Kashe-Grid Rawan Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa da Rashin Tsarin Tsaftar Tsafta¶

Rayuwa a cikin gidan da ba a rufe ba, wurin zama na ƙauye, ƙaramin gida, ko sansani mai nisa ya sa ku zama naku masana'antar kula da ruwa na birni da najasa. Lokacin da mataccen rowan, tsuntsu, ko kwaɗi ya wuce bangon rufin da ya karye a cikin rijiyar girbin ruwan sama, lokacin da ambaliya ta shiga cikin tankin ruwa na ƙasa, ko kuma lokacin da bayan gida mai takin ya zama ambaliyar ruwa, mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi yayin da bututun magudanar ruwa ya daskare a tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, gazawar nan da nan tana barazanar kamuwa da cutar amai da gudawa.

Ba kamar ruwan famfo na birni wanda ke ɗauke da ragowar shingen chlorine har zuwa famfon ɗin ku, ɗanyen ruwan sama da aka girbe da rijiyoyin da ba a kula da su ba su da sauran maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta da zarar an adana su a cikin duhu. Kwayoyin cuta na fecal daga tsuntsaye masu zama, jemagu, raccoons, da rodents, ciki har da * Salmonella *, * Campylobacter *, enterohemorrhagic * Escherichia coli * (O157: H7), * Giardia lamblia *, Cryptosporidium, da * Leptospira * na iya haifar da ci gaba da ci gaba. Rashin ruwa mai barazanar rai ko ciwon uremic na hemolytic. Wannan jagorar tana ba da ainihin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) don girgiza-chlorinating gurɓataccen rijiyar, ka'idojin tafasa-da-baci na gaggawa don ruwan sha nan da nan, warware matsalar mataki-mataki don ceton da aka nutse, ko daskararre hanyoyin da za a iya ceton gidan da aka nutse. kashe-grid layin ruwan toka.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. A nemi kulawar gaggawa idan wani ya kamu da gudawa na jini, zazzabi mai zafi, jaundice, ko rashin ruwa mai tsanani. Idan yaro, babba, ko dan gida ya nuna alamun kamuwa da cutar ta ruwa mai tsanani ko rashin ruwa mai tsanani (jiki a tsaye, runtse idanu, rudani, ko rashin fitsari na tsawon sa'o'i 8+), kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (gaggawa).911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom) ta amfani da mu lambobin gaggawa directory, kuma fara maganin shan ruwa na baka nan da nan.
2. Rufe babban bawul ɗin fita daga gurɓataccen rijiyar zuwa aikin famfo gidanku nan da nan. Idan kun ji wari mara kyau a famfo, ga ruwa mai gauraya ko canza launi, ko gano matacciyar dabba ko ruwan ambaliya a cikin rijiyar ku, rufe babban bawul ɗin ball tsakanin tankin rijiyar da famfon ɗinku na 12V/120V. Rataya ƙarfin hali "DO NOT DRINK OR BRUSH TEETH" sanya hannu a kan kowane famfo na cikin gida don kada kowa ya yi amfani da ruwan kafin a zubar da bututun.
3. A tafasa duk abin shan nan da nan da ruwan dafa abinci na tsawon minti 1 cikakke (ko mintuna 3 sama da mita 2,000 / ƙafa 6,562) Kada a dogara da bleach ɗin sinadarai kaɗai idan an sami mataccen tsuntsu ko dabba mai shayarwa a cikin tanki, saboda daidaitaccen adadin bleach na gida ba ya * * * dogara ga Cryptosporidium oocysts. Kawo ruwa zuwa tafasa na tsawon daƙiƙa 60 (daƙiƙa 180 a tsayi mai tsayi) yana kashe kashi 100 na ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da cysts na protozoan.
4. Kada ku taɓa hawa cikin rijiyar ruwa da ke rufe ko tankin najasa don tsaftace shi. Rijiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko sama da ƙasa da tankunan sharar gida suna zama kamar ** wurare masu haɗari. Rushewar sludge na halitta yana cinye iskar oxygen kuma yana haifar da iskar carbon dioxide da hydrogen sulfide (\(H_2S\)) gas mara wari; Shiga cikin rijiyar ba tare da kayan aikin numfashi na iska da kayan aikin ceto ba yana haifar da suma cikin daƙiƙa guda. Koyaushe tsaftace, share, da goge rijiya daga waje ta yin amfani da sandunan tsawo mai tsayi da famfo mai sharar ruwa.
5. Juyar da rufin rufin ("First-Flush" ko mai karkatar da gutter) kafin ruwan sama mai zuwa. Cire haɗin ko karkatar da bututun shan ruwa wanda ke ciyar da rijiyar ku don haka ƙarin tarkacen rufin, toka, ko ɗigon dabbobi ba za su iya wankewa cikin tanki ba yayin da kuke tsabtace shi.
6. Idan bayan gida na taki ya cika ruwan anaerobic slurry, daina ƙara ruwa nan da nan sannan a ƙara busasshen sinadarin carbon bulking. Kada a taɓa zuba bleach, septic chemicals, ko pine cleaner a cikin drum na ɗaki mai ɗaci, kamar yadda sinadarai ke kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na thermophilic/mesophilic aerobic kuma suna barin ku da najasar sinadari mai guba. Zuba ruwan lelejin da ya wuce kima daga bawul ɗin ƙasa zuwa cikin jerrycan ɗin da aka rufe a gauraya a busassun gansakuka, coir ɗin kwakwa, ko busasshiyar ciyawa don dawo da aljihunan iska.

