Ọkwa egwu egwu dị n'èzí dara, Ikuku Ụlọ ntu Ememme Nkwalite, na Ọdịda Nrụgide¶

Oge egwu egwu dị n'èzí nwa oge, elu ụlọ ọkụ aluminom-truss, nnukwu mgbidi vidiyo LED kwụsịtụrụ, na nnukwu ụlọikwuu marquee vinyl na-adị ka nnukwu ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide, mana n'usoro ha bụ ụgbọ mmiri buru ibu na ndị na-adọkpụ ikuku na-adọkpụ ** na-agbada naanị site na obere ihe mgbochi bọọlụ nwa oge, gbọmgbọm mmiri, ma ọ bụ osisi ala. Mgbe oke égbè eluigwe na-asọpụta (** gust front ma ọ bụ microburst ***) na-agafe n'okporo ámá dị n'èzí, ebe agbamakwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ememme egwu, ikuku na-agba ọsọ nwere ike isi na jụụ ** 15 kilomita kwa elekere (9 kilomita kwa elekere) ruo ihe karịrị 90 kilomita kwa elekere (56 kilomita kwa elekere) n'ihe na-erughị 60 sekọnd **. N'ihi na nrụgide ikuku na-agba ọsọ na ** square nke ikuku ọsọ ** (square nke ikuku ọsọ), na-eme ka ikuku na-agba ọsọ site na ** 35 km / h (22 mph) ruo 70 km / h (43 mph) na-eme ka ike ikuku na-agba ọsọ ** na-akụda elu ụlọ na ọkọlọtọ vidiyo.

Ozugbo ikuku na-erute kilomita 50 ruo 64 dị oke egwu (kilomita 31 ruo 40 kwa elekere) ọnụ ụzọ**, ebe a na-ewepụtaghị nwa oge ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu marquee na-enweta ọdịda ikuku ngwa ngwa. N'ebe a na-egwu egwu, ifufe na-adọkpụ na-adọkpụ megide azụ azụ azụ, scrims n'akụkụ, na kwụgidere ** 1,500-kilogram (3,300-paụnd) ogidi ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ahịrị ** na-esetịpụ ihe mgbochi ballast n'ofe ahịhịa ahụ, na-ejide eriri eriri waya, ma na-ekpuchi ụlọ elu na-akwado aluminum kwụ ọtọ - na-adaba ụda ọkụ na igwe ọkụ ọkụ na-agbanye ọkụ na ígwè. oche oche na nnukwu ** n'ihu ụlọ ("olulu") ìgwè mmadụ **. N'otu oge ahụ, ikuku na-efe n'ime ememme ghe oghe ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu agbamakwụkwọ na-ebuli elu elu ụlọ vinyl dị ka parachute, na-adọpụta osisi ** 1-mita (ụkwụ 3) nchara na apịtị mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ọ dị nro ** ma na-atụba mkpanaka etiti igwe n'etiti igwe mmadụ ahụ. Ịmara ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị tupu ọdịda a na-ahụ anya (akpụkpọ anụ ụlọ na-agba agba, wires ndị na-adịghị mma na-atụgharị, na ndị na-ekwu okwu n'ahịrị), gịnị kpatara na ị ga-eme ka ** wepụ perpendicular ma ọ bụ elu elu - ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ga-adaba n'ike n'ike, na otu esi zere ịzọpụta ọkụ eletrik na ndụ mmiri ozuzo; debe mpaghara gị nọmba mberede dị njikere, ma nyochaa igwe mmadụ na-etipịa na steepụ nlanarị, stadium bleacher dara na structural drop, na bouncy nnukwu ụlọ na inflatable ifufe lofting.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. ** Hapụ ihe mgbochi dị n'ihu ("olulu") wee pụọ n'okpuru mkpuchi ụlọikwuu ọ bụla nwa oge ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na igwe ojii na-agba ọchịchịrị na-abịaru nso, ma ọ bụrụ na ikuku ikuku dị jụụ na-adaba ihu gị, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na nkwụsị okwu na-ekpo ọkụ na-amalite ịgbagharị karịa 10 ruo 15 degrees.** N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndakpọ ọdachi na-eme n'ime nkeji 2 ruo 5 ** nke mgbawa mbụ ihu n'ihu ebe ndị nhazi ka na-arụrịta ụka ma ha ga-akwụsịtụ ihe nkiri ahụ.
2. ** Na-apụ mgbe niile UPWIND ma ọ bụ PERPENDICULAR (ogo 90 n'akụkụ) gaa na ntụgharị ikuku - echekwala ma ọ bụ na-eje ije n'akụkụ ala ala nke oghere dị n'èzí, ụlọ elu ihuenyo LED, ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu marquee. Ọdịdị *** (nke a ** 15 ruo 25 mita / 50 ruo 80 ụkwụ ** pụta n'ime ndị na-ege ntị).
3. ** Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ji aka gị jide n'elu osisi ụlọikwuu na-ebuli elu, eriri nwoke, ma ọ bụ aluminom truss ụkwụ iji "nyere aka jide ụlọikwuu ahụ" n'oge ikuku ifufe. (17,600 ruo 33,000 pound) nke elu ikuku ebuli elu**; ijide eriri nwoke ga-ebunye gị mita 6 n'ikuku ma ọ bụ dobe etiti ígwè ozugbo na okpokoro isi gị mgbe osisi ọzọ ga-esi na apịtị pụta.
4. ** Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ atọ visual structural ọdịda ịdọ aka ná ntị - (1) ihe ballast blocks sliding ma ọ bụ tilting n'ala, (2) diagonal ígwè guy cables na-aga slack na snapping siri na a dara * ping *, ma ọ bụ (3) aluminum ụlọ elu ụkwụ na-ehulata n'ime ihe S-curve - Tie mkpu "Ogbo na-adaba - Bugharịa azụ na n'akụkụ ụzọ si n'ihu * na-aga n'ihu.
5. ** Ọ bụrụ na ogbo ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu daa n'akụkụ gị n'oké mmiri ozuzo, kwụsịrị WET METAL TRUSSING NA STAGE DECKING ruo mgbe isi 400-volt / 480-volt 3-phase generator "ụlọ ọrụ mgba ọkụ" ga-agbanyụ. hụ ahịrị ọkụ gbadara na ọkụ eletrik ụgbọ ala.
6. ** Ọ bụrụ na igwe mmadụ na-amalite ka puku kwuru puku mmadụ na-agbapụ n'ụlọikwuu na-ada ada ma ọ bụ na-agbaga n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá ogige dị warara, debe aka gị n'ihu ọgịrịga gị dị ka onye na-akụ ọkpọ, nọrọ n'ụkwụ gị n'ụzọ ọ bụla, na n'akụkụ akụkụ n'akụkụ mpụta nke mmiri na-asọpụta - ma ọ bụ kwatuo obere ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ogologo oge iji meghee ụzọ mgbapụ dị ukwuu; igwe mmadụ na-etipịa na steepụ nlanarị.

