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Matlakala a Tseleng Bosiu le Lintho Tse Lahleloang holim'a Maraba a Windshield

Linomoro tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fapana ho ea ka linaha. Leqephe lena le sebelisa 911, nomoro ea United States le Canada. Linaha tse ling tse ngata li sebelisa 112, 999, kapa nomoro e ’ngoe. Fumana nomoro ea naha ea heno.

Libatana tse khōlō, likenke tsa masholu a mahaeng, le sehlopha se hlophisitsoeng sa masholu a likoloi ba tobane le tšitiso e le ’ngoe ea bohlokoa: ba ke ke ba utsoetsa kapa ba koetela mokhanni eo koloi ea hae e notletsoeng ’me e tsamaea ka lebelo la ’mila o moholo. Ho qobella koloi e tsamaeang hore e eme sebakeng se lefifi sa polao, bahlaseli ba sebelisa mekhoa e 'meli ea ho lalla: ** ho foufatsa ka pono ** (ho lahlela mahe a tala, oli, pente, seretse kapa majoe holim'a fenstere ea moea ho tloha sebakeng se ka holimo kapa se ka thōko ho tsela) le ** thibelo ea tsela ea 'mele ** (ho hula maoto le matsoho, lithōle tsa lifate, lithōle tsa lepolanka, lithōle, lithōle tsa lifate, lithōle tsa lehong, lithōle, lithōle tsa lifate, lithōle, lithōle, lithōle tsa lifate, lithōle, lithōle, lithōle tsa lifate, lithōle tsa lepolanka, lithōle, lithōle, lithōle tsa lehong, lithōle, lithōle, lithōle, lipente, oli, pente, pente, seretse, oli, pente, seretse, seretse, pente, seretse kapa majoe. lipalangoang tsa bana tse thetsang ho haola le tsela e sa bonesoang, 'mila oa ho tsoa, kapa tsela ea bolulo). Nako eo mokganni ya tshohileng a kenyang diwiper tsa bona tsa windshield, a fetola lehe le tala kapa grease leboteng le bosweu bo sa hlakang, kapa a fetohela Park mme a tswe ka terakeng ho hula lekala hotswa tseleng, ba hlometseng ba eme ka hara borashe ba mathela lemating le bulehileng la mokganni.

Ho pholoha tšitiso ea tsela ea bosiu kapa seteraeke sa lifensetere se ipapisitse le ho feta li-reflex tse peli tse itšebetsang tsa mokhanni: le ka mohla u se ke ua tšoara lehare la hao la fensetere ea fense ea moea ha ntho ea viscous e otla khalase ea hau, 'me le ka mohla u se ke ua bula lemati la koloi ea hau ho tlosa tšitiso lefifing. Barupeli ba ho khanna ba khahlanong le molao, litsi tsa ts'ireletso ea diplomate le mekhatlo ea naha ea litsela tse kholo li tiisa hore koloi ea sejoale-joale ea bapalami e ka khannoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara ha e ntse e shebile sebakeng sa sebaka sa splatter, e khona ho hloa mekoloko ea lisenthimithara tse 15 (6-inch) ka mahlakoreng a diagonal ho feta maloanlahla a tsela, e ka sutumetsa ka har'a litšitiso tse se nang letho ho ea ho li-kilometer tse 8, e ka sututsa ka har'a litšitiso tse se nang letho bakeng sa li-kilometer tse 5. (lik'hilomithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5) ka lithaere tse 'nè tse phalletseng ka ho feletseng ho fihla sehalalelong se khantšitsoeng, se nang le baahi ba bangata.

Etsa sena hona joale

Haeba lehe, lefika, kapa mokelikeli o sa tsejoeng o otla fensetere ea hau ea moea bosiu, kapa ha u pota-potile mothinya 'me u bona makala, makotikoti a lithōle, li-cones, stroller, kapa koloi e thibang tsela ea hau sebakeng se ka thōko, phethahatsa mehato ena e tšeletseng hang-hang:

  1. Tlosa letsoho la hao holim'a lehlaka 'me U SE KE UA kenya li-wiper tsa hao tsa windshield kapa washer spray: Haeba mahe a tala, mafura, oli, kapa pente e otla fensetere ea hau ea moea, ho bulela li-wiper ho hasanya sebaka sa 15-inch (6-inch) bophara bohle ba khalase, 'me ho fafatsa metsi ho hlahisa protheine e tšoeu ea 5 lekholong. Tlohela li-wiper ka ho feletseng, sheba ka khalase e hlakileng ho pota-pota splatter, 'me u tsoele pele ho khanna.
  2. Le ka mohla u se ke ua fetohela Phakeng kapa ua tsoa ka koloing ea hau ho tsamaisa lithōle tseleng: Hore na tšitiso ke mokoloko oa lithōle tsa polasetiki ho pholletsa le foreskoto ea tsela ea hao, lekala la sefate tseleng ea ho tsoa, ​​kapa setulo sa koloi sa ngoana se se nang letho tseleng ea mahaeng, boloka mamati a hao a notletsoe, lifensetere o phuthiloe, 'me u fase lebanta. Ho tsoela ka ntle ka mabone a ho tsamaisa ntho ho siea enjene ea hau e ntse e sebetsa 'me mokokotlo oa hau o lebile moleng oa sefate.
  3. Hleka mariki e sa le pele ho emisa limithara tse 8 ho isa ho tse 15 (maoto a 25 ho isa ho a 50) haufi le tšitiso efe kapa efe ea tsela, ebe u bulela maballo a phahameng: Ho ema hantle ho tloha mokoallong ho thibela lithaere tsa hau tse ka pele hore li se ke tsa thella holim'a liboto tsa lipekere kapa li-caltrops, ho u fa sebaka sa ho thinya se hlokahalang ho potoloha tšitiso kapa ho kgutlela morao ka kotloloho, mme mabone a patehile ka thoko ho tsela.
  4. Fetola tšitiso ka ho kgutlela morao, ho hlwella tsela ya mokoloko ka sekhutlo sa 35-to-45-degree, kapa ho sututsa ka hara ntho e sekoti e bobebe: Sheba seipone sa hao sa morao hang hang. Haeba ho se na koloi e lelekisang ka morao ho uena, fetela Reverse ebe u khutlela tseleng e kholo. Haeba ho sa khonehe ho khutlisa lithōle u sebelisa lehetla la joang, u hloelle tselaneng e ka thōko ho tsela ka lebelo la 15 ho isa ho 25 km/h (10 ho isa ho 15 mph), kapa sutumelletsa butle ka har’a meqomo ea polasetiki e bobebe, mabokose a khateboto, kapa likhoune tsa sephethephethe u sa emise.
  5. Haeba lithaere tsa hao li hlajoa ke li-spikes kapa maloanlahla, lula u ntse u khanna holim'a lithaere tse phalletseng kapa lirimo tsa tšepe: Le ka mohla u se ke ua tsamaea lefifing sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse 2 (1.2 miles) ho tloha tšitiso tseleng hobane feela alamo ea Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) ea hau e lla kapa lithaere tsa hau li qala ho otla. Khanna butle ka lebelo la 30 ho isa ho 50 km/h (20 ho isa ho 30 mph) holim'a lithaere tse sephara kapa lirim tsa mabili a alloy a senang letho ho fihlela u fihla seteisheneng sa khase sa lihora tse 24 se bonesitsoeng ka khanya kapa sebakeng sa mapolesa.
  6. Letsa nomoro ea hau ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae ka sebuela-pele sa mohala hang ha u tloha: Letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom) kapa u ikopanye le rona dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso directory. Tlaleha lesupa la maele a tsela e kholo kapa cross street e le hore liofisiri tsa paterola li tlose kotsi 'me li thibele basebetsi ba laletseng pele mokhanni e mong a e otla.

Hobaneng ha marokho a ba tsamaeang ka maoto, litsela tse kholo, le litselana tse lefifi e le libaka tsa mantlha tsa marotholi

Basenyi ba mafika ka bobeli le mehele e hlophisitsoeng ea ho lalla ba tsamaeang ka maoto ba sebelisa litselana tse sa bonesoang tsa batsamai le litselana tsa ho tsoa tse kobehileng hobane marotholi a holimo a pata motho ea lihelang ha lithapo tsa ho tsoa li qobella likoloi hore li theohele tseleng e le 'ngoe e nang le mabota. Ha u khanna bosiu u le tlas'a litselana tse ka thōko, shebella borokho bo bolelele ba limithara tse 200 (maoto a 650) pele bakeng sa litšoantšo: ha u bona litšoantšo tse itšetlehileng ka seporo ka holim'a tsela ea hau, ** sheba seipone sa hau se ka thōko 'me u fetole litsela hang-hang** motsotsoana pele u feta ka tlas'a borokho e le hore ntho leha e le efe e oeleng e fose fensetere ea hau ea moea.

Seteraeke sa Windshield le maloanlahla a litsela a lalla sefate sa qeto

Ha ntho e otla khalase ea hau kapa e thiba tselana ea hau bosiu, latela lethathamo la liqeto nakong ea metsotsoana e meraro ho boloka lebelo la koloi le ho baleha sebakeng sa ho lalla.

