Tafole Saw Kickback, Riving Knife, le Ho Amohuoa ha Monoana¶

Ho pholletsa le mabenkele a lik'habote tsa khoebo, libaka tsa mesebetsi ea kaho, le lithupelo tsa karache ea lapeng, tafole e emisitsoeng kapa e nkehang ea selikalikoe sa 254-millimeter (10-inch) e fana ka tlaleho ea ho khaoloa ha menoana ho bohloko le likotsi tse mpe tsa mpeng ho feta metjhini e meng eohle ea mapolanka e kopantsoeng. Lintlha tse tsoang ho U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) le Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) tokomane e fetang **30,000 ea maeto a ts'ohanyetso ea mafapha le 4,000+ ea ho khaola menoana e sa feleng le menoana ea matsoho selemo se seng le se seng ** United States feela ho tloha tafoleng ea ho kopana le lehare. Hoo e ka bang kotsi e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e matla ea tafole e khannoa ke ketsahalo e mabifi ea likarolo tse peli e bitsoang kickback: ha boto e feta ka meno a ka pele a theolelang fatše a lehare le pota-potileng **3,450 ho 5,000 revolutions ka motsotso (RPM) **, likhatello tsa lijo-thollo tse ka hare li baka slot e sa tsoa khaoloa (ho ea pinchp skews, kapa terata hanyenyane) bokamorao ba lehare. Hang-hang, meno a "carbide" a nyolohang (a nyolohang) ka morao ho lehare, a ea holimo le pele a lebile ho opereishene ka lebelo la ** 160 ho isa ho 290 km ka hora (maele tse 100 isa ho tse 180 kaora) **, a hohela likhoeleng tsa lehong. Ka nako ea metsotsoana e 0.05, meno a ka morao a nyolohang a khutlisetsa boto morao joalo ka misaele e otlolohileng mpeng, sefuba, groin, kapa sefahleho sa motho ea sebetsang, ha ka nako e le 'ngoe e hlohlora letsoho le letšehali kapa le letona la opereishene lehong le ho hula menoana ea eona ka kotloloho lehare le ohiang. Haeba tafola e poma monoana, e pshatla mothapo oa letsoho, kapa e khannela motho e mong ka boto ea ho raha, letsetsa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea sebakeng sa heno hang-hang (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom, 000 Australia, 111 New Zealand) kapa sheba lenane la rona la lefats'e la dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso. Bakeng sa lithupelo tse amanang haufi-ufi le liprothokholo tsa tlhokomelo ea batho ba sithabetseng, bala litataiso tsa rona ho angle grinder disc shatter, table saw kickback, le lathe entanglement, ho tsoa mali ho matla le kopo ea tourniquet, thakhisoa le ho tsitsisa ntho e tsoang kantle ho naha, le ente ea washer khatello le likotsi tsa kickback sesebelisoa sa matla.

