Ulo elu mmiri juru na mmiri na mgbidi akọrọ ma ọ bụ plasta dara¶

Uko ụlọ nke na-adagharị, ọnya, ma ọ bụ na-asọpụta abụghị nanị ntụpọ mmiri ịchọ mma; ọ bụ nnukwu ike ndọda kwụsịrị ozugbo n'elu ebe obibi gị nke nwere ike ịdọpụ ya na joists osisi na-enweghị ịdọ aka ná ntị. Ma ọ bụ n'elu ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'elu gbasasịrị, ọkpọkọ gbawara n'uko ụlọ, pan condensate ikuku na-ada ada, ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu ụlọ, mmiri na-agbakọ n'elu ụlọ na-eme ka bọọdụ gypsum dị fechaa ma ọ bụ plasta wayo ghọọ ibu na-egbu egbu. Otu liter nke mmiri tọrọ atọ tụrụ 1 kilogram (1 US galọn dị kilogram 8.34), na otu oghere ụlọ dị 3-by-3-mita (10-na-10-ụkwụ) jupụtara na mmiri 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) nke mmiri na mkpuchi mkpirisi na-ejide ihe karịrị kilogram 225 (paụnd 500 na-eji naanị brittle akọrọ). igodo.

Ihe na-eme ka elu ụlọ nke mmiri gbakọrọ agbarụ agbarụ pụrụ iche bụ njikọ nke arụrụ arụ ọrụ na mberede, eriri eletrik zoro ezo, na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu zoro ezo n'ime ụlọ ochie. Ndị nwe ụlọ na-ehie ụzọ nke iguzo ozugbo n'okpuru ọnya agba na-agbapụta agbawa ka ha jiri aka azịza tụọ ya, naanị ka ha nweta mmiri lita 50 (galọn 13) na kilogram 30 (paụnd 66) nke bọọdụ gypsum mmiri na-ada n'isi ha ka ha na-eme ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ si n'igbe ọkụ nke idei mmiri rikpuru. Ime ihe omume ịdọ aka ná ntị na nkeji atọ mbụ, na-ekpochapụ onye ọ bụla n'okpuru mpaghara nkwụsịtụ, na-egbu ike na sekit dị n'elu na isi ihe na-agbaji, na-emechi isi iyi mmiri, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ diagonal na-agbapụ naanị mgbe osisi ahụ n'onwe ya nọgidere na-ada ụda, na-egbochi mmerụ isi na ọkụ eletrik.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. ** Wepụ mmadụ niile na anụ ụlọ ozugbo. Ehila ụra, nọdụ ala, ma ọ bụ jee ije n'okpuru uko ụlọ na-egosi afọ na-adada ala, n'úkwù na-agbawa, ma ọ bụ isi ntu na-agbapụta, dịka bọọdụ gypsum juru eju na plasta oge ochie na-ada ozugbo na-enweghị ịdọ aka ná ntị.
2. ** Gbanyụọ ọkụ eletrik n'uko ụlọ yana sekit ndị dị n'akụkụ n'akụkụ isi ihe na-agbaji.** Atụgharịla ọkụ ọkụ mgbidi dị mmiri n'ime ụlọ. Gaa na ogwe ọrụ ọkụ eletrik gị bụ isi wee gbanwee ** Gbanyụọ *** ihe ndị na-emebi ọkụ na-achịkwa ọkụ dị n'elu, ndị na-efe efe n'uko ụlọ, na oghere dị n'ime ụlọ emetụtara na ala dị n'elu ya. Ọ bụrụ na amaghi akara nbibi, tụgharịa ihe nkwụsịtụ nkwụpụ ọrụ ** isi ** ka gbanyụọ.
3. Kwụsị isi iyi mmiri na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-abịa site na plọmb ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa HVAC. Lelee ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'elu, igwe na-asa ákwà, radiators, na igwe mkpuchi mmiri ma ọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ikuku. Mechie valvụ mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ** isi mmiri na-emechi valvụ ** na-eso anyị gbawara ọkpọka ndu mberede. Maka ntapu mmiri ozuzo na-arụ ọrụ, nyochaa anyị ndu mkpofu ụlọ mgbe echekwabara ụlọ dị n'okpuru.
4. ** Chọpụta ihe dị iche n'etiti ọnya agba latex na-agbanwe agbanwe na bọọdụ arụrụ arụ siri ike na-esi n'ọnụ ụzọ pụta. Enwere ike ịwụpụ obere akpa mmiri dị nro dị ka balloon n'azụ agba acrylic latex na-agbanwe n'enweghị nsogbu site na akụkụ n'ime ịwụ, ebe nnukwu ụta dị ala gafere n'elu mpempe akwụkwọ akọrọ siri ike, teepu mpempe akwụkwọ gbawara agbawa, ma ọ bụ plasta-na-lath gbawara agbawa pụtara na bọọdụ ahụ dị arọ ewepụla onwe ya na joists ma na-achọ ịda.
5. ** Mepụta mpaghara mgbata mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ site n'ọnụ ụzọ.** Ọ bụrụ na uko ụlọ na-agbapụta naanị ma ọ bụ na-ejide obere ọnya agba, slide waterproof ma ọ bụ mpempe plastik gafee ala n'okpuru mmiri ahụ site na iji aka broom site n'akụkụ, tinyekwa bọket nwere lita 19 (gallon 5) n'okpuru mmiri ahụ. Dochie akwa nhicha ochie n'elu ọnụ nke ịwụ ahụ ka mmiri na-ada ada na-agbada n'ákwà ahụ nwayọ kama ịfesa mita 2 (ụkwụ 6.5) n'akụkụ.
6. ** Lelee afọ nke ụlọ na isi mmiri tupu ịgbanye uko ụlọ ọ bụla.** Ụlọ ndị e wuru ma ọ bụ ederede tupu 1990 (ọkachasị "popcorn" ma ọ bụ stipple acoustic ukoustic) nwere ike ịnwe ** asbestos fibers ** ma ọ bụ ** agba agba ** chọrọ njide mmiri na nchebe iku ume P100. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ahụ na-esi ísì ọjọọ ma ọ bụ si n'ụlọ mposi dị n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ mgbapu ndabere, na-emeso ya dị ka ** Category 2 graywater ma ọ bụ Category 3 blackwater sewage ** ma yikwasị anya nchebe, nitrile gloves, na respirator.

