Share ko Tsara Katin SD ko Katin CFexpress a cikin Kamara Yayin Harba: Rubuce-Kare Kulle, Haɗarin TRIM, da sassaƙawar RAW¶

A bazata latsa Katin Format (Format Media) a cikin Sony Alpha, Canon EOS, Nikon Z, Fujifilm, ko Panasonic Lumix kamara a tsakiyar bikin aure ko na kasuwanci, ko ganin filasha mai kallo Card Cannot Be Accessed / Card Not Formatted / Format Card?, shine mafi munin mafarkin kowane mai daukar hoto da mai daukar hoto. A cikin daƙiƙa biyar na farko bayan tsarin kyamarar cikin haɗari ko Delete All Images umarni, ** kusan kashi 100 na hotunan RAW ɗinku (.CR3, .ARW, .NEF, .RAF, .DNGda kuma video streams (.MP4, .MOV) har yanzu suna zaune a cikin jikin NAND flash memory cells**. Abin da ke lalata bikin aure ko harba har abada shine abin da zai biyo baya: ɗaukar ko da biyu ko uku "harbin gwaji" don ganin idan katin ya sake aiki, barin kyamarar ta sake yin index kuma ta rubuta sabon bayanan manyan fayiloli (SONY/AVCHD, DCIM/100CANON), ko saka katin da ya lalace a cikin macOS ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na Windows ba tare da shigar da kayan aikin kariyar rubutu ba. Idan mataccen baturi ya yanke shirin bidiyo guda ɗaya maimakon katin da aka tsara, tsalle zuwa kamara RAW bidiyo MP4/MOV fayil mara ƙarewa bayan mutuwar baturi da gyaran kan atom; don kurakuran hardware na katin žwažwalwar ajiya na gaba ɗaya ko gazawar mai karatu, duba Lalacewar katin SD, kuskuren katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kyamara, da ceton hoton taron bikin aure kuma Share fayil na bazata, tsararriyar tuƙi, da dawo da hoto. Idan faifan da ya ɓace ya ƙunshi shaidar aikata laifi mai barazana ga rai, haɗarin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, ko binciken 'yan sanda mai aiki, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida.911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Ƙasar Ingila) ko duba kundin adireshin mu na lambobin gaggawa.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. KADA KA danna maɓallin rufewa koda sau ɗaya, kuma ja baturin kamara (ko kunna wutar lantarki OFF sannan a fitar da katin) nan take: kyamarori marasa madubi na zamani (Sony, Canon, Nikon) ci gaba da rubuta bayanan metadata (INDX.BDM, MOVIEOBJ.BDM, .CTG catalogs) zuwa katin. Kashe wuta kuma fitar da katin a cikin daƙiƙa 2.
2. ** Idan katin daidaitaccen katin SD / SDHC / SDXC ne, zame jiki LOCK Canja gefen hagu DOMIN zuwa ginshiƙan ƙasa nan da nan ***: Zamewa shafin kariyar injin zuwa LOCK yana gaya wa masu karanta katin USB masu yarda su toshe duk umarnin rubutawa. (CFexpress Type A/B, XQD, kuma microSD katunan ba su da canjin jiki; tilasta yanayin karanta software kawai akan kwamfutarka kafin shigar da su.)
3. ** Saka katin a cikin akwati mai wuyar gaske, yi masa lakabi DO NOT USE - RECOVERY, kuma sanya sabon kati na ajiya a cikin kamara don gama harbin ***: Kada ku taɓa ƙoƙarin dawowa a tsakiyar bikin aiki akan baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Canja cikin sabon katin, tabbatar da rikodin ramuka biyu (RAW + RAW Ajiyayyen) yana aiki, kuma yana aiwatar da farfadowar bincike a kan tebur tare da ikon AC.
4. **Kada a taɓa "Format Disk," "Initialize," ko "Scan and Fix"chkdsk)" lokacin da ka toshe katin a cikin Windows ko macOS ***: Danna ** Dubawa da Gyara *** yana gudana chkdsk /f, wanda ke canza rarrabuwar hotuna RAW da rafukan bidiyo na 4K zuwa waɗanda ba za a iya karantawa ba FOUND.000/FILE0000.CHK gutsuttsura, sake rubuta gungu da kuke buƙatar sassaƙa.
5. ** Ƙirƙiri hoton yanki na bit-for-bit (.img ko .dmg) na katin akan SSD na ciki na kwamfutarka ta amfani da shi ddrescue ko Disk Drill / R-Photo kafin gudanar da duk wani binciken dawo da **: Koyaushe hoton duk katin sau ɗaya (ko da yaushe)64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB) zuwa fayil a kan SSD kuma gudanar da duk kayan aikin dawo da kayan aikin .img kwafi.
6. ** Yi amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu-sane da tsarin fayil DA mai sa hannu na tushen sa hannu na RAW / sassaken bidiyo (PhotoRec, R-Photo, Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, ko SanDisk RescuePRO***: Standard Quick Format sifili da exFAT Teburin Rarraba Fayil (FAT / Cluster Bitmap), don haka zane-zanen sa hannu yana karanta kowane gungu kai tsaye don fitar da cikakken ƙuduri .CR3, .ARW, .NEF, kuma .RAF hotuna.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: Tsarin kamara, gogewa, ko Card Error halin gaggawa¶

