Zaɓa, Sanya, da Amfani da Wuta na Gida (ABC, Class K, da Wuta na Wuta)¶
Lambobin gaggawa sun bambanta da ƙasa. Wannan shafin yana amfani da 911, lambar ga Amurka da Kanada. Yawancin ƙasashe suna amfani da 112, 999, ko wata lamba. Nemo lambar don ƙasar ku.
Lokacin da kwanon rufi ya kunna wuta, igiya mai dumama sararin samaniya tana daura da labule, ko wurin aiki na gareji ya kama wuta, ƙaramin harshen wuta na iya girma zuwa ga mutuwa, walƙiya gabaɗaya a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 120 zuwa 180**. Samun madaidaicin ƙimar wuta da wakili mai kashewa a cikin hannun hannu, wanda aka ɗora a tsayin da ya dace tare da hanyar fita, yana yanke shawarar ko za ku iya buga kwandon shara ko kwanon wuta a cikin daƙiƙa biyar ko kuma dole ne ku fice nan da nan yayin da gidanku ya ƙone. Selecting Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or European Standard (EN 3) certified multipurpose ABC dry chemical extinguishers, pairing them with a fiberglass fire blanket or wet-chemical kitchen unit for cooking grease, and performing monthly pressure-gauge checks gives your household reliable first-response fire protection.
Yi wannan yanzu¶
- Saya aƙalla UL-rated guda ɗaya
2-A:10-B:C(kimanin kilogiram 2.3 / 5-laba) busassun gobarar sinadarai iri-iri ga kowane bene na gidanku. Kada ku dogara ga ƙaramin kilogiram 1 (2-laba) gwangwani na robobi na robobi ko ƙananan raka'a a matsayin tsaron gida na farko; a1-A:10-B:Cnaúrar ta fantsama gaba ɗaya a cikin daƙiƙa 8 zuwa 10 kawai, yayin da a2-A:10-B:CƘarfe-bawul naúrar yana isar da sau biyu na ruwa daidai ƙarfin sanyaya wuta akan itace, takarda, da gobarar kayan kwalliya. - Mataki ya fi girma
3-A:40-B:Cko4-A:60-B:C(4.5-kilogram / 10-pound) na'urar kashewa a cikin garejin da aka makala, taron bita, ko dakin amfani. Garages suna riƙe da abubuwa masu ƙonewa (manfuri, man fetur, fenti, silinda na propane), baturan kayan aikin wutar lantarki na lithium-ion, da tankunan mai na abin hawa waɗanda ke mamaye ƙananan gidaje. - ** Haɗa takaddun fiberglass Fire Blanket (gama da EN 1869 ko matsayin ASTM F1989) akan bango mai nisan mita 4.5 (ƙafa 15) daga murhun kicin ɗin ku. mai a gefen bangon kicin ɗin ku idan an riƙe shi kusa. Jawo bargon wuta yana ajiyewa a hankali a kan ƙwanƙwasa mai wuta yana ɗanɗano kitse mai zurfi da kaskon wuta cikin shiru tare da fantsama sifili da ragowar foda mai lalacewa.
- Kada ku taɓa na'urar kashe gobarar kicin ɗinku kai tsaye kusa da murhu ko sama da murhu. Idan harshen wuta ya yi tsalle daga kaskon soya akan murfi na kewayon ku, ba za ku iya shiga ta cikin wutar don ɗaukar na'urar kashewa ba. Hana kowane na'urar kashe wuta kusa da kofar fita ** daki** don haka koyaushe ku matsa zuwa hanyar kubuta don dawo da ita kuma kuyi yaƙi da wuta tare da bayanku zuwa madaidaicin fita.
- Duba ma'aunin matsi na madauwari akan kowane na'urar kashe wuta a gidanku a yau. Tabbatar cewa allurar mai nuna alama tana zaune daidai a cikin yankin ** kore mai aiki**, tabbatar da cewa an amintar da fil ɗin jan ƙarfe ta hatimin tamper ɗin filastik wanda ba ya karye, sannan duba shekarar masana'anta da aka buga akan tushe ko kwala (wanda ba za'a iya zubar da shi ba na kwanan wata 2 dole ne a maye gurbinsa daga kowace shekara 210).
- ** haddace mataki hudu
P.A.S.S.Hanyar aiki kafin faruwar gaggawa:** **P *** ull fil, ** A *** im bututun ƙarfe a ** tushe na wuta ** (kada a taɓa hayaki mai tashi ko harshen wuta), S matse lever a hankali, kuma S *** kuka daga gefe zuwa gefe daga amintaccen farawa na ** 1.8 zuwa 2.4 mita (ƙafa 6 zuwa 8).