flowchart TD
    Event["Nighttime Roadway Trigger: Object Hits Windshield KAPA Maloanlahla / Tšitiso e Thibela Tsela ea Hau"] --> Type{"1. Ke ketsahalo ea mofuta ofe ea ho lalla e sa tsoa etsahala?"}
    Type -->|"A. Lehe, Oli, Seretse, Pente, kapa Mokelikeli o Hasitsoeng holim'a Windshield"| NoWiper["SE KE UA Ama Wipers kapa Washer Fluid; Boloka mamati a notletsoe; Boloka Lebelo 'me U Sheba Ho pota-pota Splatter"]
    Type -->|"B. Lefika, Setene, kapa Morero o thata o Petsohile / Khalase ea Spiderwebbed"| GlassCheck{"A na u ntse u ka bona matšoao a lane ka khalase ea laminated?"}
    Type -->|"C. Matlakala a Lane (Makala, Meqomo ea Lithōle, Likhoene, Liphalete, Selaoli)"| StopShort["Brake Smoothly ho Emisa 10 ho 15 m (33 ho 50 ft) Morao; Bulela Mabala a Phahameng; Boloka Koloi ka Drive / Reverse"]
    NoWiper --> AccidentalCheck{"2. Na o se o butse liwiper ka phoso?"}
    AccidentalCheck -->|"Che: Splatter e teng"| DriveToLight["Khanna lik'hilomithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8 (limithara tse peli ho isa ho tse 5) ho ea Seteisheneng sa Khase sa Lihora tse 24 kapa Lotho ea Sepolesa Pele U Hloekisa Khalase."]
    AccidentalCheck -->|"E: Khalase e tlotsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng"| PeerCorner["Switch Wipers OFF Hang-hang; Hlooho e Ikemetseng ho ea ho Un-Suped Upper / Side Corner Arc of Glass; Le 'ne le Khele Leseling"]
    GlassCheck -->|"E: Tsela ea bonahala"| DriveToLight
    GlassCheck -->|"Che: Khalase e tšoeu ka ho feletseng"| PunchHole["Itebele ka ntle ka Serethe sa Feisi ho theha lesoba la ho shebella ka Windshield e Laminated KAPA Sebelisa Lekhalo la Fesetere ea Lehlakoreng."]
    StopShort --> MirrorScan{"2. Na tsela e ka mor'a hao e hlakile seiponeng sa hao sa ka morao?"}
    MirrorScan -->|"E: Ka morao ho hlakile"| ReverseOut["Shift into Reverse; Khutlela U Otlolohile bakeng sa 100 m (330 ft) ho ea Main Arterial Road; Fetola 'me U letse Mapolesa"]
    MirrorScan -->|"Che: Koloi ka morao kapa batho ba atamelang"| BypassNow["Hloa Curb ho 45-Degree Angle Onto Grass / Sidewalk OR Sututsa ka Lekhalo le Lebenyane la Plastiki / Brush; Khanna holim'a Flats haeba U Punctures"]
    PunchHole --> DriveToLight
    ReverseOut --> DriveToLight
    BypassNow --> DriveToLight

Fisiks le k'hemistri ea maraba a foufatsang ka windshield: Mokhoa oa ho bona le ho tsoela pele ho khanna

Ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha lintho tse lahliloeng li foufatsa fensetere, le hore na khalase ea tšireletso ea likoloi e hahoa joang, e thibela ho tšoha metsotsoana e meraro ea pele ka mor'a tšusumetso.

1. Hobaneng ha mahe a tala le oli li fetoha samente e sa bonahaleng ha li kopantsoe le mokelikeli oa washer

Lehe la khoho e tala le na le metsi 'me hoo e ka bang karolo ea 10 lekholong e qhibilihile albumen proteins hammoho le mafura a lipid yolk. Ha lehe le le leng kapa a mabeli a tala a otla fensetere e ommeng ea khalase ka lebelo la 60 km/h (37 mph), khetla ea pshatleha ebe e siea sebaka se ka bang bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 15, e siea karolo e fetang 85 lekholong ea fensetere ea hao ea moea e hlakile ka ho feletseng.

Leha ho le joalo, haeba u tšoha 'me u hula lehare la washer ea windshield: - Lehare la rabara le hula mafura a yolk a khomarelang karolong eohle ea 1.2-metres (4-foot) ea khalase ea mokhanni le ea baeti ka halofo ea motsotsoana. - Mokelikeli o batang oa washer le joala li tsitsisa le ho fetola protheine ea albin hore e be filimi e tšoeu e teteaneng, e frothy, e nang le lebese e khomarelang likoting tse nyenyane haholo ka khalase 'me e thibela ho fihla ho karolo ea 95 lekholong ea khanya e tlang le phetiso ea mabone a streetlamp. - Molao o nepahetseng: Beha letsoho la hao le letona lebiling la lebili, le ka mohla u se ke ua tšoara tlhaka ea ho hlakoleha, u sekamisetsa selelu sa hao holimo kapa ka mahlakoreng ho sheba ka khalase e hloekileng ho pota-pota moo ho nang le tšusumetso, 'me u tsoele pele ho khanna metsotso e 5 ho fihlela u hula ka ho toba ka tlas'a mabone a marulelo a setsi sa tšebeletso se phetheselang sa lihora tse 24. Hang ha o bolokehile ka tlas'a lik'hamera 'me enjene ea hau e ntse e sebetsa, hloekisa lehe ka ho sebelisa thaole ea pampiri e ommeng pele ho phahamisa boholo ba yolk, e lateloa ke metsi a futhumetseng kapa mochini o hloekisang likhalase tse boima.

2. Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba u se u ntse u otla li-wipers ka reflex

Haeba memori ea mesifa ea hau e ile ea etsa hore u hlakole pele u elelloa hore ke lehe kapa sefi sa mafura, ** u se ke ua hula lehetla le lefifi **:

  1. Tlosa liwiper hang-hang: Pase e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ommeng e etsa hore setlolo se be tšesaane le ho feta ha se khohla.
  2. Sebelisa "Un-Wiped Corner Arcs" ea windshield ea hau: Li-wiper blades tsa Windshield li fiela feela karolo ea 75 lekholong ea bokaholimo ba khalase. Ba siea fensetere ea khalase e khutlo-tharo e hloekileng, e e-s'o ka e angoa ** hukung e ka holimo-le letšehali haufi le A-pillar** ea mokhanni, ** ntlha e ka holimo ka holim'a seipone sa ka morao **, le ** hukung e ka tlaase ho le letona **. Itšetlehe ka hlooho ea hau ka lisenthimithara tse 10 (4 inches) ka ho le letšehali ho ea ho pilara e ka thōko kapa u lule u le molelele ho nyarela ka holim'a arc e tlotsitsoeng.
  3. Sebelisa fensetere ea lehlakoreng FEELA ka mor'a ho hlakola bahlaseli ba leoto: Hang ha u se u tsamaile sebaka sa ho lalla ka limithara tse 200 (maoto a 650) hore ho se be mohlaseli oa leoto ea ka fihlang fensetereng ea hau, u ka theola fensetere ea lehlakoreng la mokhanni ka lisenthimithara tse 10 (4 inches) ho netefatsa boemo ba tsela ea hau khahlano le tsela kapa terata e tšoeu ea moholi ha u ntse u tsoela pele ka lebelo le leholo.

3. Ho pholoha ha lefika, setene, kapa ntho e hoamisitsoeng e otla fenstere ea moea

Likoloi tsa bapalami lefatšeng ka bophara li hlokoa ka molao ho sebelisa **mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea likhalase tsa polokeho **: - Windshield e ka Pele (Khalase ea Tšireletso e Lamiloeng): E hahiloe joalo ka sandwich ea mekato e meraro e nang le matlapa a mabeli a likhalase tse kenngoeng tse kopantsoeng le letlapa le bohareng le thata, le tenyetsehang la polasetiki ea polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Ha lejoe kapa setene se otla fensetere e ka pele, khalase e phunyeha ka mokhoa o teteaneng oa tepo ea sekho, empa PVB lesela la polasetiki le tšoara likotoana t khalase hammoho ho thibela ho kenella ka kamoreng (ntle le haeba sebaka se boima haholse theoha ho tloha sebakeng se phahameng se fetang ka lebelo la tsela e kholo). - Windows e ka Mathoko le e ka Morao (Tempered Glass): E etselitsoe ho pshatla likete-kete tsa li-cubes tse nyane, tse lerootho tsa boholo ba lejoana ha li sebelisoa ka thata. - Mokhoa oa ho khanna haeba sekho sa setene se hohela fensetere e ka pele: Leha fensetere eohle e ka pele e ka fetoha bosoeu bo batang ka mapetso a manyenyane, koloi e ntse e khona ho khannoa ka liperesente tse 100. TIMA lebone la ka hare la dashboard (lebone la ka hare la ntlo le khantša likhalase tse petsohileng 'me le u foufatsa bosiu), butle butle ha u ntse u tsoela pele, u nyarela karolong efe kapa efe e sa phunyehang, kapa, haeba letlapa lohle le sutumelletsoa ka hare 'me le sa bonahale ka ho feletseng, otla bohareng ba khalase e entsoeng ka sekho ka ntle ka serethe sa feisi ea hao kapa seeta se boima sa 1p-inch (5p-inch) Letlapa la PVB le tenyetsehang ha u ntse u khanna ho ea sebakeng se sireletsehileng.

Litlhophiso tse ts'eletseng tsa lithōle tsa litsela tsa bosiu: Ho tsebahala le ho qoba mekhoa

Linokoane li lokisa litšitiso tsa litsela ho lebelo le geometry ea tsela. Sebelisa tafole ena ea maqheka ho lekola ntho efe kapa efe e tseleng ea hau bosiu le ho fana ka karabelo e nepahetseng ea mochini.