flowchart TD
    A["Rijiyar Ruwa ta Kashe-Grid ko Gaggawar Tsaftar Ruwa"] --> B{"Wanne Tsarin Kashe-Grid ya gaza?"}
    B -->|"Gurbacewar Ruwan Ruwa (Matattu Dabba, Wari, Ambaliyar ruwa)"| C["Rufe Babban Rijiyar Bawul zuwa Fam ɗin Gidan Nan da nan"]
    B -->|"Rashin Takin Bayan gida (Kamshin Anaerobic, Slurry, kwari)"| D{"Menene Alamar Takin Bayan gida?"}
    B -->|"Greywater Drain Bututu daskararre mai ƙarfi a cikin hunturu"| E["Dakatar da Ruwa na Cikin Gida/Magudanar Ruwa + Canja zuwa Buckets Kama na Cikin Gida"]
    C --> F{"Tsananin Gurbacewar Ruwa?"}
    F -->|"Mutuwar Dabba, Najasa, ko Ruwan Ambaliyar Ruwa a Tanki"| G["Fitar da Tanki Gabaɗaya + goge bangon waje + Shock-Chlorinate a 50 zuwa 200 mg/L (ppm)"]
    F -->|"Mild Biofilm, Algae, ko Stale Odor Only"| H["Cikakken Tankin Shock-Chlorinate a 10 zuwa 50 MG/L (ppm) na awanni 12 zuwa 24 + Layin Flush"]
    D -->|"Ambaliyar Ruwa / Ammoniya & Ruɓaɓɓen-Kwai Kamshi"| I["Matsar da Lechate mai Wurin Ruwa + Haɗa A Busassun Coir/Sawdust + Share Bututu Fan/Ala"]
    D -->|"Naman gwari Gnats / Soja Fly Larvae Barkewar Cutar"| J["Rufe Tari tare da 8 cm (3 in) Busasshen Duniya na Diatomaceous & Coir + Tarkon Vinegar mai zafi"]
    E --> K["Nemo Toshe Ice a Maɓalli/P-Trap + Narke tare da Ruwan Gishiri mai zafi ko Wet-Vac Tube"]

Gaggawa Sashi na 1: Ceto gurɓataccen rijiyar ruwan sama ko tankin ajiya¶

Lokacin da rijiyar girbin ruwan sama ko tankin ajiyar ruwa ya zama gurɓata, dole ne a zaɓi tsakanin ** In-Place Shock Chlorination ** (lokacin da ruwan ya bushe kuma ba shi da gawa ko ambaliya, amma yana da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta, warin biofilm, ko algae) da ** Cikakkiyar Drain, gogewa, da High-Dosedent, Dimanfedent (mace) lokacin da tsuntsu ya mutu. jemage, mai rarrafe, kwadi, ko ruwan ambaliya ya shiga cikin tanki). Don ƙarin ƙarfin kashe wutar lantarki da gaggauwa mai kyau, duba jagorar abokinmu akan kashe-grid hasken rana, ruwa, da sharar gida.

