Tanti da Tsaron Dumama Tarp: Hana Gobarar Tanti da Ciwon Carbon Monoxide¶

Kowace hunturu, ɗaruruwan mazaunan da ba su da matsuguni, masu sansani na hunturu, masu kankara, da masu gida a waje suna fama da rashin lafiya carbon monoxide (CO) asphyxiation ko bala'i ** gobarar tanti mai walƙiya *** yayin ƙoƙarin zama dumi cikin dare. Tantunan dome na zamani, tarps na polyethylene, da jakunkuna na bacci na roba ana kera su ne daga robobi masu nauyi da aka samu man fetur (nailan, polyester, da polypropylene) waɗanda aka yi musu magani da mayafi mai hana ruwa. Lokacin bude harshen wuta, fitilar kyandir mai haske, ko gasa mai walƙiya mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukuwa ta taɓa bangon tanti na nylon ko akwatin jakar barci, masana'anta ba kawai ta hura wuta ba: tana shiga cikin dripping, filastik mai walƙiya kuma ta mamaye duk mafaka a cikin ** ƙasa da daƙiƙa 15 zuwa 25 da ke cunkoson zipper.

Ko da ba a samu gobara ba, kona duk wani man da ke da iskar carbon a cikin ƙaramin matsuguni da ke kewaye da sauri yana cinye iskar oxygen mai numfashi (hypoxia) kuma yana haifar da mara launi, mara wari, mara ɗanɗano ** iskar carbon monoxide ***. Saboda carbon monoxide yana ɗaure ga ƙwayoyin jajayen jinin ɗan adam sama da sau 200 fiye da iskar oxygen, masu bacci a cikin tanti mara iska ko buhun bivy ba su farka da zarar adadin CO ya tashi; kawai suna zamewa daga barci zuwa suma da kama zuciya. Wannan jagorar tana ba da ka'idodin aikin injiniya don ceton rai don rayuwa mai zafi ba ta harshen wuta ba, ƙa'idodin rage cutarwa don masu dumama dumama (kamar Mr. Heater Buddy raka'a), injiniyoyin buhun buhu, da taimakon gaggawa na gaggawa don ƙone tanti da gubar CO.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. *Fitar kowa da kowa cikin iskan waje nan da nan idan duk wanda ke cikin tanti, kwalta, ko abin hawa ya ji tashin hankali, tashin zuciya, ruɗe, ko ciwon kai mai zafi. Jawo ko taimaki mutanen da ba su sani ba daga wurin matsugunin nan da nan, kashe bawul ɗin man idan ba shi da lafiya don yin haka a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya, kuma a kira lambar gaggawa ta gida.911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Burtaniya) ko tuntuɓar mu lambobin gaggawa directory.
2. *Kada ku taɓa kona briquettes na gawayi, itace, goge gwangwani na barasa, man sterno chafing, kananzir, ko murhun dafa abinci na sansanin a cikin kowane tanti ko matsuguni. Suna taka tsantsan don dafa abinci a waje a cikin iska.
3. Ajiye wuka mai kaifi ko raunin rauni a rataye a cikin madaidaiciyar aljihun raga kusa da kofar tanti don yanke hanyar fita a cikin wuta. A ƙarƙashin yanayin wuta, zippers na tantin nailan suna jujjuya kuma suna narke cikin daƙiƙa guda. Idan injin dumama ko murhu ya taso a cikin tanti, ** kar a ɓata daƙiƙa 5 tana fumbling tare da zik ɗin mai zafi ***: yanke wani tsayin mita 1 (ƙafa 3) a tsaye ta gefen bangon masana'antar tanti kuma mirgine ƙasa nan da nan.
4. Kada ku taɓa yin barci tare da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto yana gudana dare ɗaya. Ko da "na cikin gida-lafiya" masu zafi na propane sanye take da Sensor Depletion Sensor (ODS) na iya kunna jakar barci da aka harba a kan gasa da karfe 03:00 ko samar da carbon monoxide mai mutuwa idan sanyi, ƙura, ko bututun bayan kasuwa ya gurɓata yumbu mai ƙonewa. Guda injin motsa jiki kawai yayin da kuke ** faɗi faɗin 100 bisa ɗari ** don dumama tanti kafin kwanciya, sannan kunna bawul ɗin silinda ** KASHE *** kafin rufe idanunku.
5. ** Ƙaddamar da dokokin "Two-Vent Cross-Flow" da "60-Centimeter (24-Inch) Clearance" a duk lokacin da aka kunna wutar lantarki ta catalytic. katako ko katako na kankare, kuma a ajiye duk jakar barci, tufafi, da bangon tanti akalla ** 60 centimeters (inci 24)** daga gaban injin dumama.
6. Kada ku taɓa rufe buhun bivy mai hana ruwa ko taffun filastik gaba ɗaya rufe kanku da bakinku. Numfashi a cikin buhun buhun da aka rufe da ruwa mai hana ruwa ko kuma an nannade shi da tarkon polyethylene tam numfashi carbon dioxide (CO2) da danshi, yana haifar da CO2 narcosis (hypercapnia), firgita, da rigar-jakar hypothermia. Koyaushe barin buɗaɗɗen numfashi mai tsawon santimita 5 zuwa 10 (2- zuwa 4-inch) wanda ke buɗe ta hanyar waya mai kauri ko birgima.

