Tebụlụ Hụrụ Kickback, Mma Riving, na Mkpịsị Aka¶

Gburugburu ụlọ ahịa kabinet azụmahịa, ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu, na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ihe onyonyo okirikiri ** ọdụ ma ọ bụ obere 254-millimita (10-inch) na-ahụ maka mkpụpụ mkpịsị aka na-egbu mgbu na mmerụ ahụ siri ike nke ime afọ karịa igwe ndị ọzọ niile na-arụ ọrụ osisi. Data sitere na ** U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)** na ** Ọrụ Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)** akwụkwọ n'elu ** 30,000 ngalaba mberede nleta na 4,000+ na-adịgide adịgide mkpịsị aka na mkpịsị mkpịsị aka kwa afọ ** na United States naanị site na tebụl hụrụ kọntaktị agụba. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe mberede okpokoro ọ bụla na-eme ihe mberede na-eme ihe ike nke akụkụ abụọ a na-akpọ ** kickback **: ka osisi na-agafe n'ihu ezé na-egbutu ọnụ nke agụba na-agbagharị na ** 3,450 ruo 5,000 revolutions kwa nkeji (RPM) *, nrụgide mkpụrụ osisi dị n'ime na-eme ka oghere a na-egbutu ọhụrụ ( kerf ahụ, ma ọ bụ tụba n'etiti bọọdụ ahụ n'azụ). nke agụba. Ngwa ngwa, ** azụ azụ na-arịgo (na-ebili) ezé carbide ** n'azụ agụba ahụ, na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na onye ọrụ na ọsọ ọsọ nke ** 160 ruo 290 kilomita kwa elekere (100 ruo 180 kilomita kwa elekere) **, tinye n'ime eriri osisi. N'ime sekọnd 0.05, ezé azụ na-arị elu na-atụgharị bọọdụ azụ azụ dị ka ngwa agha ozugbo banye n'ime afọ, thorax, oke, ma ọ bụ ihu onye ọrụ, ebe ọ na-ewepụ aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri onye ọrụ n'osisi wee na-adọkpụrụ mkpịsị aka ha ozugbo na agụba na-atụgharị. Ọ bụrụ na tebụl hụrụ ka ebipụrụ mkpịsị aka, kechie akwara nkwojiaka, ma ọ bụ kwọba bọọdụ kickback n'ime akwara mmadụ, kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara gị ozugbo (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom, 000 na Australia, 111 na New Zealand) ma ọ bụ lelee akwụkwọ ndekọ aha zuru ụwa ọnụ nke anyị. nọmba mberede. Maka ogbako nwere njikọ chiri anya na usoro nlekọta trauma, gụọ ntuziaka anyị na angle grinder disc gbajiri, table hụrụ kickback, na lathe entanglement, nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba na ngwa nlegharị anya, kpọgidere n'osisi na nkwụsi ike ihe mba ọzọ, na Ngwunye ihe nrụgide nrụgide na ngwa ike kickback merụrụ ahụ.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. Kụnye mgba ọkụ ikpere ikpere ma ọ bụ wepụ ihe nkwọ ahụ ozugbo, ma nọdụ ma ọ bụ dina onye ọrụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ n'ala n'ime sekọnd iri na ise: Erutela n'ofe ịnya ụgbọ mmiri iji gbanyụọ mgba ọkụ. Mee ka onye ahụ merụrụ ahụ dinara ala ma ọ bụ nọdụ n'ala ozugbo: ndị na-arụ ọrụ osisi na-ele aka na-agbaji agbaji na-ata ahụhụ na mberede vasovagal syncope (na-ada mbà) n'ime 30 ruo 60 sekọnd wee tie okpokoro isi ha n'ala.
2. ** Kechie aka na-agba ọbara ma ọ bụ mkpisiaka mkpịsị aka na akwa gauze siri ike, tinye nrụgide siri ike, ma welie ogwe aka karịa ọkwa obi:** akwara dijitalụ na-agba n'akụkụ abụọ nke mkpịsị aka ọ bụla. Pịa paịlị gauze apịaji kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ozugbo n'elu mkpịsị aka na-agba ọbara wee kechie nke ọma na bandeeji na-agbanwe agbanwe ka ị na-ejide aka elu. ** Ejila nkpachi igwe ma ọ bụ hemostat clamps tuo akwara na-agba ọbara n'ime mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka ***, ka ịpịkọ na-etipịa akwara dijitalụ dị n'akụkụ. Debe aka n'ihu ** ihe nlegharị anya windlass *** maka nkwụ siri ike ma ọ bụ bepụ akwara nkwojiaka nke na-esi na mgbakwasa nrụgide ozugbo.
3. Ewepụla, gbagọrọ agbagọ, ma ọ bụ dọpụ mkpịsị aka nke ebipụrụ n'akụkụ nke ka na-ekowe site na mpempe akpụkpọ ma ọ bụ akaị: Ọbụlagodi na ọkpụkpụ mkpịsị aka a na-akwọcha ya ma kwụgidere n'elu akwa akpụkpọ anụ dị mita atọ, akwa akpụkpọ ahụ dị warara na-enwekarị ** naanị veins azụ azụ ma ọ bụ akwara dijitalụ** dị ndụ iji mee ka mkpịsị aka ya dị ndụ. Jiri nwayọọ dozie nbipụ akụkụ ahụ kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ mkpịsị aka agbata obi na splint nwere padded, kpuchie ya na gauze saline nwere mmiri mmiri na-adịghị ọcha, ma kechie ya nke ọma.
4. ** Kwakọba mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ akụkụ mkpịsị aka ọ bụla ebibiri kpamkpam site na iji “Damp Gauze + Akpa akọrọ + Ice-water Slurry” Usoro mgbochi okpukpu abụọ: ** Chọọ kabinet na ala maka akụkụ mkpịsị aka niile ebipụrụ. Jiri nwayọ were saline na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mmiri karama kpochie ya, kechie ọnụọgụ ahụ na ** sterile gauze nke ejiri saline mee ya nke ọma, mechie ya n'ime akpa plastic zip-top nke mmiri na-adịghị mmiri, ma fesaa akpa ahụ n'ime akpa nke abụọ jupụtara na mmiri oyi 50/50. Edokwala mkpịsị aka e kewapụrụ ozugbo na ice ma ọ bụ ice kpọrọ nkụ, etinyekwala ya na mmiri.
5. ** Welie uwe elu onye ahụ wee lelee afọ, obi dị ala, na ukwu maka mmetụta mgbaka na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ osisi ndị a kpọgidere n'osisi:** Ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-akụ n'ime afọ site na bọọdụ ịgba mgba 160km / h (100 mph) na-adọpụ uche nke ukwuu site na aka ha na-agba ọbara nke na ha na-atụfu ** splin gbawara agbawa, imeju gbawara agbawa, ma ọ bụ gbajiri obere oghere*. Chọọ nhụsianya ma ọ bụ afọ siri ike, ma ** ewepụla mkpọmkpọ nkụ ọ bụla a kpọgidere n'afọ, obi ma ọ bụ apata ụkwụ**; were nnukwu gauze mpịakọta mee ka ọ kwụsie ike.
6. Ejila tebụl ọ bụla rụọ ọrụ ọ gwụla ma etinyere mma Riving dabara nke ọma n'ime 3 ruo 8 millimeters (⅛ ruo 5/16 inch) n'azụ agụba ahụ: ** A ** mma na-agbagharị ** bụ nchara nchara agbagoro n'azụ agụba nke na-ebili, na-agbada, na tilts na-akpaghị aka na agụba ahụ, na-egbochi ya n'osisi na-egbutu n'elu osisi na-akpụ akpụ. ** Pasent 80 ruo 90 nke mgbaka mgbagha mgbakasị ahụ.