Mataki 1: Tsare tsaftataccen ruwan sha nan da nan a cikin kwandon lita 20 (gallon 5).¶

Kafin ki kwashe rabin yini kina matsewa ko gigita babban rijiyar ku, a ba da ruwa lita 20 zuwa 40 (galan 5 zuwa 10) a cikin kwantena masu tsaftataccen abinci don dangin ku su sha yanzu:

• Hanyar A: Tafasa Tafasa (Gold Standard): Tace ruwan gajimare ta hanyar tace kofi mai tsafta, tawul na takarda, ko rigar auduga mai naɗewa, sannan a kawo shi a ** tafasa mai ƙarfi don cikakken minti 1** (ko ** cikakkun mintuna 3** a sama da mita 2,000 / ƙafa 6,562). Bari ya huce a cikin tukunyar da aka rufe.
• Hanyar B: Gidan Bleach maras kamshi na gida (EPA / CDC Gaggawa na Gaggawa don 20-Liter / 5-Gallon Cans):** Idan ba ku da man fetur ko ikon tafasa ruwa, yi amfani da ** bayyananne, rashin ƙamshi na gidan ruwa sodium hypochlorite bleach ** (duba lakabin don ** 5% zuwa 8.25%) mara nauyi, rashin amfani da hypochlorite. ko bleach mai lafiya mai launi). Bari ruwan da aka gyara ya tsaya na tsawon mintuna 30** (minti 60 idan ruwan yayi sanyi ƙasa da 10°C/50F):

Mataki na 2: Yadda ake rike da matacciyar dabba (beraye, tsuntsu, ko kwadi) a cikin rijiyar¶

Idan ka buɗe ƙyanƙyasar binciken rijiyar kuma ka sami mataccen linzamin kwamfuta, squirrel, tsuntsu, maciji, ko kwaɗo yana yawo a cikin ruwa ko nutse a ƙasa:

1. Saba manyan nitrile ko safar hannu na roba da kariya daga ido. Gawawwakin rowa da namun daji a cikin ruwa na iya yada Leptospirosis (wanda ke shiga ta ƴan yankan fata a cikin fata ko fantsama a idanunku/baki) da Tularemia.
2. ** Cire gawar ta hanyar amfani da gidan wanka mai dogon hannu ko kayan aiki daga wajen tanki.** Sanya gawar a cikin jaka mai ruɗi biyu.
3. A zubar da gurbataccen rijiyar gaba daya idan gawa mai shayarwa ko mai rubewa ta kasance. Yayin da wasu magidanta na nesa suka yi kokarin girgiza-chlorinate cikakken tanki mai lita 10,000 (gallon-galan 2,640) bayan kamun kifin linzamin kwamfuta, rubewar nama na dabba yana fitar da sinadarin nitrogen mai nauyi, fats, da furotin mai guba da ke cinye sinadarin chlorine cikin sauri. (THMs)** da chloramines, da garkuwa da cututtukan hanji na ciki a cikin gutsuttsuran nama. Yi amfani da famfon ɗin da za a iya amfani da ku na ruwa ko bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa na ƙasa don fitar da gurbataccen ruwa a kan bishiyar da ba za a iya ci ba ko goga aƙalla mita 30 (ƙafa 100) ƙasa daga kowace rijiya ko lambu.
4. A wanke kuma a zubar da sludge na kasa a waje:
   • Yin aiki da gaske daga ** wajen ƙyanƙyasar manhole ** (kada ku taɓa hawa ciki), yi amfani da injin wanki ko bututun lambu da buroshi mai tsayi mai tsayi don goge bangon ciki da kasan rijiyar da babu kowa.
   • Fitar da ruwa mai datti ko rigar-vaccin da ruwa mai datti da laka na ƙasa har sai filin tanki ya bushe.