flowchart TD
FireSpot["An Gano Ƙananan Wuta Na Cikin Gida"] --> AlarmFirst["Ihu 'WUTA', Gidan Fadakarwa, da Korar Yara & Dabbobin Dabbobi Nan da nan"]
AlarmFirst --> SizeCheck{"Shin Wuta Tana Kunshe da Karamin Abu ɗaya (Pan, kwandon shara, Kayan Aiki) tare da Bayyanar Fitowa A Bayanku?"}
SizeCheck -->|No: Flames Reaching Ceiling, Thick Smoke, or Spreading Fast| LeaveNow["KAR KU YAKI WUTA: Ku Fice Nan da nan, Ku Rufe Kofofin A Bayanku, Kira Lambar Gaggawa A Waje"]
SizeCheck -->|Yes: Incipient Stage & Room Not Filled with Smoke| TypeCheck{"Wane Man Fetur Ke Konawa?"}
TypeCheck -->|Deep-Fat Skillet or Cooking Pan on Stove| PanAction["Kashe Zafin Burner -> Rufe tare da murfin ƙarfe ko Blanket ɗin Wuta na Fiberglass (ko Yi Amfani da Kemikal K / Wet)"]
TypeCheck -->|Wood, Paper, Trash, Upholstery, Curtain, or Electrical Appliance| GrabABC["Tsaya Tare Da Komawa Zuwa Ƙofar Fita -> Ɗauki 2-A: 10-B:C (ko Mafi Girma) Fita"]
GrabABC --> ExecutePASS["Tsaya 1.8 zuwa 2.4 m (6 zuwa 8 ft) Baya -> Kashe P.A.S.S. a Base of Flames"]
ExecutePASS --> OutCheck{"An Kashe Wuta Gabaɗaya A Cikin Daƙiƙa 5?"}
OutCheck -->|No, or Extinguisher Empties After 10-15 Seconds| LeaveNow
OutCheck -->|Yes| CallFD["Komawa Kallon don Sake kunnawa -> Kira Sashen Wuta don Dubawa Tare da Kamara ta thermal"]
PanAction --> CallFD
Fahimtar azuzuwan wuta guda 5: me yasa yin amfani da wakili mara kyau yana sa wuta ta fashe¶
Fire safety standards across North America (National Fire Protection Association NFPA 10 and Underwriters Laboratories UL 711) and Europe/Australia (EN 3 and BS EN 3) classify fires by the exact chemical fuel that is burning. Aiwatar da ruwa ko wani sinadari mara kyau zuwa wuta mai matsi mai ƙarfi, wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, ko ƙarfe mai ƙonewa yana haifar da fashewar tururi mai tashin hankali ko kuma kashe wutar lantarki.
| Wuta Class (US NFPA / UL) | Daidai da Ƙasashen Duniya (UK / EU EN 3 & Ostiraliya) | Wane Man Fetur Ke Konawa? | Ana Buƙatar Injin Kashe Farko na Farko | Menene Ya faru Idan Kuna Amfani da Ruwa? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ** Darasi A *** (Green Triangle) | ** Darasi A *** | Masu ƙonewa na yau da kullun: Itace, takarda, kwali, labulen kyalle, kayan kwalliya, katifa, da galibin robobi. | ** sanyaya da shafa:** Yana sha da zafi a ƙasan zafin wutan mai ko riƙon fibers tare da narkar da ɓawon burodi na monoammonium phosphate. | Ruwa yana aiki da kyau akan tsantsar gobarar Ajin A (sai dai idan akwai wayoyi masu ƙarfi a kusa). |
| ** Darasi B *** (Red Square) | ** Class B *** (Liquids) & ** Class C *** (Gases masu ƙonewa a cikin EU / UK) | ** Ruwa mai wuta da mai ƙonewa da gas:** Fetur, diesel, kananzir, man mota, fenti mai tushen mai, kaushi, da propane/gas na halitta. | Yankewa da karya sarkar sinadarai: Yana katse amsawar konewa da ke toshe iskar oxygen sama da ruwan. | Yaɗuwar bala'i. Haɗaɗɗen iskar gas na yawo a saman ruwa; zuba ruwa yana watsa man fetur mai kona a fadin falon. |
| ** Darasi C *** (Blue Circle) | Hazarar Wutar Lantarki (Alamar Hasken Walƙiya a EU/UK; Class E a Ostiraliya) | Kayan wutan lantarki masu ƙarfi: Akwatunan fiɗa, faifan da'ira, kantunan bango, dumama sararin samaniya, kwamfutoci, talabijin, da injinan kayan aiki. | Maƙarƙashiya mara amfani: Yana amfani da busassun foda ko carbon dioxide ($ CO_2$) gas wanda ba zai iya mayar da wutar lantarki a hannun mai aiki ba. | ** Lantarki mai kisa.** Ruwan famfo ya ƙunshi narkar da ma'adanai waɗanda ke gudanar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki kai tsaye cikin jikinka. |
| ** Darasi D *** (Tauraron Maki Biyar Rawaya) | Darasi D* | ** Karafa masu amsawa mai ƙonewa: ** Magnesium, titanium, sodium, potassium, zirconium, da swarf na ƙarfe / juyawa a cikin shagunan injin. | ** Busassun foda crusting: ** Musamman sodium chloride ko graphite bushe foda (an shafa a hankali) yana samar da iskar oxygen- ban da ɓawon burodi. | ** fashewar iskar iskar hydrogen mai tashin hankali.** Kona magnesium ko sodium yana fitar da kwayoyin oxygen daga ruwa (\(H_2O\)), yana sakin iskar hydrogen mai fashewa. |
| Class K (Black Hexagon) | ** Class F *** (a cikin Burtaniya, Tarayyar Turai, da Ostiraliya) | Mai zafi mai zafi da dafa abinci: Man ganyaye, man canola, man gyada, man zaitun, man alade, da man shanu a cikin soya mai zurfi ko kwanon rufi. | Saponification (rigar sinadari) ko iskar oxygen smothering: Potassium acetate/citrate hazo yana amsawa da mai mai zafi ya samar da bargon kumfa mai kauri mai kauri wanda ke sanyaya mai a kasa da \(340\rubu zuwa }380^\circ\text{C}\) ($645\text{ to }715^\circ} rubutu) | ** Kwallon wuta nan take (tafasa)** Ruwa yana nutsewa ƙarƙashin mai mai zafi da tafasasshen ruwa akan \(100^\circ\rubutu{C}\) (\(212^\circ\rubutu{F}\)), yana faɗaɗa ** sau 1,700 cikin ƙarar** da fashewar mai mai ƙonewa a cikin rufin. |
Kada a taɓa jefa ruwa, gari, sukari, ko baking powder akan wutan maiko
Jefa ko da rabin kofi na ruwa akan man girki mai kona yana haifar da fashewar tururi nan take wanda ya rufe duk wanda ke tsaye tsakanin mita 3 (kafa 10) a cikin konewar mataki na uku. Hakanan haɗari shine jefa fulawa gaba ɗaya, sitaci masara, powdered sugar, ko baking powder a kan wuta kaskon: dakataccen ƙurar ƙurar carbohydrate na kunna wuta da ƙarfi cikin fashewar ƙura. Sai kawai ** tsantsa sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)** ko ** ƙarfe kwanon rufi / bokan fiberglass wuta bargo** ya kamata ya taba ƙaramar wuta skillet. Duba gobarar kicin kuma tafasasshen soya mai zurfi da gobarar mai.
