Polokelo ea Lijo tsa Tšohanyetso ea Matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho a 90 ntle le Motlakase¶

Ha koluoa ​​​​ea tlhaho, tšitiso ea phepelo ea thepa, kapa ho tima marang-rang a atolositsoeng ho koala mabenkele a maholo le ho tima lihatsetsi tsa lapeng, ho ba le phepelo ea lijo e hlophisitsoeng, e tsitsitseng lishelefong ho thibela tlala le tšabo. Leha ho le joalo, ho boloka thepa e sebetsang ka ntle ho grid ho hloka ho fetang feela ho reka makotikoti a meroho kapa mekotla e mengata ea koro e tala eo u se nang mokhoa oa ho e sila kapa ho e baka ntle le motlakase. Ho tseba ho bala litlhoko tsa 'nete tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa caloric le macronutrient, ho leka-lekanya lijo tse seng li loketse ho jeoa tsa matsatsi a 14 le lijo tse omeletseng tsa matsatsi a 30 ho isa ho a 90 tse tiisitsoeng ka mekotleng ea Mylar e nang le oksijene, le hore na ke lijo life tse sa lokelang ho bolokoa ka har'a liphutheloana tsa oksijene ka lebaka la Clostridium botulinum nourinum e boloka lelapa la hau le bolokehile.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. Rera bonyane 2,000 ho 2,500 kilocalories (kcal) ka motho e moholo ka letsatsi, eseng feela "lijo tse tharo." Likhoebo tse ngata tsa "lijo tsa tšohanyetso tsa lihora tse 72" li phatlalatsa lijo tse 9 ka lebokoseng ha li fana ka 800 feela ho 1,100 kilocalories ka letsatsi, e leng se bakang mokhathala, hypothermia nakong ea koluoa ​​​​ea 'mele, le kotsi ea ho fokotseha ha' mele. Atisa **2,200 kcal × matsatsi a 14 = 30,800 kcal ho motho e moholo ** bakeng sa phepelo ea libeke tse peli, kapa **198,000 kcal ka motho e moholo ** bakeng sa polokelo ea matsatsi a 90.
2. Make the first 7 to 14 days of your supply 100% "no-cook" or "boil-water-only" foods. During the first week of a hurricane, earthquake, or winter blackout, you may have zero electricity, no natural gas, and limited water for washing pots. Stock canned fish and meats, peanut/nut butters, crackers, canned beans, canned fruit, shelf-stable UHT milk, trail mix, and instant oats before buying bulk raw grains.
3. Store two manual rotary can openers (plus a military P-38/P-51 steel pocket opener) taped directly to your pantry shelf. Thirty-five percent of households with canned emergency food rely on an electric countertop can opener that becomes a paperweight the second the grid fails.
4. Le ka mohla u se ke ua koala lijo tse mongobo (ka holimo ho 10% mongobo) kapa lijo tse mafura ka har'a mekotla ea Mylar e nang le lintho tse monyang oksijene. Ho koala lijo tse mongobo (joalo ka tsoekere e sootho, jerky, litholoana tse omisitsoeng, meroho e seng metsi hanyane, kapa bohobe/pasta e nang le mongobo o ka holimo ho 10%) ka har'a mokotla oa Mylar o se nang oksijene o etsa hore ho be le tikoloho e futhumetseng, e mongobo e hlokahalang bakeng sa oksijene-free-anaerobic. botulinum* (botulism) spores** ho mela le ho hlahisa neurotoxin e bolaeang ntle le ho fetola monko kapa tatso ea lijo.
5. klzzwxh:0068 K'hilograma e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e 1 (liponto tse 2.2) ea reisi e oeng, pasta, habore, kapa linaoa e hloka 2 ho isa ho 3 lithara (2 ho isa ho 3 US quarts) tsa metsi a hloekileng a nooang ho khutlisetsa metsi le ho pheha. Le ka mohla u se ke ua paka li-staples tse omeletseng ntle le ho boloka metsi a tšoanang a tlhophiso haufi le phepelo ea hau ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 4-lithara ea motho ka mong. Bona belisa litsebiso tsa metsi le polokeho ea metsi.
6. Keep all stored food in a cool, dark interior closet or basement between 10 and 21 degrees Celsius (50 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit). Under the Van 't Hoff / Arrhenius food chemistry rule, every 10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit) increase in storage temperature cuts the shelf life and vitamin retention of stored food in half. Never store emergency food in an uninsulated attic, hot garage, or outdoor shed.