flowchart TD
    A["Dumama tanti, Matsugunin Tarp, ko Bivy a cikin Daskarewa Yanayi"] --> B{"Wane Dabarar Dumama Kuke Amfani da shi?"}
    B -->|"Mass Thermal Mara-Flame (Mafi Aminci Dare)"| C["10 cm (4 in) Rufin ƙasa + kwalabe masu zafi a Jijiyoyin Mata + Mylar Sandwich"]
    B -->|"Catalytic Propane Heater (misali, Buddy Heater)"| D{"Kuna Faɗakarwa Tare da Ƙararrawar Baturi CO?"}
    B -->|"Gawayi, Tushen Sanda, Sterno, ko Buɗe Harshe"| E["TSAYA NAN TAKE: M CO da Flash Hatsarin Wuta A Cikin kowace Tanti"]
    D -->|"A'a: Yin Barci ko Babu Iska"| F["Kashe Bawul ɗin Tanki Gabaɗaya Kafin Rufe Ido"]
    D -->|"Ee: Wayarka tare da Buɗaɗɗen Rana + Maɗaukakin Maɗaukaki"| G["Kiyaye 60 cm (inci 24) Tsabtace daga Duk Kayan Kwanciya da Ganuwar"]
    G --> H{"Shin CO Ƙararrawa yana Sauti ko Kowa Yana Jin Ciwon Kai / Tashin Jiki / Dizziness?"}
    H -->|"Ee"| I["Komawa zuwa Fresh Air Nan da nan kuma Kira 911/112/999 don Oxygen"]
    H -->|"A'a"| J["Kashe injin dumama kafin barci kuma ka dogara da Makarantun Kwanciya"]

Kwatankwacin haɗari na kashe-grid da hanyoyin dumama tantin titi¶

Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da daskarewa, mutanen da ke zaune a sansani ko makale a waje suna inganta zafi daga kowane mai da ake samu. Fahimtar sinadarai na konewa da kimiyyar lissafi na wuta na kowane tushen zafi yana bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu man fetur ke kashewa cikin mintuna 20 yayin da wasu kuma ana iya sarrafa su tare da tsauraran matakan injiniya.

Dokokin rage cutarwa don ɗorawa mai ɗaukar hoto propane heaters ("Buddy Heaters")¶

Matsakaicin radiant catalytic propane heaters, yawanci ** Mr. Heater Portable Buddy (4,000 zuwa 9,000 BTU)** da Little Buddy (3,800 BTU) yana gudana akan gram 450 (1-laba) koren silinda mai yuwuwa ko 9-kilogram (laba 20) manyan tankuna masu cikawa, su ne mafi yawan wuraren da ake amfani da su a cikin tankuna, wuraren shakatawa da kankara.

