Karete ea SD e hlakotsoeng kapa e hlophisitsoeng kapa Karete ea CFexpress ka Khamera Nakong ea ho Thunya: Ngola-Sireletsa Lock, Kotsi ea TRIM, le RAW Carving.¶

Tobetsa ka phoso Format Card (Format Media) ka hare ho k'hamera ea Sony Alpha, Canon EOS, Nikon Z, Fujifilm, kapa Panasonic Lumix bohareng ba lechato kapa lets'oao la khoebo, kapa ho bona sebonela-hōle Card Cannot Be Accessed / Card Not Formatted / Format Card?, ke toro e mpe ka ho fetisisa ea setšoantšisi le videographer. Metsotsoaneng e mehlano ea pele ka mor'a hore ka phoso sebopeho sa khamera kapa Delete All Images laela, **hoo e ka bang liperesente tse 100 tsa linepe tsa hau tsa RAW (.CR3, .ARW, .NEF, .RAF, .DNG) le likhatiso tsa video (.MP4, .MOV) ba ntse ba lutse ka 'mele ka har'a lisele tsa memori tsa NAND flash **. Se senyang lenyalo kapa ho thunya ka ho sa feleng ke se etsahalang ka mor'a moo: ho nka "lits'oants'o tse peli kapa tse tharo" ho bona hore na karete e sebetsa hape, ho lumella khamera hore e boele e ngole le ho ngola li-database tse ncha (SONY/AVCHD, DCIM/100CANON), kapa ho kenya karete e senyehileng ka har'a macOS kapa laptop ea Windows ntle le ho kenya sesebelisoa se sireletsang ho ngola sa hardware. Haeba sekotwana se le seng sa video se khaotsoe ke betri e shoeleng bohareng ba rekoto ho fapana le karete e hlophisitsoeng, tlolela ho khamera RAW video MP4 / MOV faele e sa phethoang ka mor'a lefu la betri le tokiso ea hlooho ea athomo; bakeng sa liphoso tsa hardware tsa karete ea memori ka kakaretso kapa ho hloleha ha 'mali, bona Bobolu ba karete ea SD, phoso ea karete ea memori ea khamera, le pholoso ea ketsahalo ea lenyalo le ho hlakolwa ha faele ka phoso, drive e hlophisitsoeng, le ho hlaphoheloa ha lifoto. Haeba litšoantšo tse lahlehileng li kenyelletsa bopaki ba botlokotsebe bo behang bophelo kotsing, ho thulana ha sephethephethe tseleng, kapa lipatlisiso tsa mapolesa, letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom) kapa sheba bukana ea rona ea dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. ** U SE KE UA tobetsa konopo ea shutter le hanngoe feela, ebe u hula betri ea khamera (kapa u bulela switch ea motlakase OFF 'me u ntše karete) hang-hang**: Lik'hamera tsa sejoale-joale tse se nang seipone (Sony, Canon, Nikon) tsoela pele ho ngola metadata ea morao-rao (INDX.BDM, MOVIEOBJ.BDM, .CTG catalogs) ho karete. Koala 'me u ntše karete nakong ea metsotsoana e 2.
2. Haeba karete e le karete e tloaelehileng ea SD / SDHC / SDXC, thellelisa 'mele LOCK switjha ka lehlakoreng le letshehadi TLASE ho ya diphini tse tlase hang hang: Ho thellela thebo ya mochini e sireletsang ho ngola ho LOCK e bolella babali ba karete ea USB ba lumellanang ho thibela litaelo tsohle tsa ho ngola. (CFexpress Type A/B, XQD, le microSD likarete ha li na switjha 'meleng; qobella mokhoa oa ho bala feela oa software khomphuteng ea hau pele u li hokela.)
3. Beha karete ka har'a mokotla o thata, o e ngole DO NOT USE - RECOVERY, 'me u kenye karete e ncha ka har'a khamera ho qeta ho thunya: Le ka mohla u se ke ua leka ho hlaphoheloa bohareng ba mokete o sebetsang ka beteri ea laptop. Fetola karete e ncha, netefatsa ho rekota ha li-slot tse peli (RAW + RAW backup) e sebetsa, 'me e etsa pholiso ea forensic tafoleng ka matla a AC.
4. ** LE KA mohla u tobetse "Format Disk," "Initialize," kapa "Scan le Lokisa (chkdsk)" ha o hokela karete ho Windows kapa macOS**: Ho tobetsa Skena le ho Lokisa ho matha chkdsk /f, e fetolang linepe tsa RAW tse arohaneng le melapo ea video ea 4K hore e se ke ea baloa FOUND.000/FILE0000.CHK likhechana, ho hatisa lihlopha tseo u lokelang ho li betla.
5. **Iketsetse setšoantšo sa "bit for bit sector" (.img kapa .dmg) ea karete ho SSD e kahare ea komporo ea hau u sebelisa ddrescue kapa Disk Drill / R-Photo pele o sebelisa scan ninete ea ho hlaphoheloa **: Kamehla etsa setšoantšo sa karete kaofela hang (64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB) ho faele ho SSD ea hau mme u tsamaise lisebelisoa tsohle tsa ho hlaphoheloa khahlano le .img kopitsa.
6. ** Sebelisa ka bobeli sehatisi se hlokomelang tsamaiso ea lifaele LE RAW e thehiloeng ho signature / sebini sa video se arohaneng (PhotoRec, R-Photo, Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, kapa SanDisk RescuePRO)**: E tloaelehileng Quick Format zero tse exFAT Tafole ea Kabo ea Lifaele (FAT / Cluster Bitmap), kahoo ho betla ho saena ho bala sehlopha se seng le se seng ka kotloloho ho ntša qeto e felletseng .CR3, .ARW, .NEF, le .RAF litšoantšo.