flowchart TD
    Start["Haha Phepelo ea Lijo tsa Ts'ohanyetso ea Layered Off-Grid"] --> Tier1["Tier 1: Days 1 to 14 (No-Cook & Low-Water Working Pantry)"]
    Start --> Tier2["Tier 2: Days 15 to 90 (Dry Staples + Commercial Freeze-Dried Pouches)"]
    Tier1 --> ReadyEat["Canned Fish/Meat, Nut Butters, Canned Beans/Fruit, Crackers, UHT Milk, Olive Oil"]
    ReadyEat --> Rotate1["FIFO Rotation: Eat What You Store, Replace Every 6 to 18 Months"]
    Tier2 --> MoistureCheck{"Is Food Dry (<10% Moisture) and Low-Oil (<5% Fat)?"}
    MoistureCheck -->|Yes: White Rice, Dry Beans, Rolled Oats, Wheat, Pasta, Dry Milk| MylarPack["Seal in 5-to-7-Mil Aluminum Foil Mylar Bag With Correct cc Oxygen Absorber"]
    MylarPack --> BucketStore["Place Sealed Mylar Bags Inside Rodent-Proof 19 L (5 Gal) HDPE Bucket (10 to 30 Year Life)"]
    MoistureCheck -->|No: Brown Rice, Nuts, Oils, Sugar, Salt, Dried Fruit| AltStore["Never Use O2 Absorber on Sugar/Moist Foods: Rotate Oils/Brown Rice Every 6 to 12 Months"]

Caloric and macronutrient math: how much food a human actually needs¶

During a disaster, physical labor (clearing fallen tree limbs, hauling water buckets up stairs, walking when transit is down, or shivering in an unheated room) increases your basal metabolic rate by 20% to 50%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Sphere Humanitarian Charter, a survival diet must meet minimum daily energy and macronutrient ratios so your body does not catabolize muscle tissue or suffer micronutrient deficiency.

Why dietary fat is the secret weapon of compact emergency food storage¶

Carbohydrates (rice, pasta, oats, flour) and proteins (beans, lean tuna, lentils) provide 4 kilocalories per gram. By contrast, dietary fats and oils provide 9 kilocalories per gram, more than double the energy density in less than half the space. - A single 1-liter (33.8-ounce) bottle of extra-virgin olive oil, coconut oil, or vegetable oil contains 8,000 to 8,800 kilocalories and requires zero water or fuel to consume; simply drizzle 2 tablespoons (240 kcal) over a bowl of canned beans or rice to turn a low-calorie starch into a satiating meal. - A single 1.13-kilogram (40-ounce) jar of peanut butter or almond butter delivers 6,500 to 7,000 kilocalories, high protein, healthy fats, and a 1-to-2-year pantry shelf life with zero cooking required.

Tier 1: Building the 14-day "No-Cook" Working Pantry (Days 1 to 14)¶

Before buying a single Mylar bag or 25-year bucket of freeze-dried food, build your 14-Day Working Pantry using normal, delicious shelf-stable grocery items that your family already eats every week. This prevents "appetite fatigue" (where children and older adults refuse to eat unfamiliar survival rations under stress) and prevents gastrointestinal distress caused by switching abruptly to a 100% wheat-and-bean diet.

Exact 14-day no-cook / low-fuel shopping list for 1 adult (Provides -32,000 kcal)¶