Ƙaddamar da ƙididdiga na UL wuta mai kashe wuta: menene 2-A:10-B:C kuma 3-A:40-B:C ainihin nufi¶
Lokacin siyayya don kashe gobarar gida, yi watsi da sifofin tallace-tallace kamar "Tsarin nauyi" ko "Kitchen & Home" kuma karanta lambar lambar ƙira ta alphanumeric UL ** buga kusa da Alamar UL akan alamar silinda. Kowace lamba a waccan lambar tana da ma'anar injiniya daidai da aka gwada a ƙarƙashin UL 711:
- Lamba a Gaban
A(Equivalent Water for Solid Fuels): - Kowane raka'a na **
Arating yayi daidai da 4.7 lita (1.25 US galan) na ruwa ** a cikin kashe wuta a kan itace da takarda gobara. - Saboda haka:
- A
1-Arated extinguisher daidai ** 4.7 lita (galan 1.25)** na ruwa. - A
2-Awanda aka ƙididdige mai kashewa yayi daidai da ** lita 9.5 (galan 2.5)** na ruwa. - A
3-Arated extinguisher daidai ** 14.2 lita (3.75 galan)** na ruwa. - A
4-Amai kashe wuta daidai yake ** lita 19 (gallon 5.0)** na ruwa.
- A
- Lamba a Gaban
B(Hoton Hotunan Wuta Mai Ƙunƙara): - Lambar da ke gaba
Byana nuna ** kusan yanki a cikin murabba'in ƙafafu ** na wuta mai ƙonewa mai zurfi mai zurfi wanda ƙwararren ma'aikaci zai iya kashewa. (A ƙarƙashin gwajin UL, wanda ba ƙwararren mai amfani ba ana ƙididdige shi tare da kashe kusan kashi 40% na yankin kwanon gwajin don ginawa a cikin babban gefen aminci). - A
10-BAn ƙididdige naúrar don ** 0.93 murabba'in mita (ƙafa 10)** na kona ruwa. - A
40-BAn ƙididdige naúrar don ** murabba'in murabba'in mita 3.7 (ƙafa 40)** na kona ruwa. - A
60-Bko80-BAn ƙididdige naúrar don ** 5.6 zuwa 7.4 murabba'in mita (ƙafa 60 zuwa 80 murabba'in)** na kona ruwa. - Me yasa BABU Lamba a Gaban
C: - Harafin
Ckawai yana ba da tabbacin cewa wakili mai kashewa a cikin silinda ** wutar lantarki ba ta da wutar lantarki ** (an gwada shi a ƙarƙashin ka'idodin UL a kan tazarar 250-millimita / 10-inch har zuwa ** 100,000 volts AC ** tare da zubar da sifili na yanzu). Wutar lantarki kodayaushe wuta ce ta Class A (gidan robobi/insulation) ko kuma Class B (transformer oil) wuta wacce a halin yanzu wutar lantarki ke gudana ta cikinta.