Mataki na 3: Madaidaicin EPA / WHO Teburin Shawarwar Chlorination don Manyan Rijiyoyi¶

Da zarar rijiyar ku ta cika da ruwa mai tsafta (ko kuma idan kuna girgiza cikakkiyar rijiyar don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na coliform, algae, da plumbing biofilm), dole ne ku ɗaga ƙwayar chlorine kyauta a cikin tanki da bututu na cikin gida, riƙe shi har zuwa awanni 12 zuwa 24**, sannan ku goge ko dechlorinate kafin sha.

• Wanne manufa chlorine maida hankali (ppm ko mg/L) ya kamata ku yi amfani da?
  • 50 mg/L (50 ppm) Chlorine Kyauta (EPA/CDC/ Texas TWDB Standard Shock): Ana amfani da shi don tsabtace rijiyar shekara-shekara, tabbataccen jimlar gwaje-gwajen coliform, ko bayan goge tanki mai tsafta. Rike na tsawon awanni 12 zuwa 24**, sannan a zubar da ruwan chlorinated ta cikin bututun gida (a kan titin tsakuwa ko nesa da magudanar ruwa) kafin a cika da ruwan sha mai sabo.
  • 200 mg/L (200 ppm) Wall-Scrub Solution (WHO / CDC High-Strength Surface Disinfection): If water is scarce in an arid climate and you cannot afford to fill and dump an entire 10,000-liter tank with 50 ppm water, mix a smaller batch (such as 100 liters / 25 gallons) at 200 ppm (kusan ** 1 kofin / 250 ml na 8.25% bleach a kowace lita 100 / gallon 25 na ruwa **), goge ko fesa kowane santimita murabba'in na bangon rijiyar da babu komai da rufin tare da maganin 200 ppm ta amfani da goga mai dogon hannu ko mai fesa lambun, bar shi ya zauna jika don ** aƙalla 30 zuwa 60 mintuna, sa'an nan kuma a sake jujjuyawa a ƙasa tare da murfi. Ruwan da aka yi wa amintaccen 2 zuwa 5 ppm ragowar sha.

Teburin Kula da Cistern Chlorination (Amfani da Marasa ƙamshi 6% zuwa 8.25% Bleach na Gida)¶

Mataki na 4: Yadda ake girgiza bututun cikin gida da kare matatun UV / Carbon ku da tankin septic¶

Lokacin da kuka girgiza-chlorinate rijiyar a 50 ppm, ** bi waɗannan dokoki guda huɗu don kar ku lalata kayan aikin tacewa ko tsarin septic**:

1. ** Cire duk abubuwan da aka kunna Carbon da Reverse Osmosis (RO) tace harsashi KAFIN gudu 50 ppm ruwan chlorinated ta cikin gidan:**
   • Ajiye gidajen matattarar da ba komai a ciki don haka gidajen su sami kansu su tsaftace, ** amma a fara cire carbon block da RO membrane cartridges. Babban maida hankali 50 ppm bleach yana lalata RO membranes na dindindin kuma yana ƙyale ƙarfin tallan matatar carbon da aka kunna a cikin mintuna. (Musanya su da sabon siminti da carbon cartridges bayan kun fitar da ruwan chlorinated).
   • Tsaftace hannun quartz na Ultraviolet (UV) Fitilar Kaya tare da laushi mai laushi da vinegar/giya don cire ma'aunin ma'adinai don hasken UV ya iya shiga cikin cikakken \(40\rubu{mJ/cm}^2\) da zarar sabis ya dawo.
2. ** Cire ruwan chlorinated cikin kowane bututu mai zafi da sanyi na cikin gida:**
   • Kunna famfon ɗinku na ruwa ku buɗe kowace famfo mai zafi da sanyi, head shower, bawul ɗin kayan wanki, da bawul ɗin bandaki a cikin ɗakin ɗaya bayan ɗaya har sai kun ji wani ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshin bleach yana fitowa ta kowace famfo.
   • Kashe faucet ɗin kuma barin ruwan chlorinated na ppm 50 ya zauna a cikin rijiyar, tankin matsa lamba, injin ruwa, da bututun gida na awanni 12 zuwa 24**.
3. Kada a taɓa zubar da ruwan rijiyar chlorinated 50 ppm a cikin tanki na septic ko takin gadon ruwan toka:
   • Fitar da dubunnan lita na 50 ppm ruwan bleach a cikin cikin gida a cikin tanki na septic ko ruwa mai ruwan toka zai ** kashe kwayoyin cutar anaerobic/aerobic a cikin tsarin septic naka** kuma yana haifar da gazawar ruwa. Madadin haka, haɗa bututun lambu zuwa magudanar tanki na magudanar ruwa ko spigot na waje kuma ku fitar da ruwan chlorin a kan titin tsakuwa ko busasshiyar ƙasa mai nisa daga rafuka, rijiyoyi, da filayen leach.