Osisi mkpebi: okpokoro hụrụ nhụsianya azụ azụ na ntube nchekwa mkpisiaka¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Ihe mberede Ahụhụ Tebụlụ: Kọntaktị agụba, Mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka, ma ọ bụ mgbagha bọọdụ dị elu"] --> SceneSafe["1. Mkpuchi ngwa ngwa & Mgbochi nkụda mmụọ: 1. Kụta eriri ikpere ikpere ma ọ bụ wepụ eriri ahụ 2. Dina ma ọ bụ nọdụ ọdụ n'ala ozugbo (na-egbochi Syncope Head Strike) 3. Kpọọ 911 / 112 / 999"]

    SceneSafe --> InjuryType{"2. Kedu mmerụ ahụ dị na onye ọrụ?"}

    InjuryType -->|"1. Mbipụ isi mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka zuru ezu"| AmpCare["STUMP HEMOSTASIS & ỤBỌCHỊ-BARRIER DIGIT COLING: 1. Pịa Ọkpụkpụ Sterile Gauze ozugbo na stumps na-agba ọbara + welie aka n'elu obi (enweghị ihe mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri) 2. Gbanyụọ onye na-anakọta uzuzu & chọta ebe niile Severed Digit Pieces n'ime Saw Cabinet/Floor in Dampline 3. Akpa -> Akpa na-ese n'elu mmiri na 50/50 Ice-water Slurry (Ọ dịghị mgbe kpọmkwem ice)"]