Kwatanta fasahar kashe gobara ta gida: ABC busasshen sinadari vs. BC vs. Class K vs. bargo na wuta vs. gwangwani aerosol¶
Ba kowane ɗaki a gidanku yakamata ya dogara da ainihin wakili na kashewa ba. Duk da yake multipurpose ABC Dry Chemical (monoammonium phosphate) shine ma'aunin gwal don ɗakuna, falo, ginshiƙai, da gareji, foda mai launin rawaya mai ɗanɗano acidic kuma mai lalata ga allunan kewayawa da wuraren dafa abinci. Kwatanta zaɓuɓɓukan zama na farko guda biyar a ƙasa:
| Nau'in kashe wuta / Na'ura | Wakilin Chemical Ciki | An Rufe Darussan Wuta | Lokacin fitarwa (Yawanci 2.3-4.5 kg / 5-10 lb Unit) | Mabuɗin Fa'idodi & Wuraren Gida Na Musamman | Mahimman Iyakoki & Tsabtace Wuta Bayan Wuta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manufafi da yawa ABC Dry Chemical (2-A:10-B:C ku 4-A:80-B:C) |
** Monoammonium phosphate *** fluidizing rawaya foda matsa lamba tare da nitrogen. | ** Darasi A, B, da C *** | 13 zuwa 21 seconds* (2.3-4.5 kg / 5-10 lb) |
Mafi kyawun kariyar gida. Yana narkewa a \(177^\circ\rubutu{C}\) (\(350^\circ\rubutu{F}\)) a cikin ɓawon gilashin da ke kan itacen da ke ƙonewa don haka fashewa ba zai iya sake kunnawa ba. Yi amfani da kowane hallway / bene da gareji. | Yana barin ƙurar rawaya mai laushi, mai lalata ko'ina wacce ke lalata kwamfutoci/stereos idan ba a share su nan da nan ba. Babban matsa lamba na iya fantsama mai mai zurfi mai zurfi idan an yi niyya sosai. |
** Purple-K ko Na yau da kullun BC Dry Chemical** (10-B:C ko 20-B:C) |
** Sodium bicarbonate *** (farin foda) ko ** Potassium bicarbonate ** (Purple-K). | Class B da C KAWAI (Babu darajar Ajin A) | 8 zuwa 14 seconds* | Ƙananan alkaline (baking soda tushe) don haka yana tsaftace sauƙi daga murhun ƙarfe da injuna. | Haɗari idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman na'urar kashe gida ɗaya tilo. Ba shi da kimar Class A; a kan itace, takarda, labule, ko kabad, wuta nan da nan ta sake kunnawa da zarar foda ta lafa. |
| Rukunin Kayan Abinci na Chemical Jika (**Class K *** / EU ** Class F ***) | ** Potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, ko potassium citrate ** bayani mai ruwa. | Class K (Mai dafa abinci/Fats) da ** Class A** | 40 zuwa 75 seconds (6-lita / 1.6-gallon naúrar) | Mafi kyawun masu dafa abinci na gida da masu soya turkey a waje. Yana zubarwa azaman hazo mai ƙarfi mara ƙarfi wanda baya watsa mai zafi; saponifies mai a cikin sanyi sabulu ɓawon burodi. | Ya fi tsada fiye da daidaitattun sassan ABC; ba shi da aminci a kan maɓalli na masana'antu masu ƙarfin lantarki har sai an kashe wutar lantarki. |
| Wutar Wuta ta Fiberglass ko Silica Wuta *** (** EN 1869** / ** ASTM F1989**) | Saƙa ** E-gilashin fiberglass** (ƙididdigewa zuwa \(550^\circ\rubutu{C} / 1,022^\circ\rubutu{F}\)) ko ** high-silica zane** (kiyaye zuwa \(1,000^\circ\rubutu{C} / 1,832^\circ\rubutu{F}\)). | Ƙananan K/F kwanon rufin wuta, kwandon shara, da wutar sutura akan mutum. | Ci gaba da shan taba (bari a wuri na tsawon mintuna 30** har sai kwanon rufi ya huce). | Haɗarin horon sifili, fantsarar matsi na sifili, ɓarnar ƙarewar sifili, da aminci don nannade mutumin da tufafinsa ke kan wuta. Rataya mita 4.5 (ft 15) daga murhun kicin. | Kawai yana rufe wuta ƙasa da sawun bargo (yawanci \(1.0 sau 1.0 rubutu{m}\) ko \(1.2 lokaci 1.2\rubu{m} / 3.3\ sau 3.3\rubutu{ft}\) zuwa \(4 \ sau 4\rubutu{ft}\)). Amfani guda ɗaya sau ɗaya an fallasa zuwa harshen maiko. |
| ** Wakili Mai Tsafta (Halotron I / FK-5-1-12) ko $ CO_2$** | Gas mara amfani da wutar lantarki ko ruwa mai vaporizing. | ** Class B da C *** (manyan raka'a suna ƙara 1-A ko 2-A). | 8 zuwa 12 seconds *** | Sauran foda na sifili. Madaidaici don rakiyar uwar garken gida, shingen firinta na 3D, ɗakunan sauti masu tsada, da garejin mota na gargajiya. | Mai tsada; \(CO_2\) ba shi da sanyin Aji mai zurfi mai zurfi kuma yana iya shakar masu amfani a cikin ƙananan ɗakunan da ba su da iska. |
Kula da gwangwani masu kashe wuta da ba a tantance ba da na'urorin kashe-bawul
- ** Bincika alamar takaddun shaida na UL 711 ko EN 3 na gaske:** Yawancin gwangwani na fesa wuta na iska mai tsada da ake siyarwa akan tallan kafofin watsa labarun ba su ɗauke da ƙimar UL ko EN mai zaman kanta ba. Idan kuna son ƙaramin ɗakin dafa abinci na aerosol don tsofaffi dangi masu ciwon arthritis waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaga tanki mai kilo 4.5 (laba 10), zaɓi kawai na'urar aerosol da aka gwada zuwa UL 711A (irin su gwangwani na Farko na Farko na Farko ko Kidde), kuma koyaushe kiyaye cikakken girman.
2-A:10-B:Ckarfe extinguisher a matsayin madadin. - ** Zaɓi taron bawul ɗin ƙarfe na anodized akan filastik mai arha: ** Masu kashe wuta waɗanda aka gina tare da ** karfe bawul shugaban, jan karfe, da bututun siphon na ƙarfe ** (kamar Amerex B402/B500, Badger, Buckeye, ko samfuran kasuwanci na Pro-Line) na iya zama ƙwararrun ƙwararru kuma ana kiyaye su ta hanyar ruwa na shekaru da yawa, idan ba za a iya jujjuyawar filastik ba.