Sefate sa liqeto: sebopeho sa khamera, ho tlosoa, kapa Card Error tekolo ya tshohanyetso¶

Sebelisa flowchart ena hang ha karete ea memori e hlophisoa, e hlakoloa, kapa e hanoa nakong ea ho thunya:

flowchart TD
    Start["Boemo ba Tšohanyetso: Karete ea SD / CFexpress e hlophisitsoeng, e hlakotsoe, kapa e bonts'a phoso ea karete"] --> EjectNow["Tima Khamera Hang-hang & Eject Card (Take 0 More Shots)"]

    EjectNow --> CardType{"Sebopeho sa Karete ea 'Mele ke Efe?"}
    CardType -->|"SD / SDHC / SDXC e felletseng"| FlipSwitch["Slide Physical Ngola-Sireletsa Fetolela FASE ho LOCK Boemo"]
    CardType -->|"Mofuta oa CFexpress A / Mofuta oa B / XQD / microSD"| SoftLock["Ha ho na Phetoho ea 'Mele: Thibela OS Auto-Mount & Automount Ngola ho PC/Mac Pele"]

    FlipSwitch --> ImageCard["Hokela ka boleng ba USB 3.2 / Thunderbolt Reader -> Theha setšoantšo sa Bit-for-Bit (.img) ka ddrescue"]
    SoftLock --> ImageCard

    ImageCard --> HexCheck["Lekola Faele ea Litšoantšo bakeng sa Lintlha tsa Non-Zero (hexdump -C card.img | hlooho -n 40)"]
    HexCheck --> IsZeroed{"Na Makala Kaofela Ka mor'a Offset 64MB Pure Zeros (00 00) kapa FF FF?"}

    IsZeroed -->|"E: 100% E behiloe Kantle ho Setšoantšo se Felletseng"| TrimHit["Khamera e rometsoe Hardware SD_ERASE (CMD38) kapa NVMe TRIM: Ke feela Off-Chip NAND Pinout Lab e ka Lekang ho Pholosa."]
    IsZeroed -->|"Che: Rich Hex Data Present Across Across Card"| FailureMode{"Ho Etsahetse'ng ka Karete?"}

    FailureMode -->|"Hlakola ka Kotsi (Linepe tse le Mong kapa Tsohle)"| ExfatScan["Lenane la ho Kena le tšoauoa 0xE5 / 0x05 -> Matha R-Studio / Disk Drill / TestDisk ho khutlisetsa Mabitso a nepahetseng"]
    FailureMode -->|"Sebopeho sa Khamera (Sebopeho se Tloaelehileng sa FAT32 / exFAT)"| RawCarve["FAT / Cluster Bitmap Zeroed -> Matha Signature Carving (PhotoRec for RAW Photos / Advanced Fragment Carvers for MP4)"]
    FailureMode -->|"Khamera e re: Karete ha e khonehe ho fihlella / e hloka Sebopeho"| PartitionFix["Setsi sa Boot se Senyehileng kapa Tafole ea Karolo -> Haha Secha sa Boot Backup ka TestDisk KAPA Carve Raw Image"]