Osisi mkpebi: Ogbo egwu dị n'èzí ma ọ bụ ihe mberede ikuku ụlọikwuu¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Ifufe dị elu, ihu ajọ ifufe, ma ọ bụ mgbakasị ahụ n'ememe dị n'èzí"] --> Location{"Ebee ka i guzo ugbu a?"}
    Location -->|"N'olulu ndị na-ege ntị / ihu ogbo ma ọ bụ ụlọ elu igbu oge"| StageWatch{"Ifufe na-agafe 50 km / h (31 mph) ka ọ bụ ndị na-ekwu okwu/scrims na-efegharị?"}
    StageWatch -->|"EE: Gust Front Hitting ma ọ bụ Truss Swaying"| EvacStage["1. Hapụ n'olulu ozugbo TUPU ụjọ ebido igwe mmadụ; 2. Bugharịa ma ọ dịkarịa ala 1.5x elu ụlọ elu (20 ruo 30 m / 65 ruo 100 ft) pụọ na ogbo na ụlọ elu na-egbu oge; 3. Na-eje ije n'ụzọ ziri ezi (n'akụkụ) ma ọ bụ UPWIND nke ihe owuwu ahụ (Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ga-adaba); 4. Na-aga n'elu ụlọ siri ike na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala mechiri emechi"]
    StageWatch -->|"Mba: Mbido ihe ngosi ma ọ bụ ikuku dị nro"| PreCheck["1. Chọta ụzọ ọpụpụ 2 nọọrọ onwe ya ma dee ntụziaka ifufe; 2. Zenarị iguzo ozugbo n'okpuru ụlọ elu okwu na-egbu oge"]
    Location -->|"N'ime nnukwu ememme vinyl, agbamakwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ntu biya"| InTent{"Mgbidi ụlọ ntu ọ na-akụtu n'ike, okporo osisi na-ebuli elu, ma ọ bụ osisi na-adọpụta ahịhịa dị mmiri mmiri?"}
    InTent -->|"EE: Mbinye ego ma ọ bụ steeks na-adọkpụ"| EvacTent["1. Wepụ ụlọikwuu ozugbo banye na-emeghe n'ala pụọ guy ahịrị; 2. Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-ejide osisi ụlọikwuu ma ọ bụ ụdọ jide ha; 3. Lelee maka ịpịa stakes ígwè na snapping eriri ratchet; 4. Bulie elu elu pụọ na ụzọ ụlọikwuu nwere ike ibu ikuku"]
    InTent -->|"Onye nhazi mmemme / onye njikwa ọkwa na-enyocha Anemometer"| ActionTrigger["1. Na 32 ruo 40 km / h (20 ruo 25 mph): Wepu akụkụ scrims / ọkọlọtọ na obere okwu okwu dị elu; 2. Na 48 ruo 50 km / h (30 ruo 31 mph): Kwụsị Ngosipụta, ogbo doro anya na olulu, elu ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala; 3. Ọ bụrụ na microburst dị n'okpuru 10 min pụọ: chụpụ ndị mmadụ mbụ (anaghị ejide ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ogbo na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla)"]
    Location -->|"Nnapụta ga-adabasị (Truss ma ọ bụ Tent gbadata na igwe mmadụ)"| PostCollapse["1. Gbanyụọ onye na-agbaji mmanụ dizel isi TUPU imetụ eriri aluminom mmiri aka; 2. Kwado ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe site na iji cribbing ma ọ bụ forklift masts tupu ịrara n'okpuru; 3. Triage airway/ahịhịa mbụ; Kpọọ 911/112/999 maka Mberede Mass-Casualty (MCI)"]