Wurin daki-daki, tsayin tsayi, da dokokin zafin jiki¶
Sayen kashe gobara da barin su binne a bayan gwangwanin fenti a bayan wani kabad mai duhu ko kuma ƙarƙashin kwandon dafa abinci a bayan kwalabe na bleach yana sa su zama marasa amfani yayin tashin gobara. Bi NFPA 10 da Hukumar Wuta ta Amurka (USFA) dokokin aikin injiniyan wurin zama:
1. Ka'idar "Tafarkin Fita da Tafiya".¶
- **Hana kowane na'ura mai kashe wuta tare da hanyar fita ta al'ada (kusa da ƙofar da ke fitowa daga ɗaki ko zuwa ƙofar fita ta waje). Da zarar hannunka yana kan na'urar kashewa kuma baya yana taɓa ƙofar fita, zaku iya tantance ko wutar ta yi ƙanƙanta don faɗa.
- Mafi girman nisan tafiya: A kowane bene na gidanku, kada ku taɓa tafiya sama da 12 mita (ƙafa 40) don isa wurin kashe wutan A/B/C, kuma a cikin kicin ko gareji, na'urar kashewa ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin mita 4.5 zuwa 9 (ƙafa 15 zuwa 30)** na murhu ko benci.
2. Daidai ADA da NFPA masu hawa tsayi¶
Dutsen kowane na'ura mai kashe wuta akan bangon bangon sa wanda aka makale a cikin katako na bango (ko ƙwanƙwasa mai nauyi mai nauyi wanda aka ƙididdige shi aƙalla kilo 23 / 50) don haka yara ba za su iya buga shi a ƙafafunsu ba kuma hayaƙi ba ya ɓoye shi a kusa da silin: - Domin daidaitattun na'urori na gida masu nauyin kilo 18 (fam 40) ko ƙasa da haka: Dole ne a ɗaura hannun saman na'urar kashewa ** bai wuce mita 1.5 (ƙafa 5/60 inci)** sama da bene ba. - ** Madaidaicin tsayin gidan ergonomic:** Dutsen madaidaicin don haka rikewar ya zauna ** 1.05 zuwa mita 1.2 (inci 42 zuwa 48)** daga ƙasa, kuma ajiye ƙasan silinda aƙalla ** santimita 10 (inci 4)* sama da ƙasa don haka mops, injin tsabtace ruwa, da kwanon ruwa na dabbobi ba sa lalata ƙasa.
3. Mafi ƙarancin shimfidar tsarar gida (kare maki 4)¶
- Kitchen / Kofar Fitar Da Abinci (4.5m / 15 ft daga kuka): ** Ɗayan ** EN 1869 Fiberglass Wutar Wuta ** wanda aka ɗora a matakin ido a cikin jakar ja mai sauri + ɗaya
2-A:10-B:Cbusasshen sinadari mai kashewa (ko lita 6 Class K/Class F rigar sinadari na kashewa idan kuna soya abinci akai-akai). - ** Titin Bakin Farko (Kowane Matsayin Barci):** Daya
2-A:10-B:C(2.3 kg / 5 lb) na'urar kashe abubuwa da yawa da aka saka a cikin babban ɗakin kwana ko kabad na lilin kusa da ƙofofin ɗakin kwana don ku iya yaƙi hanyar ku idan tashar hallway ko tanderun ta kunna da ƙarfe 3:00 na safe. Duba Shirin tserewa gobarar gida da matakan hawa na biyu. - Basement/Dakin Mai Amfani (A saman Matakan Gidan bene): Daya
2-A:10-B:Cko3-A:40-B:Cna'urar kashe wuta da aka dora a saman ** saman bene na bene ** (a bayan kofar gidan) don haka ba sai ka gangara cikin ginshiki mai cike da hayaki ba don dawo da shi. - ** Garage / Taron Bita (Kusa da Ƙofar Gidan Cikin Gida ko Ƙofar Fita ta Gefen): *** Aiki ɗaya mai nauyi
3-A:40-B:Cko4-A:60-B:C(4.5 kg / 10 lb) na'urar kashe ƙarfe-bawul na kasuwanci. - ** Bayanan kula da yanayin zafi:** An ƙididdige daidaitattun busassun sinadarai masu UL da aka jera don yin aiki da dogaro har zuwa \(-40^\circ\rubutu{C}\) (\(-40^\circ\rubutu{F}\)) da har zuwa *\(+49^\circ\rubutu{C}\) ($\(+120^\circ\rubutu{C}\)$+120^\circ\geton rubutu{F}. Koyaya, ** hazo-ruwa da rigar-sinadaran Class K masu kashewa za su daskare a cikin garejin arewa mara zafi sai dai in an sanya sanyi ta musamman. Kada a taɓa adana na'urar kashe matsi a cikin akwati wanda ya wuce \(49^\circ\rubutu{C}\) (\(120^\circ\rubutu{F}\)) a lokacin rani ba tare da duba ƙimar zafinsa ba.