Ntụle ihe egwu n'uko ụlọ na mkpebi ihe mberede¶

Jiri eserese injinia na nchekwa nchekwa si n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahụ emetụtara iji chọpụta ma ọ dị mma ịnya akwa na igbapu akpa mmiri n'uko ma ọ bụ na ị ga-ebupụ ụlọ ahụ wee chere ndị ọkachamara n'ihe owuwu ma ọ bụ mweghachi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Mkpọsa mmiri, ọnya, ma ọ bụ ịkpọ isiala n'elu ụlọ"] --> ClearRoom["1. Wepụ ndị mmadụ na anụ ụlọ n'okpuru ụlọ ozugbo"]
    ClearRoom --> KillPower["2. Gbanyụọ ọkụ n'elu na ihe ndị na-agbaji ọnụ ụlọ na isi ogwe ọkụ eletrik"]
    KillPower --> StopWater["3. Gbanyụọ Main Water Valve (Plumbing Leak) ma ọ bụ chọta ebe mkpuchi ụlọ/HVAC"]
    StopWater --> InspectType{"4. Na-enwu ọkụ si n'ọnụ ụzọ:<br/>Kedu ụdị nrụrụ ị na-ahụ?"}

    InspectType -->|"A. Dị nro, nke dị n'akụkụ latex paint afụ"| CheckHazards{"5. Mmiri ọ dị ọcha (Aka 1)<br/>na n'uko post-1990 abụghị popcorn?"}
    InspectType -->|"B. Ụta gbadara obosara> 1.5 cm (5/8 in), <br/>gbawara ogologo seams, ma ọ bụ plasta lath mpụta"| ImminentCollapse["Ọdịda n'ụkpụrụ IMminent:<br/>Agakwala n'okpuru uko ụlọ ma ọ bụ kpatụ aka n'okpuru"]
    InspectType -->|"C. Mmiri na-agbapụta site n'ihe ọkụ ọkụ, <br/> fan ụlọ, ma ọ bụ mkpu anwụrụ ọkụ"| ElectricalFlood["Ihe Nrụgide Ike: <br/> Nyochaa Gbanyụọ Onye Na-emebi Ihe; ka igbapu n'ime ịwụ;<br/> ejikọrọla ike ruo mgbe ndị ọrụ eletrik na-enyocha"]

