfan waya da ke ƙarƙashin robar ana iya gani, ta yi tsatsa, ko ƙunci, ko "mai-cike da tsuntsu,"** ko kuma idan mai laushi mai laushi ya kumfa a ƙarƙashin fatar roba na waje, tiyon yana gab da fashe kuma dole ne a cire shi daga aiki nan da nan.
** Shigar da rigar nailan da aka saka ("kayan wuta / abrasion guard") akan duk hoses kusa da mai aiki ko shayarwa mai zafi:** Duk wani bututun ruwa da ke gudana a cikin taksi mai aiki, tsakanin ** 1 mita (ƙafa 3.3) na jikin ma'aikacin ** (kamar a kan mai tafiya-bayan log ɗin, mai ratsawa, mai ɗaukar kaya, mai ɗaukar hoto) dole ne ya zama mai ɗaukar kaya a kusa da mai raba katako, mai ɗaukar kaya, ko na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto. ** MSHA/ISO-an yarda da nauyi mai nauyi na ballistic nailan fashe sleeving ** manne a ƙarshen biyun, wanda ke jujjuyawa kuma yana rage jinkirin jirgin sama idan tudun ya gaza.
Kada ku taɓa haɗa tiyo da samfuran dacewa, kuma kada ku sake amfani da kayan aiki masu tsauri akan manyan layukan matsi: Kada ku taɓa matse tiyon mai mai ƙarancin ƙarfi akan layin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, kuma kada ku taɓa tagulla, weld, ko epoxy mai fashe babban bututun ƙarfe na hydraulic ko dacewa.
Tabbatar kowane mai tara ruwa yana da katin gargadi na dindindin ("GARGADI: GASKIYA MAI TSAFIYA - JINI KAFIN HADAWA"): Tabbatar cewa bushes kawai **Nitrogen ($ N_2$) gas ** ana amfani dashi kafin yin cajin mai tara ruwa na ruwa (** BAA cika matsewar iska ba ($ Oak ɗin Oak_2) iska ***, wanda ke haifar da fashewar tasirin diesel nan da nan akan hulɗa da mai na hydraulic a cikin mafitsara).
** Ajiye 30-centimeter (12-inch) "Leak-Check Cardboard Strip" da gilashin aminci a cikin akwatin kayan aiki na taksi:** Samun keɓaɓɓen kwali mai ƙwanƙwasa kusa da wutsiyar ku yana kawar da jarabar shiga da yatsan hannu lokacin farautar kukan hydraulic dacewa a filin.

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Idan ma'aikaci ya sami raunin allurar ruwa mai matsa lamba mai ƙarfi, zafi mai zafi mai zafi, ko rauni a ƙarƙashin silinda mai ƙarfi:

Amurka da Kanada: Kira 911 nan take kuma a nemi jigilar kaya zuwa Level 1 Center Trauma or Regional Surgery Center (don alluran ruwa) ko ** Ma'aikatar Wuta Mai Girma Ceto** (don murkushe Silinda). An tsara amincin aikin hydraulic na wurin aiki ta hanyar ** OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 ** (Samar da Makamashi Mai Hatsari / Kulle-Tagout - yana buƙatar cikakken zubar da jini na adana kayan aikin ruwa da ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi), ** 29 CFR 1926.600 (a) (a) (3) scaperaquip. kwano, da buckets na loda da za a sauke su gaba ɗaya ko toshewa kafin a gyara), MSHA (Dokokin Kare Wutar Lantarki na Ma'adinai da Lafiya), da SAE J1273.
** United Kingdom:** Kira 999 ko 112. Gudanarwa ta ** Health and Safety Executive (HSE)** karkashin * Samar da Amfani da Dokokin Kayan Aiki 1998 (PUWER), ** Dokokin Tsaron Tsarin Matsala 2000 (PSSR)* (masu tara iskar gas da aka ɗora da iskar gas), da kuma ** BFP Fluid Power Association (yana ba da shawarar wajabta BFPA "Katin Jijjiga Rauni Mai Ruwa" wanda aka kai ga asibitocin A&E).
** Tarayyar Turai:** Kira 112. TS EN ISO 4413 Ikon ruwa na ruwa - Gabaɗaya dokoki da buƙatun aminci don tsarin da abubuwan haɗinsu) da umarnin injin 2006/42 / EC ***.
** Ostiraliya da New Zealand:** Kira 000 a Ostiraliya ko 111 a New Zealand. Gudanarwa ta Aiki Amintaccen Ostiraliya (* Sarrafar da Haɗarin Shuka a Wurin Aiki - Matsanancin Ruwa da Ruwan Ruwa da Haɗaɗɗun Injection ) da ** MDG 41* (Jagora don Tsaron Tsarin Wutar Ruwa a Ma'adinai).
Indiya da Asiya-Pacific: Kira 112 a Indiya, 119 a Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, ko 995 a Singapore.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me yasa ɗigon ɗigon ɗigon ruwa a cikin bututun ruwa ya fi haɗari ga hannuna fiye da tudun da ke busa gaba ɗaya cikin rabi?¶

