Doki Colic: Mirgina tashin hankali, Pawing, Kallon Flank, Rashin Sauti na Gut, da Me yasa Tafiya Keɓaɓɓen Volvulus Ba Zai Iya Maye gurbin Tiyata ba.¶

A ko'ina cikin kowane horo, nau'in, da salon gudanarwa a cikin duniyar equine, Maɗaukakin Ciwon Ciki ("Colic") shine ** lamba-daya mai kashe dawakan gida (Equus caballus)** bayan tsufa. Ba kamar shanu ko karnuka ba, dokin yana da nau'in ƙwayar cuta mai rauni na musamman wanda aka ƙera don ci gaba da kiwo a hankali wanda ke juyar da duk wani haɓakar iskar gas, busasshiyar ciyarwa, ko ƙaurawar hanji zuwa rikicin da ke barazana ga rayuwa: (1) hanyar tsokar zuciya sphincter (1)lower esophageal sphincter) a ƙofar ɗan ƙarami 8-to-15-Liter ciki wanda a zahiri yana hana doki yin amai ko toshewa, ma'ana idan ruwa da iskar gas ya dawo daga karamar hanji.enterogastric reflux), cikin doki zai fashe a zahiri 100% fatal within hours* sai dai idan likitan dabbobi ya wuce nasogastric (NG) bututu don kawar da matsa lamba; da (2) mai girma, 3.5-meter-long (11.5-foot), 80-to-100-Liter Hawan Babban Colon wanda ke shawagi cikin yardar rai a cikin ciki anga shi KAWAI a gindinsa (the right dorsal colon and cecocolic fold, yana barin duka hanjin ya juye akan ligament na nephrosplenic ko ** karkatarwa 180 to 720 degrees akan samar da jinin haila (Large Colon Volvulus).