Multiply these quantities by the number of adults in your household: - Proteins (Ready to eat cold from the can or pouch): - 10 cans or foil pouches of tuna, salmon, sardines, or mackerel in olive oil (choose fish packed in oil rather than water; pouring the oil over crackers or rice adds 150 bonus calories per can). - 6 cans of chunk chicken breast, roast beef, corned beef, or SPAM/luncheon meat. - 8 cans (425 g / 15 oz each) of precooked black beans, pinto beans, chickpeas, baked beans, or lentil soup (canned beans are already pressure-cooked and safe to eat straight from the can at room temperature without a stove). - 2 large jars (750 g to 1 kg / 28 to 40 oz each) of creamy or crunchy peanut butter, sunflower seed butter, or almond butter. - Carbohydrates and Grains (No-cook or 2-minute hot water soak): - 2 canisters (1.2 kg / 42 oz each) of quick-cooking rolled oats (quick oats can be soaked overnight in cold water or milk, known as "overnight oats," and eaten with zero cooking fuel). - 4 boxes of whole-grain crackers, saltines, or crisp flatbreads (sealed in inner wax/foil sleeves). - 2 packages of flour tortillas (store-bought tortillas last weeks at room temperature and do not crumble like bread). - 14 high-calorie protein/granola bars or trail mix packs (at least 250 kcal each). - Fruits, Vegetables, Dairy, and Fats: - 8 cans of diced peaches, pears, pineapple, or mandarin oranges packed in 100% fruit juice (drink the juice from the can for vitamin C, potassium, and hydration). - 6 cans of low-sodium vegetables (sweet corn, green beans, carrots, diced tomatoes). - 4 liters (4 quarts) of shelf-stable UHT (Ultra-High Temperature pasteurized) boxed milk or 1 large tin of instant nonfat/whole dry milk powder. - 1 bottle (500 mL to 1 L) of olive oil or coconut oil + 1 squeeze bottle of pure honey (pure raw/pasteurized honey has a low water activity below 0.60 and an indefinite shelf life; crystalized honey liquefies when placed in a bowl of warm water). - Morale, Electrolytes, and Micronutrients: - Instant coffee or tea bags (prevents caffeine-withdrawal headaches on Day 2 of a crisis), hot cocoa packets, bouillon cubes, iodized salt, black pepper, hot sauce, and a 90-count bottle of daily adult and children's multivitamins.

Mothati oa 2: matsatsi a 30 ho isa ho a 90 polokelo ea bongata e ommeng e sebelisa mekotla ea Mylar le lintho tse monyang oksijene.¶

Ho eketsa phepelo ea hau ea lijo ho tloha ho matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho matsatsi a 90 (likhoeli tse 3) kapa selemo se le seng ka karoloana ea litšenyehelo tsa lijo tsa kampong tsa khoebo, ja lijo tse omeletseng tse mongobo o tlase, tse omileng ka oli e nyane, joalo ka **raese e tšoeu, linaoa tse omileng / tse ntšo/phio, li-oats tse kolobisitsoeng, monokotšoai oa koro o thata kapa o mosoeu, lebese le omileng, harese e omileng, harese mosebetsi o boima aluminised mekotla ea Mylar e nang le mesebetsi ea tšepe ea phofshoana ea oksijene (\(O_2\) absorbers).

Kamoo Mylar + Oxygen Absorbers e eketsang nako ea bophelo ho lilemo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 30¶

Mekotla e tloaelehileng ea Ziploc ea polyethylene esita le libakete tsa polasetiki tsa HDPE tse teteaneng tsa 19-liter (5-gallon) li khona ho kenella limolek'huleng tsa oksijene ea sepakapaka ka likhoeli le lilemo. 1. Sethibelo (5-Mil ho isa ho 7-Mil Aluminized Mylar): Mokotla oa 'nete oa Mylar oa boleng ba lijo o laminate bohareng ba foil ea aluminium ea 'nete lipakeng tsa polyethylene e bolokehileng ea lijo e tlase-tlase (LLDPE) le polyester e kantle (BoPET). Batla mekotla bonyane **5 mil ho isa ho 7 mil (125 ho 175 microns) e teteaneng ** e bonahalang e sa bonahale ka ho feletseng ha e phahamisitsoe ho toche e khanyang ea LED. 2. The Scavenger (Iron-Powder Oxygen Absorbers): Moea oa sepakapaka o na le hoo e ka bang 78% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, le 1% argon/CO2. Ha u lahlela pakete e nyenyane ea porous ea tšepe ea tšepe le sodium chloride ka mokotleng oa Mylar 'me u tiisa mocheso holimo, phofo ea tšepe e rusa (oxidizes into iron oxide), e tlama lik'hemik'hale 99.9% ea limolehule tsa oksijene tse sa lefelloeng ho fihlela mahloriso a oksijene a khare a theoha ka tlase 0.01% (100 ppm)**. 3. **Se finyelloang ke ho tlosa oksijene:** - **E bolaea likoanyana tsohle, likokoanyana le likhukhwane ntle le lik'hemik'hale:* Likokoanyana tsa lijo-thollo, maleshoane a phofo,le mahe a tšoèlè a bipetsana 'me a shoe ka ho feletseng nakong ea matsatsi a 4 ho isa ho a 14 sebakeng sa <0.1% sa moea oa naetrojene, e leng se felisang tlhokahalo ea leqhoa le omileng kapa leqhoa (e leng ho eketsa mongobo o sa batleheng oa condensation ho lijo-thollo). - E emisa ho ruruha ha oxidative le ho hola ha hlobo.* - **Hobaneng ha motla o sa shebahale o le "vacuum-shrunk" ka linako tsohle: Hobane oksijene ke0.9% feela ea moea**, karolo e seeng 78% ea khase ea inert ea nitrogen e lula ka har'a mokotla. Lijong tse nang le li-porous tse kang linaoa tse omeletseng kapa pasta ea macaroni, mokotla oa Mylar o ntse o ka ikutloa o le mosamo hanyenyane ka naetrojene e hloekileng le ha 100% ea oksijene e tlositsoe.