    InjuryType -->|"2. Mpụpụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka (ọnụọgụ ejiri akpụkpọ anụ/Akpịsị aka jikọtara)"| PartialCare["PRESERVATION PROTOCOL SKIN-BRIDGE PROTOCOL: 1. Adịla ebipụ ma ọ bụ gbagọrọ agbagọ n'akụkụ akụkụ mkpịsị aka na-akụda mmụọ (Akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na-ejide akwara siri ike) 2. Jiri nwayọ dozie mkpịsị aka kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ ọnụọgụ agbataobi na padded Flat Splint 3. Na-ekpuchi ya na Saline-Moistened Sterile Gauyze + Elereuyze"]

    InjuryType -->|"3. NDỊ NA-AKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWASỊAKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWỤKWASỊRỊRỊRỊRỊỊRỊ"| TourniquetCare["Usoro ọbara ọgbụgba ARTERIAL: 1. Tinye nrụgide aka abụọ kpọmkwem n'elu gauze ozugbo 2. Ọ bụrụ na Bright Red Spurting Blood Soaks Site: Strap CoTCCC Windlass Tourniquet 5 ruo 8 cm (2 ruo 3 in) N'elu stovu / ọnya 3. Ruo mgbe oge na-agbagwoju anya Windlass."]

    InjuryType -->|"4. MMETỤTA MMỤTA OKWU MA ọ bụ Ube osisi kpọgidere n'osisi sitere na bọọdụ KICKback"| TorsoCare["PROTOCOL ABDOMINAL / THORACIC KICKBACK PROTOCOL: 1. Ebuli Uwe & Lelee Upper Left Abdomen (Spleen), Right Abdomen (imeju), Chest & Groin 2. Ọ BỤGHỊ DỊGHỊ ỊKPỤRỤ NKE MKPỤRỤ Osisi; Mee ka ọ kwụsie ike na mgbanaka gauze buru ibu 3. Ọ bụrụ na afọ dị nhịahụ / dị nro ma ọ bụ onye ihe merụrụ ahụ na-acha uhie uhie / Clammy: Debe Flat, Ọ dịghị ihe site n'ọnụ, Ụgbọ njem ngwa ngwa gaa Center Trauma"]

Miri mmiri miri emi 1: Fiziks n'ibu nke tebụl hụrụ kickback na agụba ezé kinematics¶

Iji ghọta ihe mere tebụl hụrụ na-ebupụta bọọdụ oak siri ike ngwa ngwa karịa pitch baseball yana ihe kpatara ** mma na-agba ọsọ ** ji bụrụ iwu na mkpụbelata ọ bụla, tulee mmegharị nke ** ezé n'ihu ** n'akụkụ ** ezé azụ ** nke 254-millimita (10-inch) okirikiri ịkwọ okirikiri.

1. Ezé na-arịdata n'ihu megide ezé na-agbago azụ (160 ruo 290 km / h Ọsọ Rim)¶

Tebụl ọkọlọtọ 254-millimita (10-inch) hụrụ arbor na-atụgharị na *3,450 ruo 5,000 RPM . Na 4,000 RPM, mpụta mpụta nke ezé carbide na-aga na \(53\text{mitoci kwa nkeji}\) (\(191\text{kilomita kwa elekere}\) ma ọ bụ \(119\text{mayl kwa hour}\)), ebe kabinet 305-millimeter (12-inch\() agụba ruru (\){\(30\m\)text kwa nkeji). ma ọ bụ \(143\ederede{mph}\)). - ** N'ihu ihu nke Blade (Ike mgbada ala = Nchekwa): Ebe workpiece na-ezute n'ihu agụba a, ezé carbide na-aga ** gbadaa n'akụkụ tebụl nke nkedo ígwè **, na-ebughị bọọdụ ** gbadaa larịị megide tebụl *. - ** N'azụ ihu nke Blade (Elu elu na-ebuli elu = The Kickback Engine): N'azụ azụ nke oghere agụba, otu ezé carbide kpọmkwem na-ebili ** elu site na oghere tebụl wee tụgharịa gaa n'ihu n'obi onye ọrụ. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ezé ndị a na-arịgo n'azụ na-atụgharị kpamkpam n'ime oghere 3.2-millimita (⅛-inch) hụrụ kerf na-emetụghị osisi ahụ aka. - ** Ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa osisi na-emetụ azụ na-ebili n'azụ: ** Ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ na-emetụ akụkụ nke azụ na-arị elu maka ọbụna milliseconds 10, ezé na-arịgo elu na-ebuli azụ nke bọọdụ ahụ n'ikuku wee gbagoo ya n'elu ** n'elu okpueze na-agbagharị agbagharị **, nke ** na-eme ka osisi ahụ laghachi azụ n'ime onye ọrụ (160 km / h)

