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Dan Uwa ko Amintaccen Boye Wasiyya, ƙin Ƙirar Kuɗi, ko Rayuwa a Gidan Estate Kyauta.

Lokacin da iyaye ko dangi suka mutu kuma ɗan'uwa ko ɗan'uwa mai suna a matsayin Mai zartarwa (Wakili na Kai) ko Mataimakin Mataimakin ya ƙi raba kwafin Ƙarshe na Ƙarshe da Alkawari ko Living Trust, ya yi watsi da watanni na rubutu da imel da ke tambaya game da asusun banki na ƙasa, yana motsawa zuwa gidan iyayen mamaci ba hayar hayar ba tare da biyan harajin kadarori da kadarori na sirri. dukiya da kudaden banki kafin ma a bude probate, masu cin gajiyar na fuskantar gaggawar amintaccen gaggawa. Yawancin magada sun yi kuskuren yin imani cewa suna "Mai zartarwa" a cikin Wasiƙar ko "Majiɓincin Magaji" a cikin Amintaccen Rayuwa na Revocable yana ba wa ɗan'uwan ikon mallakar kansa marar iyaka ko ikon mulkin kama-karya a kan kadarorin iyaye. A karkashin ** Uniform Probate Code (UPC) , da ** Uniform Trust Code (UTC), da kuma dokokin shari'a na duk jihohin Amurka 50, Kanada, United Kingdom, Tarayyar Turai, da Ostiraliya, mai zartarwa ko amintaccen * amintaccen lauya ne * * wanda ke riƙe da ** ikon da ba shi da ikon yin aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa ta hanyar mai zartarwa har sai an nada shi a matsayin mai zartarwa. uncompromising Wajibi na Aminci, Wajabcin Rashin Ban Sha'awa, da Wajabcin Sanarwa da Asusu ga kowane mai cin gajiyar, kuma yana da alhakin kuɗaɗen kansa na kansa (batun ƙarin cajin Kotu akan nasu rabon gadon)* ga kowane dala na mu'amala da kai, haɗaɗɗen kuɗi, ko Rent-kasuwar da ba a biya ba. Idan arangama da wani ɗan'uwa a gidan iyayen mamacin ya ƙaru zuwa barazanar jiki, kullewa, ko warware zaman lafiya, koma aƙalla mitoci 10 (ƙafa 33) zuwa titin jama'a kuma ku kira yankin ku. lambobin gaggawa nan da nan; duba kuma Makullin shari'a, daskarewar gidaje, da hukumar gaggawa ta zartarwa, Dattijo mai kiyayewa, soke ikon lauya, da sata na amana, kuma Matsalolin akwatin ajiya mai aminci: Akwatunan da aka hako, ɓoyewa, da samun damar mutuwa.

Yi wannan yanzu

  1. Kare lafiyar jikinka kuma kada ka taba yin cacar baki akan kadarorin gado a gidan wanda ya rasu. Idan dan uwa ya canza makullin gidan iyayenka da suka rasu, ya yi maka barazana a titi, ko ya fara loda manyan motoci da kayan kadarorin gida, kada ka tilasta shiga. Tsaya a bakin titi na jama'a, ɗauki hoton bidiyo na lokuta na kowane manyan motoci masu motsi ko faranti daga titi, kuma a kira yankin ku lambobin gaggawa idan barazana ta faru.
  2. **Tabbatar ko an shigar da wasiyyar a Kotun Probate / Surrogate's Court a cikin wajabcin kwanaki 10 zuwa 30 na doka. zuwa kwanaki 30 bayan sanin mutuwar *** (misali, ** kwanaki 30 *** a California [Prob. Code Section 8200], ** 10 days ** a Florida [Fla. Stat. Section 732.901], ** 30 days ** in Texas [Estates Code Sashe 252.201], da kuma ** 30755 days * / 5 Illinois Bincika dokitin kan layi na Kotun Probate / Surrogate's Court a gundumar da iyayenku ke zaune. Idan ba a gabatar da wasiyyar ba, ba da buƙatu na yau da kullun kuma shigar da **Kora don Tilasta Ƙarfafa Wasiyin ***, wanda ke ɗauke da alhaki na kai ga duk ɓarnar kuɗi da aka samu ta hanyar jinkiri da yuwuwar raina farar hula don ɓoyewa da gangan.
  3. Idan iyayenku suna da Amintaccen Rayuwar Rayuwa (wanda ya zama Ba za'a iya canzawa ba a mutuwa), ku ba da buƙatun rubutaccen buƙatu don cikakkiyar Instrument Instrument da Sanarwa na Doka. A ƙarƙashin ** Lambar Amincewa ta Uniform (UTC) Sashe na 813** (da dokokin jihohi irin su ** Sashe na Probate Code na California 16061.7**) ba a buƙatar samun nasara ga duk wanda aka amince da shi. magada a cikin kwanaki 60 bayan mutuwar mazaunin kuma dole ne a gaggauta samar da cikakken kwafin Kayan Aminci da duk gyare-gyare akan buƙatun mai cin gajiyar.
  4. ** Idan mai suna Executor yana tsayawa kuma ya ƙi buɗe shari'ar don su zauna a gidan ba tare da haya ba, shigar da naku "Petition for Probate / Letters of Administration" nan da nan. ranakun mutuwar marigayin. Duk wani mai amfana, magaji, ko mai bin bashi na iya shigar da Kora don Probate yana neman kotu ta tilasta wa ɗan'uwan mai suna don cancanta a ƙarƙashin ** Fiduciary Surety Bond** ko nada ** kai (ko Mai Gudanar da Jama'a na tsaka tsaki / Fiduciary Professional Fiduciary)** a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa maimakon.
  5. ** Ku ba da rubutaccen sanarwa "Sanarwar Buƙatar Hayar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Hana akan Abubuwan Kayayyakin Kayayyakin da Aka Biya" idan ɗan'uwan yana zaune a cikin ƙasa ko amintaccen gidan. wanda ke zama na 100 bisa 100 na Ƙimar Hayar Kasuwa ta Wata-wata ("Rent Sana'a") da kashi 100 na kuɗin wutar lantarki, gas, ruwa, da intanet, suna cire kuɗin hayar kai tsaye daga rabonsu na rabon gado na ƙarshe.
  6. ** Yi fayil ɗin "Buƙatar Sanarwa ta Musamman" tare da magatakardar Kotun Probate a yau.** Karkashin ** Sashe na UPC 3-204** (misali, Sashe na Probate Code Sashe na 1250 na Florida ko "Caveat ta Mutum Mai Sha'awa" a ƙarƙashin Fla. Stat. Sashe na 731.110), yin rajistar shafi guda ɗaya tare da Mai ba da izini na musamman ** Buƙatar ku ga Kotu ta Musamman. a ba da shi bisa ƙa'ida tare da kwafin kowane shigar da kotu a gaba.