Mohato oa 1: Ha e le hantle ho etsahala'ng ka karete ea SD kapa CFexpress ha u otla "Format"¶

Ke hobane'ng ha ba bang ba lifoto ba hlaphoheloa 100% ea lifaele tsa bona tse 2,500 tsa lenyalo tsa RAW ka mor'a sebopeho sa khamera ka phoso, ha ba bang ba hlaphoheloa 100% ea lifoto tsa bona e le e phethahetseng .CR3 / .NEF lifaele li ntse li fumana hore 4K ea tsona .MP4 likoto tsa video li ke ke tsa bapala, 'me sehlopha sa boraro se tla bona 0 files found? Karabo e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse tharo tsa tekheniki: Standard vs. Low-Level Format (CMD38 / TRIM), exFAT kabo ea cluster, le Photo vs. Karohano ea video.

1. Standard Format vs. Canon "Low-Level Format" vs. Sony Full Format (SD_ERASE)¶

Bapisa kamoo moetsi e mong le e mong oa khamera a sebelisang taelo ea menu Format ho khamera SDXC le CFexpress media:

2. Ke hobane'ng ha linepe tse RAW li betla ka mokhoa o hloekileng karolong e le 'ngoe ha 4K .MP4 / .MOV sekhechana sa likoto tsa video¶

Le ha kabo ea bitmap (FAT / exFAT Cluster Heap Bitmap) e hlakotsoe ke sebopeho, hobaneng ho ka PhotoRec Fumana linepe tse 3,000 tsa RAW ntle le matla ha u ntse u sokola .MP4 lifaele tsa video?

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| HOW CAMERAS WRITE RAW PHOTOS VS. 4K VIDEO CLIPS ON exFAT CARDS          |
|                                                                         |
| 1. STILL PHOTOS (.CR3 / .ARW / .NEF / .JPG):                            |
|    [Cluster 100][Cluster 101][Cluster 102][Cluster 103] (45 MB total)   |
|    -> Stored CONTIGUOUSLY (one cluster right after another) unless you  |
|       deleted individual photos mid-shoot and filled tiny gaps.         |
|    -> A carver scans for the TIFF/CR3 start header (49 49 2A 00 or      |
|       ftypcrx) and reads straight through to the end of the photo.      |
|                                                                         |
| 2. DUAL-STREAM VIDEO + PROXY + XML OR INTERLEAVED AUDIO/VIDEO (.MP4):   |
|    [4K Video Chunk 1][Proxy Sub-Stream Chunk 1][4K Video Chunk 2][Thumb]|
|    -> Many cameras record main 4K video (M4ROOT/CLIP/C0001.MP4) and     |
|       a low-res proxy (SUB/C0001S01.MP4) or XML telemetry simultaneously|
|    -> This interleaves clusters on disk: Main Video -> Proxy -> Main.   |
|    -> When formatting wipes the exFAT cluster chain, a naive carver     |
|       glues Proxy clusters into the middle of the 4K video file.        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Ka lebaka la ho kopana hona, ho fola lifoto tse ntseng li le RAW/JPEG ho sebetsa le baetsi ba tatellano ba mahala (PhotoRec / R-Photo), athe ho hlaphoheloa ** interleaved/fragmented .MP4 le .MOV video ka mor'a sebopeho ** e hloka sehahi se secha sa video (Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, Treasure / Grau, kapa recover_mp4 + GoPro/Sony fragment stitcher) e hlalosang H.264 / H.265 (HEVC) likarolo tsa NAL le PCM / AAC lihlopha tsa molumo ka sehlopha.

Mokhahlelo oa 2: Ho notlela karete le ho theha "bit-for-bit" clone ea forensic (.img)¶

Le ka mohla u se ke ua lumella Windows Explorer, macOS Finder (mds_stores / Spotlight), Adobe Lightroom, kapa Photo Mechanic ngola .DS_Store, .Spotlight-V100, System Volume Information, kapa .pmingest lifaele kareteng eo u lekang ho e pholosa.