Etsa sena hona joale¶

1. Otla sesebelisoa sa lengole kapa u lokolle sakha hang-hang, 'me u lule kapa u robale fatše motho ea lemetseng ka mor'a metsotsoana e 15: Le ka mohla u se ke ua fihla ka mose ho lehare la sakha ea lebopo ho tima switch. Etsa hore motho ea lemetseng a robale fatše kapa a lule fatše hang-hang: basebetsi ba mapolanka ba shebang letsoho le sothehileng ba atisa ho utloa bohloko hang-hang vasovagal syncope (ho akheha) nakong ea metsotsoana e 30 ho isa ho e 60 ebe ba otla lehata fatše.
2. Kopa likutu tse tsoang maling tsa letsoho kapa tsa monoana ka thata ka lesela le teteaneng le sa hloekang, kenya khatello e tiileng, 'me u phahamisetse letsoho ka holim'a boemo ba pelo: Methapo ea methapo ea kutlo e matha mahlakoreng ka bobeli a monoana o mong le o mong. Tobetsa lipampiri tse teteaneng tse mennweng tsa gauze ka ho toba holim'a likutu tsa monoana tse tsoang mali 'me u phuthe hantle ka bandeji ea rekere ea rolara ha u ntse u tšoere letsoho holimo. Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe kapa li-clamp tsa hemostat ho pitla mothapo o tsoang mali ka har'a kutu ea monoana, kaha clamping e pshatla mothapo o haufi oa digital. Beha letsoho windlass tourniquet bakeng sa ho khaoloa ha methapo e matla ea palema kapa ea letsoho e kenang ka har'a khatello e tobileng.
3. ** LE KA mohla u se ke ua khaola, ua sotha, kapa ua ntša monoana o seng o khaotsoe o ntseng o leketlile haufi le lesela la letlalo kapa mothapo:** Esita le haeba lesapo la monoana le phunyeletsoa 'me le leketla pel'a borokho ba letlalo la limilimithara tse 3, borokho boo bo tšesaane hangata bo na le methapo e setseng ea mokokotlo kapa mothapo oa methapo ea dijithale e hlokahalang ho boloka monoana o ntse o phela. Lula ka bonolo ho khaola karolo e itseng ka ho otloloha ka thōko ho monoana oa boahelani holim'a lehokelo le nang le mapheo, u le koahele ka lesela le kolobisitsoeng le nang le letsoai, 'me u le phuthe hanyenyane.
4. Kopanya menoana leha e le efe e khaotsoeng ka ho feletseng kapa likaroloana tsa menoana ea motona ka ho sebelisa "Mokotla o Monyehileng + O Tiisitsoeng o Omileng + Mokotla o Omileng oa Leqhoa" Mokhoa o Thibelang Habeli: Batla khabinete ea sakha le fatše bakeng sa likarolo tsohle tsa menoana e khaotsoeng. Hlatsoa sesepa sa sawdust ka bonolo ka saline e sa hloekang kapa metsi a libotlolo (le ka mohla u se ke ua senya), koahela nomoro ka ** gauze e sa hloekang e kolobisitsoeng ka letsoai **, e koahele ka har'a mokotla oa polasetiki o omileng o sa keneleng metsi, 'me u phaphametse mokotla oo ka har'a setsi sa bobeli se tletseng ** 50/50 slush ea metsi a leqhoa. Le ka mohla u se ke ua beha monoana o khaotsoeng ka ho toba holim'a leqhoa le hlobotseng kapa leqhoa le omileng, hape le ka mohla u se ke ua le kenya ka metsing.
5. Phahamisa hempe ea motho ea hlasetsoeng 'me u hlahlobe mpa, sefuba se ka tlaase le groin ho bona hore na ho na le tšusumetso e matla kapa mapolanka a khokhothetsoeng: Basebelisi ba otloa ka mpeng ka lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 160/h (100 mph) hangata ba sitisoa ke letsoho la bona le tsoang mali hoo ba lahleheloang ke leqeba le lengata le phatlohileng. Batla lets'oho kapa mpa e thata, 'me **le ka mohla u se ke ua ntša phahlo leha e le efe ea patsi e khokhothetsoeng ka mpeng, sefuba, kapa serope **; e tsitsise sebakeng ka meqolo e meholo ea gauze.
6. Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa saha efe kapa efe ea tafole ntle le haeba Riving Knife e hlophisitsoeng hantle e kentsoe ka har'a limilimithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8 (⅛ ho isa ho 5/16 inch) ka mor'a lehare: thipa e kobehileng ke lepheo la tšepe le kobehileng le kentsoeng ka mor'a lehare la sakha le phahamang, le theohang, le ho thetheha ka lehare ho tloha lehare le sehiloeng ho ea ka lehong, ho felisa ho feta **80 ho 90 lekholong ea li-kickbacks tsa rip-cut **.

Sefate sa qeto: tafole e ile ea bona ts'oaetso ea kickback le ts'ebetso ea ho boloka menoana ea ho khaoloa¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Kotsi ea Tafole: Ho Ikopanya le Lehare, Ho Amohuoa ha Monoana, kapa Boto ea Lebelo le Phahameng"] --> SceneSafe["1. HO TLOHA KA HO FIHLELA LE HO THIBELLA: 1. Hit Knee-Paddle Switch or Unplug Saw Cord 2. Lay or Sit Victim Flat on Floor Hang-hang (E Thibela Syncope Head Strike) 3. Letsetsa 911 / 112 / 999"]

    SceneSafe --> InjuryType{"2. Ke likotsi life tse teng ho motho ea sebetsang?"}

    InjuryType -->|"1. HO FUMANA KA HO PHETHAHETSENG HA MONOANA KAPA MONOANA"| AmpCare["STUMP HEMOSASIS & DOUBLE-BARRIER DIGIT COOLING: 1. Tobetsa Thick Sterile Gauze Ka ho Otloloha ho Li-Bleeding Stumps + Elevate Hand Kaholimo ho Pelo (NO Vessel Clamps) 2. Tima Lerōle la Collector & Fumana Likotoana Tsohle Tse Severed Digit ka hare ho Saw Cabinet/Floor Sefate3 Dry Plastic Bag -> Float Bag in 50/50 Ice-Water Slurry (NEVER Leqhoa le Otlolohileng)"]