Gaggawa Sashe na 2: Shirya matsala da ceton bayan gida na takin da ya gaza¶

Wuraren da ba a rufe ba, ƙananan gidaje, kwale-kwale na ruwa, da manyan motoci sun dogara sosai akan ko dai ** ɗakunan wanka na gyare-gyare masu ƙunshe da kansu ** (kamar Nature's Head, Airhead, Sun-Mar, BioLet, ko ɗakunan wanka na Separett mai karkatar da fitsari) ko ** sauƙaƙan lita 20 (gallon 5-gallon) zuwa na'urar bushewa ta wuta. Lokacin da ma'aunin Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, da Danshi ya lalace, bayan gida cikin hanzari ya koma rikicin tsaftar gida.

Binciken Gaggawa na Gaggawa na Toilet da Matrix Ceto¶

Gaggawa Sashi na 3: Narke bututun ruwan toka mai daskarewa¶

A cikin ɗakunan grid, ƙananan gidaje, da yurts da aka gina akan raƙuman ruwa ko skids ba tare da ginshiƙi mai zafi ba, ** 38 mm ko 50 mm (1.5-inch ko 2-inch) layin ruwan toka mai launin toka ** dauke da kwandon dafa abinci da ruwan shawa zuwa ga kwandon ciyawa ko ruwan toka mai ruwan toka shine akai-akai bututu na farko don daskare a lokacin ramin polar.

Me yasa bututun ruwan ruwan toka ke daskare duk da cewa ana tsammanin za su zubar da komai.¶

Ba kamar bututun samar da matsi waɗanda ke cike da ruwa 24/7, bututun magudanar ruwa ya kamata ya zama fanko da nauyi. Koyaya, magudanan ruwan toka na waje suna daskarewa a cikin takamaiman tabo guda uku:

1. Tsarin P-Trap na cikin gida/Ƙarƙashin bene: Madaidaicin P-trap yana riƙe da hatimin ruwa na dindindin 50 zuwa 100 mm (2 zuwa 4 inch) don toshe iskar gas. Idan gidan bene ba a rufe shi ba ko P-trap yana rataye a cikin sanyin rarrafe ƙarƙashin wani ƙaramin gida ko sansanin, ruwan da ke tsaye yana daskarewa cikin ƙaƙƙarfan toshe kankara na dare.
2. ** A "Cikin Ciki" (Sag) ko Rashin Isasshen Tsallakewa a cikin bututu:** Idan mai sassauƙan tiyo ko bututun PVC ya sags tsakanin goyan baya, ko kuma yana da ƙasa da abin da ake buƙata ** 2 bisa dari gangara (digo 2 cm a kowace mita, ko digo ¼ inch da ƙafa)**, ɓangarorin bakin ciki na ruwan dumi suna kwantar da su a cikin siraran sirara ("glaciation") har sai bututun ya rufe gaba ɗaya.
3. ** Wurin Hasken Rana na Waje / Allon Basin Ciki:** Dusar ƙanƙara ko gina ƙanƙara a ƙarshen fitar da bututun dam ɗin dam ɗin waje, yana goyan bayan ƙanƙara a hankali sama da bututu zuwa gidan.