====================================================================================
     PHYSICS OF TABLE SAW KICKBACK: WITHOUT RIVING KNIFE vs. WITH RIVING KNIFE
====================================================================================

 [A] WITHOUT RIVING KNIFE (LETHAL KICKBACK)   [B] WITH RIVING KNIFE INSTALLED (SAFE)

   Internal Wood Stress Pinches Kerf Shut       Curved Steel Riving Knife (3-8 mm
   OR Board Twists Between Fence & Blade        Behind Blade) Holds Kerf Open

         +-------+     +-------+                     +-------+  ||  +-------+
         |       | --> | <--   |                     |       |  ||  |       |
         | WOOD  | \ / | WOOD  |                     | WOOD  |  ||  | WOOD  |
         |       | (U) |       |                     |       |  ||  |       |
         +-------+ / \ +-------+                     +-------+  ||  +-------+
              Rear Rising Teeth                           Riving Knife Blocks
              Hook Pinched Wood                           Wood From Touching
              at 160-230 km/h                             Rear Rising Teeth
                    ||
                    vv
        LAUNCHES BOARD AT OPERATOR'S
        ABDOMEN & PULLS HAND OVER BLADE
====================================================================================

2. Ihe anọ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-eme ka osisi tụọ ezé azụ¶

1. ** Osisi mmeghachi omume (okwu dị n'ime-ike na nrụgide uto): *** Ọbụna osisi siri ike nke kiln (maple, oak, cherry, hickory) na osisi na-ewu ụlọ (2x4 pine / fir) nwere esemokwu dị n'ime. Ka ị na-adọka osisi n'ogologo gbadaa n'etiti, na-ebelata nrụgide ahụ na-eme ka akụkụ abụọ ahụ dị n'azụ agụba gaa ** rute n'ime dị ka akwa akwa ***, na-amagide n'azụ ezé nke agụba ma ọ bụrụ na ** mma iyi ** guzo n'etiti ha.
2. ** Trapping a Crosscut Offcut N'etiti Agụba na Rip Nsu: *** Iji ** miter nlele ** crosscut a osisi n'ogologo mgbe sliding na ** yiri rip nsu ** elu megide nri njedebe nke osisi wedges rụrụ cutoff ngọngọ tightly n'etiti isiike nchara rip nsu n'aka nri na spinning blade na azụ ezé nke ekpe. Ezé azụ na-ejikọta ngọngọ ahụ wee gbaa ya ọkụ n'ime afọ ma ọ bụ anya onye ọrụ. (** Iwu: *** Ejila ngere rip na miter gauge ọnụ ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri obere ihe nkwụsị inyeaka na-agbanye n'ihu ngere ** n'ihu *** nke agụba).
3. ** Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ osisi na-agba n'elu ngere ahụ bụ concave (oghere) ma ọ bụ gbagọrọ agbagọ kama ijikọ ọnụ, osisi ahụ na-ama jijiji n'etiti etiti ahụ site na ịkpụ ma na-atụgharị ọdụ ya ozugbo n'azụ agụba ahụ.
4. Irute n'azụ Blade ma ọ bụ ịhapụ mkpịrị osisi: Iji mkpịsị aka na-enweghị ihe na-ebugharị osisi dị warara (<15 cm / 6 n'obosara) n'etiti agụba na ngere ahụ, ma ọ bụ jiri otu mkpisi na-enweghị njikwa a kụrụ n'etiti osisi kama ịchịkwa ikiri ụkwụ megide ngere ahụ.