Yadda ake yaƙar ƙaramar wuta lafiya: Dokokin 6 Kafin Jirgin sama da P.A.S.S. dabara¶
An ƙera na'urorin kashe gobara masu ɗaukuwa ** kawai don gobarar matakin farko** (wutar da ta fara kuma har yanzu tana tsare a cikin akwati na asali ko kayan aikinsu). Kafin a ja fil, gudanar da wannan lissafin tunani na na biyu:
Sharuɗɗan Tsaro na Go / No-Go 6¶
Ku yaki wuta kawai idan duka maganganun guda shida gaskiya ne: 1. Kowa yana gudun hijira a yanzu kuma wani yana kira (ko a shirye ya kira) yankin ku lambobin gaggawa (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Burtaniya). 2. Wutar tana tsare ne a kan ƙaramin abu guda ɗaya (kuskuren soya, kwandon shara, microwave, toaster, ko kushion) kuma klzzwxh:0018. 5. **An cika na'urar kashe wutar ku kuma ta yiaidai da ajin mai. 6. **Hadarin ku yana gaya muku cewa ba shi da liya.** Idan kun ji damuwa ko rashin tabbas, ** rufe ƙofar ɗakin bayan ku don jin yunwar iskar oxygen kuma ku fita daga ginin nan da nan.
Ana aiwatar da P.A.S.S. Hanyar (Dry Chemical / Wet Chemical / $ CO_2$)¶
P, KYAUTA fil ɗin aminci: Riƙe na'urar kashe wuta a tsaye tare da bututun ƙarfe yana nuni daga gare ku. Juya fil ɗin zobe na ƙarfe a saman hannun da ƙarfi a gefe don ɗaukar hatimin tamper ɗin filastik. (Kada ka matse lever na sama a ƙasa yayin da kake jan fil ɗin, ko matsi na hannunka zai tsunkule fil ɗin a wurin).A, AIM low a gindin wuta: ** Tsaya ** 1.8 zuwa 2.4 mita (ƙafa 6 zuwa 8) ** baya daga wuta. Nuna bututun bututun ƙarfe ko ƙaho kai tsaye zuwa ** gindin harshen wuta (inda man da kansa ke ƙonewa), ba a tsakiya ko saman harshen wuta ba. Nufin wutar da ke tashi yana ɓatar da sinadarai na daƙiƙa 10 zuwa 15 ba tare da taɓa man da ke ƙonewa ba.-
- Doka ta musamman don wuta ta kwanon dafa abinci tare da ABC Dry Chemical:* Tsaya cikakke ** 2.4 zuwa mita 3 (ƙafa 8 zuwa 10)** baya lokacin da kuka fara fitarwa don haka fashewar 1,340-kilopascal (195 PSI) na farko ba ya fantsama mai mai daga cikin kwanon rufi.
S, SQUEEZE babban lever a hankali kuma a ko'ina: Latsa hannun sama na sama zuwa ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi don sakin wakili mai kashewa. (Sakin lever nan da nan ya dakatar da kwarara).- **
S, SWEEP daga gefe zuwa gefe a fadin gindin man fetur: ** Share bututun ƙarfe a kwance 15 centimeters (inci 6) wuce gefuna na hagu da dama na kayan kona, korar harshen wuta a baya da kuma rufe dukkan farfajiyar haske. Yayin da harshen wuta ke raguwa, matsawa a hankali (zuwa kimanin mita 1.2/4 ƙafa) don shafa ƙazafi mai zurfi sosai. - Komawa a hankali yayin da kuke fuskantar wurin da aka kashe: Kada ku taɓa juya baya akan gobarar da ta fashe. Ka kula don sake kunnawa, fitar da ɗakin don guje wa shakar monoammonium phosphate ƙura da hayaƙin konewa, kuma **kira sashen kashe gobara don duba kogon bango da silin tare da kyamarar hoto na thermal **.
Yadda ake Amfani da Blanket ɗin Wuta na Fiberglass (Pull, Shield, Lay, Leave)¶
- Kashe tushen zafi da farko (kashe kullin iskar gas ko bugun kira na dafa abinci na lantarki, ko cire kayan aikin idan amintaccen isa).
- Jago ƙasa da ƙarfi akan shafukan sakin baƙar fata guda biyu da ke rataye daga kasan jakar bango don zame bargon da aka naɗe a cikin motsi ɗaya.
- Ki mirgine kusurwoyin saman bargon sama da hannayenku da wuyan hannu kamar kullin kariya: Matse yatsun ku bayan gefen saman takardar fiberglass don haka tashin wuta da tururin mai mai zafi ba zai iya ƙone ƙugunku ba yayin da kuke kusanci murhu.
- Ki sanya bargon (Kada ku jefar da) a hankali akan kwanon wuta daga gefen kusa da ku: Rike bargon a gaban kirjinki da fuskarki kamar garkuwa, ki dora gefen kusa da gefen kwanon ki, sannan ki juye bargon gaba a kan kaskon ta yadda duk wani wuta ko zafi za a tunkuda * daga jikinki.
- A bar bargon ba tare da an taba shi ba na tsawon mintuna 30 zuwa 45: Kar a dage kwana bayan mintuna biyu don “leke” a ga ko wutar ta mutu. Mai dafa abinci ya wuce zafin wutar da yake kunnawa (\(340\rubutu{zuwa }380^\circ\rubutu{C} / 645\rubutu{zuwa}715^\circ\rubutu{F}\)); ɗaga bargon da wuri yana shigar da sabon iskar oxygen kuma yana sa man da ya zafafa ya koma cikin harshen wuta nan take.
Me game da gobarar batirin lithium-ion (kekuna e-kekuna, babur, kwamfyutoci, da kayan aikin wuta)?¶
Matakan kashe gobarar mazaunin gida (** Class A, B, C, ko K *) da bargo na wuta ** ba za su iya dakatar da guduwar zafi a cikin tantanin baturin lithium-ion ba. Me yasa? Domin lithium-ion cathode mai zafi ko huda yana haifar da ** iskar oxygen na ciki da zafi ** ta hanyar sarkar sinadari mai ban sha'awa, ma'ana ƙulla iska ta waje baya hana tantanin halitta daga ƙonewa da fitar da iskar gas mai guba (hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, da vaporized electrolytes).