Yi amfani da wannan jadawali lokacin da aka tsara katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, gogewa, ko ƙi yayin harbi:

flowchart TD
    Start["Gaggawa: Katin SD / CFexpress An tsara, Share, ko Nuna Kuskuren Kati"] --> EjectNow["Kashe Kamara Nan take & Fitar da Katin (Ɗauki ƙarin Harbi 0)"]

    EjectNow --> CardType{"Wane Tsarin Katin Jiki Ne?"}
    CardType -->|"Cikakken-Size SD / SDHC / SDXC"| FlipSwitch["Zamewa Rubutun Jiki-Kare Sauya KASA zuwa ƙulle Matsayi"]
    CardType -->|"CFexpress Nau'in A / Nau'in B / XQD / microSD"| SoftLock["Babu Canja Jiki: Kashe Dutsen-Auto na OS & Automount Rubuta akan PC/Mac Farko"]

    FlipSwitch --> ImageCard["Haɗa ta hanyar ingancin USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt Reader -> Ƙirƙiri Hoton Bit-for-Bit (.img) tare da ddrescue"]
    SoftLock --> ImageCard

    ImageCard --> HexCheck["Bincika Fayil ɗin Hoto don Bayanan da ba Zero ba (hexdump -C card.img | shugaban -n 40)"]
    HexCheck --> IsZeroed{"Shin Duk Sassan Bayan Kashe 64MB Zeros Tsarkakewa (00 00) ko FF FF?"}

    IsZeroed -->|"Ee: 100% Sifili a Gaba ɗaya Hoton"| TrimHit["Aika Hardware SD_ERASE (CMD38) ko NVMe TRIM: Kashe Chip NAND Pinout Lab ne kawai zai iya ƙoƙarin Ceto"]
    IsZeroed -->|"A'a: Rich Hex Data Present A Ketare Katin"| FailureMode{"Me ya faru da Katin?"}

    FailureMode -->|"Goge Hatsari (Hotuna Guda ko Duka)"| ExfatScan["Shigar da directory Alama 0xE5 / 0x05 -> Run R-Studio / Disk Drill / TestDisk don Maido da Sunayen Fayil daidai"]
    FailureMode -->|"Tsarin Kamara (Sandar FAT32 / exFAT Tsarin)"| RawCarve["FAT / Cluster Bitmap Zeroed -> Gudanar da Sa hannu na Sa hannu (PhotoRec don Hotunan RAW / Nagartaccen Fassara na MP4)"]
    FailureMode -->|"Kamara Ta Ce: Ba Za a Iya Samun Katin / Yana Bukatar Tsarin"| PartitionFix["Lallacewar Sashin Boot ko Teburin Rarraba -> Sake Gina Sashin Boot Ajiyayyen tare da TestDisk KO sassaƙa Hoton Raw"]

Mataki na 1: Abin da ke faruwa a cikin katin SD ko CFexpress lokacin da ka buga "Format"¶