Nmikpu miri 2: Njikwa injinia (Mma Riving, Push Sticks, and Activ Felesh-Sesensing Brakes)¶

Ndị isi nchekwa nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ na-ekwu na ị nweghị ike ịdabere na oge mmeghachi omume mmadụ (\(0.20\text{sekọnd}\)) iji kụrie agụba na mgbanwe mgbanwe 66 kwa nkeji (\(0.015\ederede{sekọnd kwa mgbanwe}\)). Njikwa injinia atọ na-egbochi ma igba azụ na bepụ:

1. Ihe mere “mma na-agba mmiri” nke oge a ji dị nnọọ elu karịa “Splitter” ochie.¶

Nkwọ okpokoro tupu afọ 2008 bịara jiri igwe kwụ ọtọ ** nkesa ** etinyere n'ime nnukwu ụlọ nchekwa nchekwa plastik buru ibu gbadara n'azụ kabinet ahụ. - ** Ihe mere ndị na-arụ osisi ji wepụrụ Old Splitters: *** Mgbe ọ bụla onye na-arụ ọrụ osisi chọrọ iji mee ** nke na-adịghị site na ịkpụ ** ( oghere dado, rabbet, ma ọ bụ ọkara ụkwụ ụkwụ ebe agụba anaghị esi n'elu osisi ahụ), onye na-ekesa elu dị elu kụrụ osisi ahụ. Ndị na-arụ osisi kụpụrụ mgbakọ nkewa/nchekwa niile wee hapụ nkwọ ahụ na-enweghị nchekwa. - ** Otu mma Riving ọgbara ọhụrụ si edozi nsogbu ahụ (UL 987 / IEC 62841 Standard):** Kemgbe 2008 ruo 2014, UL 987 na ụkpụrụ ọrụ osisi nke mba ụwa nyere iwu na tebụl ọhụụ ọ bụla hụrụ njiri mara mma ** modular riving nke kwụnyere ozugbo na agụba arbor ke: 1. ** Na-ebuli elu, Ala, na Tilts na Blade: *** Ka ị na-akụda agụba ahụ maka igbutu dado kpuru ìsì ma ọ bụ tie ya na ogo 45, mma na-agba ọsọ ** na-agbada na-akpaghị aka ma gbadaa n'otu arc ahụ, na-ejigide ** 3 ruo 8 millimeter (⅛ ruo 5/16 inch) oghere n'azụ azụ. 2. ** Nọdụ ala n'okpuru okpueze dị elu nke Blade: ** N'ọnọdụ ya dị ala "na-abụghị nke a na-egbutu", ọnụ elu nke mma na-agbagharị na-anọdụ ala ** 1 ruo 2 millimeters n'okpuru eze kachasị elu nke agụba ahụ **, nke pụtara na ị nwere ike ime oghere, rabbets, na tenons ** na-ewepụghị mma na-agba agba ***.

2. Teknụzụ breeki na-ahụ maka anụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ (Mbelata kọntaktị ike / “SawStop” Physics)¶

Nkwọ tebụl na-ebelata mmerụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ (nke ** SawStop** na-asụ ụzọ wee na-enyocha ya site na US CPSC) na-ewepụ mkpụpụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ mgbe aka efu na-adaba na agụba na-atụgharị: 1. ** Ihe ngosi 3-Volt, 12-Megahertz Capacitive Signal:** Nkịta ahụ na-ebute obere mgbama eletrik na nchara nchara ma na-enyocha ya mgbe niile. 2. ** Nchọpụta ikike ahụ mmadụ:** N'ihi na ahụ mmadụ nwere mmiri na-eduzi na electrolytes, ọ na-amịkọrọ akụkụ nke mgbaàmà na kọntaktị, ebe nkụ nkụ na plastik adịghị. 3. ** Ihe 5-Millisecond Aluminom Brake Cartridge Activation:** Ozugbo mkpịsị aka na-emetụ eze aka, onye nrụpụta ahụ na-agba ọkụ na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ siri ike ** aluminom breeki pawl ** n'ime ezé carbide na-agbagharị agbagharị mgbe ọ na-atụba agụba n'okpuru tebụl na ** ihe na-erughị 3 ruo 5 milliseconds ***, na-ahapụ naanị anụ ahụ ** 1-mita.

Ndakpu miri 3: Nlekọta trauma nke ụlọ ọgwụ na-ahụ maka tebulu hụrụ mkpụpụ na mgbaka afọ na-enweghị isi.¶