Chate e nepahetseng ea boholo ba Oxygen Absorber (Cubic Centimeters / cc ka setshelo)¶

Lintho tse monyang oksijene li filoe lintlha ka ** cubic centimeters (cc) ea oksijene e hloekileng e monyetsoeng ** (eseng kakaretso ea moea). Hobane litara e le 1 (1,000 mL) ea moea o se nang letho e na le hoo e batlang e le 209 cc ea oksijene, sebelisa lipehelo tsena tse netefalitsoeng tsa Utah State University Extension le USDA lijo-saense ea mahlale:

*Keletso: Ho sebelisa matla a ho monya oksijene hanyenyane ho feta kamoo ho hlokehang (mohlala, ho lahlela pakete ea 500 cc ka mokotleng oa 1-gallon ho e-na le 300 cc) ho bolokehile 100% mme ha ho mohla ho senya lijo.

Lijo tse S'ireletsehileng khahlano le LITHIBELITSOE KA SEBELE bakeng sa Mylar + Oxygen Absorbers¶

Mohato ka mohato: Mokhoa oa ho paka bakete ea lijo tse omeletseng ea matsatsi a 90 lapeng¶

Ka hoo e ka bang $45 ho isa ho $65 ka nkhong, o ka paka bakete e le 'ngoe ea 19-litre (5-gallon) e tšoereng 15 kilograms (33 pounds) ea raese e tšoeu e omeletseng le linaoa tsa pinto, tse fanang ka likhalori tse fetang 52,000 (e lekaneng ho fana ka 1,750 kcal bakeng sa motho e moholo ka matsatsi a 1,750 kcal. phatri ea lelapa ea ho sebetsa ka libeke).

1. Khetha mokhoa oa "Mylar-Inside-Bucket" o sebelisa mekotla e nyane ea 1-Gallon (3.8-Liter): Sebakeng sa ho tšela lik'hilograma tse 15 (liponto tse 33) tsa raese e hlephileng ka har'a liner e le 'ngoe e kholo ea 5-gallon Mylar (e pepesang liponto tse 33 ho mongobo le litšitšili), e be teng ka letsatsi motho ka mong 1-gallon (3.8-lithara) 7-mil Mylar mekotla** (e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tšoere -2.7 kg / 6 lbs), 'me u behe mekotla eo e mehlano e tiisitsoeng ea 1-gallon ea Mylar ka har'a bakete e le 'ngoe ea 5-gallon ea polasetiki ea HDPE e nang le sekwahelo.
2. ** Ngola mokotla o mong le o mong oa Mylar ka lets'oao le sa feleng PELE ho tlatsa:** Ngola likahare, boima bo omileng, letsatsi le pakiloeng, le tekanyo ea metsi a phehang (mohlala, "Long-Grain White Rice: 6 lbs, Packed Oct 2026, Simmer 1 cup raese ka likopi tse 2 tsa metsi bakeng sa 18 min").
3. Beha mochini o otlollang moriri oa tšepe kapa o bataletseng: Ntlo seotlolla moriri ka letsopa (tšepe e bataletseng) e behiloe ho 190 ho isa ho 215 degrees Celsius (375 ho isa ho 420 degrees Fahrenheit), kapa sealer se inehetseng sa Mylar kapa aene ea liaparo e behiloeng ho "Cotton/High" e nang le zero mouoane, fuse 5-millar- clean.
4. Bula pakete ea hau ea ho monya oksijene e koetsoeng ke feme: Ha u qeta ho bula mokotla oa fektheri oa lintho tse monyang oksijene, li qala ho monya oksijene moeeng oa phaposi ebe li futhumala ka menoana ea hau. Tlosa palo e nepahetseng ea lipakete tseo u li hlokang bakeng sa metsotso e 10 e latelang, 'me hang-hang u tiise li-absorber tse setseng tse sa sebelisoang ka har'a khalase e nyenyane ** Mason canning jar e nang le sekoahelo se thata sa tšepe se nang le likarolo tse peli ** (le ka mohla u se ke ua boloka li-absorbers tsa oksijene ka mokotleng oa Ziploc, kapa li tla itima ka bosiu bo le bong).
5. Tlohela sehatsetsing, busetsa moea o feteletseng, 'me u tiise mocheso: Lahlela e le 'ngoe 300 cc ho isa ho 500 cc e monyang oksijene holim'a lijo-thollo ka har'a mokotla o mong le o mong oa 1-gallon oa Mylar. Tiisa ntlha e ka holimo ho bophara ba hoo e ka bang 80% ea bophara u sebelisa tšepe ea hau e sephara, tobetsa ka bonolo mahlakoreng a mokotla ho sutumelletsa moea o feteletseng, 'me u aene karolo e setseng ea 20% e koaletsoeng ** 2.5-centimeter (1-inch) seam e ka holimo **.
6. Tiisa tiiso ka mor'a lihora tse 24: Sheba mekotla letsatsing le hlahlamang pele u koala sekoahelo sa bakete; Mylar e lokela ho hula ka hare ka thata khahlanong le lijo-thollo, e tiisang tiiso ea hermetic e se nang pinhole.