Abin da ke raba dawakai da ke tsira daga mummunan colic daga dawakai da suka mutu ko kuma suna buƙatar euthanasia shine ** sanin farko game da raunin tiyata mai banƙyama a lokacin "Golden 2-to-4-Hour Window" ** da kuma guje wa tatsuniyoyi uku masu zurfi: ** (1) labarin da ke tafiya doki akai-akai na tsawon sa'o'i "yana tafiya daga doki" a hankali da kuma raunata kanta yayin da kuke jiran likitan dabbobi 360-degree Volvulus zuwa gaji yana hanzarta girgiza endotoxic kuma bai taɓa warware ƙwayar hanji ba; ** (2) tatsuniya cewa allurar Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) cikin tsokar wuyan doki (IM) yana da lafiya mai saurin gyarawa** (intramuscularly Banamine yana haifar da ** m * Clostridium * gas gangrene / myonecrosis (30%+ mortality)** da kuma rufe fuska da hauhawar bugun zuciya da radadin jujjuyawar tiyata har sai hanji ya zama baki da necrotic); da (3) jira 8 zuwa 12 hours a sito "don ganin ko kashi na biyu na Banamine yana aiki" kafin haɗa tirelar doki. Lokacin da doki yana da ** Strangular Large Colon Volvulus *** ko ƙananan hanji ** Epiploic Foramen Entrapment **, murɗaɗɗen hanji yana rasa venous da jini na jijiya nan da nan: an kai shi asibitin equine a cikin awanni 2 zuwa 4 ***, tsira ya wuce ** 80% zuwa 90% na jira a ƙasa *** 80% na jira. *20% zuwa 30%**. Idan dokinku yana yin karo a yanzu, kira likitan dabbobin ku nan da nan, tuntuɓi yankin ku lambobin gaggawa idan doki mai birgima ya buge shi ko kuma ya murkushe shi, kuma a yi bitar ƴan uwanmu a kai kumburin dabbobi, rumen tympany, da bututun ciki, ciyawa barn konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba da rigar alfalfa, kuma guba mai guba, giant hogweed, da ciyawa mai guba.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Kira likitan dabbobin ku nan da nan a alamar farko ta colic, KAR KU "jiran awa daya don ganin ko ta wuce" kuma KAR KU ba da wani magani mai zafi.Banamine, Bute, ko Dipyrone) Kafin yin magana da likitan dabbobi. Faɗa wa likitan dabbobi ainihin halayen doki da 5 Barn Vitals (Rashin Zuciya, Launin Gum / Lokacin Ciki, Sauti 4-Quadrant Gut, Zazzabi na Rectal, da Dijital Pulses).
2. ** Cire DUKAN ciyawa, hatsi, dusar ƙanƙara, da kayan kwanciya da ake ci (bambaro/shavings) daga rumfar ko paddock nan da nan, yayin da ake barin ruwa mai tsafta sai dai in dokin yana murƙushewa da ƙarfi.
3. KADA KA TABA shiga cikin ƙarami 3.6 x 3.6 meter (12 x 12 foot) rumfar kwali da dokin da ke jefar da kansa kasa yana birgima da karfi. A 500-kg (1,100-lb) doki a cikin matsanancin ciwon ciki yana makanta ga kasancewar ɗan adam kuma yana iya murkushe ku a bangon rumfa (causing fatal human pelvic/chest trauma). Matsar da doki zuwa ** karami, mai taushin ƙafafu, filin da ke kewaye, alƙalami mai zagaye, ko ciyawar ciyawa* idan lafiyayyen jagora, kuma tsaya a kafadar dokin a sarari.
4. **Tafiya dokin a hankali na tsawon mintuna 15 zuwa 20 KAWAI idan dokin yana ƙoƙarin yin birgima da ƙarfi, KADA KA IYA tafiya da doki gajiye, shiru don gajiyawa.sternal recumbency) ba tare da sun yi jifa ko jifa da bango ba, a bar doki ya huta a nitse. Sabanin tsoffin tarihin sito, doki na birgima a ƙasa ba ya sa hanji ya karkace; a maimakon haka, ** hanjin ya riga ya karkace (ko kuma ya rabu da iskar gas), kuma sakamakon zafi mai tsanani ya sa doki ya yi birgima ***.
5. KADA KA YARDA Flunixin MeglumineBanamine) cikin tsokar doki (IM), kuma KADA KA YI squirt mai allura Banamine cikin idanun doki (only give IV into the jugular vein or orally into the mouth if explicitly instructed by your vet). Ciki Banamine yana canza tsoka pH kuma yana haifar da lalacewar nama wanda ke kunna barci *** Clostridium septicum / Clostridium perfringens * spores ***, yana haifar da Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Malignant Edema / Gas Gangrene"), babban kumburin wuyansa mai guba wanda ke kashe kusan 1 cikin 3 dawakai.
6. Kaɗa tirelar dokinka (ko kiran gaggawar equine hauler) YANZU yayin da kake jiran likitan dabbobi ya zo. Idan dokin ** bugun zuciya ya hau sama. 60 beats per minute (bpm), danko yana da ja-bulo-ja ko purple, sautin gut shiru ne a cikin dukkanin 4 quadrants, ko kuma ciwo mai tsanani ya dawo cikin ** 1 zuwa 2 hours ** bayan ciwon daji / analgesia, doki kusan yana da ** strangulation (surgeral strangulation).Volvulus ko Small Intestinal Entrapment) kuma dole ne ya kasance a kan hanyar zuwa asibitin equine tiyata nan da nan.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: Barn Triage na Equine Colic: Tasirin Lafiya/Gas vs. Strangulation TiyaVolvulus) vs. Colitis¶

Yi amfani da wannan taswirar jigilar dabbobi don tantance ainihin alamun asibiti 5 na dokin ku kuma tantance ko kuna ma'amala da colic na likita, murɗaɗɗen hanji na tiyata, ko kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓi.