1. Gịnị kpatara oyi digit kwesịrị ekwesị ji gbasaa windo ntugharị microsurgical site na awa 6 ruo awa 12 ruo 24¶

Mgbe mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka na-ebipu kpamkpam site na tebụl ịhịa aka n'ahụ, anụ ahụ ndị ahụ kewapụrụ na-enweta ọbara oxygenated (ischemia): - ** Oge Ischemia na-ekpo ọkụ (N'ụlọ okpomọkụ, $ 20 ederede {ka } 25 ederede {°C}$):* N'ihi na mkpịsị aka nwere ** efu muscle mass ** (naanị ọkpụkpụ, akwara, irighiri akwara, arịa ọbara, na akpụkpọ anụ), ọnụọgụ ndị e kewapụrụ na-anabata enweghị ọbara na-eru ogologo oge karịa ogwe aka ma ọ bụ ụkwụ gbawara agbawa, na-ata ahụhụ mgbe awa 8 na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. - ** Oge Ischemia oyi (Cooled to \(+4\text{°C} / 39\text{°F}\) site na Indirect Ice-Water Slurry):** Idozi ọnụọgụ nke ọbọp n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla na ** 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit) *** na-ebelata mkpa oxygen nke metabolic site na ** 80 ruo 90% na 90% nke na-eme ka ikuku oxygen na-emegharị na windo microplane. awa**. - ** Kedu ihe nbipụ bụ ndị ga-ebute ụzọ maka mkpụgharị ihe?** Ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na-ebute ụzọ ịkụgharị ihe: (1) Mpụpụ mkpịsị aka ọ bụla (pasent 40 ruo 50 nke ọrụ aka); (2) Mbipụ ọtụtụ ọnụọgụgụ; (3) ** Mgbupụ n'ọbụ aka, nkwojiaka, ma ọ bụ n'ihu; (4) ** ebipụ otu mkpịsị aka ruo n'etiti phalanx**; na (5) ** ebipụ mkpụrụọnụọgụ ọ bụla n'ime nwatakịrị**. Na-anakọta mgbe niile, kechie, ma dị jụụ akụkụ ọ bụla e kewara n'ala ogbako ka onye dọkịta na-awa aka wee nwee ike ịkụgharị ya ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe na-ekedo anụ ahụ.

====================================================================================
    THE DOUBLE-BARRIER AMPUTATED FINGER PRESERVATION METHOD (+4 C / 39 F TARGET)
====================================================================================

   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | OUTER CONTAINER (Plastic Bowl, Cooler, or Heavy Ziploc Bag)           |
   |                                                                       |
   |   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   |
   |   *  50/50 SLURRY OF CRUSHED ICE CUBES + COLD TAP WATER (+4 C)    *   |
   |   *         +-------------------------------------------+         *   |
   |   *  [ICE]  | INNER SEALED WATERTIGHT PLASTIC BAG (DRY) |  [ICE]  *   |
   |   *         |   +-----------------------------------+   |         *   |
   |   *         |   | STERILE GAUZE LIGHTLY DAMPENED    |   |         *   |
   |   *  [ICE]  |   | WITH SALINE (WRAPPED AROUND DIGIT)|   |  [ICE]  *   |
   |   *         |   +-----------------------------------+   |         *   |
   |   *         +-------------------------------------------+         *   |
   |   * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
   * NEVER put naked tissue directly on bare ice or dry ice (causes frostbite)
   * NEVER submerge naked tissue in liquid water (causes osmotic cell burst)
====================================================================================

2. Ịghọta ọbara ọgbụgba ime na-egbu oge mgbe tebụl na-adịghị ahụkebe hụrụ mgbaghachi na afọ afọ.¶

Mgbe 2-kilogram (4.4-paụnd) osisi osisi siri ike chụpụrụ azụ azụ na 180 km / h (112 mph), ọ na-ebuga ** ihe karịrị 2,500 Joules nke ike kinetic na-adịghị mma ** n'ime afọ onye ọrụ: 1. ** Mmebi nke akụkụ oghere (obere eriri afọ / mesentery):** bọọdụ ahụ na-akpakọba obere eriri afọ n'ọkpụkpụ lumbar, na-adọwa arịa mesenteric ma ọ bụ na-agbaji mgbidi eriri afọ. 2. Mgbawa akụkụ ahụ siri ike (Spleen n'elu aka ekpe / imeju n'elu aka nri): Ọkpụkpụ aka ekpe nke dị n'okpuru ala nwere ike ime ka splenic hematoma na-agbaba n'ime oghere peritoneal. 3. ** Ihe ịrịba ama Red Flag chọrọ ụgbọ njem ụgbọ ihe mberede ozugbo: *** Kpọọ 911/112/999 ozugbo ọ gbasachara azụ azụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ ahụ tolitere: - Na-aga n'ihu ** mgbu afọ, nchekwa, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi muscular dị ka osisi**. - ** Mgbu a na-ezo aka na nsọtụ nke ubu aka ekpe ("Akara Kehr") ** mgbe mmerụ ahụ splenic gasịrị. - ** Ntugharị n'elu guzoro ọtọ, akpụkpọ ahụ na-achacha acha uhie uhie, pulse ngwa ngwa (\(>100\text{bpm}\)), vomiting, ma ọ bụ ọbara n'ime mmamịrị**. - Ube akpọgidere n'osisi nke na-esi n'afọ, ukwu, ma ọ bụ apata pụta: Hapụ ya nke ọma ma were mpịakọta gauze kwụsie ike.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ¶