Ọnụ ụzọ ọsọ ikuku nke ikuku na-emebi oge oge na ụlọikwuu¶

N'adịghị ka ụlọ brik na ígwè na-adịgide adịgide (nke a na-arụ ọrụ maka 145 ruo 200 km / h / 90 ruo 125 mph ifufe ifufe na ntọala miri emi), oge n'èzí na-adịru nwa oge na ụlọikwuu marquee na-adabere na ** esemokwu, ballast nwụrụ anwụ, na ala stakes ** - na a ga-ewepụrịrị mgbidi ha na-ekpuchi ifufe " tupu oké ifufe abịarute (")

Ụkpụrụ nchekwa ihe omume mba ụwa (ANSI E1.21 na North America, ** Institution of Structural Engineers / HSE Guidance** na UK, na EN 13782 gafee Europe) guzosie ike ** anemometer ifufe na-eme ọsọ ọsọ na-akpalite ** (a tụrụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke abụọ nke abụọ na elu ụlọ):

Ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị a na-ahụ anya na nke a na-anụ n'oge ise na-egosi na ogbo ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu na-achọ ịda¶

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-aga ihe nkiri n'èzí, ngosi obodo, emume ngụsị akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ agbamakwụkwọ mmemme wee hụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ịrịba ama ndị a ** ise tupu ọdịda arụ ọrụ **, hapụ mpaghara ozugbo tupu usoro ahụ ada:

1. ** Igwe mkpuchi ụlọ "Parachute / Trampoline" na ọkwa ọkwa:**
2. Emebere elu ụlọ truss nwa oge ka akpụkpọ elu ụlọ vinyl dị arọ na-anọ na-adagide ala n'elu rafters aluminom.
3. Mgbe ikuku siri ike na-efe efe * n'okpuru * egbugbere ọnụ n'ihu nke elu ụlọ ahụ, ikuku ikuku ** Bernoulli na-ebuli ** na-amịpụta elu ụlọ vinyl n'ime nnukwu dome, na-ebuli elu ụlọ elu aluminom 10 ruo 30 centimeters (4 ruo 12 sentimita asatọ) pụọ na aka uwe elu ya, yana mgbe gusta na-agbadata n'elu ụlọ * obere oge na-agbada n'elu ụlọ. * BANG*.
4. Naanị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ n'ime usoro mgbago elu-na-slam na-agbago ga-akpụ aluminom cross-pins n'ime ụlọ elu ndị dị n'akụkụ kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ jide ụdọ ọkụ eletrik, na-eme ka elu ụlọ ahụ dum pancake.
5. ** Slack ọzọ na Snapping Guy Wires (na ihe mgbochi bọọlụ na-amị amị):**
6. Lelee eriri igwe diagonal ** wires guys ** (ma ọ bụ eriri polyester dị arọ) na-agba site na nkuku elu nke ụlọ elu ọkwa ruo na ihe ** ballast blocks *** ma ọ bụ ndị na-egwu ala.
7. Ọ bụrụ na eriri ikuku na-ada na mberede na-aga ** kpamkpam na-agba ọsọ na floppy ** mgbe eriri elu na-agbatị agụba, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ unyi na ahịhịa na-agbapụ n'azụ ihe mgbochi ballast nke 1,000-kilogram dị ka ** na-agafe n'akụkụ ala ** (ma ọ bụ nke ka njọ, ma ọ bụrụ na bọmbụ mmiri-gbọmgbọm bụ nanị ọkara jupụtara na mmiri).
8. ** Okporo ụlọ ebe a na-agbapụta ihe na-adọkpụ osisi n'ime ala mmiri ozuzo dị nro:**
9. Ụrọ kpọrọ nkụ ma ọ bụ loam nwere ike ijide osisi ụlọikwuu ígwè 1-mita (40-inch) megide ** 900 ruo 1,500 kilogram (2,000 ruo 3,300 pound)** nke ịdọrọ.
10. Agbanyeghị, mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo na-atụfu milimita 25 (1 inch) mmiri n'elu nnukwu ụlọ ntu ozugbo na ahịhịa ebe a na-ebugharị osisi ahụ, ala ahụ juru eju na-atụgharị ghọọ apịtị mmiri na ** na-atụfu pasent 60 ruo 80 nke esemokwu njide ya na nkeji iri na ise **.
11. Leba anya na isi nke stakes nchara n'èzí n'ụlọikwuu: ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ oghere okirikiri na apịtị gburugburu osisi osisi ma ọ bụ hụ na osisi na-agbago elu 2 centimeters na ọ bụla gust - ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụ na vertical aluminom ụkwụ ma ọ bụ etiti okporo osisi n'ime tent na-ebuli ha footplates na slam azụ ala na ahịhịa - ** wepụ onye ọ bụla n'ụlọ ntu 10 sekọnd * * na-esote 10 sekọnd.
12. ** Mgbanwe Pendulum nke ndị na-ekwu okwu Line-Array na ụlọ igbu oge:**
13. Ogidi ndị kwụ ọtọ kwụ ọtọ nke ndị na-ekwu okwu egwu (** ahịrị ahịrị ***) kwụgidere n'akụkụ ọ bụla nke ogbo yana site na ogologo ** ụlọ elu ndị na-ege ntị na-egbu oge ** n'etiti igwe mmadụ na-atụ ** 800 ruo 2,500 kilogram (1,750 ruo 5,500 pound) n'otu n'otu.
14. Ọ bụrụ na ejighi eriri bridle nke ala kekọta ha wee malite na-atụgharị azụ na azụ dị ka nnukwu bọọlụ na-emebi emebi, ha na-ebunye nnukwu ụtarị kwụ ọtọ n'elu ụlọ elu ahụ nke na-ekechi ụkwụ aluminom dị warara.
15. ** Mmiri "Ponding" (Pooling) na Sagging Roof Valleys: **
16. N'oge oke mmiri ozuzo, ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ntu dị larịị ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ogbo ụlọ na-ada n'etiti rafters abụọ wee malite ịchịkọta ịda mbà n'obi nke mmiri ozuzo (** mmiri na-atụgharị **), cheta na ** 1 cubic mita (264 galọn) nke mmiri ozuzo tọrọ atọ dị kilogram 1,000 (2,200 pound) ***. Ka ịdị arọ mmiri na-agbatị vinyl miri emi, akpa ahụ dị omimi na-enweta mmiri ozuzo ka ukwuu n'ime usoro ịgba ọsọ ruo mgbe ákwà ahụ na-agbawa oghere ma ọ bụ na-ekpuchi oghere aluminom na ìgwè mmadụ ọbụna na-enweghị ifufe efu. ** Ejila mkpanaka kpapụ obere akpa mmiri na-agbago n'okpuru ozugbo *** - ọtụtụ nde lita mmiri na ihe mgbochi aluminom ga-adakwasị gị ozugbo.