Yayin da aka kera waɗannan injinan dumama da na'urorin aminci guda biyu da aka gina a ciki, da ** low-oxygen pilot shutoff (Oxygen Depletion Sensor / ODS)** da kuma ** na cikin gida mai jujjuya wuta **, har yanzu suna haifar da gobarar tantuna da mutuwar asphyxiation duk lokacin hunturu lokacin da aka yi amfani da su ba daidai ba. Idan kun dogara da na'urar dumama propane don tsira da sanyin yanayi, bi waɗannan tsauraran ƙa'idodin injiniya guda takwas.

1. Fahimtar bambanci tsakanin "Low Oxygen (ODS)" da "Carbon Monoxide (CO)"¶

Na'urar dumama zafi ** Oxygen Depletion Sensor (ODS)** shine ** BA mai gano carbon monoxide ba**.

• Yadda ODS ke aiki: Ƙaramin harshen wuta a ƙasan tayal yumbura an daidaita shi ta yadda idan iskar oxygen na yanayi a cikin tanti ya ragu daga al'ada ** 20.9 kashi ƙasa zuwa kusan kashi 18.0 cikin 100 **, harshen wuta yana ɗaga tip ɗin thermocouple, sanyaya firikwensin kuma ya rufe bawul ɗin gas.
• Matsalar makafi mai mutuwa: Idan guguwar iska ta buso ta tanti a kan yumbu, idan ƙura ko gashin dabbobi ya rufe plaque ɗin yumbu, ko kuma ragowar mai daga bututun roba wanda ba a yarda da shi ba ya lalata bangon, injin yana shan wuta ** bai cika konewa ba** kuma ya fara yin famfo ** carbon monoxide* 2 har yanzu. bisa dari**. Saboda iskar oxygen bai ragu zuwa kashi 18 ba, matukin jirgi na ODS yana haskakawa yayin da CO ke guba.
• ** Tsaro na wajibi:** Kada a taɓa yin amfani da injin injin propane a cikin tanti ko abin hawa ba tare da ƙararrawar gidan dijital mai sarrafa batir ba** (wanda ke ba da ƙarfin batir AA ko baturin lithium mai shekaru 10 da aka rufe, yana kashe dala 15 zuwa 20 a kowane kantin kayan masarufi ko rarraba ta ƙungiyoyin kai-tsaye na titi) sun rataye a cikin tanti.

2. Ƙaddamar da "Ƙananan Ciwon Ciki + High Exhaust" ka'idar giciye¶

Konewar propane na catalytic yana cinye iskar oxygen kuma yana fitar da carbon dioxide da yawa da yawa ** tururin ruwa ** (ƙone kawai 450-gram / 1-laba kore propane silinda ya sake kusan ** 500 milliliters / kofuna 2 na ruwa mai ruwa ** cikin iska ta tanti).

• Bude filaye daban-daban guda biyu: Koyaushe kiyaye ** kusurwar zik ​​ɗin ƙofar tantin ku buɗe da santimita 10 (inci 4)** don barin sabo, iskar oxygen mai sanyi ya shiga a matakin bene, DA kiyaye ** saman rufin ragamar huɗa ko zik ɗin kofa ta sama da santimita 10 (inci 4)
• Duba filaye yayin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi: Idan ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi ya zame saman rufin tantin ku da daddare kuma ya rufe siket ɗin ƙasa da filaye na saman rufin, tantin ku ta zama jakar filastik mai iska a cikin mintuna 30.