Mofuta oa Litšitiso Tseleng Moo Bahlaseli ba E Etsang Kae le Joang Ho Etsahala'ng Haeba U Ema 'me U Tsoa Mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho Qoba Mechini
1. Driveway Apron kapa Cul-de-Sac Trash Bin / Thibelo ea Lekala Bahlaseli ba hula meqomo ea hau ea lithōle, meqomo e sebelisoang hape, kapa lekala le leholo la sefate molomong oa tsela ea hau ea koloi kapa tsela e ikemetseng bosiu haholo hore o se khone ho hula ntle le ho tsoa. Hang ha u kena Park 'me u tsamaea limithara tse 3 (maoto a 10) ka pel'a mabone a hau ho theola moqomo oa lithōle ka thōko, bahlaseli ba babeli ba tloha ka morao ho lekhoakhoa kapa huku ea karache 'me ba qhomela ka koloing ea hau. Le ka mohla u se tsoe ka koloing ea hau tseleng e kenang ho ea tsamaisa moqomo kapa lekala. E ka ba sutu butle ka har'a meqomo ea polasetiki e nang le bumper e ka pele, kapa u kgutlele morao hang-hang seterateng, u lele sebaka se seng, 'me u letsetse mapolesa ho hlahloba jarete ea hau.
2. Highway Off-Ramp kapa Rural Curve Tree Limb / Pallet Barricade Makala, liphalete tsa lehong tsa likepe, kapa lithaere tsa khale li huleloa tseleng e tsoang ka tsela e le 'ngoe e kobehileng kapa 'mila o lefifi oa naha o fetang tsela e foufetseng. Ho emisa hantle khahlano le makala ho tšoasa bumper ea hau e ka pele ha masholu a hlometseng a hlaha mahetleng ka bobeli ka nako e le 'ngoe. Brama kapele ho emisa **10 ho 15 metres (33 ho 50 maoto) morao **. Sheba seipone se ka morao: furalla haeba se hlakile; ho seng joalo, tsamaisa ho potoloha qetellong ea lekala u sebelisa lehetla la lehlohlojane kapa moeli oa joang ha u ntse u notlela mamati.
3. The "High-Emotion Decoy" (Selaoli sa Bana se se Nang letho, Setulo sa Koloi, kapa Mannequin) Setulo sa koloi sa lesea se se nang letho, stroller ea ngoana, baesekele ea ngoana, kapa dummy e phuthetsoeng ka kobo e behoa lehetleng la tsela e lefifi kapa parkway. Bakhanni ba nang le kutloelo-bohloko ba otla mariki a bona ’me ba tsoa ka koloing ka lebelo ba sa notlela mamati ho sheba ngoana. Emisa limithara tse 10 (maoto a 33) ka morao ka **mabalaka a phahameng a khantšang ntho le borashe bo potolohileng **. Boloka mamati a notletsoe 'me koloi e kene ka har'a likere; hlahloba ho tsoa ka har'a ntlo ea tšepe bakeng sa metsotsoana ea 3, tsamaisa bophara ho e potoloha, 'me u letse 911 / 112 / 999 ho tloha 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) ho theosa le tsela.
4. Boto ea Maiketsetso ea Nail, Rebar Caltrops, kapa Glass Bottle Scatter Liboto tse kentsoeng ka lipekere, li-spikes tse kobehileng tse cheselitsoeng ("miguelitos" / caltrops), kapa libotlolo tse robehileng li lahleloa ka tseleng e lefifi ho phunya lithaere le ho qobella thaere e ka thōko ho tsela hore e fetole sebaka sa k'hilomithara e le 'ngoe ka pele. Ha mokhanni a tsamaea tseleng e khōlō e lefifi metsotsoana e 60 hamorao ho ea hlahloba thaere e phasolohileng, basebetsi ba masholu ba ba hulanya ka lehetleng. Haeba u sa khone ho pota-pota li-spikes 'me u utloa molumo oa pop kapa mololi, u se ke ua emisa. Taere e tloaelehileng ea radial e sikotsoeng ke sepekere kapa spike e ka pitika 3 ho 8 kilometers (2 to 5 miles) ka 30 to 50 km/h (20 to 30 mph) ho ea fihla seteisheneng sa khase sa lihora tse 24 se bonesitsoeng kapa sepoleseng.
**5. Li-Cones tsa Kaho ea Bohata kapa "Tsela e Koetsoeng" e sa Lebelloang Sawhorse ** Masholu a beha li-cone tse tharo tsa polasetiki tsa 'mala oa lamunu kapa pere e utsoitsoeng ea lepolanka ka mose ho 'mila o moholo ka 2:00 AM ho thellisa koloi e le 'ngoe tseleng e lefifi e ka thoko kapa moahong oa polokelo. Ho theola tsela e sa bonesoang ea "moepo" ho lebisa ka kotloloho mabokoseng a makoloi a mabeli a laletseng moo ho sa bonahaleng sephethephethe sa litsela tse kholo. Mosebetsi oa 'mila o loketseng bosiu o sebelisa liboto tsa motsu tse benyang, matšoao a khanyang, le literaka tsa mosebetsi tse bonesitsoeng. Haeba mokoloko oa likhoune o thiba 'mila o se na basebetsi 'me o u isa tseleng e lefifi, fetola U-turn kapa u sutumele butle holim'a khoune e se nang letho hore u lule tseleng e kholo e khantšitsoeng.
**6. Li-blocks tsa Konkreite tse boima, Rocks kapa lithapo tsa tšepe ** Majoe a maholo, li-cinderblocks, kapa lithapo tse taut tse kentsoeng litseleng tsa merafo ea mahaeng, temong kapa lithabeng. Ho khanna ka lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 60 ka hora (37 mph) ka ho toba holim'a lejoe la 25-centimeter (10-inch) kapa cinderblock ho pshatla pane ea oli ea aluminium e entsoeng ka tlas'a enjene, ho ntša oli ea enjene le ho hapa koloi sebakeng sa 2 kilometers. **Le ka mohla u se ke ua thella lejoe le lelelele kapa konkreite bohareng ba koloi ea hau ** (moo pane ea hau ea oli e leketlang tlase e lutseng teng). Emisa limithara tse 10 morao, khutlela morao, kapa suthela mahetleng ka ho feletseng hore lithaere tse 'nè li fetele ka lehlakoreng le leng la lefika.

Koloi ea fatše ea koloi khahlano le tšenyo ea kariki: Seo koloi ea hau e ka se khannang ka polokeho

Ha u tobane le lithōle tseleng 'me bahlaseli ba atamela ka maoto, u tlameha ho tseba hang-hang hore na koloi ea hau e ka khanna lintho life kapa e li sutumelletsa ka thōko, le hore na ke lintho life tse tla tima enjene ea hau.