Otu esi agbanarị ma lanarị ogbo na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọdịda ụlọikwuu¶

1. Ịhọrọ ụzọ mgbapụ ziri ezi na 2 sekọnd¶

                  [ WIND DIRECTION ]
                  (Blowing Top -> Down)
                       |    |    |
                       v    v    v
       <-- SAFE        +---------+        SAFE -->
       EVACUATION      |  STAGE  |      EVACUATION
      (90° Sideways)   |  ROOF   |     (90° Sideways)
                       +---------+
                        /   |   \
                       /  DANGER \
                      /  COLLAPSE \
                     /  ZONE (1.5x \
                    v  Tower Height)v
                  [FRONT AUDIENCE PIT]

• ** Mgbe ị na-eguzo n'ihu ogbo dị n'èzí:** Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe nkiri egwu na-enwe mgbidi azụ azụ siri ike na-eche ihu n'ime ikuku na-emeri (ma ọ bụ oké ifufe na-adaba n'akụkụ mgbidi). Mgbe ụlọ elu kwụ ọtọ kwụsịrị, elu ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ ton na igwe ọkụ ihu na-adaba n'ihu wee daa ** pụta n'ihu 15 ruo 25 mita (50 ruo 80 ụkwụ) nke olulu ndị na-ege ntị ***.
• **Agbalịla ịgba ọsọ azụ azụ ozugbo site n'ìgwè mmadụ 10,000 juru eju: ** Ịgba ọsọ azụ azụ na-eme ka ị banye n'okporo ụzọ ọdịda ihu nke ụlọ elu ọkụ dị ogologo n'ihu ụlọ / PA ka ị na-amachibido gị megide igwe mmadụ n'azụ gị. Kama, ** sprint 90 degrees SIDEWAYS (yiri n'ihu nke ogbo n'akụkụ ogbo aka ekpe ma ọ bụ ọkwa aka nri) *** ka ịpụ n'èzí obosara nke akara ukwu ogbo na naanị mita 10 ruo 15, ma ọ bụ bugharịa ** UPWIND ** n'azụ ahịrị mgbada.
• ** Ọ bụrụ na ị tọrọ atọ n'elu oche ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ihe mgbochi igwe nchara n'ihu mgbe ụlọ dara ma ị nweghị ike ịpụ na mita 20 n'oge: ***
• Chọọ maka ** ihe mgbakasị ahụ kwụ ọtọ ("triangles nke ndụ"): mmiri mmiri ** n'okpuru ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala siri ike nke nwere nchara nchara ** (ma ọ bụrụ na mbara ala ahụ mepere emepe), dobe kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ ihe mgbochi ụlọ nchara siri ike, nnukwu osisi okporo ụzọ (ikpe ụgbọ elu) ogwe, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi bọọlụ.
• Akpa njem nlegharị anya dị arọ ma ọ bụ kabinet na-ekwu okwu siri ike nọ ọdụ n'ala na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi siri ike nke nwere ike ịkwụsị igbe aluminom 60 centimeters (2 ụkwụ) n'ala, na-echekwa ohere iku ume maka onye ọ bụla gbadara n'akụkụ ya.