    InjuryType -->|"2. KAROLO E KAROLO KAPA MANGLING LACERATION (Digit Attached by Skin/Tendon Bridge)"| PartialCare["SKIN-BRIDGE PRESERVATION PROTOCOL: 1. LE KA mohla U se ke Ua Khaola Kapa U Sotha Karolo ea Monoana o Leketlileng (Skin Bridge e Tšoara Metsing e Bohlokoa) 2. Ka Bonolo Lokahanya Monoana o otlolohile haufi le Digit ea boahelani holim'a Padded Flat Splint 3. Koahela Ka Saline-Moisten Sterile Gauze + Bulky Eleva Draw"]

    InjuryType -->|"4"| TourniquetCare["ARTERIAL HEMORRHAGE PROTOCOL: 1. Sebelisa Khatello ea Matsoho a Mabeli ka ho Otloloha ka Gauze Hang-hang 2. Haeba Mali a Khanyang a Bofubelu a Phatlalatsa A Soak ka: Strap CoTCCC Windlass Tourniquet 5 ho 8 cm (2 ho 3 ho) Kaholimo ho Letsoho / Leqeba 3. Twist Windlass Marking Untips Untips"]

    InjuryType -->|"4. TŠEBELETSO EA TORSO E BLUNT KAPA LERUMO LA LEFATE LE LE THOLOHANG HO TLOHA LEBOTO LA KICKBACK"| TorsoCare["MPA / THORACIC KICKBACK PROTOCOL: 1. Phahamisa Shirt & Hlahloba Mpa e ka Holimo Le letšehali (Spleen), Mpa ka ho Le letona (Sebete), Sefuba & Groin 2. U SE KE UA Hlōla Lithako Tsa Lehong Tse Behiloeng; E tsitsitse sebakeng se nang le Ring ea Bulky Gauze 3. Haeba Mpa e Tsitsitse / e Bonolo kapa Mohlaseluoa Pale / Clammy: Boloka Flat, Ha ho letho ka Molomo, Lipalangoang tse Potlakileng ho ea Setsing sa Trauma"]

Deep Dive 1: Fisiks ea mochini ea tafole e bone kinematics ea meno le lehare¶

Ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha tafole ea saw e hlahisa boto e tiileng ea oak ka potlako ho feta baseball le hore na ke hobane'ng ha thipa e fofang e tlamehile karolong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, bapisa ho sisinyeha ha meno a ka pele khahlano le meno a ka morao a lehare le chitja la 254-millimeter (10-inch).

1. Meno a Theohang ka Pele vs. Meno a Nyolohang ka Morao (160 ho isa ho 290 km/h Rim Speed)¶

Tafole e tloaelehileng ea 254-millimeter (10-inch) e bone li-arbor spins ho 3,450 ho isa ho 5,000 RPM. Ka 4,000 RPM, pherimitha e ka ntle ea meno a carbide e tsamaea ka \(53\text{ metres ka motsotsoana}\) (\(191\text{ kilometers per hour}\) or \(119\text{ miles per hour}\)), ha khabinete ea 305-millimeter (12-inch) text blade e fihla \(2\) ka motsotsoana\text{\(64h\text\) kapa \(143\mongolo{ mph}\)). - Moeli o ka Pele oa Lehare (Matla a ho Seha ka Tlase = Sireletsehile): Moo sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi se kopanang le pele la lehare, meno a carbide a tsamaea ** ho ea tlase ho leba holim'a tafole ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe **, e sutumelletsa boto ** fatše e bataletse khahlanong le tafole . - Mohaho o ka Morao oa Lehare (Ho Phahamisa Ho Phahameng = Enjene ea Kickback): Mophethong o ka morao oa sekotjana sa lehare, meno a tšoanang a carbide a phahama ** holimo ho sekotjana sa tafole ebe o kobehela pele sefubeng sa opereishene. Ka tloaelo, meno ana a ka morao a nyolohang a bilika ka bolokolohi ka har'a lekhalo le bulehileng la 3.2-millimeter (⅛-inch) ntle le ho ama lehong. - Ho Etsahala'ng Lehong la Hang-hang le ama meno a ka morao a nyolohang: Haeba lepolanka le ama mahlakoreng a meno a ka morao a nyolohang esita le li-milliseconds tse 10, meno a eang holimo a phahamisa bokamorao ba boto moeeng ebe o e palamisa ho moqhaka o ka hodimo oa lehare le ohiang, e leng ho theola boto+ ka ho toba km 0/16 ho ea morao mph).