Lokacin da bututun ruwa ya busa gaba ɗaya cikin rabi, babban buɗaɗɗen buɗewar yana haifar da matsa lamba a lokacin hutu ya ragu da sauri, yana fesa ruwan mai mai faɗi da bayyane wanda ke yayyafawa mara lahani daga takalma ko tufafi (sai dai idan yana tafasa). Sabanin haka, lokacin da bututun ya haifar da ɗigon ɗigon ɗigon microscopic yayin da yake riƙe da 200 zuwa 350 mashaya (3,000 zuwa 5,000 psi) na matsa lamba, wannan fil ɗin yana aiki kamar madaidaicin abin yankan ruwa: yana mai da hankali ga duk wannan matsa lamba a cikin allura-bakin ciki, kusan rafi marar ganuwa yana motsawa sama da mita 200 (mitoci na biyu). Idan ka gudu hannunka tare da bututun don jin inda mai ke digowa, jet ɗin da ba a iya gani ya yanke kai tsaye ta cikin safofin hannu na fata da fata a cikin millise seconds, yana allurar mai mai guba mai guba a cikin tendons ɗin yatsa.

Me yasa likitoci zasu yanke yatsa bayan allurar ruwa ko da da kyar ya yi zafi a farko?¶

A cikin sa'o'i 1 zuwa 2 na farko bayan an allurar da man hydraulic ta wani ɗan ƙaramin pinprick a cikin yatsa, raunin yakan ji kamar ba komai bane illa ɗan kudan zuma mai laushi kuma baya zubar jini. Duk da haka, a cikin yatsan hannu, milliliters da yawa na mai mai guba mai guba sun fashe a cikin ƙuƙumi, kumbun jijiyoyi marasa ƙarfi da ramukan jijiya. A cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa 6, matsanancin kumburin sinadarai da ƙarar jiki na man da ke cikin tarko yana kumbura cikin yatsa sosai ta yadda za a murƙushe tasoshin jini (cututtukan ɗaki), yayin da sinadarai na man fetur ko ester ke narkar da mai mai rai da jijiyoyi. Magungunan rigakafi ba za su iya narkar da mai ba, kuma ba za ku iya matse man baya ta cikin rami mai tsawon millimeter 1 ba. Hanya daya tilo da za a ceci yatsa daga gangrene da yankewa shi ne likitan kashin hannu ya bude yatsan yatsa a cikin dakin tiyata a cikin sa'o'i 6, ya rage matsi, sannan ya wanke man da ya kama.

Me ya sa ba za ku taɓa sanya fakitin kankara akan yatsa ko hannun da jirgin sama mai ƙarfi ya buge shi ba?¶

Sanya kankara ko ruwan sanyi akan raunin allurar ruwa mai matsa lamba shine babban kuskure wanda ke ƙara haɗarin rasa yatsa. Babban dalilin da yasa alluran yatsu ke mutuwa shine man da aka matse a cikin matsugunan yatsa yana murƙushe ƙananan arteries, yana fama da yunwar kyallen jikin yatsan jini da oxygen (ischemia). Yin amfani da fakitin kankara yana haifar da ragowar tasoshin jini a cikin yatsa don takurawa (vasoconstriction), yanke magudanar jini na ƙarshe da haɓaka mutuwar nama. Kiyaye hannun a buɗe ko sanye da sauƙi a matakin zuciya kuma kai tsaye zuwa asibitin rauni.

Ta yaya man hydraulic zai iya kama wuta da fashewa a kan injin yayin da mai na ruwa yana da babban filasha?¶

Liquid hydraulic oil yana zaune a cikin kududdufi yana da babban ma'aunin walƙiya (kimanin digiri 200 Celsius / Fahrenheit 400) kuma yana da wahala a haskaka da wasa. Duk da haka, lokacin da 200-bar (3,000-psi) mai na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ya fesa ta cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin rami ko tsaga, matsananciyar matsananciyar ta atomize man zuwa tarar, hazo-kamar hazo na ƙananan ɗigon ruwa gauraye sosai da iska. Wannan hazo mai iskar gas yana ƙonewa kamar tururin man fetur nan take ya taɓa wani nau'in shaye-shaye mai zafi, turbocharger, ko Diesel Particulate Filter (wanda ke gudana akai-akai a 450 zuwa 650 digiri Celsius / 850 zuwa 1,200 Fahrenheit). Kashe wutan injin a cikin daƙiƙa 2 na farko yana da mahimmanci saboda yana dakatar da famfo na ruwa daga ciyar da wutar fesa.