1. Phatlalatso ea fatše le molao oa "Never Straddle a Tall Object".

  • Tlhaloso e tloahelehileng ea fatše: Sepalangoang se tloaelehileng sa mopalami kapa hatchback se na le 13 ho 16 centimeters (5 ho isa ho 6.3 inches) ea sebaka se otlolohileng ka tlas'a sebaka sa eona se tlase sa koloi (pane ea oli ea enjene, subframe e ka pele, le exhaust catalytic converter). Li-crossovers, li-SUV, le literaka tsa liveni li na le 20 ho 25 centimeters (8 ho isa ho 10 inches) ea tumello.
  • Hobaneng ho okamela lefika kapa sekontiri bohareng ba tselana ea hau ke phoso: Bakhanni ba tsamaisa lejoe le leholo pakeng tsa mabili a bona a leqele le a ho le letona. Haeba lefika leo le le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 18 (7 inches), le tla fosa sekoaelo sa hau sa bumper ka mokhoa o hloekileng, ebe joale le pshatla ka ho toba ka har'a aluminiamo e tšesaane kapa tšepe e tekiloeng enjene ea sump pan ka tlas'a enjene, ea lahlela lilithara tse 5 (5.3 quarts) ea oli ea mokoloto holim'a sekontiri ka metsotsoana e mashome a mararo.
  • **Mokhoa oa ho hleka lejoe kapa lepolanka la boholo bo mahareng le ke keng la qojoa haeba u sa khone ho le potoloha **: Haeba terata ea mahetla e thibela ho pota-pota ka ho feletseng lejoeng kapa lejoe la 15-to-20-centimeter (6-to-8-inch) **beha lithaere tsa hau tse ka pele le tse ka morao ka ho toba HO HLOMONG ho ntho e ka lehlakoreng le leng ** ho e-na le ho e beha ka tlas'a pane ea oli. Ha thaere ea hao e hloella holim'a ntho eo, lebili le leketlileng kaofela le enjene li phahamisetsa holimo ka bophahamo ba ntho eo, li sireletsa pan ea hao ea oli le tsela ea ho tsamaisa oli ha thaere ea rabara le lebili la tšepe li monya moroalo.

2. Mokhoa oa ho hloa tsela ea konkreite e otlolohileng ntle le ho butsoela thaere kapa ho roba thae-thae

Haeba lithōle kapa koloi e thibang e thiba tselana ea hau teropong kapa teropong, tsela ea maoto, grass median, kapa boulevard ke tsela e kholo ea ho baleha:

  1. E butle ho isa ho 15 ho isa ho 25 km/h (10 ho isa ho 15 mph): Ho otla mokoloko oa konkreite o otlolohileng oa 15-centimeter (6-inch) ka lebelo la 60 km/h (37 mph) ho penya lebota la thaere khahlano le rim la lebili la alloy, ho baka hore lebili le otlolohileng le otlolle hang hang.
  2. Atamela tsela ea tsela ka lehlakoreng la diagonal la 35-to-45-degree: Le ka mohla u se ke ua otla mothipa o molelele ka lehlakoreng le sa tebang la 5-degree grazing angle (e hoholang le ho khelosa thaere ka mahlakoreng) 'me u qobe ho e otla ka mabili a ka pele ka nako e le 'ngoe (e leng se bakang ts'okelo e habeli). Ho tsamaisa thipa ka 35-to-45-degree angle ho lumella thaere e le 'ngoe e ka pele hore e hloelle holimo ebe e phahamisa lebone le ka pele pele thaere ea pele e kopana le mohato oa konkreite.
  3. Sebetsa butle, butle butle ha maoto a ka pele a thetsa sefahleho sa mokoloko: Se ke oa tila mariki ka lebelo la millisecond ha thaere e otla lekhalo (braking e qoela nko ho ea tlase ebe e hatella liliba tse ka pele tse tiisitsoeng). Lokolla brake pedal pele u kopana 'me u sebelise throttle e bobebe hore boima bo ka pele bo fetele morao hanyane, ho thusa mabili a ka pele ho thellela tseleng ea maoto.

3. Ho sututsa ka har'a litšitiso tse bobebe ntle le ho kenya li-airbags tsa hau

Li-airbag tsa sejoale-joale tsa Electronic Control Units (ECUs) ha li che hobane feela sekoaelo sa polasetiki sa hau se ngoauoa; li qala feela ha li-sensor tsa accelerometer li lemoha ** ka tšohanyetso, sekhahla se matla sa ho fokotseha ** se lekanang le ho otla lerako le tiileng hoo e ka bang 22 ho 25 km / h (14 ho 16 mph) kapa ho feta.

  • O ka sutumelletsa ka thoko o bolokehile: Meqomo ea lithōle e mabili a polasetiki, mabokose a liphaphatha, lithapo tsa rabara tsa lamunu, libarele tsa kaho tsa polasetiki (ha li se na mekotla ea lehlabathe), lipere tsa mapolanka, makala a masesaane a borashe, le liheke tsa li-chain-link ka ho theola ho 10 ho isa ho 15 km/h (6 ho isa ho 10 mph) ho thella butle, ebe o tobetsa konopo pele suthisa tšitiso tseleng ea hao.

Ho itšireletsa khahlanong le ho lalla ha batho ba kenang lapeng le ho kena ka liheke

Liphesente tse phahameng tsa bosholu ba likoloi tsa matlo le batho ba hlaseloang malapeng li etsahala sebakeng seo mokhanni a thibang tsela ea sechaba ho kena tseleng e lefifi kapa a emela hore keiti ea tšireletso ea motlakase e bulehe.

Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea ho Fihla Lapeng

  • **1. Shebella apron ea tsela ea hau ho tloha ho limithara tse 30 (maoto a 100) ho theosa le seterata ka maballo a phahameng **: Pele u bontša monyetla oa ho kena tseleng ea hau, etsa bonnete ba hore meqomo ea hau ea lithōle, liphutheloana tsa Amazon, kapa lekala la sefate ha li so suthisoe bohareng ba monyako oa tsela ea hau.
  • 2. Haeba ho na le letho le u thibelang ho kena, U SE KE UA TSOA: Tsoela pele ho khanna ka ho toba ho feta ntlo ea hau ho theosa le seterata, pota-pota sebaka kapa u emise ka tlas'a lebone le leholo la seterata, 'me u letsetse litho tsa lelapa ka hare ho lehae (kapa mapolesa a lehae) ho hlahloba tsela ea koloi le lik'hamera tsa tšireletso pele u khutla.
  • **3. Khutlela tseleng ea hau ea koloi kapa u eme seterateng ha heke ea motlakase e buloa **: Haeba u na le heke e tsamaeang ka koloi kapa monyako oa karache e ka holimo, bula mochine o ka thōko ha koloi ea hau e ntse e eme seterateng ka tsela e bulehileng ea ho baleha, ho e-na le ho hula nko pele ka har'a chute e shoeleng ea limithara tse 4 (maoto a 13) moo koloi e tsamaeang e ka koalang ka mor'a heke ea hau.
  • 4. Ha u se u le ka karacheng e khomaretsoeng, shebella seipone se shebileng ka morao ho fihlela lemati le ka holimo le fihla mokatong oa konkreite: Le ka mohla u se ke ua tima enjene ea hau kapa ua notlolla lemati la mokhanni oa hau ka karacheng ea hau ho fihlela monyako o ka holimo o koetsoe ka liphesente tse 100 'me o koaletsoe ka mor'a hao.

Lingoliloeng tsa ho romelloa ha maemo a tšohanyetso le paballo ea bopaki ba dashcam

Ha u phonyoha tšitiso ea tsela ea bosiu, lejoe la majoe, kapa ho lalla lehe la fenstere, ho letsetsa thomello ea tšohanyetso hang-hang ha u ntse u bilika ha ho tlise mapolesa feela ho tla kopana le uena sebakeng se khantšitsoeng, hape ho pholosa mokhanni ea latelang ea ka mor'a hau metsotsoana e 60 tseleng e le 'ngoe hore a se ke a khanna a sa tsebe letho.

Script 1: Ho tlaleha sefi se sebetsang sa matlakala a tseleng kapa motho ea lahlelang tsela ho 911/112/999

"Ke letsetsa ho tlaleha kotsi ea ho lalla tseleng [Highway / Road Name] e eang [Leboea / Boroa/Bochabela/Bophirima] ka ho le letona ho [Mile Marker / Exit Number / Cross Street]. Motho e mong o sa tsoa [lahlela mahe a tala / a liha lefika ho tloha holim'a tsela / maoto le li-cones tse behiloeng ka mose ho lane]. paterola hang-hang pele koloi e ’ngoe e thula tšitiso.”

Script 2: Ho letsetsa lelapa kapa mapolesa ha tsela ea hau ea lapeng e koetsoe bosiu

*"U se ke ua tsoela ka ntle 'me ua boloka mamati a ntlo a notletsoe. Ho na le motho ea hutseng lithōle tsa rona ka tlas'a tsela ea rona ea lithōle.

Ho boloka video ea dashcam le bopaki ba 'mele bakeng sa paterole ea litsela tse kholo

  1. ** Tobetsa konopo ea "Event Lock / Save" ho dashcam ea hau hang ka mor'a ho tlosa kotsi**: Hobane li-dashcams tse tloaelehileng tsa rekote tsa loop li ngola litaba ka metsotso e meng le e meng e 60 ho isa ho e 120, le hobane lehe kapa sesupo se pota-potileng lekala la sefate ha se hlahise matla a lekaneng a G ho tsosa konopo ea "Loop" kapa "sehla" sa "G-sehla". lets'oao) ho dashcam ea hau hang ha o fihla lebelong le bolokehileng kahoo metsotsoana e 30 pele ho ho lalla e sirelelitsoe ka ho sa feleng.
  2. Se ke oa hlatsoa splatter ho fihlela u e fotola ka mabone a khanyang: Hang ha u paka ka tlas'a mabone a canopy a seteisheneng sa tšebeletso se phetheselang sa lihora tse 24 kapa sebaka sa mapolesa, nka linepe tse peli tse potlakileng tsa smartphone tsa splatter ea windshield, rock impact mark, kapa bumper scrape (le lebota lefe kapa lefe le phunyeletsoeng la mabili) pele u hlakola khalase. Rekoto ena e hlophisitsoeng ea nako e tiisa tlaleho ea sepolesa sa hau mme e felisa phehisano efe kapa efe ea deductible ea inshorense ea koloi.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

Ke lokela ho etsa'ng haeba motho e mong a lahlela mahe a tala, pente, kapa metsi holim'a fensetere ea ka ea pele ea koloi ha ke ntse ke khanna bosiu?