====================================================================================
     PHYSICS OF TABLE SAW KICKBACK: WITHOUT RIVING KNIFE vs. WITH RIVING KNIFE
====================================================================================

 [A] WITHOUT RIVING KNIFE (LETHAL KICKBACK)   [B] WITH RIVING KNIFE INSTALLED (SAFE)

   Internal Wood Stress Pinches Kerf Shut       Curved Steel Riving Knife (3-8 mm
   OR Board Twists Between Fence & Blade        Behind Blade) Holds Kerf Open

         +-------+     +-------+                     +-------+  ||  +-------+
         |       | --> | <--   |                     |       |  ||  |       |
         | WOOD  | \ / | WOOD  |                     | WOOD  |  ||  | WOOD  |
         |       | (U) |       |                     |       |  ||  |       |
         +-------+ / \ +-------+                     +-------+  ||  +-------+
              Rear Rising Teeth                           Riving Knife Blocks
              Hook Pinched Wood                           Wood From Touching
              at 160-230 km/h                             Rear Rising Teeth
                    ||
                    vv
        LAUNCHES BOARD AT OPERATOR'S
        ABDOMEN & PULLS HAND OVER BLADE
====================================================================================

2. Lintho Tse 'Nè Tsa Ts'ebetso Tse Etsang Hore Lehong le Pinye meno a ka morao¶

1. Sefate sa Reaction (Ho thatafatsa Nyeoe le Khatello ea Keketseho): Esita le patsi e thata e omisitsoeng ka ontong ('mapole, oak, cherry, hickory) le mapolanka a foreimi ea kaho (2x4 pine/fir) a na le tsitsipano ea kahare. Ha u ntse u hahola boto ka bolelele ho theosa bohareng, ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo ho etsa hore likarolo tse peli tse sehiloeng ka mor'a lehare li ** inamela ka hare joaloka seaparo sa liaparo **, li itšoarella ka meno a ka morao a lehare ntle le hore **thipa e phallang ** e eme pakeng tsa tsona.
2. Ho Cheka Tsela ea Crosscut Pakeng tsa Lehare le Lekhoakhoa la Rip: Ho sebelisa miter gauge ho tšela boto ho ea bolelele ha u thellela teral rip terata ho ea fihla pheletsong e ka ho le letona ea boto ho thella sekotlo se hlephileng ka thata lipakeng tsa terata e thata ea tšepe e ka letsohong le letona le lehare le ka morao la meno. Meno a ka morao a hoketsa boloko ebe o e chesa mpeng kapa leihlong la motho ea sebetsang. (Molao: Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa terata ea rip le miter gauge hammoho ntle le haeba sethibelo se sekhutšoane se tlamelletsoeng ka pele ho terata ka pele ea lehare).
3. Mapolanka a Ripitseng, a Sothehileng, kapa a Koetsoeng Khahlanong le Fense: Haeba ntlha ea lepolanka e khahlano le terata e rip e kobehile (e se nang letho) kapa e sothehile ho fapana le ho ba sephara se kopantsoeng, boto e thella bohareng ba sehiloeng ebe e lebisa mohatla oa eona ka morao ho lehare.
4. Ho Fihla ka Morao ho Lehare kapa ho Tlohela Thupa e Sutumetsang: Ho sututsa lepolanka le moqotetsane (<15 cm / 6 bophara) ka menoana e se nang letho pakeng tsa lehare le terata, kapa ho sebelisa thupa e le 'ngoe e sa laoleheng e lenngoeng bohareng ba boto ho e-na le ho laola serethe khahlanong le terata.

Deep Dive 2: Litaolo tsa boenjineri (Riving Knife, Push Sticks, le Brake e Active e Utloisang Nama)¶

Tsamaiso ea ts'ireletso ea indasteri e laela hore u se ke ua itšetleha ka nako ea karabelo ea motho (\(0.20\text{ seconds}\)) ho otla lehare le potolohang ka makhetlo a 66 motsotsoana (\(0.015\text{ seconds per revolution}\)). Litaolo tse tharo tsa boenjiniere li thibela bobeli ho raha le ho khaola litho:

1. Hobaneng ha "Riving Thipa" ea Sejoale-joale e Phahamisa ho Feta "Splitter" ea Sejoale-joale?¶

Li-saha tsa khale tsa litafole tsa pele ho 2008 li ile tsa tla le tšepe e tsitsitseng ** Splitter ** e kentsoeng ka har'a kopano e kholo ea polasetiki e holim'a lehare e koetsoeng ka morao ho khabinete ea sakha. - Hobaneng Woodworkers ba ile ba Tlosa Mehaho ea Khale: Neng kapa neng ha setsebi sa lepolanka se ne se hloka ho etsa sekoa sa ho seha (sekotla sa dado, rabbet, kapa lenonyeletso la halofo moo lehare le sa phunyeletseng ka holim'a boto), sekhechana se selelele se ka holimo se otla patsi. Basebetsi ba mapolanka ba ile ba bula kopano eohle e arohaneng / ea balebeli 'me ba siea sakha e sa lebelloa ka ho sa feleng. - Kamoo thipa ea sejoale-joale ea Riving e Rarollang Bothata (UL 987 / IEC 62841 Standard): Ho tloha 2008 ho isa 2014, UL 987 le litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa mapolanka li laela hore tafole e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ncha e be le thipa e ikemetseng ** e kentsoeng ka kotloloho jokong ea kahare: 1. E ea Holimo, e Fatše, 'me e Sekama ka Lehare: Ha u ntse u theteletsa lehare fatše bakeng sa ntate ea foufetseng hore le sehe kapa le le sekamisetsa ho likhato tse 45, thipa e tsubehang e theohela fatše ka bo eona 'me e thekesela ho arc, e lula e tsitsitse 3 ho isa ho limilimithara tse 8 (meno a ⅛ ho isa ho 5/16 ka morao) 2. E lutse Hanyenyane ka Tlas'a Moqhaka o ka Holimo oa Lehare: Boemong ba eona bo tlase ba "e seng ho seha", ntlha e kaholimo ea thipa e tsubehang e lutse ** limilimithara tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 ka tlase ho leino le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la lehare la sakha, ho bolelang hore o ka etsa li-grooves tse foufetseng, mebutlanyana le likhoele ** ntle le ho tlosa thipa e ritsang**

2. Theknoloji ea Brake e Senyehileng ea Nama (Capacitive Contact Mitigation / "SawStop" Physics)¶

Lisaha tsa litafole tse sebetsang tsa ho fokotsa likotsi (tse qaliloe ke SawStop le ho hlahlojoa ke U.S. CPSC) li felisa ho khaola litho tse nang le linomoro tse ngata ha letsoho le se nang letho le thellela lehare le ohiang: 1. The 3-Volt, 12-Megahertz Capacitive Signal: Sakha e kenya lets'oao le lenyenyane la motlakase holim'a lehare la sakha ea tšepe ebe e le beha leihlo nako le nako. 2. Tlhahiso ea Bokhoni ba 'Mele oa Motho: Hobane 'mele oa motho o entsoe ka metsi a tsamaisang le li-electrolyte, o monya karolo ea lets'oao ha o kopana, athe lehong le omeletseng le polasetiki ha li etse joalo. 3. The 5-Millisecond Aluminium Brake Cartridge Activation: Hang ha ntlha ea monoana e ama leino, processor e chesa actuator e khannang "aluminium brake pawl** e tiileng menong a carbide ha e ntse e liha lehare ka tlas'a tafole ** ka tlase ho 3 ho isa ho 5 milliseconds - milliseconds - 1 milliseconds" Nick**.

Deep Dive 3: Tlhokomelo ea tsietsi ea Prehospital bakeng sa ho khaoloa ha litho tsa tafole le ho raha mpeng ka mpeng¶

1. Hobaneng Pholiso e Ntle ea Digit e Atolosa Fensetere ea ho Jala Metsoako e Menyenyane ho tloha Lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12 ho isa ho Lihora tse 24¶

Ha monoana kapa monoana o motona o khaoloa ka ho feletseng ke lehare la sakha ea tafole, lisele tse arohaneng li tlosoa mali a nang le oksijene (** ischemia ): - Nako e Mofuthu ea Ischemia (Ka Mocheso oa Kamore, \(20\text{ho }25\text{ °C}\)): Hobane menoana e na le zero mesifa boima (feela lesapo, mesifa, methapo, methapo ea mali le letlalo), linomoro tse khaotsoeng li mamella khaello ea phallo ea mali nako e teletsana ho feta letsoho le khaotsoeng, ho hlokofatsoa ke lefu la tsoekere ka lihora tse 8 ka mor'a lihora tse 8. - Nako ea Cold Ischemia (E pholile ho fihla ho \(+4\text{ °C} / 39\text{ °F}\) via Indirect Ice-Water Slurry): Ho pholisa nomoro e phuthetsoeng ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit) ho liehisa tlhokahalo ea metabolism ea oksijene ka 80 ho isa ho 90 lekholong, ho fetisetsa 2 lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4 tse sebetsang. - Ke Ho Fetoha ho Fetoha ho Bakhethoa ba Bohlokoa Bakeng sa ho Lema Hape? Lingaka tsa ho buoa li etelletsa ho lema hape: (1) Ho khaola menoana leha e le efe (40 ho isa ho 50 lekholong ea tšebetso ea letsoho); (2) ho khaola litho ka linomoro tse ngata **; ) ho khaoloa ha liatla, letsoho kapa letsoho**; (4) **ho khaoloa hmonoana o le mong distal ho ea bohareng ba phalanx; le (5) **ho khaoha ha setho leha e le sefe ho ngoana **. **Kamehla bokella, phuthela le ho phosa KAMOO E MONG LE E MONG e khaotsoeng mokatong oa workshop* e le hore ngaka ea matsoho e ka e lema hape kapa ea e sebelisetsa ho hlomathiseletsoa liseleng.