Me yasa wasu masu daukar hoto suka warke 100% na fayilolin RAW na auren su guda 2,500 bayan tsarin kamara na bazata, yayin da wasu ke murmurewa 100% na hotunansu a matsayin cikakke .CR3 / .NEF fayiloli duk da haka gano cewa 4K .MP4 shirye-shiryen bidiyo ba za su kunna ba, kuma rukuni na uku yana gani 0 files found? Amsar ta dogara da dalilai na fasaha guda uku: ** Standard vs. Tsarin Ƙarƙashin Matsayi (CMD38 / TRIM***, exFAT rabon tari, da kuma Photo vs. Video fragmentation.

1. Standard Format vs. Canon "Low-Level Format" vs. Sony Full Format (SD_ERASE)¶

Kwatanta yadda kowane masana'anta kamara ke aiwatar da umarnin menu na kamara a ciki ** Tsarin ** SDXC kuma CFexpress kafofin watsa labarai:

2. Me yasa Hotunan RAW ke sassaka tsafta cikin yanki guda 1 yayin da 4K .MP4 / .MOV guntun shirye-shiryen bidiyo¶

Ko da lokacin da aka rarraba bitmap (FAT / exFAT Cluster Heap Bitmap) an goge ta hanyar tsari, me yasa zai iya PhotoRec dawo da hotuna 3,000 RAW ba tare da wahala ba yayin fama da .MP4 fayilolin bidiyo?

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| HOW CAMERAS WRITE RAW PHOTOS VS. 4K VIDEO CLIPS ON exFAT CARDS          |
|                                                                         |
| 1. STILL PHOTOS (.CR3 / .ARW / .NEF / .JPG):                            |
|    [Cluster 100][Cluster 101][Cluster 102][Cluster 103] (45 MB total)   |
|    -> Stored CONTIGUOUSLY (one cluster right after another) unless you  |
|       deleted individual photos mid-shoot and filled tiny gaps.         |
|    -> A carver scans for the TIFF/CR3 start header (49 49 2A 00 or      |
|       ftypcrx) and reads straight through to the end of the photo.      |
|                                                                         |
| 2. DUAL-STREAM VIDEO + PROXY + XML OR INTERLEAVED AUDIO/VIDEO (.MP4):   |
|    [4K Video Chunk 1][Proxy Sub-Stream Chunk 1][4K Video Chunk 2][Thumb]|
|    -> Many cameras record main 4K video (M4ROOT/CLIP/C0001.MP4) and     |
|       a low-res proxy (SUB/C0001S01.MP4) or XML telemetry simultaneously|
|    -> This interleaves clusters on disk: Main Video -> Proxy -> Main.   |
|    -> When formatting wipes the exFAT cluster chain, a naive carver     |
|       glues Proxy clusters into the middle of the 4K video file.        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Saboda wannan tsaka-tsakin, murmurewa ** har yanzu hotuna RAW/JPEG ** yana aiki tare da sassaƙan jeri kyauta (PhotoRec / R-Photo), yayin da yake murmurewa ** interleaved / rarrabuwa .MP4 kuma .MOV bidiyo bayan tsari *** yana buƙatar mai gyara bidiyo mai sane (firam) (Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, Treasure / Grau, ko recover_mp4 + GoPro/Sony fragment stitcher) wanda yake magana H.264 / H.265 (HEVC) NAL raka'a da PCM / AAC guntun sauti ta gungu.

Mataki na 2: Kulle katin da ƙirƙirar clone na ɗan lokaci-bit-for-bit (.img)¶

Kar a taɓa barin Windows Explorer, MacOS Mai Neman (mds_stores / Hasken Haske), Adobe Lightroom, ko Injiniyan Hoto rubuta .DS_Store, .Spotlight-V100, System Volume Information, ko .pmingest fayiloli akan katin da kake ƙoƙarin ceto.