Tlosa letsoho la hao ka ho feletseng ho tloha mochining oa ho hlakola fensetere 'me u se ke ua fafatsa mokelikeli oa washer. Ho kenya li-wiper tsa hau ho hasanya yolk ea lehe kapa oli bophara bohle ba khalase, 'me ho eketsa metsi ho etsa hore protheine ea lehe e be lesela le lesoeu le lesoeu le thibelang karolo ea 95 lekholong ea pono ea hau. Tlohela li-wiper, sheba libakeng tse hlakileng tsa fenstere ea moea haufi le sebaka sa splatter, boloka mamati a hau a notletsoe, 'me u tsoele pele ho khanna ho ea seteisheneng sa peterole sa lihora tse 24 kapa sepolesa se nang le khanya e khanyang.

Ho thoe'ng haeba ke pota-pota lekhalo le lefifi kapa ke atamela tseleng ea ka ea koloi 'me ka bona makotikoti a lithōle, makala a lifate, kapa stroller e se nang letho e thibileng tsela?

Le ka mohla u se ke ua fetela Park kapa ua tsoa ka koloing ea hau ho tlosa tšitiso e sa hlalosoang lefifing, kaha basebetsi ba laletseng ba beha lithōle litseleng le litselaneng ka ho khetheha ho hohela bakhanni ho tsoa likoloing tsa bona tse notletsoeng enjene e ntse e sebetsa. Brama ka thelelo ho emisa limithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15 (maoto a 33 ho isa ho a 50) ho tloha tšitisong u khantšitse maballo a hao a phahameng, sheba seipone sa hao se shebileng ka morao, 'me u kgutlele morao tseleng e kholo, u khanne ntho eo holim'a tsela kapa mahetleng a joang, kapa u sutumele butle ka meqomong ea polasetiki e bobebe ha u ntse u letsetsa 911, 112, kapa 999.

Na nka tsoela pele ho khanna haeba matlakala a tseleng kapa lepolanka la manala le phunya lebili la ka le le leng kapa ho feta bosiu?

E, le ka mohla ha ua lokela ho ema sebakeng se sa bonesoang kapa se ka thōko hobane feela thaere e phunyehile kapa e phalletse. Koloi leha e le efe e tloaelehileng ea bapalami, SUV, kapa teraka e ka khannoa lik'hilomithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8 (lik'hilomithara tse 2 ho isa ho tse 5) ka lebelo le tsitsitseng, le fokotsehileng la 30 ho isa ho 50 km / h (20 ho 30 mph) ho lithaere tse le 'ngoe kapa tse' nè tse senyehileng ka ho feletseng kapa lirimo tsa tšepe tse se nang letho; tšoara lebili la setereng ka thata, bulela li-hazard flashers, 'me u tsoele pele ho bilika ho fihlela u fihla plaza kapa seteisheneng sa mapolesa se khantšitsoeng hantle, se nang le basebetsi ba lihora tse 24.

Nka khanna joang holim'a lefika le lelelele ke sireletsehile kapa ke hloelle mokolokong oa konkreite haeba ke tlameha ho tsoa tseleng ho baleha batho ba laletseng?

Ho hloa tsela e tloaelehileng ea konkreite ea lisenthimithara tse 15 (6-inch) ntle le ho butsoela thaere kapa ho pshatla seteraeke sa hau, butle ho isa ho 15 ho isa ho 25 km/h (10 ho 15 mph) 'me u atamele lekhalo ka 35-to-45-degree diagonal e le hore lebili le leng le ka pele le hloelle pele ho le leng. Haeba u tlameha ho khanna ho feta lefika le lelelele kapa tšitiso e tseleng 'me u sa khone ho e tsamaela lehetleng, le ka mohla u se ke ua hatakela lefika ho theosa bohareng ba koloi ea hau moo le tla pshatla pane ea hau ea oli e leketlang tlase; ho e-na le hoo, beha lithaere tsa hao ka ho toba ka holim'a lehlakore le le leng la ntho e le hore u phahamise lekareche la ka tlaase hore le hlake.

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe

  • Lefapha la State Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) le Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC, United States): Protective Driving Counter-Ambush Mechanics, Thibelo ea Tsela le Lithōle, Fiziks ea ho Climbing, le Protocols ea Visual Obstruction.
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) le National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, United States): Likotsi tsa Projectile Overpass Highway, Staged Road Obstruction Carjacks, le Flat-Tire Escape Procedures.
  • Lekhotla la Naha la Marena a Sepolesa (NPCC) le Litsela tse kholo tsa Engelane / Litsela tse kholo tsa Naha (United Kingdom): Tlaleho ea Litšila tsa Nighttime Motorway, Windshield Smear Countermeasures, le Safe Haven Driving.
  • Mapampiri a Tshireletso ya Mmila wa Aforika Borwa wa Tshebeletso ya Sepolesa sa Aforika Borwa (SAPS) le Mokgatlo wa Dikoloi (AA): Mehato e Matla ya ho Thibela Bosiu ba Tsela ya Bosiu, Dithibelo tsa Majwe, le Lehe la Windshield/Oil Ambushes.

Litataiso tse amanang