flowchart TD
    A["Doki Yana Nuna Alamomin Colic: Pawing, Kallon Flank, Curling Lap (Flehmen), Kwanciya akai-akai, ko Mirgina Mummunan"] --> B{"Cire Duk Ciyarwa Nan da nan & Bincika Mahimmancin Barn 5 Lafiya (Matsayi na Zuciya, Gums/CRT, Temperat Temp, Sauti 4-Quadrant Gut Sauti, Dijital Pulses)"}
    B -->|"MATSALAR RECTAL> 38.6 C (101.5 F): Maƙarƙashiya, kashe abinci, alamun colic masu laushi, bulo-jajayen gumi, tare da saniya-pie ko zawo na ruwa"| C["CUTE COLITIS MAI CUTAR CIWAN CIWO (Zazzabin Doki na Potomac, Salmonella, Coronavirus, Clostridia, ko NSAID Dama Dorsal Colitis)"]
    B -->|"RASHIN RASHIN RASHIN RASHI: Jifa jiki zuwa ƙasa, kumburin ciki, gumi, Yawan Zuciya> 60-80+ bpm, CRT> 2.5-3 sec, ja / purple gums, Gut SILENT"| D["TSAYAR DA SAURAN TURAWA (Babban Colon Volvulus, Ƙaramin Epiploic/Cikin Ciwon Hanji, ko Ƙunƙarar Ƙarfafawa)"]
    B -->|"RASHIN TSARA-ZO-SAUKI: Pawing, mikewa, kwance a hankali, Rawan Zuciya 36-52 bpm, Pink Moist Gums (CRT <2s), Temp Al'ada (<38.3 C)"| E["SIMPLE MEDICAL COLIC TRIAGE (Spasmodic/Gas Colic, Pelvic Flexure Impaction, or Sand/Enterolith Obstruction)"]
    C --> F["BIOSECURITY & FLUID GAGGAN: 1. Ware Doki Nan da nan (BathBath + Gloves) 2. KAR KU BA DA NSAIDs Kafin Vet Checks Hydration 3. M Fluids na IV + Polymyxin B / Plasma + Ice Boots akan Duk 4 Hooves (Hana Laminitis)"]
    D --> G["MAGANAR TSAKIYAR TSARKI (Kowane Minti 30 Kidaya): 1. Kiyaye Mai Hannu Lafiya a Buɗe Wuri 2. Load Trailer Nan da nan 3. Vet Yana Wucewa NG Tube nan da nan don Rage Ciki (Hana Fatal Gastric Rupture) + IV Fluids -> Tiyata"]
    E --> H["Jarrabawar Likitan Dabbobi akan Noma: 1. Nasogastric (NG) Tube (Duba don> 2 L Reflux & Gudanar da Ruwa + Electrolytes + Laxative) 2. Rectal Palpation / Portable Ultrasound 3. Single Vet-Directed IV Analgesic/Antispasmodic (Buscopan / Xylnazine)"]
    H --> I{"Shin jin zafi yana dawowa cikin sa'o'i 1 zuwa 2 na maganin dabbobi, KO yana hawan Zuciya> 60 bpm, KO akwai> Lita 4 na NG Reflux?"}
    I -->|"Ee: Ciwon nasara, tashin HR, ko tabbataccen NG reflux"| G
    I -->|"A'a: Doki ya zauna lafiya, ya wuce taki, sautin hanji ya dawo"| J["Ci gaba da Azumin Jagororin Vet -> Sake Ciyarwa A hankali (Jika Mash -> Ƙananan Hannu na Hay) Sama da Awanni 48-72"]

Kashi na 1: Kwatancen asibiti na Manyan Nau'o'in Horse Colic guda 5¶

Kusan ** 80% zuwa 85% na cututtukan colic na equine suna warwarewa tare da jiyya na gonaki , yayin da ** 15% zuwa 20% ƙaurawar injina ne, tasiri, ko karkatar da hankali (volvulus) wanda ke buƙatar maganin ruwa na asibiti mai tsanani ko Celiotomy exploratory gaggawa ( tiyatar colic).

Sashe na 2: Zurfafa Nitsewa: Yadda ake Bincika Mahimman Barn 5 Kafin Kira Likitan Dabbobinku¶