Me yasa har yanzu bututun ruwa zai iya fesa man fetur 3,000 a fuskata ko da bayan na kashe injin tarakta ko na tona gaba daya?¶

Kashe injin kawai yana dakatar da famfo na hydraulic; baya sakin matsa lamba wanda ya riga ya makale a cikin layin ta hanyar tushe guda biyu: ** nauyin nauyi ** da ** masu tara ruwa **. Na farko, idan an ɗaga guga mai ɗaukar kaya, bututun tona, ko gadon juji ko da ƴan santimita kaɗan daga ƙasa, nauyi mai nauyi na waccan ƙarfin ƙarfe yana tura pistons na hydraulic cylinders, yana sanya man da ke cikin hoses ɗin ya matsa a dubban psi har sai an saukar da bum ɗin a ƙasa. Na biyu, da yawa inji suna da nitrogen-cajin ** na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa accumulators ** (matsakaicin kwalabe na karfe wanda ke adana man hydraulic a ƙarƙashin matsewar iskar gas ta nitrogen don kunna birki ko sarrafa matukin farin ciki lokacin da injin ya kashe). Dole ne ku runtse duk abubuwan da aka makala zuwa ƙasa, ku sake zagayowar levers, sannan ku zubar da duk masu tarawa zuwa sifili kafin sassauta kowane dacewa.

Me zai faru idan wani ya cika na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da matse iskar oxygen maimakon nitrogen?¶

Cika bawul ɗin iskar gas na hydraulic tare da matse iskar oxygen (ko ma iska mai ɗaukar nauyi) maimakon tsaftataccen busasshiyar nitrogen ($ N_2$) yana haifar da fashewa mai saurin gaske. A cikin na'urar tara ruwa mai ƙarfi, iskar gas mai ƙarfi tana zaune daidai da mafitsara na roba ko hatimin piston daga man hydraulic petroleum. Idan iskar oxygen mai tsananin ƙarfi ya zubo ta hatimin piston da aka sawa ko kuma ya tuntuɓi wani fim ɗin ƙaramin mai na ruwa a cikin mai tarawa a ƙarƙashin mashaya 150 (2,200 psi) na matsawa, yana haifar da fashewar dizal ɗin adiabatic nan take wanda ke wargaza harsashi mai kauri na ƙarfe kamar bam. Kada a taɓa haɗa wani abu sai ingantacciyar silinda mai busasshiyar nitrogen tare da ingantaccen mai sarrafa nitrogen zuwa bawul ɗin caji mai tarawa.

*Wannan jagorar tana ba da agajin gaggawa na gaggawa, bambance-bambancen tiyata, da umarnin zubar da jini na inji don tsarin hydraulic mai matsa lamba kuma baya maye gurbin littattafan sabis na masana'anta ko ingantaccen horon aminci na ruwa. Yi la'akari da ɗaukar taimakon farko na aikin hannu da kuma kwas na CPR daga Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ko ƙungiyar horar da likita ta gaggawa.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

Tushen da jagorar hukuma¶

Babban Jami'in Lafiya da Tsaro (HSE) da Ƙungiyar Wutar Ruwa ta Biritaniya (BFPA, United Kingdom): Gudanar da Rauni na Gaggawa na Ruwa, Jagoran Faɗakarwar Likita, da Dokokin Tsaro na Tsarin Matsi 2000 (PSSR)
Gudanar da Tsaro da Kiwon Lafiyar Ma'aikata (OSHA) da Tsaro na Mine da Gudanar da Lafiya (MSHA, Amurka): Sarrafa Makamashi Mai Haɗari / Kulle-Tagout na Masu Tarar Ruwa (29 CFR 1910.147), Kashe Kayan Kayan Aiki (29 CFR 1926.600), da Rigakafin Wuta na Hydraulic Flu.
Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Motoci (SAE International) da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Daidaitawa (ISO): SAE J1273 Shawarar Ayyuka don Tattaunawar Ruwan Ruwa da ISO 4413 Ruwan Ruwa na Ruwa na Ruwa na Gabaɗaya da Bukatun Tsaro
Ƙungiyar Amirka don Tiyatar Hannu (ASSH, Ƙasar Amirka): Gudanar da Asibiti da Tagawar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Hannun
Safe Work Australia and NSW Resources Regulator: Guideline for Fluid Power System Safety (MDG 41 - Pinhole Leaks, Hose Whip Restraints, and Accumulator Isolation)