Ƙarfin Lauyan ya mutu a daidai lokacin da iyayenku suka mutu, kuma ana kiran su da 'Executor in a Will' yana ba da ikon banki sifili har sai alkali ya sanya hannu kan Haruffa.

Manyan laifuka guda biyu suna faruwa akai-akai bayan mutuwar iyaye: 1. Using an Expired Power of Attorney (POA) to Empty Bank Accounts: Under Uniform Power of Attorney Act Section 110(a)(1), a Power of Attorney terminates instantaneously at the exact minute of the principal's death. Kowane dala da aka canjawa wuri ta amfani da POA bayan mutuwa shine ** canzawar doka ba bisa ka'ida ba , sau da yawa yana haifar da lalacewar doka sau biyu ko sau biyu (2x zuwa 3x) akan ɗan'uwan (misali, ƙarƙashin Sashe na Sashe na Probate Code na California 859 ko ** Sashe na 2103 na New York SCPA). 2. ** Yin aiki a matsayin "Mai zartarwa" Ba tare da Wasiƙun da Kotu suka Bayar ba:** A ƙarƙashin ** Sashe na UPC 3-701**, **Babu mutumin da ke da ikon yin aiki a matsayin Mai zartarwa har sai an shigar da wasiyyar don yin shari'a kuma magatakardan kotu ya ba da hatimin wasiƙun Alkawari **.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: Tsarin aiki mai fa'ida akan ɗan damfara ko mai zartarwa / amintattu

flowchart TD
    A["Iyaye ko 'Yan uwa sun Mutu & 'Yan Uwa / Fiduciary Yana Toshe Bayani, Boye Kadai, ko Mallakar Gida"] --> B{"Menene cin zarafi na farko da ke faruwa a yanzu?"}
    B -->|"1. Dan Uwa Yana Boyewa Asalin Wasiyyar ko ƙin Raba Kwafin Dogara"| C{"Ana gudanar da kadarorin a ƙarƙashin Wasiƙar (Probate) ko Amintaccen Rayayyun?"}
    B -->|"2. An Nada Dan Uwa A Matsayin Mai Rikon Amana watannin da suka gabata & Ya Ki Samar da Inventory ko Accounting na Banki."| D["Hidima Buƙatar Rubuce-rubucen Kan Kayayyaki & Lissafi; Idan An Yi watsi da shi Bayan Kwanaki 30-60, Fayil 'Koke don Tilasta Ƙididdigar Shari'a ta Hukuma & Dakatar da iko'"]
    B -->|"3. 'Yan Uwa Suna Zaune A Gidan Mahaifiyar Marigayi Ba- Hayar Ba Da Jinkiri"| E["Ba da Rubuce-rubucen 'sanarwa na Buƙatar Hayar-Kasuwa ta Sana'ar Hayar & Ƙari'"]
    B -->|"4. 'Yan Uwa Sun Cire Asusun Banki Ta Amfani da POA da Ya Kare ko Kuɗin Ƙirarriya"| F["Fayil 'Koke don Gano Kayayyakin Boye & Ƙari' (Neman Lalacewar Dokokin 2x-3x + Daskare akan Raba Gadon Sibling + Cire)"]
    C -->|"Za (ko ba tabbata ba idan zai kasance)"| G["Doka ta Kwanaki 10 zuwa 30 (UPC § 2-516): Fayil 'Kora don Tilasta Samar da Wasi'+"]
    C -->|"Revocable Living Trust (Ya Zama Ba a iya Mutuwa a Lokacin Mutuwa)"| H["Kira UTC § 813 / Dokar Sanarwa ta Amintaccen Kwanaki 60 na Jiha: Ba da Buƙatar Rubutun Kwanaki 30 don Cikakkar Amincewa & Gyarawa, Sa'an nan kuma Kotun Ƙoƙari don Tilasta"]
    D --> I{"Shin Lissafin Lissafi ya Bayyana Bacewar Kudi, Cire Kuɗi da Ba a Bayyana ba, ko Harajin Gidajen da Ba a Biya ba?"}
    I -->|"Ee: An Tabbatar da Cin-kai ko Cin Hanci da Rashawa"| J["Fayil 'Abubuwan da Aka Yi wa Accounting, Ƙoƙarin Ƙirar Kuɗi Akan Raba Mai Fa'ida da Tabbaci na Fiduciary, da Ƙoƙarin Cire Mai zartarwa/Amintacce'"]
    I -->|"Dan Uwa Ya Karya Umurnin Kotu A Asusu"| K["Kotu Ta Bada Bayanin Ra'ayi, Nan da nan Ta Dakatar da Wasiƙun Alkawari, & Nada Magajin Mai Zartaswa ko Mai Gudanar da Jama'a Mai Tsatsaya"]

Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin kowane Mai zartarwa da Wakili dole ne su yi biyayya

Fiduciary Duty / Milestone ** Ranar ƙarshe na doka don EXECUTOR (Wasiƙar Probate)** Wayyadaddun Wa'adin Doka na MASU AMANA (Rayuwa Amintacce) Maganin Shari'a Idan 'Yan Uwa Ya Rasa Ranar Ƙaddara
1. Shigar da Asalin wasiyyar ko Bayar da Kwafin Amincewar ** 10 zuwa 30 Calendar Days ** bayan koyon mutuwar don sadar da ainihin wasiyyar zuwa ga Ma'aikacin Kotun Probate (** UPC § 2-516 **; Cal. Prob. Code § 8200 [30 days]; Fla. Stat. § 732.901 [10 days]; Tex. Est. 252 § Code. ** Kwanaki 60 Kalanda *** bayan mutuwar mai zama don ba da sanarwar doka ta yau da kullun akan duk masu cin gajiyar da magada, kuma dole ne su samar da cikakkiyar kwafin Amincewar akan buƙata (UTC § 813; Cal. Prob. Code § 16061.7). Aika wani Koke don Tilasta Samar da Wasi / Amincewa; neman kotu ta ba da kyautar kuɗin lauyoyi da diyya wanda ɗan'uwan da ke riƙe ya ​​biya da kansa.
2. Kokarin Bude Probate *** Kwanaki 30 zuwa 45** bayan mutuwa. Idan mai suna Executor ya kasa gabatar da koke don yin shari'a a cikin tagar doka (** UPC § 3-203**; Cal. Prob. Code § 8001), ana iya ɗaukar su ** sun yi watsi da / watsi da fifikon haƙƙin hidima. Gwamnatin dogara ta fara nan da nan bayan mutuwa ba tare da buɗe shari'a ba, ** sai dai idan ba a bar kadarori a waje da amintaccen abin da ake buƙatar zubewar sha'awa ba. Yi fayil ɗin ** naku koke don Probate / Wasiƙun Gudanarwa ** neman alkali ya wuce ɗan'uwan da ke tsaye kuma ya nada ku (ko wani ɓangare na uku).
3. Shigar da Tabbataccen Ƙirar Gida & Ƙimar ** 60 zuwa 120 Kwanaki *** bayan an ba da Haruffa na Alkawari (** UPC § 3-706** [watanni 3]; Cal. Prob. Code § 8800 [watanni 4]; Fla. Prob. Dokar 5.340 [60 days]; Tex. Est. Code § 309.051 [90 days]). Dole ne a lissafta kowace kadara da darajar kasuwa ta yau-da-mutuwa. ** A cikin Lokaci Mai Ma'ana (Yawanci 60 zuwa 90 Kwanaki)** ƙarƙashin UTC § 813(a) don sanar da masu cin gajiyar kadarorin Dogara, alhaki, da tsare-tsaren gudanarwa. Yi fayil ɗin ** Koke don Tilasta Ƙaddamar da Inventory ** da soke Haruffa na Alkawari idan mai zartarwa ya kasa cika (** Cal. Prob. Code § 8804**).
4. Bude Dedicated Estate / Trust Bank Account (Babu Commingling) ** Nan da nan da karɓar EIN da Wasiku.** A ƙarƙashin ** UPC § 3-715** da UTC § 810, mai amana dole ne **KADA YA SANYA KYAUTA KYAUTA / AMANA da asusun ajiyar banki na keɓaɓɓen ko da kwana ɗaya. ** Nan da nan bayan samun ID na Tax Tax Trust (EIN) daga IRS.gov.** Duk kudin shiga na haya, rabon hannun jari, da abin siyarwa dole ne su gudana ta hanyar keɓaɓɓen asusun Amintacce. Dalilai na gaggawa don ** Dakatarwar Gaggawa da Cire Fiduciary ** da na sirri ** ƙarin caji ** don kowace ma'amala da ba a bayyana ba.
**5. Samar da Ƙididdigar Kuɗi na Ƙirar Gida *** ** A cikin watanni 12 na alƙawari (ko a kan umarnin kotu a kowane lokaci a kan takardar koke na mai sha'awar a ƙarƙashin ** UPC § 3-1001 **; Cal. Prob. Code §§ 10950 & 12200; NY SCPA § 2205). Aƙalla Shekara-shekara da kuma ƙarshen amana (UTC § 813©; Cal. Prob. Code § 16062), ko kuma a cikin kwana 60* na rubutaccen buƙatun mai cin gajiyar inda ba a ba da lissafi ba a cikin watanni 6 na ƙarshe. Yi fayil ɗin **Koke don Tilasta Ƙididdigar Shari'a ta Hukumance ** haɗawa da izinin sammacin banki.