2. Kedu ihe kpatara na agaghị ezipụ ndị na-agba agba ka ha gbutu mgbidi ikuku ozugbo ihu ihu rutere¶

Mmejọ jọgburu onwe ya ugboro ugboro n'ọtụtụ egwu egwu ama ama daa na-eme mgbe oke égbè eluigwe 90-km / h dara na mberede na ndị na-agba ọsọ na-agbaba na ogbo ma ọ bụ jiri mma ịrịgo ụlọ elu truss iji bechapụ vinyl backdrop scrims: - Na ** 65+ kilomita kwa elekere (40+ mph)**, nrụgide ikuku na-atụnye msh 10-na-20-mita mesh scrim megide aluminom truss na ** ọtụtụ tọn ike **, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịkwanye grommets ma ọ bụ wetuo ọkpọkọ - ozugbo ahụ, onye na-eme egwuregwu na-egbutu oghere na vinyl taut n'okpuru oke esemokwu, ebe akwa ya na-agbawa agbawa. - ** Iwu maka ndị na-ahụ maka mmepụta ihe: *** Ọ bụrụ na agbadabeghị mgbidi ikuku na PA arrays * tupu * oke mmiri ozuzo abịarute ebe ahụ, ** hapụ ngwa ahụ wee chụpụ ndị ọrụ ozugbo. Ọ dịghị ọkà okwu n'usoro ma ọ bụ LED mgbidi kwesịrị a ndụ mmadụ.

Nnapụta mgbe ọdịda dara: Electrocution, ndakpọ nke abụọ, na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ¶

Mgbe elu ụlọ ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ ntu ememme dara n'elu ọtụtụ ma ọ bụ narị narị ndị bịara n'oge oké ifufe, ndị na-eguzo na ndị na-aza ajụjụ mbụ na-eche ọgba aghara ** MCI-Mkpagbu (MCI) *** gbagwojuru anya site na ihe egwu saịtị atọ na-egbu egbu:

Enyemaka mbụ na-ebute ụzọ n'ime nkeji iri na ise mbụ mgbe ogbo ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu dara¶

1. ** Ndị na-agba nkịtị na-agbachi nkịtị, ndị a kpọchiri akpọchie na mbụ (ọnyà mgbagha):** N'ọgba aghara, ndị na-eti mkpu na-enwekarị ụzọ ikuku mepere emepe na mgbaji ụkwụ nwere ike ịdị ndụ, ebe ndị a na-etinye aka n'okpuru nnukwu ọkụ ọkụ dị n'ihu ma ọ bụ igbe okwu enweghị ike tie mkpu n'ihi na obi ha na-agbakọ (** traumatic asphyxia). Bulite ma gbuo truss ahụ ozugbo ndị etinyere na-agbachi nkịtị; ọ bụrụ na ha anaghị eku ume ozugbo enwere onwe ha, mepee ụzọ ikuku wee malite **CPR na iku ume nnapụta ***; hụ CPR.
2. ** Jikwaa ọbara ọgbụgba akwara na-eyi ndụ egwu site na aluminom na-akwacha akwa na iko gbajiri agbaji: ** Aluminom truss tubes akwa akwa akwa na-emeghe n'ime mkpọ, akụkụ agụba dị nkọ, na ọkụ ogbo gbajiri agbaji/panel ikanam na-akpata nhụsianya miri emi. Jiri uwe ma ọ bụ gauze dị ọcha tinye ** nrụgide kwụ ọtọ** ma tinye ihe nlegharị anya ** windlass 5 ruo 7 centimita (2 ruo 3 sentimita) n'elu ọnya ahụ** maka ọbara ọgbụgba ọ bụla na-akpalite akụkụ ahụ; hụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
3. ** Chebe spain cervical n'ahụ ndị ihe na-emetụta isi:** Nrụgide n'elu na-ada n'elu isi na-agbajikarị cervical vertebrae (\(C_1\text{ka }C_7\)). Ọ gwụla ma mmiri idei mmiri na-ebili, ọkụ eletrik dị ndụ, ma ọ bụ ọkụ na-amanye gị ịdọrọ onye ihe metụtara ozugbo, jiri aka tinye isi na olu ya n'ahịrị ma bugharịa ha n'elu panel ma ọ bụ bọọdụ azụ azụ; hụ ọnyá azụ azụ na isi mmerụ ahụ.