- ** Idan ƙaramin wayar salula, kwamfutar hannu, ko baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ya fara huci, kumburi, ko shan taba:** Idan lafiya don yin hakan ba tare da shakar fari/ launin toka ba, buga duk wani harshen wuta na Class A da ke kewaye (takardar tebur, kafet, ko labule) tare da
2-A:10-B:Cna'urar kashewa ko ambaliya ƙaramin na'urar tare da dumbin ruwa mai yawa ** don sanyaya sel kusa da ke ƙasa da madaidaicin guduwar zafi. - Idan e-bike, e-scooter, hoverboard, ko babban kayan aikin baturi ya fara huci, busawa, ko fitar da farar hayaki: klzzwxh:0103 hydrofluoric acid tururi. **Kwatar da kowa da gaggawa, rufe kofa aaya, kuma a kira lambar gaggawa ta gida.** Duba wuta na kayan aiki.
Binciken wata-wata, ka'idodin rayuwa na shekaru 12, da kuma abin tunawa na Kidde filastik.¶
Na'urar kashe gobara da ke zaune ba a taɓa ta ba na tsawon shekaru tana iya rasa matsi na motsa jiki a hankali ko kuma ta sami gazawar bawul. Yi wannan binciken 60 na biyu a ranar 1 ga kowane wata:
- ** Duba Kidde-Miliyan-Unit Tunawa da
CPSC Recall #18-022):** Kidde ya tuno da sama da na'urorin kashe gobara miliyan 40 da aka kera tsakanin 1973 da Agusta 15, 2017 wanda ke dauke da wani ** mai lankwasa robobi mai lankwasa ** ko madaidaicin maballin maballin turawa**, wanda zai iya kasa fitarwa ko cirewa yayin gobara. Duba lambar ƙirar ku akankidde.com(Shafin Tunawa da Tsaron Samfura) don sauya ƙarfe-bawul kyauta. - Duba allurar Ma'aunin Matsi: Tabbatar da maki allura kai tsaye cikin kunkuntar ** kore ta tsakiya**. Idan allurar ta fada cikin ja "RECHARGE" ko "AN CIGABA" yankin, maye gurbin ko aiki da fasaha nan da nan.
- Duba Fin-Pin da Hatimin Tamper: Tabbatar cewa an amintar da fil ɗin zoben ƙarfe ta tayen tamper ɗin da ba ta karye ba. Kada "gwaji-squirt" busasshen wuta na sinadari: ko da matsi na rabin daƙiƙa yana barin ƙwayar foda mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar cuta akan kujerar robar bawul, yana barin duk sauran iskar nitrogen da ta rage ta zubo cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48.
- Duba Nozzle, Hose, da Silinda Jikin: Bincika bututun robar don tsagewa, tabbatar da gizo-gizo ko maiko basu toshe bakin bututun ƙarfe ba, sannan a duba silinda don haƙarƙari ko tsatsa. Kar a taɓa buga silinda da mallet.
- Duba Ƙayyadaddun Ƙayyadaddun Shekaru 6/12 (NFPA 10): Gano shekarar ƙira mai lamba 4 mai hatimi a ƙasan baki, wuya, ko lakabin. ** Dole ne a maye gurbin na'urorin kashe gida waɗanda ba za a iya caji ba (wanda za a iya zubar da su) bayan shekaru 12 bayan ƙirƙira *** (ko shekaru 10 a kowace jagorar masana'anta). Rechargeable metal-valve units require professional internal maintenance every 6 years and hydrostatic testing every 12 years.
- Ki jefar da na'urori masu kashewa ko amfani da su lafiya: Kada a taɓa jefar da silinda mai matsewa cikin sharar gida, inda kwararrun motocin datti ke iya haifar da fashewa. Ɗauki raka'a masu caji zuwa kantin kayan wuta na gida don cikawa, kuma ɗauki raka'a da za a iya zubarwa zuwa gundumar ku ** Haɗaɗɗiyar Sharar Gida (HHW)** kayan aiki ko sashin kashe gobara.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶
Me zai faru idan na matse na'urar kashe gobara na na daƙiƙa ɗaya don gwada ko har yanzu tana aiki?
Kada a taɓa gwada busasshen na'urar kashe gobarar sinadari, koda na rabin daƙiƙa ne. Lokacin da ka matse hannun, monoammonium phosphate ko sodium bicarbonate foda yana ruga da hatimin roba O-ring valve na ciki. Lokacin da kuka saki hannun, ƙananan ƙwayoyin foda suna kasancewa cikin tarko a kan hatimin roba, suna hana rufewar iska da haifar da duk matsewar iskar iskar iskar iskar nitrogen zuwa zube cikin nutsuwa cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48. Wata mai zuwa, lokacin da ainihin wuta ta faru, na'urar kashewa za ta mutu gaba ɗaya. Koyaushe dogara da allurar ma'aunin matsa lamba da kwanan wata da aka kera maimakon, kuma maye gurbin ko yin caji da ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa kowace naúrar da aka sauke ko da ɗan kaɗan.
Shin busasshiyar sinadari mai busasshiyar ABC mai dumbin yawa ko bargon wuta na fiberglass ya fi kyau ga wutar maiko?