Yanayi na 1: Ɗan'uwanku yana ɓoye Wasiyyar ko yana ƙin nuna muku Dogara mai Rai

1. Me Yasa Boye Wasiyya Cin Hanci Da Rashawa Ne Kuma Laifi Ne

Karkashin ** Sashe na 2-516** (da makamantan jihohi a duk faɗin Amurka, Kanada, UK, da Ostiraliya), ** duk wanda ke mallakin ainihin wasiyyar marigayin majiɓinci ne kawai na kayan aikin doka na Kotun. Karkashin ka'idoji irin su ** Sashe na Probate Code na California 8200 (b), ** Sashe na Dokokin Florida 732.901 (2), da ** Sashe na Estates Code Sashe na 252.202 , mutumin da ya kasa isar da Wasiyya yana da * da kansa ga duk asarar da lauya ya ci da wanda kotu ta samu. Alkalin Kotun na iya bayar da Citation / Warrant for Civil Conmpt sanya mai kula da gidan yari har sai an gabatar da wasiyyar ta asali. Bugu da ƙari, ɓoye ko rusa wasiyya da gangan da niyyar zambatar magada laifi ne (misali ** Sashe na Hukunci na New York 190.30

2. Yadda Ake Tilasta Kirkirar Boyayyen So Ko Amana A Mataki 3

  1. Bincika Rubuce-rubuce masu zaman kansu da farko: Jawo rikodin iyayenku Bayar da Ƙaddamarwa ko Ƙaddamar da Da'awar daga gidan yanar gizon Mai rikodin County. Idan iyaye sun canza gidansu zuwa Amintaccen Rayuwa, ana buga ainihin suna da kwanan wata na Trust da sunan lauya da adireshinsa a ƙarƙashin "Rubutun da Aka Bukatar Ta / An Shirya Ta" akan takardar. Hakanan duba ko an ajiye wasiƙar tare da rajistar Kotun Ƙaddamarwa na County ** (** Sashe na UPC 2-515**) ko kuma ku kira Dokar Neman Safe Deposit Deposit Box (Sashe na UPC 3-317)*.
  2. ** Aika Buƙatar Rubutun Kwanaki 10 ta hanyar Takaddun Wasikar:** Rubuta ƙa'idar Isar da Jiha ta ku (* UPC § 2-516**) ko Dokar Amincewa-Copy (UTC § 813) da gargaɗin gazawar gabatar da ainihin nufin tare da kalandar imel da kalandar PDF0. kwanaki *** zai haifar da gaggawar ** Koke don Tilasta Ƙirƙirar Nufin/ Amincewa da Buƙatar Takunkumin Kuɗaɗen Kai ***.
  3. ** Shigar da "Koke don Tilasta Samar da Wasi'a" DA "Korafe-korafen Wasiƙun Gudanarwa":** Idan ɗan'uwan ya yi watsi da wasiƙar ku ta kwanaki 10, shigar da Tabbatacciyar Koke don Tilasta Ƙirƙirar Wasi'ar a Kotun Ƙaddamarwa, sannan a lokaci guda koke don nada ** KANKA *** a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa na Estate. Babu wani abu da ya tilasta wa ɗan'uwan da ke tsayawa yin fayil ɗin ainihin So da sauri fiye da sanin cewa kai ana gab da nada ku Mai Gudanarwa a cikin kwanaki 30.