Mohato oa 1: Kenya letsoho ts'ireletso ea ho ngola ea Hardware le sistimi e sebetsang¶

1. Bakeng sa Likarete tsa SD / SDHC / SDXC tse Felletseng: Tšoara karete ea SD e shebaneng le uena 'me lithakhisa tsa khauta ka morao li shebile holimo. Batla selaeere se senyenyane sa polasetiki ka lehlakoreng le letšehali ** ebe u se sutumelletsa ** TLAS'** (hole le lithakhisa tsa khauta) ho LOCK boemo.
2. Bakeng sa CFexpress Type A, CFexpress Type B, XQD, le microSD Likarete (Ha ho Phetoho ea 'Mele):
3. Ho macOS: Pele o kenya karete, bula Terminal 'me u itokisetse ho theola sistimi hang-hang (diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN) ha u ntse u siea sesebelisoa se secha (/dev/rdiskN) e fumaneha bakeng sa ho qapa feela.
4. Ho Linux (Ubuntu / Fedora): Tlosa automount ea komporo (gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false) pele o kenya karete.
5. On Windows 10 / 11: Qoba ho fana ka lengolo la drive kapa ho bula Explorer ha u ntse u nahana ka koloi e tala ho R-Photo kapa Disk Drill.

Mohato oa 2: Theha faele ea setšoantšo bakeng sa bit-for-bit (wedding_card1.img) ho SSD ea hau ea kahare¶

Pele o sebelisa software efe kapa efe ea ho hlaphoheloa, kopitsa karolo e ngoe le e ngoe (Sector 0 ho isa karolong ea ho qetela ea karete) hore e be e le 'ngoe .img faele ka koloing e potlakileng ea NVMe/SSD e nang le bonyane 1.5x ho 2x boleng ba karete mahala.

Khetho A: Ho sebelisa GNU ddrescue ho macOS kapa Linux (Gold Standard)¶

1. Kenya karete e notletsoeng ho USB 3.2 Gen 2 kapa sebali sa karete ea Thunderbolt.
2. Hlalosa sesupo sa sesebelisoa sa karete eohle (eseng feela karohano):
3. Ho macOS: Matha diskutil list ho fumana karete ea hau ea kantle (mohlala, /dev/disk4), ebe hang-hang o theola molumo oa eona hore Finder le Spotlight li se ke tsa ngola .DS_Store: diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk4.
4. Ho Linux: Matha lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,RO,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINTS (mohlala, /dev/sdc kapa /dev/nvme1n1 bakeng sa babali ba PCIe CFexpress) le ho theola likarolo life kapa life: sudo umount /dev/sdc* 2>/dev/null.
5. Matha ddrescue ho sebelisa sesebelisoa sa litlhaku tse tala ho macOS (/dev/rdisk4 sebakeng sa /dev/disk4) kapa thibela sesebelisoa ho Linux (/dev/sdc):

   # On macOS (install via: brew install ddrescue)
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/rdisk4 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.map
   
   # On Linux
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/sdc ~/wedding_card1.img ~/wedding_card1.map
   

   Ka bophelo bo botle ba 128 gigabyte UHS-II SDXC karete (280 MB/s) kapa CFexpress Type B karete (1,500 MB/s), bekapo ena e felletseng e fela ka metsotso e 2 ho isa ho metsotso e 8. Hang ddrescue litlaleho 100% rescued, ntša karete ea 'mele ebe u e khutlisetsa boemong ba eona. Etsa karolo ea 100 lekholong ea mosebetsi oa hau oa ho hlaphoheloa wedding_card1.img.

Khetho ea B: Ho theha setšoantšo sa "backup" sa byte-to-byte ho Windows (Free GUI)¶

1. Khoasolla R-Photo (ka R-Tools Technology, mahala bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa lifoto/video), Disk Drill, kapa DMDE.
2. Ho R-Photo, tobetsa ka ho le letona sesebelisoa sa karete ea SD/CFexpress (128 GB Generic Storage Device, eseng feela E: partition) ebe u khetha Etsa Setšoantšo -> Setšoantšo sa Byte-to-byte (.dsk / .img), ho e boloka ho SSD ea hau e ka hare.
3. Ho Disk Drill, tobetsa Byte-to-byte Backup ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, khetha karete, 'me u boloke .img faele ho SSD ea hau ea kahare.