====================================================================================
    THE DOUBLE-BARRIER AMPUTATED FINGER PRESERVATION METHOD (+4 C / 39 F TARGET)
====================================================================================

   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | OUTER CONTAINER (Plastic Bowl, Cooler, or Heavy Ziploc Bag)           |
   |                                                                       |
   |   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   |
   |   *  50/50 SLURRY OF CRUSHED ICE CUBES + COLD TAP WATER (+4 C)    *   |
   |   *         +-------------------------------------------+         *   |
   |   *  [ICE]  | INNER SEALED WATERTIGHT PLASTIC BAG (DRY) |  [ICE]  *   |
   |   *         |   +-----------------------------------+   |         *   |
   |   *         |   | STERILE GAUZE LIGHTLY DAMPENED    |   |         *   |
   |   *  [ICE]  |   | WITH SALINE (WRAPPED AROUND DIGIT)|   |  [ICE]  *   |
   |   *         |   +-----------------------------------+   |         *   |
   |   *         +-------------------------------------------+         *   |
   |   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   * NEVER put naked tissue directly on bare ice or dry ice (causes frostbite)
   * NEVER submerge naked tissue in liquid water (causes osmotic cell burst)
====================================================================================

2. Ho Lemoha Ho Lieha Ho Tsoa Mali Ka Hare Ka mor'a hore Tafole e Boreleli e Saw Kickback ho ea ka mpeng.¶

Ha lepolanka la hardwood la boima ba lik'hilograma tse 2 (liponto tse 4.4) le khutlisetsoa morao ka lebelo la 180 km/h (112 mph), le fana ka kalo ho 2,500 Joules ea matla a kinetic ka mpeng ea motho ea sebetsang: 1. Ho phunya setho se se nang letho (Mala a Manyane / Mesentery): Letlapa le hatella mala a manyane khahlanong le lesapo la mokokotlo, ho rusolla methapo ea mesenteric kapa ho phatloha lebota la mala. 2. Ho Petsoha ha Setho se Tiileng (Lebete le ka Holimo Le letšehali / Sebete ka Holimo Ka ho Le letona): Ho otla ka lehlakoreng le letšehali ho ka baka splenic hematoma e tšollang mali ka har'a peritoneal cavity. 3. Matšoao a Letšoao le Lefubelu le Hlokang Lipalangoang tsa Ambulense Hang-hang: Letsetsa 911 / 112 / 999 hang ka mor'a hore ho be le seteraeke sa torso kickback haeba opareitara e qala: - Ho tsoela pele **mahlaba ka mpeng, ho lebela, kapa boto ea mesifa e thata **. - Ho buuoa ka bohloko ntlheng ea lehetla le letšehali ("letšoao la Kehr") ka mor'a kotsi ea splenic. - Ho tsekela ha motho u eme, letlalo le bosehla la clammy, ho otla ha pelo ka potlako (\(>100\text{bpm}\)), ho hlatsa, kapa mali ka har'a moroto. - Lerumo la patsi le khokhothetsoeng le hlahelletseng ka mpeng, seropeng, kapa seropeng: Le tlohele hantle 'me le tsitse ka meqolo e meholo ea gauze.

Linomoro tsa libaka tsa tšohanyetso le liprothokholo tsa mekhatlo¶

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa¶

Hantle-ntle ke eng e etsang hore sakha ea tafole e rahe boto ka lebelo le fetang 160 km/h (100 mph)?¶

Tafole ea limilimithara tse 254 (10-inch) e bilika ka 4,000 RPM e na le libaka tse peli tse fapaneng tse sisinyehang: meno a ka pele ** a theohela fatše ho ea tafoleng ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, a hatella patsi ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, ha meno a ka morao ** a phahama holimo ho tloha setulong sa tafole ebe o ea pele ho opareitara ka nako e fetang ** 160 lik'hilomithara tse 1 ho isa ho tse 200 ka hora. hora)**. Haeba tsitsipano e ka hare ea lehong e etsa hore kerf e sehiloeng e tsitlelle ka hare ka mor'a lehare, kapa haeba karolo ea mosebetsi e sotheha pakeng tsa terata e rip le karolo e ka morao ea lehare, meno ao a ka morao a hokamela lehong, a phahamise letlapa holim'a tafole, 'me a le kenye ka morao ka har'a torso ea opereishene ha a ntse a tsokotsa letsoho la moetsi ka ho toba ho pholletsa le lehare le ohiang.