Yanayi na 2: 'Yan uwanku suna zaune a gidan iyayen da suka rasu ba tare da haya ba (Hayar Sana'a da fitarwa)

1. Dokar "Hayyar Sana'a" da Ma'amalar Kai da Fiduciary

  • Idan wanda ke zama mai zartarwa ne ko mai rikon amana (Tsakatar Dokokin Cin Hanci da Kai): Karkashin Sashi na 802 (Wajibin Aminci) da Maidawa (Na Uku) na Amintattun Sashi na 78, an haramta wa mai amana da yin amfani da dukiya ko amana* ba tare da biyan bukatar kashin kansa ba. Wani mai zartarwa ko amintaccen wanda ke zaune a gidan wanda ya rasu ba tare da hayar gida ba ya aikata Cikin Ayyukan Fiduciary, kuma Kotun Probate za ta ba da ƙarin kaso 100 na hayar kasuwa na gaskiya daga ranar da zama ya fara ta hanyar ɓatacce **, tare da biyan kashi 100 na dukiyar ƙasa tare da kuɗaɗen ribar gida.
  • ** Idan Mazauna Ba Mai Riba Bane (Mai Haɗin Kai & Dokokin Kashewa):** A ƙarƙashin doka ta shari'a da daidaitacce "Haƙƙin Mai riƙewa / Kashewa", lokacin da mai cin gajiyar ya mallaki gidan ƙasa kuma ** ya kori (ban da)** sauran masu cin gajiyar, canza masu cin gajiyar, ko canza masu cin gajiyar (ba tare da izini ba). Mai zartarwa na iya siyar da gidan), Estate ɗin yana da haƙƙin cajin mai cin gajiyar ** Hayar Kasuwancin Kasuwa ta Gaskiya ** da ** cire (kashe) duk kuɗin haya da ba a biya ba da korar kai tsaye daga rabon rabon ɗan'uwan na gidan **.

2. Yarjejeniya ta mataki-mataki don dakatar da lodi kyauta da tilasta siyar da gida

  1. ** Ku Bauta Rubutun "Sanarwar Ƙarfafawa, Buƙatar Hayar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, da Sanarwa na Kashe Estate":** Aika sanarwa ta hanyar ** Wasiƙar Tabbatacciyar Wasikar USPS** tana faɗin cewa ci gaba da zama na keɓancewar kadarorin yana tara ** Hayar Hayar Kasuwar Gaskiya a $[misali, $ 0] kafa hanyar takarda ta yau da kullun na ** Kore da Hayar Hayar *** a Kotun Probate.
  2. Bincika Kuɗin Kuɗi na Estate Utility: Bukatar cewa kowane dala mai amfani (lantarki, ruwa, gas, sharar gida, intanet, USB) an biya daga asusun ajiyar ƙasa yayin da ɗan'uwan ke zaune a gidan a biya shi baya da kason ɗan'uwan da ke ciki.
  3. ** Shigar da "Koke don Umarni / Ƙorafi don Cire Fiduciary da Tilasta Siyar da Korar":** Idan kai ne Mai zartarwa, yi aiki da doka ** Sanarwa don Barwa / Ƙaddamar da Koke don Maido da Kaddarorin Estate (misali, Cal. Prob. Code § 850 / NY SCPA) duk kuɗin hayar da kuɗin hayar daga shari'a § 2*2 rabonsu. Idan ɗan'uwanku Mai Gudanarwa ne / Amintaccen da ke zaune a cikin gidan kuma ya ƙi sayar da shi, shigar da ** Koke don Dakatar da Cire Mai Gudanarwa / Amintaccen Rikici na Sha'awa da Rashin Haƙƙin Samar da Kayayyakin Kayayyaki (UTC Sashe na 809)**.

Yanayi na 3: Tilasta yin lissafin kuɗi na yau da kullun da kuma dawo da abin da aka sace ko haɗaɗɗen kuɗi

Kar a taɓa sanya hannu kan 'Waiver of Accounting and Full Release of Liability' don musanya wani ɓangaren cak ba tare da ganin ɗanyen bayanan banki ba tukuna.

Masu zartar da hukunci akai-akai suna riƙe gadon ku na shekara guda sannan su ba ku imel ɗin * kawai * idan kun fara sanya hannu kan notarized ** "Waiver of Formal Accounting and General Release of Executor/Truste."** Karkashin UTC Sashe na 1009 da ka'idoji irin su ** California Probate Code Sashe na 1600, Nexecuee na doka. an ba da damar yin sharadi ba tare da jayayya ba ga mai cin gajiyar rattaba hannu kan sakin da ke kawar da mai rikon amana daga yin mu’amala da kai**. Bukatar ganin cikakken ** Bayanan Ranar Mutuwar Bankin, Bayanin Rufewa, da Duba Hoto** kafin sanya hannu kan kowane takardar shaida.

1. Abin da Kotu Ta Bada Umarnin "Binciken Shari'a" Ya tilasta Dan'uwan Ya Bayyana.

Ba kamar taƙaitaccen bayani na Excel na yau da kullun ba, ** Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Shari'a ta Kotu ** (misali, ** Sashe na Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar California 1060-1064** ko ** New York Form JA-4**) dole ne a sanya hannu ** a ƙarƙashin hukuncin shari'a *** kuma a daidaita shi zuwa dinari a cikin jadawalin jadawalin guda biyar: - ** Jadawalin A (Dukiya a Hannu a Ranar Mutuwa):** Kowane asusun banki, asusun dillali, abin hawa, fakitin gidaje, da kayan kadarori da ke akwai a ranar mutuwa. - ** Jadawalin A-1 (Kasuwanci & Kudin shiga):** Kowane rabo, biyan ruwa, dawo da haraji, ko biyan haya da aka samu bayan mutuwa. - ** Jadawalin B/C (Ribar da Asara akan Siyarwa):** Kowane kadara da aka sayar, ainihin farashin siyarwa, ainihin mai siye, da bayanin rufe ALTA. - ** Jadawalin D (Kasuwanci): *** Duk wani rajistan, zarewar katin zare kudi, Canja wurin Zelle, Biyan Venmo, da canja wurin waya ** daga cikin ƙasa/amin, jera ** Kwanan wata, Duba Lamba, Sunan Bikin, Maƙasudi, da Adadin Dala , goyan baya ta asali ** Bayanan Banki da Hotunan Dubawa An soke. - ** Jadawalin E (Dukiya a Hannu a Rufe Asusu): Madaidaicin kuɗi da kadarorin da suka rage a yanzu.