Onye nhazi ihe omume & ndetu nchekwa ndị bịaranụ¶

Ma ị na-agbazinye ụlọ ngụsị akwụkwọ n'azụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ọkwa mmemme n'èzí:

• Chọọ ka e dee "Elu-Wind Action Plan" ya na onye raara onwe ya nye na-ekiri Anemometer na Doppler Radar nke dị n'elu ụlọ: ** N'okpuru ** ANSI E1.21 ** na ** Ntuziaka Safety Alliance (ESA) , ọ bụla n'èzí na nnukwu ụlọikwuu ga-enwerịrị onye aha ya na ** ikike na-enweghị atụ iji kwụsị ihe ngosi ahụ *** (na-enweghị ikike nke onye njikwa tiketi) gusts na-abịarute ** 48 ruo 60 km / h (30 ruo 37 mph) ma ọ bụ àmụmà na-abanye na radius ** 13-kilomita (8-mile).
• ** Nyochaa n'ọkwa niile na scrims akụkụ na-ejikọta ya na Quick-Release Rip-Cord Ties (ọ dịghị mgbe narị otu narị zip-tie plastic):** Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara azụ azụ na truss nwere zip-tie dị arọ 200, ọ na-ewe nkeji 45 n'elu ubube nwere ndị na-egbu waya iji wepụ ya mgbe oké ifufe na-efeba; Mwepụta ngwa-ngwa-pin ma ọ bụ Velcro/bungee breakaway sistemu tufuo mgbidi ikuku na ** n'okpuru 60 sekọnd ***.
• ** Ekwela ka gbọmgbọm mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi bọọlụ jupụta ma ọ bụ kechie ya: ** Ọ bụrụ na ụlọikwuu ma ọ bụ ụlọ elu truss na-adabere na rọba mmiri IBC maka ballast, chọpụta na ihe ọ bụla tote bụ ** 100 pasent juputara na mmiri (1,000 lita = 1,000 kilogram)** ma kechie ya ozugbo na nke a na-emepụtaghị nke ọma.
• ** Pre-plant wide perimeta nsu "Blow-Out Gates" maka ịchụpụ igwe mmadụ:** Gbaa mbọ hụ na ịgbanye mgbidi nchara gburugburu ogige egwu dị n'èzí nwere nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ ọpụpụ mberede nke ndị nche na-echekwa nke nwere ike tufuo oghere ngere niile n'èzí ka ndị na-ekiri 10,000 na-agbapụ na-agbapụ agaghị agbaba site na otu tiketi ntụgharị 3-mita.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ¶

N'oge ndakpọ n'èzí, ụlọ ntu marquee na-agbapụ, ma ọ bụ ihe mberede égbè eluigwe:

• United States na Canada: Kpọọ 911 ozugbo wee kwupụta ihe mberede ** Mass-Casualty (MCI) na Structural Collapse Rescue** n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá ememme ahụ ka Ọkụ Ọkụ na-achọ na Nnapụta Obodo (USAR), ọtụtụ ambulances, na ndị ọrụ ọrụ na-aza. A na-achịkwa ogbo nwa oge na nchekwa ụlọikwuu ANSI E1.21 (* Usoro nwa oge ejiri maka mmepụta nka nka nke ihe omume ntụrụndụ n'èzí ), ** International Fire Code (IFC Chapter 31 - Tents, Temporary Special Event Structures and Other Membrane Structures,* 2 NFPA) Ebe obibi telescopic, ụlọ ntu, na ihe membrane *), ** OSHA ***, yana ** Ntuziaka Nchekwa Ihe Omume (ESA)
• United Kingdom: Kpọọ 999**112. Na-achịkwa ** Health and Safety Executive (HSE) ** ( Ntuziaka Purple na Ahụike, Nchekwa na ọdịmma na egwu na ihe omume ndị ọzọ , ** Instition of Structural Engineers (IStructE) *** ntuziaka ( Usoro Demountable nwa oge: Nduzi na ịzụ ahịa, imewe na ojiji *), ** 2 DM51 Iwu, Iwu na Nhazi * , Iwu 2C01. metụtara iwu na ịkwatu ọkwa nwa oge na ụlọikwuu ememme), yana BS EN 13782.
• European Union: Kpọọ 112. A na-ahazi ụlọ ntu na ọkwa nwa oge n'okpuru ** EN 13782 ** (* Ihe owuwu nwa oge - tent - nchekwa *, nke na-akọwapụta iguzogide ikuku ruo $ 28 ederede {m/s} $ / $ 100 ederede {km/h} $ maka nnukwu ụlọ ntu ma ọ bụ oke ikuku na-ebupụ ọsọ ọsọ maka obere ihe owuwu). (Ihe omume ifufe).
• Australia na New Zealand: Kpọọ 000 na Australia ma ọ bụ 111 na New Zealand. Edere ya ** Ọrụ Nchekwa Australia** (* Ntuziaka maka nrụnye nrụbichi nwa oge na ọkwa ikuku nke Marquee*), ** Kọọdụ Iwu Iwu Ọstrelia (ABCB)** Ụkpụrụ Nrụpụta nwa oge, yana ** AS/NZS 1170.2** (Mmemme Nhazi - Omume ikuku).
• India na Asia-Pacific: Kpọọ 112 na India, 119 na Japan na South Korea, ma ọ bụ 995 na Singapore.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Olee otú ifufe na-efe efe n'èzí na nnukwu ụlọ ntu na-adị ize ndụ?¶