Ho pheha ho boloka mafura kantle ho gridi: mokhoa oa "Wonderbag" o bolokang mocheso (Haybox)¶

Ho pheha linaoa tse omeletseng ka setofong sa propane ka metsotso e 90 ho chesa mafura a mangata a haellang, 'me ho belisoa ha linaoa tse khubelu tsa liphio ka mokhoa o fosahetseng ho kotsi: tse tala kapa tse sa phehoang **linaoa tse khubelu tsa liphio ** li na le metsoako e phahameng ea phytohaemagglutinin (lectin ea liphio) ntle le haeba e baka chefo ea tlhaho e ntšang chefo. mme e phehiloe ka matla ho likhato tse 100 tsa Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) bonyane metsotso e 10 e tletseng.

Fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura a setofo sa tšohanyetso ka 70% ho isa ho 80% u sebelisa mekhoa e 'meli e bonolo ea kantle ho gridi: 1. Ho inela + Bosiu Bosiu + Baking Soda: Inela linaoa tse omileng bosiu bo le bong (lihora tse 8 ho isa ho tse 12) metsing a hloekileng ka ½ teaspoon ea soda e bakang (\(NaHCO_3\)) ka litara e le ’ngoe ea metsi a kolobisitsoeng. Li-ion tsa sodium tse bobebe tse nang le alkaline li fapanyetsana libaka le li-ion tsa calcium letlalong la pectin ea linaoa, 'me li fokotsa nako e hlokahalang ea ho pheha ka halofo. Hlakola metsi a nang le metsi, eketsa metsi a hloekileng, 'me u tlise pheha ka matla metsotso e feletseng ea 10 ** ho senya li-lectins tsohle. 2. Mocheso o Tletseng ("Haybox" / Thermal Cooker / Towel-in-a-Cooler) Ho pheha: Hang ha pitsa ea hau ea raese, oats, pasta, kapa linaoa tse phehiloeng ka metsotso e 10 li pheha setofong sa hau sa kampo, ** tima setofo hang-hang. Beha pitsa ea tšepe e koahetsoeng ka thata ka hare ho insulated ** pikiniki e pholileng e nang le lithaole tsa ho hlapa tse teteaneng tsa k'hothone le kobo ea boea ** (kapa seapehi sa khoebo sa vacuum-insulated thermal cooker / Wonderbag), beha lithaole hantle holim'a sekoahelo, 'me u koale sekoahelo se pholileng. Matla a chesang a ts'oaretsoeng a tsoela pele ho besa lijo ho 85 ho isa ho 95 degrees Celsius (185 ho 203 degrees Fahrenheit) ka lihora tse 1 ho isa ho tse 4, ho pheha raese ka metsotso e 30 le linaoa tse omeletseng ka lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 ho sebelisoa **metsotso e 5 ho isa ho e 10 feela ea mafura a setofo **.