2. Yadda "Ƙari" da Lalacewar Maɗaukaki Biyu/Tarbi Suke Hukumta Dan Uwa Mara Gaskiya

Idan lissafin kuɗi ko sammacin banki (wanda ke rufe ** 2 zuwa shekaru 3 kafin mutuwa ta yanzu ) ya bayyana cirewa mara izini, kashe kuɗi na sirri, ko canja wurin POA kafin mutuwa: 1. Maganin "Ƙara": Kun shigar da Tabbatattun Abubuwan da Aka Yi wa Accounting da Ƙoƙarin Ƙarfafawa. Mai shari'a na Probate ** ƙarin caji *** rabon gadon ɗan'uwanka, rage rabon su ta adadin kuɗin da aka sata ** tare da Hayar Sana'a da ba'a biya ba, kuɗin lauyoyin ku, da ribar doka don haka ku karɓi cikakken rabon ku kai tsaye daga gidan kafin ɗan'uwanku ya sami cent. 2. ** Lalacewar Dokoki Biyu ko Treble (2x zuwa 3x) Lalacewa:** A ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi irin su ** Sashe na Probate Code na California 859**, duk wanda ya ɗauki, ɓoye, ko zubar da dukiya/amintacce a cikin mummunan imani ko ta hanyar cin zarafin dattijo yana da alhakin ** sau biyu (2x) ƙimar kadarar da aka kwato tare da lauyoyi na wajibi.

Wasiƙar buƙatu ta Verbatim: Ƙaddamar da Ƙarfin Ƙira/ Amincewa, lissafin kuɗi na yau da kullun, da haya na sana'a

[Date]
VIA USPS CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED & EMAIL
To: [Sibling's Full Name], as Purported [Executor / Successor Trustee] of the Estate/Trust of [Decedent's Name]
Re: STATUTORY DEMAND FOR WILL & TRUST INSTRUMENTS, FORMAL FIDUCIARY ACCOUNTING & BANK
    RECORDS, AND NOTICE OF FAIR-MARKET OCCUPATION RENT & SURCHARGE ([Property Address])

Dear [Sibling's Name]:

I write as a lawful beneficiary and heir-at-law of [Decedent's Full Name], who passed away on [Date]. Despite repeated informal requests, you have failed to discharge your mandatory statutory duties as a fiduciary. Please take formal notice of the following demands:

1. DEMAND FOR IMMEDIATE PRODUCTION OF WILL AND TRUST INSTRUMENTS (10 DAYS):
Pursuant to state probate and trust law (modeled on Uniform Probate Code Section 2-516 and Uniform Trust Code Section 813), within ten (10) calendar days of this letter, produce to me via email and mail: (a) complete, unredacted copies of the Last Will and Testament, any Codicils, the Living Trust, and all Trust Amendments; and (b) proof of the Case Number and date the original Will was lodged with the County Probate Court.

2. DEMAND FOR VERIFIED INVENTORY, FORMAL ACCOUNTING, & BANK STATEMENTS (30 DAYS):
Pursuant to your fiduciary Duty to Inform and Account (UPC Section 3-706 / UTC Section 813), within thirty (30) calendar days produce a complete Inventory and Accounting from [Date of Death] through the present, accompanied by complete monthly bank, brokerage, and credit card statements (including cancelled check images and electronic transfer logs) for: (a) all accounts held by [Decedent's Name] or the Trust during the 24 months preceding death (including any Power of Attorney transactions) through the present; and (b) the dedicated Estate or Trust bank account.

3. NOTICE OF OUSTER & ACCRUAL OF FAIR-MARKET OCCUPATION RENT ($[Amount]/Month):
To the extent you or your household are occupying or restricting beneficiary/market access to the Estate/Trust residence at [Property Address] without paying Fair Market Rent, take notice that your exclusive occupancy breaches the fiduciary Duty of Loyalty (UTC Section 802) and Duty to Make Property Productive (UTC Section 809). Effective [Date Occupancy Began], the Estate/Trust is entitled to Fair-Market Occupation Rent of $[Monthly Market Rent] per month, plus 100% reimbursement of all personal electric, gas, water, trash, internet, and maintenance utilities paid from Estate/Trust funds, which will be claimed as a mandatory Surcharge and offset against your beneficial share prior to distribution.