Mohato oa 3: Etsa tlhahlobo ea metsotsoana e 5 ea Hex (Did the camera zero my NAND flash with CMD38 / TRIM?)¶

Hlahloba hore na wedding_card1.img e na le data ea 'nete e hatisitsoeng ho feta li-megabyte tse 100 tsa pele (moo ho se nang letho exFAT litafole phela):

hexdump -C -s 104857600 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img | head -n 40

Mokhahlelo oa 3: Ho khutlisa lifaele tse tlositsoeng khahlano le linepe tse hlophisitsoeng tsa RAW (PhotoRec, TestDisk, R-Photo)¶

Khetha mokhoa oa ho hlaphoheloa ho latela se etsahetseng ka karete:

Boemo ba 1: Ka phoso o ile oa otla "Delete" kapa "Delete All Images" (HA UA fomata karete)¶

Ha o hlakola linepe ka har'a khamera ntle le ho fometa, the exFAT kapa FAT32 Tafole ea kabo le li-directory li ntse li le teng hangata: kh'amera e fetola feela li-byte tsa pele tsa rekoto ea directory ea faele ka 'ngoe (0x85 ho kena faeleng exFAT fetotsoe ho 0x05 lesupa le sa sebelisoeng, kapa 0xE5 ho FAT32). 1. Bula wedding_card1.img ho TestDisk, DMDE, R-Photo, kapa Disk Drill:

# Using TestDisk on macOS / Linux / Windows:
testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img

Boemo ba 2: U hlophisitse karete ka har'a khamera (Quick / Standard Format) mme o hloka linepe tsa RAW & JPEG¶

Ha karete e hlophisitsoe ka har'a khamera, faele ea exFAT motso directory (DCIM/100EOS5D) le Cluster Allocation Bitmap ha e na letho. Standard Undelete e tla bontša foldara e se nang letho. U tlameha ho sebelisa Signature Carving (Raw File Carving), e hlokomolohang sistimi e hlakotsoeng ka botlalo mme e lekola karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea wedding_card1.img bakeng sa sehlooho se hlakileng sa binary le botlaaseng ba sebopeho sa RAW sa khamera ea hau:

Mohato ka mohato RAW Photo Carving ka PhotoRec (Mahala, Mohloli o Bulehileng, Sethala sa Sefapano)¶

1. Theha foldara e se nang letho ho drive e nang le sebaka se ngata sa mahala:

   mkdir -p ~/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos
   

2. Qala PhotoRec e supa ka kotloloho faeleng ea hau ea setšoantšo:

   photorec ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img
   

3. Hlophisa PhotoRec bakeng sa lebelo le holimo le ho nepahala:
4. Khetha wedding_card1.img -> [Proceed].
5. Totobatsa [File Opt] ka tlase pele o qala ho skena: tobetsa s ho tima mefuta eohle ea lifaele tse 300 tse sa bonahaleng tsa liofisi / tsa polokelo, ebe o nolofalletsa **feela ** [x] jpg, [x] tif (sekoahelo .ARW, .NEF, .CR2, .DNG), [x] cr3 (mov/mp4/crx), le [x] raf. Tobetsa b ho boloka li-setting.
6. Khetha karohano (kapa Whole disk), khetha [Other] (FAT/NTFS/exFAT/HFS+), khetha [Whole] (shekola karohano eohle, eseng feela sebaka se sa abuoang, kaha karete e entsoe), ebe u khetha -/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos ka ho tobetsa C.

Mohato oa 4: Ho khutlisa 4K / 8K e hlophisitsoeng kapa e arohaneng .MP4 le .MOV video ea lenyalo¶

Haeba o fomete karete e nang le likotwana tsa video (.MP4, .MOV, .CRM, .BRAW) ho tsoa ho Sony FX3/a7S III, Canon R5C/C70, Panasonic GH6/S5II, DJI Drone, kapa GoPro, o tla hlokomela kapele bothata ka babetli ba tloaelehileng joalo ka PhotoRec: - E betliloeng .mp4 lifaele ha li khone ho bapaloa (0 seconds nako)** kapa bapala metsotsoana e 2 ebe u hoama. - Hobaneng? Ka lebaka la mabaka a mabeli: 1. Sehlopha sa li-proxy/audio/telemetry tse fapanyetsanang: Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong Mokhahlelong oa 1, lik'hamera tse rekotang melapo e 'meli (Main 4K + Sub Proxy kapa .XML sidecars) lihlopha tse fapanyetsanang kareteng. 2. A arohane ftyp / mdat / moov liathomo: Ea kajeno .MP4 le .MOV lijana beha video e tala e hatisitsoeng / audio molapo ka har'a seqhenqha mdat athomo ebe u ngola tafole ea index (moov atom) qetellong ea ho rekota. Haeba e mdat le moov liathomo ba ne ba arotsoe ka mose lihlopha bao e seng contiguous ka karete, e linear mmetli petsoha bona ka difaele tse peli tse robehileng.