Lokacin da kuka kira likitan dabbobi na equine a karfe 2:00 na safe don doki mai yawo, ba su waɗannan ** lambobi biyar na haƙiƙa ** ta wayar tarho suna gaya musu nan da nan ko suna buƙatar saduwa da ku akan babbar hanyar zuwa asibitin tiyata ko kuma ku zo wurin ku don aikin motsa jiki. (Koyaushe ka ba da fifiko ga lafiyarka: idan dokin yana jefa kansa da ƙarfi a ƙasa, KAR KA YI yunƙurin ɗaukar zafin jiki na dubura ko sauraron gefen gefe.)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       THE 5 EQUINE COLIC BARN VITALS & SURGICAL RED-FLAG THRESHOLDS         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1. HEART RATE (Stethoscope Behind Left Elbow OR Facial Artery Under Jaw):  |
|     - Normal Adult Resting HR:     28 to 40 beats per minute (bpm)          |
|     - Mild / Medical Colic:        40 to 52 bpm                             |
|     - Moderate / Borderline:       52 to 60 bpm                             |
|     - SURGICAL RED FLAG:           > 60 bpm (and > 80 bpm = Severe Shock)   |
|                                                                             |
|  2. GUM COLOR (Mucous Membranes) & CAPILLARY REFILL TIME (CRT):             |
|     - Lift upper lip gently; press thumb against gum above upper corner     |
|       incisor for 2 seconds, release, and count seconds for pink to return. |
|     - Normal:   Moist, pale bubble-gum pink; CRT = 1 to 2 seconds.          |
|     - RED FLAG: Dry/tacky (dehydration), Pale/White (internal bleed/shock), |
|                 Brick-Red, Muddy, or Purple/Blue line around teeth          |
|                 ("Endotoxic Halo"); CRT > 2.5 to 4.0+ seconds.              |
|                                                                             |
|  3. FOUR-QUADRANT GUT SOUNDS (Auscultate Both Flanks, Upper & Lower):      |
|     - Listen for 30-60 seconds at: (1) Upper Left, (2) Lower Left,          |
|       (3) Upper Right (Cecum, should have a loud 'toilet-flush' sound      |
|       every 30-60 sec), and (4) Lower Right.                                |
|     - RED FLAG: Complete silence in all 4 quadrants ("Silent Abdomen" =     |
|                 ileus/strangulation) OR high-pitched metallic 'pings'.      |
|                                                                             |
|  4. RECTAL TEMPERATURE (Stand Safely Against Left Hip, Tail Held Aside):    |
|     - Normal Adult Temp:  37.2 C to 38.3 C (99.0 F to 101.0 F)              |
|     - RED FLAG HIGH:      > 38.6 C (101.5 F) -> Suspect Infectious Colitis  |
|                           (Salmonella/PHF), Peritonitis, or Pleuropneumonia |
|     - RED FLAG LOW:       < 36.6 C (98.0 F) with high HR -> Endotoxic Shock |
|                                                                             |
|  5. HOOF TEMPERATURE & DIGITAL PULSES (Back of Fetlock / Pastern):          |
|     - Palpate medial & lateral digital arteries over the sesamoid bones.    |
|     - RED FLAG: Bounding, throbbing digital pulses + hot hooves -> Acute    |
|                 Endotoxic Laminitis ("Founder") triggered by gut toxins.    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Yadda ake Neman bugun Doki Ba tare da Stethoscope ba¶

Idan ba ku da stethoscope a cikin kayan aikin taimakon farko na sito, sanya yatsu biyu da ƙarfi a kan ** Facial Artery ** inda yake birgima a gefen ƙasa na ƙashin ƙashin ƙashin ƙasa (mandible), a gaban babban tsokar kunci mai zagaye (masseter). Ƙididdige bugun na 15 seconds kuma ninka da 4 don samun beats per minute (bpm).

Sashe na 3: Gaskiyar Tafiya Game da Tafiya Dokin Ƙwaƙwalwa, Juyawa, Da Me Yasa A Jikin Jiki Banamine Haramun ne¶

1. Shin Juyawa Yana Haɓaka Gut, kuma Nawa Ya Kamata Ka Tafiya Dokin Kashewa?¶

Daya daga cikin mafi dadewa da rashin fahimta wajen hawan doki shine "Kada ka bari doki mai kisa ya kwanta ko ya yi birgima, ko ya karkace hanjinsa, ya rinka tafiya da shi komai." - Haqiqanin Tiyatar Dabbobi: Likitocin fida a asibitocin koyarwa na jami'a sun tabbatar da cewa juyawa baya murza hanji na yau da kullun; maimakon haka, iskar iskar gas ko motsin motsi yana karkatar da hanjin da farko, kuma sakamakon tsananin zafin mesenteric ya tilasta dokin ya jefar da kansa ƙasa ya yi birgima. - Lokacin Tafiya Yana Taimakawa (da Kuma Lokacin Da Yake Ciki): - KI yi tafiya a hankali (15 to 20 minutes at a calm walk idan: ** (a)** doki yana da iskar gas / tasiri mai rauni, inda motsi mai laushi yana motsa motsin hanji (peristalsis) da kuma taimakawa wajen wuce gas; KO (b) dokin yana yunƙurin jefar da kansa ƙasa ya yi tagumi a cikin rumfa ko a kan shinge, inda tafiya ke kawar da hankalin doki kuma ya hana ** cutar da kansa (skull/orbital fractures, ruptured spleen, or casting itself upside-down against a wall). - KADA KADA KADA KADA KADA KASA KASA KASA KASA KASA DKI: Idan doki yana tafiya tsawon minti 20 zuwa 30, ya gaji, kuma kawai yana so ya kwanta a kan kirjinsa.sternal recumbency) ko kuma a miqe a gefensa ba tare da an yi tsiya ba******A DAINA TAFIYA a bar dokin ya kwanta a cikin amintaccen filin wasa mai zurfi mai zurfi ko ciyawar ciyawa. Tafiya ta tilastawa gajiye, dawakin dakon doki na tsawon sa'o'i yana rage glycogen, yana kara tsananta rashin ruwa da lactic acidosis, kuma yana hanzarta girgiza endotoxic.