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahazi nnukwu usoro injinia iji guzogide 65 ruo 100 kilomita kwa elekere (40 ruo 62 kilomita kwa elekere) ** naanị mgbe ewepụchara akwa azụ na ọkọlọtọ ha **, ebe a na-apụ apụ ma ọ bụ ụlọikwuu marquee nwere mgbidi akwa ya na ihe ndị na-ekwu okwu n'usoro ka na-abanye na mpaghara ihe ize ndụ ozugbo ikuku rute 0 kilomita ruo 3 kilomita kwa awa. awa)**. Ọbụna n'oge gara aga - na ** 32 ruo 40 kilomita kwa elekere (20 ruo 25 kilomita kwa elekere) *** - ụkpụrụ nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ (ANSI E1.21) chọrọ ndị ọrụ ka ha malite ịdaba n'akụkụ akwa ákwà, na-eweda ogidi ndị na-ekwu okwu dị elu, na ichekwa ngwá ọrụ na-atụgharị. N'ihi na n'oge okpomọkụ thunderstorm gust ihu nwere ike isi na 15 km / h na 90 km / h n'ihe na-erughị 60 sekọnd, mpụ ga-emerịrị ** tupu ** oké ifufe erute ebe.

Gịnị mere o ji dị ize ndụ ịgbaba n'ime nnukwu ụlọikwuu biya ma ọ bụ ememe n'oge oké égbè eluigwe?¶

Ndị mmadụ na-eji mmụọ na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru nnukwu ụlọ ntu vinyl kacha nso mgbe mmiri ozuzo na ifufe malitere, nke bụ otu n'ime mmejọ kacha dị ize ndụ na mmemme n'èzí. Nke mbụ, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na-asọpụ n'elu ụlọ ntu na-eme ka ala ahụ dị gburugburu stakes dị gburugburu, na-atụgharị unyi ka ọ bụrụ apịtị ma na-ebelata ike njide nke osisi ígwè ahụ ruo pasent 75. Nke abụọ, mgbe oké égbè eluigwe 60 ruo 80 km / h na-efe n'okpuru akụkụ a na-emeghe nke ụlọikwuu ahụ, ihe mkpuchi ahụ na-efe efe dị ka nnukwu parachute, na-adọkasị ígwè ndị ahụ n'ala mmiri mmiri ma na-atụba nnukwu eriri aluminum na ogwe etiti ozugbo na onye ọ bụla gbakọtara n'okpuru. Nke atọ, ụlọikwuu vinyl na-enye nchebe ọkụ efu. Na-apụ mgbe niile gaa n'ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala igwe mechiri emechi tupu égbè eluigwe abịa.

Kedu ụzọ m ga-esi agba ọsọ ma ọ bụrụ na ebe nkiri egwu dị n'èzí ma ọ bụ ụlọ elu na-enwu ọkụ malitere ịkwagharị ma ọ bụ na-amanye na ifufe?¶

Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla ịgba ọsọ ma ọ bụ guzoro n'akụkụ ** downwind *** nke ebe a na-emegharị emegharị, ụlọ elu ọkà okwu, ma ọ bụ mgbidi vidiyo, n'ihi na ifufe ga-eme ka usoro ahụ na-ada ada na-aga n'ihu n'ime mpaghara mgbada maka ebe dị anya ruo ** 1.5 ugboro ngụkọta elu nke ụlọ elu ** (ọ na-abụkarị 15 ruo 25 mita / 50 ruo 80 ụkwụ n'ime olulu ndị na-ege ntị). Kama, gagharịa ** ogo 90 n'akụkụ akụkụ (ọ dabere na ntụzịaka ikuku, na-aga n'akụkụ aka ekpe ma ọ bụ ọkwa aka nri)** ka ịpụpụ obosara nke ogbo ahụ ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, ma ọ bụ bugharịa ** mgbago elu ** pụọ na ntụzịaka ihe owuwu ahụ na-adabere.