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Kedu ihe na-eme n'ezie ka tebụl kwọọ bọọdụ azụ n'ihe karịrị 160 km / h (100 mph)?¶

Tebụl 254-millimita (10-inch) hụrụ agụba na-agbagharị na 4,000 RPM nwere mpaghara ngagharị abụọ na-emegide: ** ezé n'ihu ** na-agbada na tebụl nke nkedo, na-akụ osisi ahụ n'enweghị nsogbu, ebe ** ezé azụ* na-ebili elu site na oghere tebụl wee gaa n'ihu onye ọrụ n'ihe karịrị ** 160 ruo 2000 kilomita kwa elekere. awa)**. Ọ bụrụ na esemokwu dị n'ime osisi ahụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ kerf banye n'ime n'azụ agụba ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na workpiece na-agbagọ n'etiti ngere ahụ na azụ nke agụba ahụ, ezé ndị na-ebili n'azụ na-abanye n'ime osisi ahụ, bulite osisi ahụ na tebụl, ma malite ya azụ azụ n'ime onye na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-amanye aka onye ọrụ ogologo n'ofe agụba.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti mma na-agba na tebụl ochie sawter, gịnịkwa mere mma na-agba ji akwụsị ịkụ azụ?¶

Ihe ochie **splitter** bụ mpempe mpempe akwụkwọ a kapịrị ọnụ n'azụ kabinet a na-ahụ ihe dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu mkpuchi mkpuchi n'elu; Ndị na-arụ osisi aghaghị ịgbapụ ma wepụ ya mgbe ọ bụla ha na-eme oghere dado kpuru ìsì, rabbet, ma ọ bụ bevel. Mma ** nke ọgbara ọhụrụ *** bụ nchara nchara agbagoro agbadoro ozugbo na sistemu agụba dị n'ime naanị ** 3 ruo 8 millimeters (1/8 ruo 5/16 inch) n'azụ azụ azụ *** ka o wee bilie, wedata, na tilt na-akpaghị aka na agụba, ọnụ ya na-anọdụ ala n'okpuru eze n'elu. N'ihi na ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-ewepụ ya maka ndị na-abụghị site na mbepụ, ọ na-eguzo na-adịgide adịgide n'azụ agụba ahụ iji gbochie kerf ka ọ ghara ịkụnye ya n'azụ ezé na-ebili.

Kedu otu m ga-esi chekwaa mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ isi aka ewepụsịrị mgbe tebụl hụchara ihe mberede ka dọkịta na-awa ahụ nwee ike itinyeghachi ya?¶

Jiri usoro dị jụụ ** okpukpu abụọ-ihe mgbochi na-apụtachaghị ìhè ***: (1) Jiri nwayọọ saline saline na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ mmiri karama dị ọcha na-ekpochapụ ahịhịa na-adịghị; (2) Kechie mkpụrụọnụọgụ ahụ ebibiri kpamkpam na ** gauze na-adịghị mma nke ejiri saline na-adịghị mma mee ya. (3) tinye mkpụrụọnụọgụ a kechiri n'ime ** akpa rọba zip-top nke mmiri na-adịghị mmiri** wee mechie ya; na (4) sere n'elu akpa rọba mechiri emechi n'ime akpa dị n'èzí jupụtara na ngwakọta slush ** 50/50 nke ice cubes na mmiri oyi. **Edokwala mkpịsị aka a kewapụrụ ozugbo megide ice na-enweghị isi, ngwugwu gel friza, ma ọ bụ ice kpọrọ nkụ ***, nke na-eme ka arịa ọbara dị ntakịrị sie ike ma mee ka ịwa ahụ agaghị ekwe omume.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-ahụ maka tebụl na-ebipụ mkpịsị aka kpamkpam ma kwụgide ya n'apata akpụkpọ ahụ dị mkpa, m ga-ahapụ ya ka ejikọta ya ma ọ bụ kechie ya iche?¶

**Adịla mgbe ebipụla, gbagọọ, ma ọ bụ dọpụpụ akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ àkwà mmiri akwara na mkpịsị aka nke ebipụrụ ebipụ, n'agbanyeghị otú àkwà mmiri ahụ siri dị ntakịrị. Jiri nwayọọ gbatịa akụkụ mkpịsị aka ahụ na-agba agba n'ime nhazi nke okike ya n'akụkụ mkpịsị aka na-emerụghị ahụ na splint, kpuchie ya na gauze na-adịghị mma nke saline, kechie aka ya na akwa akwa kpọrọ nkụ, wee welie aka elu.