4. PROHIBITION ON COMMINGLING, SELF-DEALING, OR REMOVAL OF PERSONAL PROPERTY:
Do not remove, gift, sell below fair market value, or dispose of any tangible personal property, vehicles, jewelry, or household contents belonging to [Decedent's Name], and do not pay any personal expenses or unapproved fiduciary fees from Estate/Trust accounts.

If I do not receive the Will/Trust documents within ten (10) days and a bank-verified accounting within thirty (30) days, I will file a Verified Petition in Probate Court to compel production and accounting via subpoena, suspend and remove you as Executor/Trustee, compel the immediate sale of [Property Address], and surcharge your personal inheritance share for all unpaid Occupation Rent, unauthorized disbursements, statutory double damages, and my attorney's fees.

Sincerely,
[Your Signature, Printed Name, Mailing Address, Phone Number, and Email]

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar

Idan jayayya a gidan dangin mamaci ta rikide zuwa barazana ko tashin hankali, kira yankin ku lambobin gaggawa nan da nan. Don kotunan shari'a da kulawar amintattu:

  • ** Amurka: ** Yi fayil ɗin ** Buƙatar Sanarwa ta Musamman , ** Kora don Tilasta Samar da Nufin (UPC § 2-516), ko ** Korafe-korafe don Tilasta Lissafi da Cire Fiduciary (UPC § 3-611 / UTC § 706)** a cikin ** Kotun Probate / Orphan's. Tuntuɓi Babban Jami'in Hulɗar Jama'a *** don tabbatar da kaddarorin da aka kulle, da kuma bayar da rahoton satar POA kafin mutuwarsa zuwa ** Sabis na Kariya na Manya (APS)** da Babban Lauyan Gundumar ** Sashin Zagin Kuɗi na Dattijo ***.
  • Kanada: A cikin Ontario (** Dokar Kayayyaki Sashe na 9** da Dokar 74.15), yi amfani da Motion for Order for Assistance don tilasta samar da Wasi (** Form 74.36**) ko samun ** Order don Ƙirar Asusun (Dokar 74.15(1)(h)). A cikin British Columbia ( WESA Sashe na 121-159**), shigar da Tambaya don Takardun Alkawari (Form P19) da kuma tilasta wucewar asusu.
  • United Kingdom: Lodge a Probate Caveat a gov.uk/stop-probate-application (£ 3) don toshe tallafin ɗan damfara na Probate; nemi Saran da za a kawo wasicci a ƙarƙashin Dokar Manyan Kotu 1981 Sashe na 123 (Dokar NCPR ta 50); tilasta wani Inventory and Account a ƙarƙashin Administration of Estates Act 1925 Sashe na 25; ko a nemi a karkashin Administration of Justice Act 1985 Sashe na 50 don cire mai zartarwa da cajin ** Hayar Sana'a** karkashin TOLATA 1996 Sashe na 12-15.
  • ** Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai:** A ƙarƙashin ** Ƙarƙashin Ƙididdiga na Jamus (BGB) § 2259 , duk wanda ke da Wasiyya dole ne ya kai shi ga Kotun Ƙaddamarwa ( Nachlassgericht ) a ƙarƙashin hukuncin tara tara (Zwangsgeld); a Faransa, Spain, da Italiya, dokar farar hula ** Notary (Notaire) tana kula da ƙayyadaddun kaya na tilas ( inventaire*) da hannun jarin tilas (réserve héréditaire).
  • ** Ostiraliya da New Zealand: *** A Ostiraliya (** Probate and Administration Act 1898 (NSW) Sashe na 85 *; ** Gudanarwa da Dokar Probate 1958 (Vic) Sashe na 15 & 34), shigar da Kotun Koli Probate Caveat, tilasta samar da Will, da kuma gabatar da koke ga wanda ya yanke shawara ya cire gida. A New Zealand, kira Dokar Gudanarwa 1969 (Sashe na 21) da Dokar Dokokin 2019 (Sashe na 49-55).

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Yayana wanda aka kira mai suna Executor a cikin Wasiyyar iyayenmu bisa doka zai iya ƙi nuna mini wasiyyar har sai an gama shari'ar?

A'a. Karkashin Lambar Ƙididdigar Uniform Sashe na 2-516 da kuma ka'idojin kowace jiha ta Amurka, mai kula da ainihin wasiyyar dole ne ya shigar da shi tare da magatakardar Kotun Probate a cikin Kwanaki 10 zuwa 30 na sanin mutuwa. Da zarar an shigar da shi tare da magatakardar Kotun Probate, Wasiyyar ta zama a 100 bisa dari na jama'a rikodin kotu cewa kowa zai iya dubawa, kuma duk magajin gado da masu cin gajiyar sunayensu dole ne a ba su sanarwa a hukumance kafin kotu ta nada mai zartarwa.

Ta yaya zan gano idan iyayena da suka rasu suna da Trust Trust idan ɗan'uwana ba zai gaya mani ba kuma ba a shigar da komai a Kotun Probate ba?