Kedu ihe kpatara na ndị na-ege ntị na-ekwesịghị iji jide n'osisi ụlọikwuu ma ọ bụ eriri iji nyere aka jide ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-ebuli elu n'oge ikuku?¶

Aerodynamic ebuli n'elu kanopi dị larịị buru ibu: ọkọlọtọ 9-na-18-mita (30-by-60-ụkwụ) ụlọ ntu oriri nke ikuku ifufe 60-km / h (37-mph) na-ebute ** 5,000 ruo 10,000 kilogram (11,000 ruo 22,000 nke ike elu na n'akụkụ* ụzọ. Ndị okenye ise ma ọ bụ iri kwụgidere n'ụkwụ ọla ma ọ bụ eriri oke enweghị ike ijide kilogram 10,000 nke ikuku ebuli; mgbe osisi ndị fọdụrụnụ wepụrụ n'efu, onye ọ bụla jigide okporo osisi ndị ahụ a na-ebuli elu elu n'ikuku wee tụba ma ọ bụ tụnye ya ozugbo n'okpuru etiti ígwè ahụ na-ada ada.

Gịnị mere ogbo n'èzí ji adakarị mgbe mmiri ozuzo amalitebeghị?¶

Igwe égbè eluigwe tozuru etozu na-akwapụ nnukwu oyi na-atụ, ikuku na-asọpụta n'ihu isi mmiri ozuzo - nke a na-akpọ meteorological nke ** oke ọpụpụ ma ọ bụ ihu ihu**. Mgbidi ahụ a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke 70-to-110-km/h (45-to-70-mph) ifufe na-abịarutekarị n'ebe a na-egwu egwu **5 ruo nkeji 15 TUPU mmiri ozuzo mbụ dara *** na mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo na ngwa ihu igwe ama ama ka na-ele anya ọtụtụ kilomita. Ka ọ na-erule oge ndị na-ekiri ihe na-eche na ifufe oyi na-atụ na mberede ma hụ uzuzu ka ọ na-efefe n'ọhịa, ihu ihu na-abata n'elu ụlọ ahụ.

Gịnị bụ nnukwu ihe ize ndụ zoro ezo nye ndị nnapụta na-agba ọsọ n'ebe egwu egwu dara ada n'oge oké ifufe?¶

Igwe ọkụ eletrik dị elu. A na-akwado nnukwu usoro egwu dị n'èzí site na ndị na-ebu mmanụ ụgbọ ala ** 3 nke na-emepụta 208 ruo 480 volts na narị amperes ** iji mee nnukwu ọkụ ọkụ, mgbidi vidiyo LED, na ihe nkwalite ụda. Mgbe aluminom truss n'elu ụlọ dara n'elu ebe mmiri na-agba mmiri ma ọ bụ ubi ahịhịa nke mmiri ozuzo na-ekpuchi, eriri ndị na-eri nri na-ekpo ọkụ na nke a kewara ekewa nwere ike ime ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-emegharị emegharị nke aluminom na-eduzi na ebe mmiri na-eguzo. Ndị nnapụta ga-emechirịrị onye na-agbaji ihe ọkụ ọkụ ("ụlọ ọrụ mgba ọkụ") n'azụ ogbo ahụ tupu ha ejide ụgbọ ala mmiri mmiri.

• Ntuziaka a na-enye nchụpụ ihe mberede, nlekota ihu igwe, na ntụzịaka-nzọpụta maka ọkwa dị n'èzí nwa oge na ụlọ ntu ememme na anaghị edochi injinia nhazi ọkachamara ma ọ bụ njikwa nchekwa ihe omume ANSI/HSE. Tụlee iji aka na enyemaka mbụ, njikwa ọbara ọgbụgba, na usoro CPR sitere na Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ahụike mberede mpaghara.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Ìgwè mmadụ na-echipịa ma kpachie nlanarị
• Ọgbọ egwuregwu bleacher dara, ụgbọ okporo ígwè mbara ihu adịghị ada, na mkpọda n'usoro
• Ụlọ elu Bouncy, ikuku na-ebuli elu, yana ihe nfụkasị nke ikuku
• Ogbo pyrotechnics, ọkụ ime ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na mgbanye ụfụfụ ụda

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• Ndị Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ na Njikọ Nkà na Ụzụ (ESTA) na American National Standards Institute (ANSI, United States): ANSI E1.21 Ụdị nwa oge ejiri mee ihe maka mmepụta nka nka nke ihe omume ntụrụndụ n'èzí (atụmatụ njikwa ikuku na ebe ime ihe)
• Mmekọrịta Nchekwa Omume (ESA, United States): Ntuziaka Nchekwa mmemme na atụmatụ omume siri ike / ikuku dị elu maka ebe a na-eme n'èzí.
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE) na Ụlọ Ọrụ nke Ndị Injinia Structural (IStructE, United Kingdom): Ụkpụrụ Demountable Nwa oge: Nduzi na Ịzụta, Nhazi na ojiji na Ntuziaka Purple na Ahụike, Nchekwa na ọdịmma na egwu na ihe omume ndị ọzọ.
• Kọmiti European maka Standardization (CEN): EN 13782 Ọdịdị nwa oge - Ụlọ ntu - Nchekwa (Ikuku Elu, Ballast, na Anchorage chọrọ)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) na International Code Council (ICC, United States): NFPA 102 Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures and International Fire Code (IFC Chapter 31)