Ka'idar mataki-mataki don narke daskararre magudanan ruwan toka lafiya¶

1. Ka daina zubar da ruwa a cikin kwatami ko shawa nan da nan sannan ka sanya guga mai kama a karkashin P-trap. Kafin ka bude duk wani toshe mai tsabta ko P-trap Union, sanya guga mai lita 20 (gallon-5) da tsofaffin tawul a ƙarƙashin tarkon nutse, saboda bututun tsaye a sama da kankara yana cike da ƙazantaccen ruwan tasa wanda zai zube a ƙasan ka.
2. Duba wurin fitarwa na waje da farko (kashi 50 na daskarewa suna farawa a wurin fita):
   • Yi tafiya a waje zuwa inda bututun ruwan toka ke fita zuwa cikin kwandon ciyawa, tsakuwa, ko kumfa mai kutsawa.
   • A kwashe duk wani jakar dusar ƙanƙara da ke rufe mashigar, cire duk wani mazugi na kankara da ke toshe ƙarshen bututun, sannan a zuba tulun ** tafasasshen ruwa gauraye da gram 250 (kofu 1) na gishirin dutse ko gishirin tebur** a ƙarshen mashin idan an samu.
3. ** Narke karkashin-nutse ko rarrafe P-trap ba tare da fasa PVC ba:**
   • **Kada ku taɓa yin amfani da bututun buɗaɗɗen propane ** akan PVC ko ABS filastik bututun magudanar ruwa (yana narke filastik kuma yana ƙone ginin gida), kuma ** kada ku taɓa zuba magudanar ruwa (sodium hydroxide) magudanar ruwa a cikin bututu mai daskarewa **, saboda lye ba zai yanke ta cikin dogon toshewar kankara ba kuma zai bar ginshiƙi na makanta, sinadarai masu haɗari a zaune a cikin bututun ku yayin da kuke jira.
   • Madadin haka, kunsa P-tarkon daskararre da bututu da aka fallasa a cikin tawul ɗin wanka sannan a hankali a zuba ruwa mai zafi na ** zafi (ba mai ƙarfi ba)** akan tawul ɗin, ko kuma ku yi nufin na'urar bushewa 1,500W ko bindiga mai zafi akan * Low* (matsar da shi gabaɗaya don haka filastik baya wuce 60 ° C / 140 ° F) har sai kun ji.
4. Yi amfani da hanyar "Small-Tubing Siphon + Hot Brine" don daskare zurfin cikin bututun da aka binne ko ta bango:
   • Idan shingen kankara ya kai mita 2 zuwa 4 (ƙafa 6 zuwa 13) ƙasa da bututun cikin bango ko rarrafe inda ba za ku iya isa wajen bututun ba:
     1. Cire tarkon P-tarkon da ke ƙarƙashinsa ko buɗe tsaftataccen Y-fitting.
     2. Ciyar da tauri ** 6 mm zuwa 10 mm (¼-inch zuwa ⅜-inch) polyethylene mai sassauƙa ko bututun vinyl ** ƙasa a cikin bututun magudanar ruwa har sai ya taɓa fuskar filogin kankara.
     3. Haɗa mazugi zuwa ƙaramin bututun ku kuma zuba ** ruwan gishiri mai zafi ** (ruwan tafasa ya ɗan sanyaya kaɗan zuwa - 75 ° C / 165 ° F gauraye da matsakaicin narkar da gishirin tebur) ƙasa ƙaramin bututu. Jiragen ruwan brine masu zafi kai tsaye suna fuskantar fuskar dam ɗin kankara yayin da ruwan sanyi narke yana gudana baya daga cikin babban bututu zuwa cikin guga na kamawa a ƙasa.
     4. Ci gaba da tura ƙaramin bututun gaba santimita da santimita yayin da ƙanƙara ke narkewa har sai da toshewar ta fashe kuma ta ruga ƙasa.
5. Hana Sake Daskarewar Daren Yau ("Bucket-Bucket & Gyaran Tarkon Mara Ruwa"):
   • Da zarar an narke bututun a lokacin daskare na kwanaki da yawa, ** kar a taɓa barin jinkirin ɗigon ruwa ya gangara magudanar. Koyaushe tattara ruwan wankewa a cikin kwanon ruwa a cikin kwano sannan a zubar da ruwan zafi gaba ɗaya ** 4 zuwa 8 lita (gallon 1 zuwa 2) na ruwan zafi gaba ɗaya a cikin sauri guda ɗaya** don haka yana harbe har zuwa ƙarshen bututu kafin ya huce.
   • Idan P-tarkon ku na karkashin kasa ya daskare kowane dare, ko dai ku zuba ** 120 ml (½ kofin) na ruwan hoda mai guba mai guba RV / Marine Propylene Glycol Antifreeze ** (ko ruwan wanka na iska / shafa barasa; ** kada mai guba koren mota ethylene glycol ** idan ya maye gurbin ƙasa) a cikin tarko mara nauyi tare da ruwa na Silicon. (kamar HepvO bawul)**, wanda ke rufe wari da zanen iska mai sanyi ta amfani da hannun rigar elastomeric mai rufe kai wanda ke riƙe da ruwa na tsaye don daskare.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Zan iya amfani da allunan chlorine na wurin wanka (Trichlor) ko girgizawa (Calcium Hypochlorite) don lalata rijiyar ruwan sha na?¶