Mokhoa oa ho aha likoto tsa video tsa kh'amera tse hlophisitsoeng / tse arohaneng¶

1. Sebelisa Sets'oants'o sa Video sa K'hamera e Hlollang Sekhechana (Disk Drill 5+ Advanced Camera Recovery kapa SanDisk RescuePRO Deluxe): Ho fapana le baetsi ba lifaele ba tloaelehileng ba balang lihlopha ka mokhoa o tšoanang, li-module tsa morao-rao tse khethehileng tsa khamera li hlahloba wedding_card1.img bakeng sa e mong le e mong mdat selae sa video le moov Tafole ea index, tseba hore na sehlopha sa kh'amera se kopane joang (mohlala, Sony XAVC-S / XAVC-HS, Canon XF-AVC / MP4, GoPro Chaptered MP4, DJI Drone MP4), hlobola lihlopha tsa li-proxy tse arohaneng, 'me u kopanye hape lihlopha tsa li-proxy tse phahameng-bitrate le tsa molumo hore e bapallehe .MP4.
2. ** Haeba e betliloeng .MP4 kapa .MOV faele e na le boholo ba eona bo felletseng (e.g., 4.2 GB) ho disk empa e hana ho bula ho Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, kapa VLC (moov atom not found)**: Lintlha tsa video (mdat) e ne e betliloeng e ntse e le teng, empa the moov Hlooho ea index qetellong ea sekotwana e fositse kapa e ngotsoe holimo nakong ea sebopeho. U ka boela ua haha ​​bocha moov athomo ka metsotsoana e 30 ka ho fana ka **referense e sebetsang .MP4 faele ** e thuntsoe ka kh'amera e ts'oanang e nang le qeto e ts'oanang, framerate, le codec e sebelisa untrunc kapa recover_mp4:

   # Using untrunc with a working sample video from the same camera body:
   untrunc /path/to/working_reference_from_same_camera.MP4 /path/to/carved_unplayable_clip.mp4
   

   Bakeng sa taelo e felletseng ea mohato ka mohato ea ho aha bocha e sieo moov liathomo le mdat lihlooho tse nang le recover_mp4 le ffmpeg, latela tataiso ea banab'eso: Khamera RAW video ea MP4 le faele ea MOV e sa phethoang kamora lefu la betri kapa ho oa: tokiso ea hlooho ea athomo.

Mokhahlelo oa 5: Ho lokisa "Card Cannot Be Accessed / Format Card" KA NTLE le ho fometa¶

Ho thoe'ng haeba u sa ka ua fometa karete, 'me ho e-na le hoo, kh'amera kapa laptop ea hao ea hlaha ka tšohanyetso Card Cannot Be Accessed. Reinsert/Change the Card or Format Card with Camera(Canon Err 02, Sony Unable to read memory card, Windows RAW Partition)?

1. ** Qala ka ho hlahloba lithakhisa tsa khauta le 'mali oa karete **: Hloekisa lipampiri tsa khauta tse kareteng ea SD kapa CFexpress ka bonolo ka lesela la microfiber le se nang lint le kolobisitsoeng ka lerotholi le lenyane la 99% isopropyl joala (le ka mohla u se ke ua bululela moea o mongobo ka har'a slot ea CFexpress). Lekola sebali sa bobeli sa karete ea USB ea boleng bo holimo.
2. ** Setšoantšo sa karete ka ddrescue hang-hang (Mokhahlelo oa 2)**. Leha karohano e nyoloha joalo ka RAW (Unformatted) ho Windows Disk Management, ddrescue e kopitsa likarolo tse tala ka tlase ho lera la sistimi.
3. Khutlisetsa Backup exFAT Boot Sector ka TestDisk (ka kopi ea wedding_card1.img): Emong le emong exFAT karete e boloka e ts'oanang Backup Boot Sector ho Sector 12 ka morao ho Main Boot Sector ho Sector 0. Haeba motlakase o sa fetoheng kapa o hulela karete kantle ha LED e ntse e panya e senyehile Sector 0, karete eohle e hlaha e "Unformatted" le hoja karolo ea 100 lekholong ea sefate sa directory e ntse e le teng:

   cp ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   # Select: [Proceed] -> [Intel] -> [Advanced] -> Select Partition -> [Boot] -> [Backup BS]
   

   Ho kopitsa Backup Boot Sector holima Main Boot Sector e senyehileng ho wedding_card1_workcopy.img hangata e phahamisa kaofela DCIM foldara hang-hang ka liperesente tse 100 tsa mabitso a hau a mantlha le lifoldara li ntse li le teng.