2. Me yasa Flunixin MeglumineBanamine) Kada A Taba Allura A cikin tsoka (IM)¶

Yawancin masu doki suna ajiye kwalban allura Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine, 50 mg/mL) a cikin dakin taki kuma an jarabce su da su ba da a 10 mL harbi a wuya ko tsokar baya (IM) lokacin da doki ya taso. Kada kayi haka, saboda dalilai guda biyu na rayuwa ko-mutuwa: 1. ** M Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Gas Gangrene" / m Edema):** - Dawakai masu lafiya a zahiri suna ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin anaerobic Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens, da Clostridium chauvoei *** a cikin tsokoki na kwarangwal (waɗanda ke shiga daga hanji ko ramukan fata kuma suna kwance ba tare da lahani ba muddin tsokar tsoka tana da iskar oxygen). - Mai allura Banamine (pH about 8.2 to 8.5 tare da propylene glycol da phenol preservatives) yana da zafi sosai ga ƙwayoyin tsoka. Lokacin allura a cikin wuyansa ko tsokar gluteal, yana haifar da ** tsokar tsokar ischemic necrosis kuma yana sauke iskar oxygen na gida zuwa sifili . - A cikin sa'o'i 12 zuwa 48, Clostridium mai bacci yana tsiro a cikin wannan mataccen tsokar tsoka kuma ya saki alpha- da beta-exotoxins masu kashe wuyan doki, suna cika subcutis tare da kumfa mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi.crepitus), yana haifar da toxemia na tsarin, da ** kashe 25% zuwa 35%+ na dawakai da abin ya shafa ** ko da tare da lalatawar tiyata na gaba ɗaya gefen wuyansa. - ** Dokokin Hanyar Amintacciya: Idan likitan dabbobi ya umurce ka ta wayar tarho don gudanar da aikin. Banamine (bayan kun ba da rahoton mahimman abubuwa 5), ko dai ku sayi FDA-amince Banamine Paste, ko zana ruwan alluran Banamine a cikin sirinji ** BA TARE DA allura ba* sai a murza shi ** da baki a cikin kusurwar bakin doki** (absorbs into the bloodstream in 30 to 45 minutes, almost as fast as an IM shot, with ZERO risk of Clostridial gas gangrene or carotid artery injection). Likitan dabbobi ko ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren venipuncture na aseptic ya kamata ya gudanar. IV Banamine (rasa jijiyar jugular da allura a cikin carotid artery yana haifar da kamun kai da mutuwa nan take). 2. ** Yin Fuskantar Volvulus Tiya:** - Banamine cyclooxygenase mai ƙarfi ne (COX) mai hanawa wanda ke toshe ciwon visceral na prostaglandin kuma yana toshe zafin farko / tachycardia na endotoxemia. - Idan doki yana da wuri ** yana murkushe ƙananan ciwon hanji ko hanji volvulus , bayarwa Banamine kafin likitan dabbobi ya zo zai iya sa dokin ya tsaya a hankali ya yi nisa na tsawon awanni 2 zuwa 4 yayin da madauki na hanji ya sha wuyar ischemic necrosis a bayan fage.

Sashe na 4: Abin da Likitan Dabbobin Dabbobi Zai Yi A Wurin & Yadda Ake Gane Ƙarya "Farawa Mu'ujiza" (Gastric Rupture)¶