3. Wuta Mai Tsabtace Wuta Mai Girma 60-Centime (24-inch)¶

Alamar yumbu mai ƙyalƙyali a gaban babban injin propane na catalytic ya kai yanayin zafi na ** 760 zuwa 870 digiri Celsius (1,400 zuwa 1,600 Fahrenheit)**, kuma mai gadin waya a gaba ba ya dakatar da zafi mai zafi daga kunna masana'anta yana taɓa shi:

1. Hana na'ura akan madaidaicin tushe mara ƙonewa: Kada a taɓa saita na'urar kai tsaye akan madaidaicin madaidaicin, kushin bacci, tulin tufafi, ko slick nailan ƙasa inda ya shiga cikin tanti ya karkatar da shi. Saita dumama dumama cikin ** kwanon burodin ƙarfe mara ƙanƙara, akan ** lebur ɗin kankare titin gefen titi**, ko kuma akan ** faɗin faffadan plywood** dake kusa da qofar tanti nesa da wurin bacci.
2. ** Kiyaye radius mai tsauri mai tsawon santimita 60 (inci 24):** A kiyaye duk jakunkuna na barci, barguna, jaket, jakunkuna, takarda, da bangon tanti na nailan aƙalla ** santimita 60 (inci 24)** nesa da gaba da saman injin dumama, kuma aƙalla ** santimita 15 (inci 6 da baya) daga gefe.
3. Kada ku taɓa jikakken safa, safar hannu, ko rigar a saman na'urar dumama don bushewa: Rataya rigar polyester ko rigar auduga akan ko dama sama da na'urar dumama shine sanadin #1 na tashin tanti na rana; da zarar masana'anta ta bushe, sai ta fashe da wuta cikin daƙiƙa 3.

4. Bulk 9-kg (20-lb) Dokokin Tankin Propane (Kiyaye Babban Tanki A Waje)¶

Yawancin mazaunan da ba su da gida da kuma masu sansanin hunturu suna haɗa wutar lantarki mai ɗaukuwa zuwa abin sake cika ** 9-kilogram (laba 20) na silinda barbecue propane ** ta amfani da bututun adaftar saboda sake cika tanki mai nauyin kilo 9 yana kashe kaso na siyan gwangwani 450-gram (1-laba) mai yuwuwar yarwa.

Buhun buhunan sanyi-yanayi, nannade kwal, da tsirar jakar barci¶

Lokacin da ba ku da murhu ko dumama, jikin ku da kansa yana haifar da kusan ** 80 zuwa 100 watts na ci gaba da zafi na rayuwa ** a hutawa, isa ya sa ku dumi zuwa -20 digiri Celsius (-4 digiri Fahrenheit) idan tarko a cikin busassun rufi. Duk da haka, kurakurai biyu masu mutuwa tare da ** buhunan bivy ***, ** robobi na filastik **, da ** jakunkuna na barci ** akai-akai suna haifar da asphyxiation ko saurin hypothermia.

flowchart TD
    A["Barci Ba tare da Tufafi ba a cikin Sanyi na Sifili"] --> B["Kuskure 1: Rufe Kai A Cikin Bivy Mai hana ruwa ruwa ko Tambarin Filastik"]
    A --> C["Kuskure 2: Numfashi Baki/Hanci A Cikin Hood Jakar Barci"]
    B --> D["Sakamako: CO2 Suffocation (Hypercapnia) + 400 mL Gumi Maƙarƙashiya Ciki Bag"]
    C --> E["Sakamako: Danshin Numfashi Da Aka Fita Yana Daskarewa Zuwa Kankara Ciki Da Insulation Jakar Barci"]
    D --> F["Madaidaicin Yarjejeniya: Bar 10 cm (4 in) Tazarar Numfashi a Hood + Layer Mylar A WAJEN Blanket Mai Numfasawa"]
    E --> G["Madaidaicin Yarjejeniya: Saka Balaclava Busassun Fleece akan Fuska Yayin Buɗe Baki A Wajen Jakar"]