Gịnị mere o ji dị ize ndụ iji ngere dọwara adọka na ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ miter n'otu oge mgbe a na-akpụ osisi ndị dị mkpirikpi?¶

Mgbe ị na-ebugharị bọọdụ gafee agụba na ** miter gauge ** ebe ** rip nger ** nọ n'ọnọdụ ziri ezi na nsọtụ aka nri nke osisi ahụ dị ka nkwụsị ogologo oge, ihe mgbochi cutoff ahụ ebipụrụ ọhụrụ na-enweta ** tọrọ atọ na vise siri ike n'etiti ngere siri ike nchara n'aka nri na azụ na-arịgo ezé nke ahịhịa na-agbagharị n'aka ekpe. Ozugbo ebipụ ya, ngọngọ ahụ na-agbanwe, na-ejide ezé azụ na-ebili 180 km / h, ma na-agbaghachi azụ dị ka mgbọ. Mgbe ọ bụla ị na-eji ngere rip dị ka nkwụsị ogologo maka ụzọ mkpirisi ugboro ugboro, na-amanye ** obere osisi inyeaka n'ihu ngere ahụ n'ihu ihu ihu nke agụba ** ka osisi ahụ na-ekpochapụ ngere tupu emetụ ezé.

Kedu ihe enyemaka mbụ kwesịrị ịkwanye na mgbidi ụlọ ahịa osisi ọ bụla?¶

Ụlọ ahịa ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ osisi kwesịrị inwe mgbidi n'elu ** Kwụsị Bleed na Mputation Trauma Kit ** nwere ike iru n'ime 5 sekọnd nke tebụl hụrụ: ** abụọ CoTCCC windlass tourniquets **, ** thick 4x4 na abdominal gauze pads ***, ** elastic pressure wraps ***, ** sterile normal saline pods na plastic bags, (maka nchekwa ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ), ** mkpịsị mkpịsị aka padded ***, ** mkparị trauma *** na ** ọta anya siri ike **. Inweta enyemaka izizi agbaziri agbaziri, CPR, na Kwụsị usoro ọbara site na Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ma ọ bụ onye na-eweta mpaghara na-akwado gị ime mkpebi siri ike na mberede ogbako.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Angle grinder disc na-agbajisị, tebụl hụrụ mgbaka azụ, na njikọ lathe
• Ọbara siri ike na ngwa njem nlegharị anya ikuku
• Mkpọgide na agbakwunyere nkwụsi ike ihe mba ọzọ
• Ngwunye ihe nrụnye nrụgide yana mmerụ ahụ mgbagha azụ
• Nkwụghachi azụ nke Chainsaw, ndị na-emeghachi omume, na ndị na-egbutu osisi nke nwanyị di ya nwụrụ

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• ** Nchekwa Ọrụ na nlekọta ahụike (OSHA, United States): *** 29 CFR 1910.213 (Ihe chọrọ igwe na-arụ ọrụ osisi: Ripsaws aka nri okirikiri, ndị na-eche ihu, ndị na-agbasa / mma mgbaba, na mkpịsị aka na-abụghị kickback) na ụkpụrụ nchekwa igwe eTool*.
• ** U.S. Kọmịshọna nchekwa ngwaahịa ngwaahịa (CPSC) na ụlọ nyocha ndị na-ede akwụkwọ (UL): *** UL 987 / IEC 62841-3-1 Modular Riving Standards and Active Injury Mitigation (AIM / Capacitive Flesh-Sensing Brake) na-achị akụkọ teknụzụ.
• ** Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom):** * Usoro Omume akwadoro L114 (Ojiji nchekwa nke igwe na-arụ osisi) na mpempe akwụkwọ ozi osisi WIS16: okirikiri hụrụ oche, Omume arụ ọrụ nchekwa (Ndozigharị mma mma na iwu Push stick)*.
• ** American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) na British Society for Surgery of Hand (BSSH):** * Ntuziaka nlekọta ahụike maka Hemostasis Prehospital Hemostasis, Skin-Bridge Splinting, and Indirect Ice-Water Slurry Preservation (\(+4\text{°C}\)) nke Amputated Digits for Microsurgical Replantation*.
• ** Kọmiti American College of Surgeons (ACS) Kọmiti na Trauma:** * Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) na Kwụsị Bleed Protocols for High-Velocity Blunt Abdominal Trauma and Extremity Arterial Hemorrhage*.