Mataki 1: Shigar da kariyar rubutun kayan aiki da tsarin aiki¶

1. ** Don Cikakkun Katin SD / SDHC / SDXC*: Riƙe katin SD ɗin tare da lakabin yana fuskantarka da maƙallan lambar zinare a baya suna nunawa sama. Nemo ƙaramin faifan filastik akan ** gefen hagu ** kuma tura shi ** KASA *** ( nesa da filolin zinare) cikin LOCK matsayi.
2. Don CFexpress Type A, CFexpress Type B, XQD, kuma microSD Katuna (Babu Canjin Jiki):
3. ** A kan macOS ***: Kafin saka katin, buɗe Terminal kuma shirya don cire tsarin fayil ɗin nan da nan.diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN) yayin barin raw block na'urar (/dev/rdiskN) samuwa don karantawa-kawai cloning.
4. ** A kan Linux (Ubuntu / Fedora) ***: Kashe automount na tebur (gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false) kafin saka katin.
5. A kan Windows 10/11: Guji sanya wasiƙar tuƙi ko buɗe Explorer yayin yin hoton ɗanyen tuƙi a cikin R-Photo ko Disk Drill.

Mataki 2: Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin hoto na bit-for-bit (wedding_card1.img) zuwa SSD na ciki¶

Kafin gudanar da kowane software na farfadowa, kwafi kowane bangare (Sector 0 zuwa sashin ƙarshe na katin) a cikin guda ɗaya .img fayil a kan NVMe / SSD na ciki mai sauri tare da aƙalla 1.5x ku 2x karfin katin kyauta.

Zabin A: Amfani GNU ddrescue akan macOS ko Linux (Gold Standard)¶

1. Saka katin da aka kulle a cikin kebul na 3.2 Gen 2 ko mai karanta katin Thunderbolt.
2. Gano mai gano na'urar duka katin (ba kawai bangare ba):
3. ** A kan macOS ***: Run diskutil list don nemo katin ku na waje (misali, /dev/disk4), sannan nan da nan zazzage ƙarar sa don haka Nemo da Haske ba za su iya rubutawa ba .DS_Store: diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk4.
4. ** A Linux ***: Run lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,RO,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINTS (misali, /dev/sdc ko /dev/nvme1n1 don masu karatu na PCIe CFexpress) kuma cire kowane bangare: sudo umount /dev/sdc* 2>/dev/null.
5. Gudu ddrescue Yin amfani da na'ura mai laushi a kan macOS (/dev/rdisk4 maimakon /dev/disk4) ko toshe na'urar akan Linux (/dev/sdc):

   # On macOS (install via: brew install ddrescue)
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/rdisk4 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.map
   
   # On Linux
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/sdc ~/wedding_card1.img ~/wedding_card1.map
   

   A kan lafiya 128 gigabyte UHS-II SDXC kati (280 MB/s) ko CFexpress Type B kati (1,500 MB/s), wannan cikakken ajiyar yana ƙare a cikin minti 2 zuwa minti 8 **. Sau ɗaya ddrescue rahotanni 100% rescued, fitar da katin zahiri kuma saka shi a cikin akwati. Yi kashi 100 na aikin dawo da ku wedding_card1.img.

Zaɓin B: Ƙirƙirar hoton madadin byte-to-byte akan Windows (GUI Kyauta)¶

1. Zazzage R-Photo (ta hanyar Fasahar R-Tools, kyauta don dawo da hoto/bidiyo), ** Drill Disk**, ko DMDE.
2. A cikin R-Photo, danna dama na na'urar katin SD/CFexpress na zahiri (128 GB Generic Storage Device, ba kawai na E: partition) kuma zaɓi ** Ƙirƙiri Hoto *** -> ** Hoton Byte-to-byte.dsk / .img***, adana shi zuwa SSD na ciki.
3. A cikin ** Drill Disk**, danna Byte-to-byte Backup a gefen hagu, zaɓi katin, sannan ka ajiye .img fayil zuwa SSD na ciki.