Phapang ke efe lipakeng tsa thipa e tsubehang le tafole ea sejoale-joale ea khale, 'me ke hobane'ng ha thipa e phallang e emisa ho raha?¶

Mokhoa oa khale **splitter** e ne e le sengoathoana se tsitsitseng sa tšepe se boltloe ka morao ho khabinete ea sakha e le karolo ea molebeli o moholo oa holim'a hlooho; basebetsi ba mapolanka ba ne ba tlameha ho e phutholla le ho e tlosa neng kapa neng ha ba etsa dado groove, rabbet, kapa bevel cut. **Thipa e tsubellang** ke lephegwana la tšepe le kobehileng le koetsoeng ka kotloloho mochining o ka hare oa lehare feela **3 ho isa ho limilimithara tse 8 (1/8 ho isa ho 5/16 inch) ka mor'a meno a ka morao** e le hore e phahame, e theohe, 'me e sekame ka lehare, 'me ntlha ea eona e lule hanyane ka tlase ho leino le ka holimo. Hobane ha ho mohla u tlamehang ho e tlosa bakeng sa maqeba a sa phunyeheng, e ema ka morao ho lehare ho thibela kerf hore e se ke ea koala meno a ka morao a nyolohang.

Ke lokela ho boloka monoana kapa monoana o motona o khaotsoeng joang ka mor'a hore tafole e bone kotsi e le hore ngaka e ka e hokela hape?¶

Sebelisa Mokhoa oa **Double-Barrier Indirect Cooling Method**: (1) Hlatsoa butle mapolanka ka letsoai le hloekileng kapa ka metsi a libotlolo a hloekileng ntle le ho hohla; (2) phuthela nomoro e khaotsoeng ka botlalo ka **gauze e hloekisitsoeng e kolobisitsoeng hanyenyane ka letsoai le hloekisitsoeng **; (3) beha nomoro e phuthetsoeng ka har'a mokotla oa polasetiki oa zip-top ** o omileng, o sa keneleng metsi 'me u o koale; le (4) phaphametse mokotlana oo oa polasetiki o koetsoeng ka har'a sets'oants'o sa kantle se tlatsitsoeng **50/50 motsoako oa slush oa likotoana tsa leqhoa le metsi a batang **. **Le ka mohla u se ke ua beha monoana o khaotsoeng ka ho toba khahlano le leqhoa le se nang letho, liphutheloana tsa sehatsetsi sa gel, kapa leqhoa le omileng**, le homisang methapo ea mali e sa bonahaleng haholo ebe e etsa hore ho se khonehe ho jala hape ka ho buuoa.

Haeba monoana o batla o khaotsoe ka ho feletseng ke sakha ea tafole le ho leketla ka lesela le lesesaane la letlalo, na ke lokela ho le siea le khomaretsoe kapa ke le phuthele ka thoko?¶

**Le ka mohla u se ke ua khaola, ua sotha, kapa ua hula borokho ba letlalo kapa mothapo monoaneng o khaotsoeng hanyenyane, ho sa tsotellehe hore na borokho boo bo shebahala bo le mosesanyane hakae.** Esita le letlalo le tsitsitseng la limilimithara tse 2 ho isa ho tse 3 hangata le na le **feela e setseng ea mothapo o ka tlas'a letlalo kapa mothapo oa methapo** o bolokang mali a phalla ho kena kapa ho tsoa ntlheng ea monoana, e leng se eketsang lebelo la ho lokisoa ha microsurgical. Ka bonolo otlolla karoloana e leketlang ea monoana o leketlileng sebakeng sa eona sa tlhaho haufi le monoana o haufi o sa lemalang holim'a sekoahelo se nang le mapheo, u se koahele ka lesela le sa hloekang le nang le letsoai le kolobisitsoeng, phuthela letsoho ka seaparo se seholo se omeletseng, 'me u boloke letsoho le phahame.