Dukansu suna cikin wani shiri na dafa abinci mai kyau saboda suna hidimar matakai guda biyu na wutar dafa abinci. Ga gobarar da ke cikin kwanon frying, tukunya, ko fryer ta iska, bargon wuta ta fiberglass EN 1869 (ko kashe mai ƙonawa da zamewar murfi a kan kwanon rufi) ya fi kyau: yana murƙushe mai a hankali tare da haɗarin watsa mai mai ƙonewa kuma yana barin sifilar foda mai lalata a kan murhu da lantarki. Duk da haka, idan maiko mai ƙonewa ya riga ya zube a kan murhu a kan kabad, labule, ko ƙasa, bargon wuta ba zai iya rufe wuta a tsaye ba, kuna buƙatar busassun sinadarai 2-A: 10-B: C (wanda aka fitar daga mita 2.4 zuwa 3 / 8 zuwa 10 ƙafa baya) ko Class K rigar-sinadaran kashewa.
Ta yaya zan tsaftace rawaya monoammonium phosphate foda bayan amfani da ABC kashe kashe a cikin gida?
Da farko, tabbatar da cewa hukumar kashe gobara ta share tsarin kuma ta kashe wutar lantarki zuwa da'irori da abin ya shafa, sannan a sanya abin rufe fuska na N95, gilashin tsaro, da safar hannu na nitrile saboda kura ta monoammonium phosphate tana harzuka huhu da idanu. Kada a taɓa shafa ruwa da farko don bushe foda ABC akan kayan lantarki ko ƙarfe, saboda danshi yana kunna ragowar phosphoric acid mai sauƙi kuma yana haɓaka lalata. Madadin haka, yi amfani da injin shago tare da tace HEPA (ko goga kuma share sosai) don cire duk busassun foda daga saman da filaye na lantarki. Don gasa-kan ɓawon burodi a kan murhu na ƙarfe ko kwanon rufi, shafa tare da manna na ruwan dumi da soda burodi (ko cakuda 50/50 na barasa isopropyl da ruwan dumi) don kawar da murfin acidic.
Zan iya ajiye na'urar kashe gobara a cikin akwati na mota ko garejin hunturu mara zafi?
Ee, in dai kun tabbatar da kewayon zafin aiki da aka buga akan lakabin farantin suna UL. Yawancin busassun sinadarai masu UL-jera (ABC da BC) ana matsa su da busasshen iskar nitrogen kuma ana ƙididdige su daga 40 digiri Celsius (a debe Fahrenheit 40) har zuwa ma'aunin Celsius 49 (da Fahrenheit 120), yana mai da su gaba ɗaya amintattu a cikin garaji na sanyi. Don abin hawa, ɗaga ƙaramin 1-A: 10-B: C ko 2.5-laba karfe-bawul ɗin kashe wuta a cikin amintaccen shingen da aka ƙididdigewa a ƙarƙashin kujerar fasinja ko cikin gida maimakon sako-sako a cikin akwati mai hasken rana, inda dashboard ɗin rani da yanayin zafin jiki na iya wuce digiri 60 (digiri 140 na Fahrenheit) a lokacin aikin silinda ya faɗi.
Me yasa sassan kashe gobara suka ce na'urar kashe gobara ta gida tana dakika 10 zuwa 20 kawai?
Ba kamar bututun ruwa na kasuwanci da aka haɗa da hydrant, mai ɗaukar nauyin kilogiram 2.3 (laba 5) 2-A: 10-B: C na kashe gobarar gida yana riƙe da ƙarancin busassun foda na sinadarai wanda ke fitarwa gabaɗaya a cikin 13 zuwa 15 seconds na ci gaba da matsi (da ƙananan 1-kilogram / 2.5-pound a cikin kawai raka'a 8). Shi ya sa yin niyya kai tsaye a gindin man da ke ƙonewa (ba a taɓa hayaƙin hayaƙi ko harshen wuta ba) da sakin lever da zarar wuta ta faɗo yana da mahimmanci: idan kun yi nufin sama da wuta a cikin daƙiƙa biyar na farko, rabin tankin sinadari ɗin ku ya ɓace kafin gram ɗaya na foda ya taɓa man da ke ƙonewa.
An duba tushe¶
- Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA, Amurka): NFPA 10: Matsayin Masu kashe Wuta masu ɗaukar nauyi (Rarrabawa, Wuraren Wuta, Nisan Balaguro, Tsawon Tsayi, da Tsawon Shekara 6/12) da Nasihu na Tsaron Kashe Wuta na Gida.
- Hukumar kashe gobara ta Amurka (USFA/FEMA): Zaɓi da Amfani da na'urorin kashe gobara masu ɗaukar nauyi (Hanyar P.A.S.S. da Lokacin da za'a Fice vs. Fight).
- Underwriters Laboratories (UL Solutions, International): UL 711: Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers and UL 711A: Outline of Investigation for Portable Hand-Held Extinguishing Aerosol Devices.
- Kwamitin Turai don daidaitawa da Cibiyar Matsayin Biritaniya (CEN / BSI): *** BS EN 3: Masu kashe gobara mai ɗaukar hoto
- Hukumar Kare Kayayyakin Kasuwanci ta Amurka (CPSC): * Tuna Faɗakarwa #18-022: Kidde Ya Tuna da Masu Kashe Wuta Tare da Hannun Filastik da Maɓallin Maɓallin Turawa Saboda Rashin Cirewa*.