Mataki na 3: Yi Duban Hex na daƙiƙa 5 (Did the camera zero my NAND flash with CMD38 / TRIM?)¶

Duba ko wedding_card1.img ya ƙunshi ainihin bayanan hoto da aka matsa sama da megabyte 100 na farko (inda babu komai exFAT Tables live):

hexdump -C -s 104857600 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img | head -n 40

Mataki na 3: Mai da fayilolin da aka goge vs. Hotunan RAW da aka tsara (PhotoRec, TestDisk, R-Photo)¶

Zaɓi hanyar dawowa bisa abin da ya faru da katin:

Hali na 1: Ka buga "Share" ko "Goge Duk Hoto" da gangan (Baka tsara katin ba)¶

Lokacin da ka share hotuna a cikin kyamara ba tare da tsarawa ba, da exFAT ko FAT32 Teburin rarrabawa da shigarwar kundin adireshi har yanzu ba su da kyau: kamara kawai tana canza byte na farko na rikodin tarihin fayil (0x85 shigar da fayil exFAT canza zuwa 0x05 alama mara amfani, ko 0xE5 in FAT32). 1. Bude wedding_card1.img a cikin TestDisk, DMDE, R-Photo, ko ** Drill Disk**:

# Using TestDisk on macOS / Linux / Windows:
testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img

Hali na 2: Kun tsara katin a cikin kyamara (Quick / Standard Format) kuma suna buƙatar hotuna RAW & JPEG¶

Lokacin da aka tsara kati a cikin kamara, da exFAT tushen directory (DCIM/100EOS5D) kuma Cluster Allocation Bitmap an cire shi. Daidaitawa Undelete zai nuna babban fayil mara komai. Dole ne ku yi amfani da ** Sa hannu na Sa hannu (Saƙon Fayil ɗin Raw)**, wanda ke yin watsi da tsarin fayil ɗin da aka goge gabaɗaya kuma yana bincika kowane ɓangaren wedding_card1.img don ainihin rubutun binary da ƙafar tsarin RAW na kyamarar ku:

Mataki-mataki Hoto na RAW tare da PhotoRec (Kyauta, Buɗe-Source, Cross-Platform)¶

1. Ƙirƙiri babban babban fayil ɗin fitarwa a kan tuƙi tare da yalwar sarari kyauta:

   mkdir -p ~/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos
   

2. Kaddamar PhotoRec an nuna kai tsaye a fayil ɗin hotonku:

   photorec ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img
   

3. Sanya PhotoRec don iyakar gudu da daidaito:
4. Zaɓi wedding_card1.img ->[Proceed].
5. Haskakawa [File Opt] a kasa kafin fara scan: danna s don musaki duk nau'ikan fayil ɗin ofisoshi 300 masu ɓoye / ɓoye, sannan kunna ** kawai *** [x] jpg, [x] tif (ya rufe .ARW, .NEF, .CR2, .DNG, [x] cr3 (mov/mp4/crx da*[x] raf. Latsa b don adana saituna.
6. Zaɓi ɓangaren (ko Whole disk), zabi [Other] (FAT/NTFS/exFAT/HFS+*, zabi [Whole] (duba dukkan ɓangaren, ba kawai sarari da ba a keɓe ba, tunda an tsara katin), sannan zaɓi -/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos ta danna C.

Mataki na 4: Ana dawo da tsararraki ko rarrabuwar 4K/8K .MP4 kuma .MOV bidiyon aure¶

Idan kun tsara katin da ya ƙunshi ** shirye-shiryen bidiyo ** (.MP4, .MOV, .CRM, .BRAW) daga Sony FX3/a7S III, Canon R5C/C70, Panasonic GH6/S5II, DJI Drone, ko GoPro, za ku lura da sauri da matsala tare da masu sassaƙa kamar su. PhotoRec: - A sassaƙa .mp4 fayilolin ko dai ** ba za a iya kunna su ba (0 seconds tsawon lokaci)** ko kunna na 2 seconds kuma daskare. - Me yasa? Domin dalilai guda biyu: 1. **Wakili mai haɗin gwiwa / audio / telemetry gungu ***: Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane a cikin Mataki na 1, kyamarori suna rikodin rafukan biyu (Main 4K + Sub Proxy ko .XML sidecars) madadin gungu akan katin. 2. Rabu ftyp / mdat / moov atoms: Zamani .MP4 kuma .MOV kwantena sanya danyen matsa bidiyo / audio rafi a cikin wani giant mdat atom kuma rubuta tebur mai ma'ana (moov atom) a ƙarshen rikodin. Idan da mdat kuma moov Atom an raba su a cikin gungu marasa daidaituwa akan katin, mai sassaƙa mai linzami ya raba su zuwa manyan fayiloli guda biyu.