Mokhahlelo oa 6: Lethathamo la polokeho ea karete ea memori ea lenyalo le khoebo¶

Hang ha u se u pholositse thunya le ho boloka lifaele tse fumanoeng bonyane ho li-drive tse peli tse arohaneng, sebelisa melao ena ea taeo ea tšimo:

• Thunya bekapo ea likarete tse peli (Simultaneous / Relay Redundancy: Slot 1 + Slot 2) mosebetsing o mong le o mong o lefuoang: Beha libaka tseo ka bobeli hore li ngole RAW e felletseng ka nako e le 'ngoe (le video e nang le li-slot tse peli moo e tšehetsoeng).
• **Le ka mohla u se ke ua hlakola linepe tsa motho ka mong ka har'a khamera nakong ea ho thunya **: Ho hlakola lithunya tse mpe tse bohareng ba thunya lithunya tse nyane tse nang le masoba a se nang letho hohle hohle. exFAT bitmap, e qobellang kh'amera hore e arole lifaele tsa video tsa RAW kapa 4K tse latelang ho pholletsa le lihlopha tse sa kopaneng. Ema ho fihlela ho kenngoa ho Lightroom kapa Capture One ho khaola.
• Beha sepache sa karete ea "Penolo / E Felletseng" se arohane le sepache sa karete ea "Sekheo": Fetolela likarete tse felletseng ka har'a mokotla o thata o ngotsoeng ka bofubelu ebe u thellela SD LOCK switjha hang hang ha o tloswa khamera.
• ** Fometa likarete ka khamera FEELA qalong ea morero o mocha ka mor'a ho netefatsa hore thunya e fetileng e fetisa molao oa ho boloka 3-2-1 **: Le ka mohla u se ke ua fomata karete ho fihlela thunya e fetileng e lutse holim'a SSD ea hau e sebetsang, NAS/RAID ea hau ea sebakeng sa heno, le bekapo e kantle ho naha (li-backups tsa komporo le leano la 3-2-1).

Linomoro tsa libaka tsa tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa mekhatlo¶

Mecha ea litaba ea dijithale e lahlehileng kapa e senyehileng e kenyelletsang litšoantšo tsa ho thulana ha dashcam/bodycam, liketsahalo tsa botlokotsebe, kapa lirekoto tsa molao li baka maemo a tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa molao:

• United States le Canada: Letsetsa 911 bakeng sa maemo afe kapa afe a tšohanyetso a bongaka, mollo, kapa mapolesa moo dashcam, drone, kapa litšoantšo tsa khamera li nkang ketsahalo e etsahalang. Haeba karete ea memori e na le bopaki ba botlokotsebe, notlela karete eo, u e behe ka har'a enfelopo ea bopaki e ngotsoeng, 'me u e fe ba forensics ea molao ho boloka Chain of Custody (NIST SP 800-86).
• United Kingdom: Daela 999 bakeng sa karabelo ea mapolesa ea tšohanyetso, mollo, kapa ambulense, kapa 101 bakeng sa tlhahiso ea bopaki ba mapolesa ao e seng a tšohanyetso (joalo ka National Dash Cam Safety Portal). Latela ** NPCC Digital Forensics ** litataiso ka ho boloka karete ea mantlha e sa sebetsoa.
• European Union: Letsetsa 112 ho phatlalla le linaha tsohle tseo e leng litho tsa EU bakeng sa maemo a tšohanyetso a bongaka kapa mapolesa. Hlokomela GDPR Article 32 ea ts'ireletso le boitlamo ba ho nka lifoto tsa bareki.
• Australia le New Zealand: Letsetsa 000 Australia kapa 111 New Zealand bakeng sa karabelo ea tšohanyetso.
• India le Asia-Pacific: Daela 112 India; boloka litaba tsa mantlha tsa polokelo ea elektroniki li ntse li le teng tlasa Karolo ea 63 ea Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) bakeng sa kamohelo.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Ho thoe'ng haeba oa ka hexdump cheke e bontšitse tsohle 00 00 kapa FF FF zero hobane ke fomete karete ea Sony kapa ke hlahlobile "Low-Level Format" ho Canon?¶