1. Hana CO2 shaƙewa a cikin buhunan bivy masu hana ruwa ruwa da tafkunan filastik¶

Buhun bivy (buhun bivouac)* silifa ce mai hana ruwa mutum guda wanda ke zamewa akan jakar bacci. Yayin da manyan sojoji da hawan hawan dutse (kamar US Military Gore-Tex Modular Sleep System bivy) suna amfani da membranes ePTFE microporous wanda ke ba da damar tururin ruwa don tserewa, ** har ma Gore-Tex yana da iskar gas don samar da iskar oxygen da kuma fitar da carbon dioxide idan zazzage kashi 100 a rufe fuskar ku *, da kayan aikin gaggawa na gaggawa, polyethylene. ** jakunkunan robobi masu hana iska gaba daya.

• Kada kayi zip buhun bivy ko ninka kwalta na roba gaba daya rufe kan ka: A cikin mintuna 20 zuwa 30 a cikin buhun da aka rufe, iskar oxygen dinka ta sauke sannan numfashinka carbon dioxide (CO2) ya haura sama da 30,000 ppm, yana haifar da saurin bugun zuciya, haki, matsanancin ciwon kai na safiya, rudani, da yuwuwar shakar dusar kankara.
• Samar da buɗewar numfashi a zahiri: Koyaushe barin tazarar 5- zuwa 10-inch (2-zuwa 4-inch) a cikin zik ɗin bivy daidai gaban hanci da bakinka. Domin rigar rigar na iya saukowa a fuskarka yayin da kake barci, sai a safa safa mai busasshiyar ulu mai birgima, ɗan guntun ƙullun kwalban filastik, ko ƙaramin sanda ** a tsaye a cikin tazarar zik ​​ɗin (ko ɗaure madauki na bivy hood har zuwa sanda ko igiyar tafiya tare da guntun kirtani) don haka buɗaɗɗen ramin numfashi na dindindin duk dare.

2. Tsayawa "Ruwan sama na ciki" (Condensation Hypothermia) a cikin kayan kwanciya¶

Ko a lokacin da sanyi ke daskarewa ba a ga gumi ba, fatar mutum da huhu suna saki ** 250 zuwa 400 milliliters (kofuna 1 zuwa 1.5) na tururin ruwa marar ganuwa** (" gumi marar fahimta ") kowane dare.

• ** Me yasa sanya filastik ko Mylar kai tsaye a kusa da jakar barcinku ko jikinku yana jiƙa ku:** Idan kun nannade wani zane mai ɗorewa na filastik wanda ba za a iya numfashi ba, jakar kwantiragin baƙar fata, ko bargon sararin samaniya na Mylar mai alumini a kusa da jakar barcinku, cewa 400 ml na tururi mai dumi yana tashi daga fatar ku ya buge da sanyi mai sanyi da robobi mai sanyi (ko faɗuwar robobi mai sanyi), nan take. cikin jakar baccinki kina shayarwa. Jika ko rufin roba yana asarar har zuwa ** kashi 90 na ƙimar R-darajar sa **, yana haifar da tashin hankali da ƙarfe 04:00.
• Yadda ake huda kwalta da Mylar don busassun dumi:
  1. Pitch roba tarps a matsayin A-frame ko jingina-zuwa rufin TARE DA GIDAN iska sama da jakar barcin ku maimakon kunsa kwalta a jikinku kamar burrito.
  2. Idan dole ne ku yi amfani da bargo na Mylar ko jakar shara azaman gaggawar iska: Ki zubar da shi a hankali a saman bargon ku ta yadda iska za ta iya zagayawa a karkashin gefuna, ko amfani da ** Vapor Barrier Liner (VBL)** dabara kawai akan kafafunku (sanye da siririn busasshen safa, sannan jakar burodin filastik sirara, sannan ulun kafa mai kauri ba zai iya shiga jikin ku ba).
  3. ** Numfashi A WAJEN murfin jakar barcin ku:** Kada ku taɓa zaren jakar barcin ku da ƙarfi a bakinki da hanci sannan ku hura ciki jakar. Sanya abin rufe fuska mai kauri mai kauri (balaclava) ko gyale mai ulu a fuskarka da wuyanka, danne murfin jakar barci da kyau a kusa da kunci da goshinka, sannan ka nuna bakinka da hanci ** fita cikin iska ta tanti** don haka numfashin ka mai danshi baya shiga cikin rufin kwanciya. (Dubi jagoranmu akan tsira mara gida da matsanancin yanayin yanayi don cikakken umarnin ƙasa-rufin ƙasa da umarnin kwalban ruwan zafi.)