Bincika sunan iyayen ku akan Rikodin County / Rajista na Ayyuka gidan yanar gizon gundumar inda iyayenku suka mallaki gidaje kuma ku zazzage rikodin su Bayar da Tallafin Koyarwa. Idan iyayenku sun sanya gidansu cikin Amintaccen Rayuwa, aikin zai buga ainihin sunan doka da kwanan wata na Trust Trust kuma a saman kusurwar hagu a ƙarƙashin "An Bukatar Yin Rikodi Ta / An Shirya Ta" zai buga suna da adireshin Lauyan Tsare-tsaren Estate wanda ya tsara Dogara, ƙyale ku ku bauta wa waccan lauya da ɗan'uwanku tare da buƙatu na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin Sashe na UTC 813 / Sashe na Code Probate na California 16061.7.

Shin dole ne in biya wa kaina kuɗaɗen doka don in tilasta wa ɗan'uwana a yi lissafin kuɗi, ko kotu za ta iya biyan ɗan'uwana?

Kotuna a duk faɗin Amurka suna da ikon doka canza kashi 100 na kuɗaɗen lauyoyin ku zuwa ga mai zartarwa / Amintaccen da kansa.. Idan mai zartarwa ko amintaccen ya ƙi yin lissafin kuɗi ba tare da dalili mai ma'ana ba, ya ɓoye wasiyyar, ko kuma ya shiga cikin ma'amala da kansa, Alƙalin Probate zai iya hana ɗan'uwan yin amfani da kuɗin kadarorin don kare kansu, ba da izini ga Hukumar Gudanarwa / Amintattu, kuma kara kudin gadon dan uwan don biyan kuddin lauyan ku (UTC Sashe na 1004; Sassan Code Probate California 11003(b) & 17211(b)).

Idan Wasiyya ko Amintacce suna da "Batun Gasa" (A cikin Maganar Ta'addanci): shin zan rasa gadona idan na buƙaci lissafin kuɗi ko koke na cire ɗan'uwana a matsayin Mai zartarwa/Amintacce?

A'a. Karkashin Lambar Ƙididdigar Uniform (Sashe na 2-517 & 3-905), da Uniform Amin Code, da manufofin jama'a na jiha, a Batun Gasa yana aiki kawai idan kayi ƙoƙarin ɓata ainihin ingancin Will ko Amincewar iyaye da kanta ba tare da dalili mai yiwuwa ba. Kotuna a duniya sun yarda da haka neman lissafin kudi, ƙin yin lissafin kuɗi, neman Hayar Sana'a, ko neman a cire ma'aikacin amana da rashin gaskiya BA "ƙira" ne na Nufin ko Amana ba..

Me zai faru idan ɗan'uwana ya ƙara sunansu a matsayin "Mai Haɗin gwiwa" ko "Mai Ciyar da Mutuwa (POD)" akan babban asusun ajiyar iyayenmu da suka tsufa tun kafin mutuwa don haka kuɗin ya wuce Wasiyyar?

Kuna iya ƙara ƙarar Kotun Ƙaddamarwa don yin la'akari da wannan asusun a kan wasu dalilai na shari'a guda biyu: (1) Rukunan "Asusun Aminci" (Sashe na UPC 6-212): tabbatar da cewa tsofaffin iyayen sun ƙara sunan ɗan'uwan a cikin asusun dubawa kawai don saukakawa don taimakawa biyan kuɗi maimakon a yi niyyar ba da dukan ceton rai ga yaro ɗaya a kan sauran; kuma (2) Zato na Tasiri maras kyau daga Fiduciary: inda mai ba da kulawa ko ɗan'uwan POA ya sami canjin mai amfana daga iyaye masu rauni, matsawa nauyin shaida akan ɗan'uwan don tabbatar da cewa canja wurin ya kasance gaba ɗaya maras amfani.

Jagora masu alaƙa

Tushen da jagorar hukuma

  • Hukumar Doka ta Uniform (Amurka): Sashe na 2-516, 3-203, 3-611, 3-701, 3-706, da 6-212; da Sashen Amintattun Uniform (UTC) Sashe na 706, 802, 809, 810, 813, da 1001-1004.
  • ** Lambobin Ƙaddamarwa na Jiha & Amincewa (Amurka):** * Sashe na Lambobin Probate na California 850, 859, 8001, 8200, 8800, 10950, 16004.5, da 16061.7*; * Sassan SCPA na New York 1401, 2103, da 2205*; * Dokokin Florida Sashe na 732.901 da 733.504*; da * Sashe na Lambobin Estates Texas 252.201 da 309.051*.
  • ** Cibiyar Shari'a ta Amurka (Amurka):** Maidawa (Na uku) na Amintattun Sashe na 76, 78, 82, 83, da 100 (Cajin Fiduciary da Hayar Sana'a).
  • HMCTS (Birtaniya), Manyan Kotunan Lardi (Kanada), & Kotunan Koli ta Jiha (Australia): Dokar manyan kotuna 1981 Sashe na 123 & Dokar Kula da Gidaje 1925 Sashe na 25 (Birtaniya); Dokar Gidajen Ontario Sashi na 9 & BC WESA (Kanada); da NSW Probate and Administration Dokar 1898 Sashe na 85 (Ostiraliya).