Ke hobane'ng ha ho le kotsi ho sebelisa terata ea rip le miter gauge ka nako e le 'ngoe ha u tšela likotoana tsa patsi?¶

Ha u sutumelletsa boto ka mose ho lehare ka **miter gauge** ha **rip fence** e eme hantle khahlano le pheletsong ea letsoho le letona la boto e le sebaka sa ho emisa bolelele, sebaka se sa tsoa khaoha se koaleha ka har'a terata e thata e pakeng tsa terata e thata ea tšepe e ka letsohong le letona le meno a morao a nyolohang a lehare la sakha* ka letsohong le letšehali*. Hang ha sehiloeng se fela, boloko boa fetoha, bo tšoara meno a ka morao a 180 km/h, ebe bo chesa morao joalo ka kulo. Nako le nako ha u sebelisa terata ea rip e le sebaka sa ho emisa ho pheta-pheta li-crosscuts, kamehla u tlamelle **block e khuts'oane ea lepolanka ka pele ho terata e ka pele ho ntlha e ka pele ea lehare ** e le hore patsi e tlose terata pele e ama meno.

Ke lisebelisoa life tsa thuso ea pele tse lokelang ho kenngoa leboteng la lebenkele le leng le le leng la mapolanka?¶

Lebenkele le leng le le leng la mapolanka le lokela ho ba le lebota **Stop the Bleed and Amputation Trauma Kit** e ka finyelloang nakong ea metsotsoana e 5 ea tafole e sahiloeng: ** li-tourniquets tse peli tsa CoTCCC windlass **, **matlapa a 4x4 a sterile le a mpeng a gauze**, **e phuthela khatello ea elastic**, ****-sterile*-plasitiki e boima ea saline* e tloaelehileng ea saline le zidugs kopi e sirelelitsoeng** (bakeng sa ho boloka linomoro tse nang le litšitiso tse peli), **mehokelo ea menoana e koetsoeng**, **mekhoa ea ho hlaba maikutlo**, le **lithebe tse thata tsa mahlo**. Ho nka thuso ea pele e tiisitsoeng, CPR, le Stop the Bleed course from the Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapa mofani oa lehae o u lokisetsa ho nka khato e tiileng maemong a tšohanyetso a workshop.

Litataiso tse amanang¶

• Angle grinder disc shatter, table saw kickback, le lathe entanglement
• Ho tsoa mali ho matla le ho sebelisa windlass tourniquet
• Ho thakhisoa le ho tsitsisa ntho e tsoang kantle ho naha
• Ente ea washer ea khatello le likotsi tsa ho raha lisebelisoa tsa motlakase
• Chainsaw kickback, matla a sebetsang, le likotsi tsa ho rema lifate

Mehloli le tataiso ea semmuso¶

• Taolo ea Tšireletseho le Bophelo bo Botle mosebetsing (OSHA, United States): 29 CFR 1910.213 (Litlhoko tsa Mechini ea Ho sebetsa ka Lepolanka: Circular Hand-Fed Ripsaws, Hood Guards, Spreaders/Riving Knives, le Non-Kickback Fingers) le Melao ea Tlhokomelo ea Mochini oa eTool.
• **U.S. Komisi ea Tšireletso ea Lihlahisoa tsa Bareki (CPSC) le Li-Underwriters Laboratories (UL): ** *UL 987 / IEC 62841-3-1 Melao-motheo ea Modular Riving Knife le Phokotso e Matla ea Kotsi (AIM / Capacitive Flesh-Sensing Brake) Rulemaking Technical Reports *.
• Mookameli oa Bophelo bo Botle le Tšireletseho (HSE, United Kingdom): Khoutu e Amoheletsoeng ea Ts'ebetso L114 (Tšebeliso e Sireletsehileng ea Mechini ea Mapolanka) le Letlapa la Boitsebiso ba Woodworking WIS16: Circcular Saw Benches, Safe Working Practices (Riving Knife Adjustment and Push Stick Rules).
• American Society for Surgery of Hand (ASSH) le British Society for Surgery of Hand (BSSH): Clinical Guidelines for Prehospital Hemostasis, Skin-Bridge Splinting, and Indirect Ice-Water Slurry Preservation (\(+4\text{ °C}\)) of Amputated Digits for Microsurgic Replantation.
• ** Komiti ea American College of Surgeons (ACS) e mabapi le Tlhekefetso: ** * Tšehetso e Tsoetseng Pele ea Tšehetso ea Bophelo (ATLS) le ho Emisa Li-Protocol tsa Bleed bakeng sa Tlhekefetso ea Mpa e Phahameng ea Velocity Blunt le Extremity Arterial Hemorrhage *.