Dole ne ku yi taka tsantsan da sinadarai na wurin wanka. **Kada a taɓa amfani da allunan chlorine na wurin wanka na “tsayayyen” (Trichloroisocyanuric acid ko Sodium Dichloro-s-triazinetriurate) ko tafki mai ɗauke da algicides, clarifiers, ko cyanuric acid** a cikin rijiyar ruwan sha, saboda waɗannan abubuwan ƙari suna da guba don sha. Koyaya, ** tsarkakakken, Calcium Hypochlorite granular (HTH, yawanci 65% zuwa 73% akwai chlorine tare da sifili algicides ko cyanuric acid)** WHO, CDC, da EPA sun yarda da shi don kawar da ruwan sha. Don yin maganin chlorine mai daidai da bleach na gida daga granular 68% Calcium Hypochlorite, narke ** 1 heaping teaspoon (kimanin 5 zuwa 7 grams)** na granular calcium hypochlorite cikin ** 8 lita (2 US gallons)** na ruwa don ƙirƙirar 500 mg / L stock bayani, sa'an nan kuma gauraye 0 sassa na ruwa na al'ada 1 part na ppm. disinfection (ko haɓaka daidai gwargwado don girgiza tanki 50 ppm).

Ta yaya zan cire ɗanɗanon bleach mai ƙarfi da ƙamshi daga ruwan rijiyar idan zan sha lokacin gaggawa?¶

Idan dole ne ku sanya chlorinate rijiyar ku ko gwangwani 20-gallon (5-gallon) na ruwa a 5 zuwa 10 ppm don aminci kuma kuna buƙatar shan ruwan a yanzu, zaku iya cire chlorine da ya wuce kima ta hanyoyi uku: ** (1) Aeration da Hasken Rana:** Zuba ruwan baya da gaba tsakanin kwantena guda biyu mai tsabta sau da yawa kuma bar shi ya zauna a cikin 'yan sa'o'i na iska; **(2) Kunna Carbon Pitchers:** Zuba ruwan chlorined ta hanyar daidaitaccen gidan da aka kunna matatar tukunyar carbon (kamar Brita ko ZeroWater tulu), wanda ke tube chlorine kyauta akan lamba; ko **(3) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Neutralization:** Hukumar EPA da USDA ta Amurka ta amince da su, suna motsa ɗan kankanin tsunkule (**kusan 40 zuwa 50 milligrams** na tsantsar ascorbic Acid / Vitamin C a kowace lita na ruwa) yana rage chlorine kyauta zuwa mara lahani, mara ɗanɗano a cikin chloride 60 seconds. (Kawai ƙara Vitamin C *bayan* chlorine ya riga ya zauna don lokacin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na mintuna 30 zuwa 60).