Haeba u khaotse karete hang-hang 'me u sa e tlohela e ntse e buletsoe, lab e khethehileng e ntse e ka e fumana hape. Ha khamera e romela CMD38 (SD_ERASE) kapa NVMe Deallocate (TRIM), microcontroller ea karete e hlakola Flash Translation Layer ea eona e utloahalang ho ea ho 'mele (FTL) tafole e le hore babali ba USB ba fumane zero hang-hang, ha li-block tsa NAND tsa 'mele li emetse ho hlakoloa. Lab ea ho hlaphoheloa ha Flash ea NAND (`PC-3000 Flash`) e ka senya chip ea NAND kapa ea hokela ho li-pinouts tsa monolith, ea feta molaoli, ea lahla maqephe a tala a NAND, 'me ea aha tafole ea FTL bocha pele ho hlakola boloko ba 'mele ho fela.

Ke hlophisa joang le ho reha lifaele tse 4,000 tse sa boleloang ka mabitso (f1234567.cr3, f1234568.tif) e betliloeng ke PhotoRec?¶

Khamera e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea RAW le faele ea JPEG e kenyelletsa setempe sa eona sa nako ea ho hapa, mohlala oa khamera le lense ka hare ho eona. Sehlooho sa EXIF. Kenya `ExifTool` 'me u tsamaise taelo e le' ngoe ho hlophisa faele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e betliloeng ho lifoldara tsa tatellano ea liketsahalo ebe u li reha lebitso ka nako ea ho hapa: `exiftool -r '-FileName ### Hobaneng o entse joalo `PhotoRec` kapa `Disk Drill` fola `240 GB` ea lifaele tse tsoang ho a `128 GB` Karete ea SD?

Ntle le haeba karete e ne e le zero ka Format ea Boemo bo Tlase, a `128 GB` karete tšoara kajeno lenyalo thunyana ka ea pele `60 GB` ea lihlopha hammoho le lihlopha tse setseng ho tloha ho tse 2 kapa tse 3 tse fetileng ka holimo `68 GB`, hammoho le liponelopele tsa JPEG tse kentsoeng haufi le faele ka 'ngoe ea RAW. Hang ha u matha ea ExifTool taelo ea ho hlopha matsatsi ka holimo, linepe tsohle tse tsoang litšoantšong tsa kajeno li lula hantle ka har'a tsa kajeno `YYYY-MM-DD` foldara.

Ee. Hang a CFexpress Mofuta oa A kapa CFexpress Mofuta oa B karete e kenngoa ka har'a sebali sa USB 3.2 kapa Thunderbolt CFexpress, sistimi e sebetsang e e hlahisa e le sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng sa polokelo ea NVMe se hlophisitsoeng ka ExFAT. Lisebelisoa tsohle tse tloaelehileng tsa ho etsa litšoantšo le ho betla (drescue/, PhotoRec, R-Senepe, Disk Drill) sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho likarete tsa CFexpress, ha feela khamera e sa fane ka NVMe Deallocate (TRIM) taelo nakong ya ho fometa.

Lik'hamera li abela lihlopha kareteng e ncha e hlophisitsoeng ka tatellano ho tloha qalong ea qubu ea data (`Cluster 2` pele). Haeba thunya ea hau e fetileng e ne e tšoarehile `60 GB` (`2,000 RAW photos`) mme o fomete karete mme wa thunya `1.5 GB` (`30 new RAW photos`), ea pele feela `1.5 GB` ea letlobo la khale (`50 old photos`) e ile ea ngoloa holimo, ha e setseng `58.5 GB` (`1,950 old photos`) e lutseng ka nģ'ane ho letšoao la 1.5 GB e lula e le karolo ea 100 lekholong 'me e ka khutlisoa ka ho betla ka mosaeno.

Bakeng sa e ntse e le RAW/JPEG ho nka lifoto, ho hula betri ha buffer e ntse e phalla hangata ho lahleheloa ke linepe tse 1 ho isa ho tse 5 tse ntseng li le ho RAM e sa fetoheng, kapa ho senya `exFAT` bitmap (e leng `PhotoRec` kapa `TestDisk` lipallo). Bakeng sa ho rekota video (`.MP4` / `.MOV`), ho hula betri bohareng ba ho rekota ho siea faele ea video e sa bapaloe hobane ea ho qetela `moov` athomo ea index ha ea ka ea ngoloa; bona tsa rona [Tataiso ea ho lokisa video ea MP4/MOV e sa phethoang](camera-raw-video-mp4-mov-unfinalized-file-after-battery-death-or-crash-atom-header-repair.md) ho aha hlooho eo bocha.