Yadda ake sake gina shirye-shiryen bidiyo na kamara da aka tsara / tarkace¶

1. Yi amfani da Maƙalar Bidiyo na Kamara Mai Faɗakarwa (Disk Drill 5+ Advanced Camera Recovery ko SanDisk RescuePRO Deluxe*: Ba kamar daidaitattun masu sassaƙa fayil waɗanda ke karanta gungu kai tsaye ba, ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin dawo da kyamara na zamani wedding_card1.img ga kowa da kowa mdat video yanki da moov Teburin maƙasudi, gano madaidaicin tari na kyamara (misali, Sony XAVC-S / XAVC-HS, Canon XF-AVC / MP4, GoPro Chaptered MP4, DJI Drone MP4), fitar da gungun wakilai masu ma'amala da juna, kuma a sake maimaita manyan gungun bidiyo da masu jiwuwa cikin abin da za a iya kunnawa. .MP4.
2. Idan aka sassaka .MP4 ko .MOV fayil yana da cikakken girmansa (e.g., 4.2 GB) akan faifai amma ya ƙi buɗewa a cikin Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, ko VLC (moov atom not found*: Bayanan bidiyo (mdat) an sassaka shi cikakke, amma moov Ba a rasa ko rubuta rubutun fihirisa a ƙarshen shirin ba yayin tsarin. Kuna iya sake gina sabo-sabuwa moov atom a cikin daƙiƙa 30 ta hanyar samar da ma'anar aiki ** .MP4 fayil ** harbi akan ainihin kyamarar guda ɗaya tare da ƙuduri iri ɗaya, framerate, da codec ta amfani da untrunckorecover_mp4:

   # Using untrunc with a working sample video from the same camera body:
   untrunc /path/to/working_reference_from_same_camera.MP4 /path/to/carved_unplayable_clip.mp4
   

   Don cikakken jagorar umarnin mataki-mataki akan sake ginawa ya ɓace moov zarra kuma mdat buga kai da recover_mp4 kuma ffmpeg, bi jagoran mu: Kamara RAW bidiyo MP4 da MOV fayil ɗin da ba a ƙare ba bayan mutuwar baturi ko karo: gyara atom.

Mataki na 5: Gyarawa "Card Cannot Be Accessed / Format Card" BA TARE DA tsarawa ba¶

Me zai faru idan ba ** ba ku tsara katin ba, kuma a maimakon haka kyamararku ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta tashi ba zato ba tsammani Card Cannot Be Accessed. Reinsert/Change the Card or Format Card with Camera (Canon Err 02, Sony Unable to read memory card, Windows RAW Partition)?

1. ** Da farko duba fil ɗin lambar zinare da mai karanta katin ***: Tsaftace pads ɗin zinare akan katin SD ko CFexpress a hankali tare da mayafin microfiber mara lint wanda aka datse tare da ɗan ƙaramin digo. 99% isopropyl barasa (kada ku taɓa numfashi mai laushi a cikin ramin CFexpress). Gwaji a cikin mai karanta katin USB na waje mai inganci na biyu.
2. ** Hoton katin tare da ddrescue nan take (Mataki na 2)**. Koda partition din ya hau kamar RAW (Unformatteda cikin Gudanar da Disk na Windows, ddrescue kwafi albarkatun albarkatun ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsarin tsarin fayil.
3. Mayar da Ajiyayyen exFAT Boot Sector tare da TestDisk (a kan kwafin wedding_card1.img*: Kowanne exFAT katin yana kula da irin wannan Backup Boot Sector a Sector 12 dama bayan Main Boot Sector a Sector 0. Idan wutar lantarki a tsaye ko fitar da katin yayin da jan damar LED ke kiftawa ya lalace Sector 0, Duk katin yana bayyana "Ba a tsara shi ba" ko da yake kashi 100 na bishiyar directory ba ta da kyau:

   cp ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   # Select: [Proceed] -> [Intel] -> [Advanced] -> Select Partition -> [Boot] -> [Backup BS]
   

   Kwafi Sashin Boot na Ajiyayyen akan ɓarnatar Babban Sashin Boot a kunne wedding_card1_workcopy.img sau da yawa hawa gaba daya DCIM babban fayil nan take tare da kashi 100 na ainihin sunayen fayilolinku da manyan manyan fayiloli.