Lethathamo le sebetsang la matsatsi a 14 ho isa ho a 90 a polokelo ea lijo¶

Sebelisa lethathamo lena ho haha ​​​​ntlo ea lelapa e tsitsitseng, e potolohang mohato ka mohato:

• Lekola khalori e nepahetseng ea lelapa la hau: Atisa 2,200 to 2,500 kcal × [Number of Adults] × [14, 30, or 90 days] le ho ikamahanya le bana, bo-'mè ba bakhachane / ba anyesang, le litlhoko tsa lijo tsa bongaka (tse kang gluten-free kapa low-sodium).
• Fetola Sehlopha sa 1 (Matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho la 14 No-Cook Pantry) pele: Litlhapi tse ka makotikoting ka oli, nama e ka makotikoting, linaoa tse entsoeng ka makotikoting, peanut/nut butter, oats, li-crackers, litholoana tse entsoeng ka makotikoti ka lero, lebese la UHT, mahe a linotsi le oli ea mohloaare.
• **Tape li-openers tse peli tsa rotary le opener e le 'ngoe ea tšepe ea P-38/P-51 ** ka ho toba ka har'a lemati la phaposi ea tšohanyetso.
• Haha Mokhahlelo oa 2 (Matsatsi a 15 ho isa ho a 90 a Dry Staples in Mylar) Paka mekotla ea Mylar ea 1-gallon 7-mil ea raese e tšoeu, linaoa tse omeletseng, li-oats, pasta, le lebese le nonfat le nonfat le 300 cc to 500 cc oxygen absorbers, 'me u li boloke ka har'a li-bucket tse 9 tsa HD. kamoreng ea ka hare (10 to 21°C / 50 to 70°F).
• Boloka metsi a phehang le a ntlafetseng hammoho le lijo tse omeletseng: Netefatsa hore u bolokile metsi kapa sefe se tiisitsoeng sa microbiological water filter + chlorine ho fana ka lithara tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 tsa metsi a phehang k'hilograma ka 'ngoe ea lijo-thollo tse omileng tse hlokahalang ho khutlisetsa metsi lijong tsa hau tse tloaelehileng.
• Makhura a ho pheha a bolokehileng a kantle ho gridi le seapehi se futhumatsang: Boloka setofo se nkehang sa butane/propane camp (se sebelisoang kantle kapa libakeng tse nang le moea o pholileng ka sebonela sa khabone ea carbon monoxide) hammoho le sepholi se kentsoeng ka thaole bakeng sa ho pheha mocheso o sa chesehang.
• Kenyelletsa lijo tsa lapeng le lebese la masea: Lokelang phepelo e potolohang ea matsatsi a 30 ea lijo tsa lapeng tse omeletseng (tse bolokiloeng ka meqomong e sa keneng moea) le lebese le phofo la masea ha ho hlokahala. Bona liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng maemong a tšohanyetso.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe¶

• Lefapha la Temo la United States (USDA, United States): Tshebeletso ea Tšireletso le Tlhahlobo ea Lijo (FSIS) Shelf-Stable Food Safety Fact Sheet, Ho Boloka Lijo Li Sireletsehile Nakong ea Tšohanyetso, le Canning and Botulism Prevention Guidelines.
• Utah State University Cooperative Extension (USU Food Science, United States): Pokello ea Lijo Bakeng sa Tšebeliso ea Lapeng: Ho Sebelisa Oxygen Absorbers, Mylar Foil Bags, le Temperature Shelf-Life Models.
• United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA, United States): Bad Bug Book: Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins (Clostridium botulinum Water Activity Thresholds and Phytohaemagglutinin / Red Kidney Bean Lectin Toxicity).
• Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo le Mokhatlo oa Lijo le Temo (WHO / FAO, Machaba): Litlhoko tsa Matla a Batho le Tsamaiso ea Phepo maemong a Tšohanyetso (2,100 kcal Minimum Humanitarian Reference Standard).
• Setsi sa Federal Emergency Management le Ready.gov (FEMA, United States): Lijo le Metsi nakong ea Tšohanyetso (Boitokisetso ba Pantry le Khetho ea Lijo tse sa Boleng).
• Setsi sa Sechaba sa Polokeho ea Lijo tsa Lapeng (NCHFP, Univesithi ea Georgia, United States): Ho Omisa, Ho Koaheloa ka Vacuum, le Melao e Fokotseng ea Packaging ea Oxygen.

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa maemo a tšohanyetso
• Belisa litsebiso tsa metsi le polokeho ea metsi
• Tema ea lijo tsa tšohanyetso le ho baballa peo
• Mokotla oa masea le ngoana e monyane le moralo oa ho falla
• Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng maemong a tšohanyetso
• Linomoro tsa maemo a tshohanyetso