Taimakon farko na gaggawa don Gobarar Tanti, Narkewar Nylon Burns, da Guba na Carbon Monoxide¶

Lokacin da gaggawa ta faru a sansanin hunturu ko sansanin kashe wuta, sanin ainihin matakan taimakon farko a cikin mintuna 3 na farko kafin ma'aikatan lafiya su zo yana hana lalacewar kwakwalwa ta dindindin da girgizar ƙonawa.

1. Yin tserewa daga wuta ta tanti da kuma magance narkar da masana'anta na roba yana ƙonewa¶

Lokacin da nailan ko polyester tanti ko jakar barci ya kama wuta, masana'anta na roba suna narkewa a cikin kwandon filastik, mai tafasa (a 220 zuwa 260 digiri Celsius / 428 zuwa 500 digiri Fahrenheit) wanda ke digo a hannun, fuska, da kafafu:

1. Yanke bangon tanti da birgima, kada ku gudu: Ajiye wuka ko shear a daidaitaccen wuri kusa da kanku. Yanke kai tsaye ta bangon masana'anta nesa da harshen wuta, nutse cikin dusar ƙanƙara ko datti, kuma nan da nan ** Tsaya, Sauke, da Mirgine** yayin da kuke murɗa kowane jaket mai ƙonewa ko masana'anta na jakar barci tare da datti, dusar ƙanƙara, ko ulu mai nauyi / bargon auduga.
2. ** A kwantar da konewar da ruwan tsaftataccen ruwa mai sanyi na tsawon mintuna 20 (KADA KA kware da narkakken nailan):**
   • Zuba ruwa mai sanyi (ba daskarewa ba) a kan fatar da ta kone na tsawon minti 15 zuwa 20** don dakatar da narkar da robobi mai zafi daga ci gaba da dafa ɗigon dermis mai zurfi. (A cikin yanayin daskarewa, sanyaya kawai takamaiman hannun da aka kone ko kuma gaɓoɓin da aka ƙone yayin da ake ajiye gawar wanda aka azabtar a lulluɓe da busassun riguna don hana rashin ƙarfi na tsari.)

2. Ceto filin da maganin oxygen na asibiti don guba na Carbon Monoxide (CO).¶

Guba monoxide yana kama da mura na ciki (ciwon kai, juwa, rauni, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ƙirji, da ruɗani) sai dai duk wanda ke raba tanti ko abin hawa yana rashin lafiya lokaci guda kuma babu zazzaɓi:

1. ** Matsar da wanda aka azabtar zuwa cikin iska mai kyau a waje nan da nan:** Kada a zauna a cikin tanti mai hayaki ko motar haya don duba bugun jini. Fitar da mutumin zuwa sararin samaniya nan da nan.
2. Duba amsawa da numfashi: Idan mutumin bai amsa ba kuma baya numfashi akai-akai (ko kawai yana haki), fara hannu kawai CPR (turawa da sauri a tsakiyar kirji a matsawa 100 zuwa 120 a minti daya) yayin da wani ya kira 911 / 112 / 999.
3. Me yasa dole ne duk wanda aka kashe CO ya je asibiti ko da sun farka a waje:
   • Shakar iskar waje ta al'ada (kashi 21 na oxygen) yana ɗaukar awanni 4 zuwa 5** don share rabin carbon monoxide daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jinin ku (karboxyhemoglobin rabin rayuwa).
   • Lokacin da ma'aikatan lafiya suka sanya ku a kan ** 100 bisa dari high-flow oxygen ta hanyar abin rufe fuska wanda ba ya sake numfashi **, lokacin izinin ya ragu zuwa ** 60 zuwa 90 minutes **, kuma a cikin asibiti ** Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) *** ɗakin (wanda ake buƙata ga duk wanda ya rasa hayyacinsa, yana da ischemia na zuciya, ko kuma yana da haɗari a cikin mace), ya sauka zuwa 20 zuwa mintuna 30, yana hana jinkirin lalacewar kwakwalwar jijiya (Delayed Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) wanda in ba haka ba yakan faru bayan makonni 2 zuwa 4.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Shin masu dumama tukunyar furen terracotta da ke amfani da kyandir masu hasken shayi da gaske suna dumama tanti cikin aminci?¶

A'a. Tukwanen furen yumbu mai jujjuya da aka sanya sama da kakin zuma mai haske kyandirori uku ko huɗu labari ne na intanet wanda ke haifar da yawan tanti da gobara a duk lokacin sanyi. Dokokin thermodynamics sun nuna cewa tukunyar yumbu ba zai iya sihiri ba ta ninka yawan zafin kyandir: kyandir mai shayi yana samar da kawai 30 watts (100 BTUs a kowace awa) na zafi, ko da kuwa ko tukunyar yumbu yana zaune a kansa. Mafi muni, tarko kyandirori da yawa tare a ƙarƙashin wani rufin yumbu mai rufi yana daɗaɗa ruwan paraffin da ke cikin ƙananan kofuna na aluminum da ke wucewa ta wurin walƙiya (kimanin digiri 200 Celsius / 392 Fahrenheit), yana sa dukan tafkin kakin ya tashi ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga cikin ginshiƙi na 30-centimeter (12-inch) ginshiƙi na wuta wanda ya rushe tukunyar da bene.

Me yasa na'urar gano Carbon Monoxide (CO) mai sarrafa batir ta yi shiru lokacin da na ji dimi da rashin lafiya a cikin tanti na?¶

Da farko, duba ko kuna fama da ƙarancin oxygen / high carbon dioxide (hypoxia/hypercapnia) maimakon carbon monoxide: mai gano CO yana auna iskar Carbon Monoxide (CO) kawai a cikin sassan da miliyan kuma ba zai yi ƙara ba idan kawai kun jefa kanku cikin tanti mai iska ko buhun buhu kuma ku yi amfani da dukkan iskar oxygen mai numfashi. Na biyu, daidaitaccen mazaunin UL-2034 carbon monoxide ƙararrawa an tsara shi da gangan tare da jinkiri mai nauyi don haka kada su yi ƙara a ƙananan matakan: a 70 ppm na CO, daidaitaccen ƙararrawa na gida yana jira 60 zuwa 240 mintuna kafin yin sauti, ko da yake 50 zuwa 70 ppm yana haifar da ciwon kai da tashin zuciya a cikin yara, mata masu ciki, da kuma mutanen da ke da ciwon zuciya. Koyaushe buɗe mashin ɗin ku kuma shiga cikin iska mai daɗi a nan take kun ji ciwon kai ko juwa, ba tare da la’akari da abin da ƙararrawa ke karantawa ba.