Mataki na 6: Bikin aure da kasuwanci harba katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya lissafin aminci¶

Da zarar kun kwato harbin kuma ku adana fayilolin da aka kwato akan aƙalla faifai guda biyu, aiwatar da waɗannan ƙa'idodin horo:

• ** Ajiyayyen Katin Dual-Card (Simultaneous / Relay Redundancy: Slot 1 + Slot 2) akan kowane aikin da aka biya ***: Saita ramukan biyu don rubuta cikakken ƙuduri na lokaci guda RAW (da kuma bidiyo mai ramuka biyu a lokaci guda inda aka goyan baya).
• **Kada a taɓa share hotuna ɗaya a cikin kamara yayin harbi ***: Share hotuna mara kyau guda ɗaya a tsakiyar harbin ƙananan ramukan tari mara kyau a duk faɗin exFAT bitmap, tilastawa kamara zuwa guntuwar fayilolin bidiyo na RAW ko 4K na gaba a cikin gungu marasa ci gaba. Jira har sai an sha a cikin Lightroom ko Ɗauki Daya don yanke.
• ** Ajiye jakar katin "Bayyana / Cikakkun" daban da wallet ɗin katin ku na "Blank" **: Juya cikakkun katunan juye-juye a cikin wani babban akwati mai alama mai ja kuma zame SD ɗin. LOCK canza nan da nan bayan cirewa daga kamara.
• ** Tsara katunan a cikin kyamara KAWAI a farkon sabon aikin bayan tabbatar da harbin da ya gabata ya wuce ka'idar madadin 3-2-1 ***: Kada ku taɓa tsara katin har sai harbin da ya gabata ya zauna akan SSD ɗin ku, NAS/RAID na gida, da madadin waje (madadin kwamfuta da dabarun 3-2-1).

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Kafofin watsa labaru na dijital da suka ɓace ko lalace waɗanda suka haɗa da fim ɗin karo na dashcam/camcam, wuraren aikata laifuka, ko bayanan doka suna haifar da ƙa'idodin gaggawa da ƙa'idodin doka:

• Amurka da Kanada: Dial 911 ga kowane likita, wuta, ko gaggawa na 'yan sanda inda dashcam, drone, ko faifan kyamara ke ɗaukar wani lamari mai aiki. Idan katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya ƙunshi shaidar aikata laifi, kulle katin, sanya shi a cikin ambulan shaida, sa'annan ka mika shi ga jami'an tsaro na tsaro don adana Sarkar Kariya (NIST SP 800-86).
• ** United Kingdom *: Dial 999 ga 'yan sandan gaggawa, gobara, ko amsawar motar asibiti, ko 101 don ƙaddamar da shaidar 'yan sanda ba na gaggawa ba (kamar National Dash Cam Safy Portal). Bi NPCC Digital Forensics jagororin ta adana katin asali wanda bai taɓa shi ba.
• Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai: Dial112* a duk ƙasashe membobin EU don 'yan sanda ko gaggawar likita. Lura GDPR Mataki na 32 tsaro da amincin wajibai don daukar hoto na abokin ciniki.
• ** Ostiraliya da New Zealand ***: Kiran kira 000 a Ostiraliya ko 111 a New Zealand don amsa gaggawa.
• **Indiya da Asiya-Pacific : Kiran kira 112 a Indiya; Ajiye kafofin watsa labaru na asali na ma'ajiyar lantarki a ƙarƙashin ** Sashe na 63 na Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA don yarda.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Idan nawa fa hexdump duba ya nuna duk 00 00 ko FF FF sifili saboda na tsara katin Sony ko na duba "Format Low-Level" akan Canon?¶