Shin yana da lafiya in shawa ko wanke jita-jita da gurɓataccen ruwan rijiyar idan na rufe bakina?¶

Idan mataccen romo, jemage, ko ambaliya ya gurɓata rijiyar ku, **kada ku yi wanka ko wanke jita-jita da ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba** kafin girgiza tanki. Shuwagabannin shawa suna sanya ruwa ya zama ɗigon hazo mai kyau wanda ke shiga cikin idanunku, hanci, da huhu, kuma *Leptospira* ƙwayoyin cuta daga fitsarin rodent na iya shiga kai tsaye ta cikin ƙwayoyin mucosa (ido, hanci, baki) ko ƴan ƙaramar aske nick/hangnail a fata. A wanke jita-jita da kuma yin wanka na soso kawai tare da tafasasshen ruwa ko ruwan chlorin da ya dace da kyau har sai an cika zagayowar girgizar rijiyar chlorination.

Har yaushe za'a yi maganin sharar gida daga takin bayan gida a cikin kwandon waje kafin a yi amfani da shi a kusa da bishiyoyi?¶

Dakin da ke cikin ɗakin bayan gida na takin ciki (kamar Nature's Head ko Sun-Mar) ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai don isa ga zafin zafi na gaskiya ($55^\circ\rubutu{C}$ zuwa $65^\circ\rubutu{C}$ / $131^\circ\rubutu{F}$ zuwa $149^\circ\rubutu ana buƙatar kashewa da sauri{F}$) (*Ascaris lumbricoides*). A cewar **Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO)** da **EPA / jagororin kiwon lafiya na jiha**, sai dai idan kun kiyaye takin takin na waje wanda aka tabbatar da takin zafin jiki mai tsayi sama da **$55^\circ\rubutu{C}$ ($ 131^\circ\rubutu{F}$) na akalla kwanaki 15 a jere na $50** (ko wasu kwanaki 15 a jere)* na yanayi mesophilic humanure dole ne a tsufa / warkewa a cikin rufi, rodent-proof waje kwanon rufi ga ** akalla 12 zuwa 24 cikakken watanni ** bayan ƙarar ƙarshe kafin a shafa shi keɓance a kusa da bishiyoyi da ciyayi waɗanda ba za a iya ci ba (ba a taɓa cin tushen amfanin gona ko ganyaye danye ba).

An duba tushe¶

• Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO): * Bayanan fasaha akan ruwan sha, tsaftar tsafta da tsafta a cikin gaggawa: Tsaftace da Kashe Tankunan Ruwa da Tankoki (Labaran Fasaha Na 3) & Sharuɗɗa don Amintaccen Amfani da Ruwan Shara, Excreta da Ruwan Grey (Juzu'i na 4)* (Na Duniya).
• Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA): Kwantar da Ruwan Sha na Gaggawa (EPA 816-F-15-003) & Tsarin Septic da Jagorar Shock-Chlorination na Cistern (Amurka).
• Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC): Ruwa, Tsaftar muhalli, da Tsaftar Muhalli: Ƙirƙirar da Ajiye Ruwan Gaggawa & Kashe Rijiyoyin Girbin Ruwan Sama (Amurka).
• ** Hukumar Haɓaka Ruwa ta Texas (TWDB):** * Littafin Texas akan Girbin Ruwan Sama, Fitowa na 3: Ingancin Ruwa, Rushewar Farko, da Lissafin Tsaftar Rijiyar Ruwa* (Amurka).
• Kungiyar Shirye-shiryen Bala'i na Yanki (RDPO) & Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a Seattle/King County: Twin-Bucket Protocol Tsabtace Tsaftar Gaggawa na Gaggawa ga Bala'i da Kasawar Kayan Aikin Gina-Grid (Amurka).

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Kashe-grid hasken rana, ruwa, da gazawar sharar gida
• Van rai da abin hawa abubuwan gaggawa
• Tsaftataccen tsafta, wanki, shawa, da kula da hakori yayin da ba a gida
• Rayuwa mara gida da matsanancin yanayin yanayi
• Jagorar lambobin gaggawa