1. Aiki Akan Noma Veterinary Colic Workup¶

Lokacin da likitan dabbobi ya zo, sai a shirya guga na ruwan dumi, madaidaicin, da haske mai kyau: 1. NasogastricNG) Intubation (Cusar Tubin Ciki): Dukansu * gwajin gwaji** da maganin ceton rai. Likitan dabbobi ya wuce bututu sama da hanci zuwa cikin ciki kuma ya haifar da siphon. - A al'ada, cikin equine yana haifar da haɓaka < 1 to 2 Liters ruwa. - Idan 4 to 15+ Liters na rashin kamshi, orange-launin ruwan kasa, alkaline (pH > 6) ruwan kankanin hanji yana fita (Positive Nasogastric Reflux, ƙananan hanji yana toshewa ta hanyar inji (strangulation ko anterior enteritis), kuma likitan dabbobi ya ceci ciki daga fashewa. - Idan akwai ** reflux zero , famfo na dabbobi 4 to 8 Liters na ruwan dumi, daidaita electrolytes, da Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom gishiri, 0.5 to 1 g/kg) ko Mineral Oil (2 to 4 Liters a cikin ciki don shayar da babban tasirin hanji. 2. Madaidaicin Palpation & Motsa Jiki na CikiFLASH Exam): Yana Gano tasirin juzu'in ƙashin ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu, cecum mai rarrabuwar iskar gas, matsatsin igiyoyin mesenteric, ko ƙananan madaukai na hanji da aka faɗa. > 5 cm (2 inches) tare da kauri edematous ganuwar (> 4 mm). 3. Abdominocentesis ("Cikin Tap"): Ruwan cikin peritoneal na al'ada shine ** bayyanannen bambaro-rawaya (lactate < 2 mmol/L). ** Serosanguinous (mai launin jini ko launin ruwan kasa) ruwan peritoneal tare da haɓakar lactate (> 4 mmol/L** yana tabbatar da wani bangare na hanji ya shake, yana wajabta yi masa tiyata nan take.

2. Tarkon Mafi Muni a Magungunan Equine: Kwatsam "Raunin Raɗaɗi" Daga Rushewar Ciki ko Cecal¶

Idan doki ya kasance a cikin ** tashin hankali ciwon ciki na sa'o'i ** tare da bugun zuciya na 80 to 100 bpm kuma ** ba zato ba tsammani, cikin mintuna 5**, ya daina birgima, ya tsaya cak tare da rataye kansa ƙasa, ya yi kama da "lafiya": - Kada ku ɗauka cewa colic ya warke da kansa. A duba gumi, bugun jini, da fata nan da nan. - Idan dokin yana ** yana tsaye babu motsi, yana rawar jiki, yana jike da gumi mai sanyi, tare da bugun zuciya 100 to 120+ bpm, shunayya/ laka, da faɗuwar zafin dubura (< 36.5 C / 97.7 FCikin ciki ko cecum ya fashe (perforated cikin ciki. - Da zarar bangon ciki ya tsage ya buɗe, masu karɓa suna daina harbe-harbe (don haka juzu'in zafi ya ɓace), yayin da 15 Liters Acid na ciki da kwayoyin cuta suna mamaye kogin peritoneal, suna haifar da girgizar septic a cikin awanni 1 zuwa 3*.

(Don abubuwan gaggawa na dabbobi da gonaki, duba Kumburi na Dabbobi: makiyayan legume mai kumfa, rumen tympany, bututun ciki, da gaggawar trocar, Hay barn konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba da rigar baled alfalfa, kuma Guba hemlock, giant hogweed, da ciyawa mai guba.)

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Kumburi na Dabbobi: makiyayan legume mai kumfa, rumen tympany, bututun ciki, da gaggawar trocar
• Hay barn konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, rigar baled alfalfa, da mashigin binciken thermometer
• Guba hemlock, katuwar hogweed, da ciyawar daji masu guba
• Kaji bayan gida mura avian, cin zarafin mafarauta, da damuwa zafi na dabbobi
• Lambobin gaggawa

Tushen da jagorar hukuma¶

• Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Equine ta Amurka (AAEP): *Equine Colic: Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ciki, Ƙunƙarar Nasogastric, da Ƙwararren Farko *.
• ** Ƙungiyar Likitan Dabbobi ta Biritaniya (Equine Veterinary Association)BEVA), Ƙungiyar Horse ta Biritaniya (BHS), & Jami'ar Nottingham:** Rikicin Yanzu don Kare Kamfen Bambance-bambancen Shaidar Colic.
• ** College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Amurka)ACVIM) & ACVS:** Bayanin Ijma'i akan Babban Colon Volvulus, Ƙaramin Ƙarƙashin Hanji, da Clostridial Myonecrosis daga IM Flunixin Meglumine.
• Merck Veterinary Manual: Overview of Colic in Horses: Gastric Rupture, Pelvic Flexure Impaction, and Endotoxic Laminitis.