Idan ka cire haɗin katin nan da nan kuma ba ka bar shi yana kunne ba, wani ƙwararren ɗakin bincike na iya har yanzu dawo da shi. Lokacin da kamara ke aikawa CMD38 (SD_ERASE) ko NVMe Deallocate (TRIM), microcontroller na katin yana share Layer Fassarar Fassara mai ma'ana zuwa jiki (Farashin FTL) tebur don haka masu karatu na USB suna karɓar sifili nan da nan, yayin da tubalan NAND na zahiri suna jiran gogewar bango. A NAND flash dawo da lab (`PC-3000 Flash`) zai iya lalata guntuwar NAND ko haɗawa zuwa pinouts na monolith, ƙetare mai sarrafawa, zubar da albarkatun NAND, da sake gina teburin FTL kafin gogewar jiki ta ƙare.

Ta yaya zan warware da sake suna 4,000 fayiloli marasa suna (f1234567.cr3, f1234568.tif) sassaka ta PhotoRec?¶

Kowane kyamarar RAW da fayil ɗin JPEG suna haɗa ainihin tambarin ɗaukar hoto, ƙirar kyamara, da ruwan tabarau a cikin ciki. Farashin EXIF. Shigar `ExifTool` kuma gudanar da umarni ɗaya don tsara kowane fayil da aka sassaƙa cikin manyan fayiloli na lokaci-lokaci kuma sake suna ta lokacin kamawa: `exiftool -r '-FileName ### Me ya sa `PhotoRec` ko `Disk Drill` murmurewa `240 GB` fayiloli daga a `128 GB` katin SD?

Sai dai idan an sifili da kati tare da Tsarin Ƙaramar Matsayi, a `128 GB` kati yana gudanar da bikin auren yau a farkon `60 GB` na gungu da ragowar gungu daga harbe 2 ko 3 da suka gabata a cikin babba `68 GB`, tare da samfoti na JPEG da aka cire tare da kowane fayil na RAW. Da zarar kun gudu da ExifTool umarnin raba kwanan wata a sama, duk hotuna daga filin harbi na yau da kyau a cikin na yau `YYYY-MM-DD` babban fayil.

Ee. Sau ɗaya a CFexpress Nau'in A ko CFexpress Nau'in B an saka katin a cikin USB 3.2 ko Thunderbolt CFexpress reader, tsarin aiki yana gabatar da shi azaman daidaitaccen na'urar ajiya na NVMe wanda aka tsara tare da exFAT. Duk daidaitattun kayan aikin bincike na bincike da sassaƙa (damuwa, PhotoRec, R-Hoto, Disk Drill) aiki iri ɗaya akan katunan CFexpress, muddin kyamarar bata fitar da NVMe ba Rarraba (TRIM) umarni yayin tsarawa.

Kyamara suna keɓance gungu akan sabon kati da aka tsara a jere daga farkon tarin bayanai (`Cluster 2` gaba). Idan harbin ku na baya ya shagaltu `60 GB` (`2,000 RAW photos`) kuma ka tsara katin ka harbe `1.5 GB` (`30 new RAW photos`), kawai na farko `1.5 GB` na tsohon harbi (`50 old photos`) an sake rubuta shi, yayin da sauran `58.5 GB` (`1,950 old photos`) zaune sama da alamar 1.5 GB ya kasance kashi 100 cikin 100 daidai kuma ana iya murmurewa ta hanyar sassaƙa sa hannu.

Domin har yanzu RAW/JPEG daukar hoto, Janye baturin yayin da buffer ɗin ke yin ruwa yawanci yana rasa hotuna 1 zuwa 5 da har yanzu ke cikin RAM mara ƙarfi, ko kuma ɗan lalata `exFAT` bitmap (wanda `PhotoRec` ko `TestDisk` wucewa). Domin rikodin bidiyo (`.MP4` / `.MOV`), Janye baturin tsakiyar rikodi yana barin fayil ɗin bidiyo ba zai iya kunnawa ba saboda ƙarshe `moov` Ba a taɓa rubuta zarra ba; ga mu [Jagorar gyara bidiyo MP4/MOV kamara mara ƙarewa](camera-raw-video-mp4-mov-unfinalized-file-after-battery-death-or-crash-atom-header-repair.md) don sake gina wannan labarin.