Ta yaya zan iya ƙona ruwan zafi don kwalabe na ruwan zafi idan ba ni da murhun sansanin ko mai?¶

A lokacin daskarewa, kusan kowane kantin sayar da kayayyaki, mini-mart tashar gas, kantin kayan abinci, da kantin kofi yana da kantin sayar da kofi na kasuwanci wanda aka sanye da ruwan zafi mai zafi mai zafi (amfani da yin shayi ko oatmeal nan take) wanda ke ba da ruwa a digiri 85 zuwa 93 digiri Celsius (digiri 185 zuwa 200 Fahren). Tambayi magatakarda cikin ladabi idan zaka iya cika kwalban Nalgene mai kauri mai kauri mai kauri 1 ko kwalban bangon bakin karfe daya daga cikin jajayen ruwan shayi (ko siyan ruwan zafi mai kashi 50). Koyaushe ki bar ruwan tururi ya dan yi sanyi na tsawon mintuna 2 don kada ya karkace zaren robobi, ki murza murfin sosai, a gwada shi a kife domin ya zube a wajen tantinku, sa'annan ku zura kwalbar a cikin safa mai kauri guda biyu kafin ki saka shi cikin jakar barcinki.

Shin yana da lafiya don gudanar da injin ajiye motoci na dizal na kasar Sin ("heat din diesel") don dumama tanti na hunturu?¶

Na'urorin dizal mai ɗaukar nauyin volt 12-volt (wanda aka fi amfani da su a cikin motocin barci mai ɗaukar nauyi da motocin daukar kaya) na iya dumama tanti lafiya KAWAI idan duk akwatin hita, tankin mai, da bututun shaye-shaye an sanya su gaba ɗaya a waje da tanti (aƙalla mita 1.5 / ƙafa 5 da ƙasa) tare da tsaftataccen bututu mai sauƙi a ƙarƙashin bututun aluminum. A cikin injin dumama, man dizal yana ƙonewa a cikin injin da aka rufe da simintin aluminum yayin da fanka ke hura iska mai tsafta a fadin waje; duk da haka, idan bututun shaye-shaye ya kasance sama da iska mai tsaftar iska, ko kuma idan mai musayar zafi na aluminium ya fashe, dizal carbon monoxide mai mutuwa za a hura kai tsaye cikin jakar barcinku. Koyaushe kiyaye naúrar a waje da ƙasa kuma gudanar da injin gano CO na dijital a cikin tanti.

An duba tushe¶

• Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC, Amurka): Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Muhalli ta ƙasa: Jagorar asibiti akan Carbon Monoxide (CO) Rigakafin Guba a Tantuna, Campers, da Madadin Matsuguni.
• Hukumar Tsaron Samfuran Mabukaci (CPSC, Amurka): * Faɗakarwar Tsaro akan Maɗaukakin Radiant Propane Heater, Gawayi Briquette Asphyxiation a Rufaye, da Ka'idodin Flammability Tanti (CPAI-84)*.
• ** Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (UL) da Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA, Amurka): ** * UL 2034 Standard for Single da Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Ƙararrawa (Time-Weighted Ƙararrawa Ƙaddamarwa) da NFPA Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP-Gas) Dokokin Cire Silinda*.
• ** Cibiyar Bincike na Sojojin Amurka na Magungunan Muhalli (USARIEM) da Societyungiyar Likitocin daji (WMS, Amurka):** Rigakafi da Magance Raunukan sanyi-Weather, Sanyin Wuta-Quenching CO watsi da hayaki, da Bivy Sack Shawarar iska.
• Masu Kula da Lafiya ta Ƙasa don Majalisar Mara Gida (NHCHC) da Cibiyar Magungunan Titin (Amurka): * Rage cutarwar Wuta ta Wuta, Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.
• Hukumar Tsaro ta Lafiya ta Burtaniya (UKHSA) da Royal Society don Rigakafin Hatsari (RoSPA, United Kingdom): Tsaron Sansani da Tantin Carbon Monoxide: Barbecues, Stoves, and Portable Heaters.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Rayuwa mara gida da matsanancin yanayin yanayi
• Van rai da abin hawa abubuwan gaggawa
• Barci a cikin motar ku lafiya da sigar yin fakin a ɓoye
• Maganin titi, ƙafar rami, kula da rauni, da lafiyar matsuguni
• Shaye-shaye, kwace dukiyoyi, da haƙƙin matsuguni
• Lambobin gaggawa