    CheckHazards -->|"Ee: Mmiri dị ọcha na mgbidi akọrọ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ"| SafeLance["Ọkpụkpụ Diagonal a na-achịkwa: <br/>Guzo n'akụkụ n'ala kwụsiri ike;<br/>Mkpọpu n'ọnụ ọnya nke nwere awl nke etinyere n'osisi<br/> n'ime bọket nwere akwa akwa 19L (5-gal)."]
    CheckHazards -->|"Mba: Ndabere mmiri mmiri/ụlọ mposi OR<br/>uju 1990 popcorn/plaster texture"| HazmatDrain["Biohazard / Asbestos Protocol: <br/>Yi P100 respirator, goggles, and gloves;<br/>nwere splash na plastic tenting;<br/>akpa mkpọ mmiri n'ime rọba 6-mil akara."]

    ImminentCollapse --> ShoreOrDrop["Mechie ọnụ ụlọ: <br/> Jiri mkpanaka bufee ihe bara uru naanị site na mkpọmkpọ ebe nchekwa;"]
    SafeLance --> DryOut["6. Wepụ ihe mkpuchi mmiri ma mee ihe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime awa 24 ruo 48 iji gbochie ebu."]
    HazmatDrain --> DryOut
    ElectricalFlood --> DryOut

Mechanics Structural: ihe kpatara uko ụlọ mmiri ji daa na ole ha tụrụ¶

Iji kpebie otú ụlọ dị nso ka ọ ga-ada, ị ghaghị ịghọta otú e si arụ ụlọ obibi na otú mmiri si ebibie ike ha na-ekekọta ike n'ime nkeji ruo awa.

1. Gypsum drywall uko ụlọ (Ụlọ ndị e wuru malite na 1950 ruo ugbu a)¶

Ulo elu nke oge a nwere 12.7-millimita (½-inch) ma ọ bụ 15.9-millimita (⅝-inch) panel nke ** gypsum wallboard (ahịhịa ma ọ bụ plasterboard) ** screwed ma ọ bụ kpọgidere kwụ n'ahịrị n'ofe ụlọ elu osisi ma ọ bụ akwa akwa nke nwere oghere 40 ma ọ bụ 60 centimeters (16 ma ọ bụ etiti 24).

• ** Ibu akọrọ vs. juputara arọ ***: Mpempe akwụkwọ akọrọ 1.2-na-2.4-mita (4-by-8-ụkwụ) nke 12.7-millimita (½-inch) drywall na-atụ ya n'ihe dị ka 22 ruo 25 kilogram (48 ruo 55 pound). Isi nke dị n'ime bụ kristal calcium sulfate ekpokọtara ekpokọtara na ihu akwụkwọ dị arọ. Mgbe ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu, capillary action na-eme ka mmiri banye n'ime gypsum ma mee ka akwụkwọ ahụ dị nro.
• ** ihe na-adọta ngwa ngwa site na ọdịda *: Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 80 nke ike mpempe akwụkwọ akọrọ na-abịa site na ihu akwụkwọ nka emebibeghị n'ihu na azụ nke ejiri skru ma ọ bụ ntu akọrọ na-ejide n'okirikiri ụkwụ. Ozugbo mmiri gbazere gluu starch ma tụgharịa gypsum core gburugburu obere 8-millimita (5/16-inch) isi isi n'ime mado dị nro, mpempe mmiri ahụ dị nnọọ ** na-adọta n'elu isi ihe nkedo ahụ ** ebe kposara na-anọgide na joists.
• ** Ihe mkpuchi mmiri mmiri na-ebuwanye ibu ***: Ọtụtụ oghere n'uko nwere ** batt fiberglass ma ọ bụ mkpuchi cellulose akwụkwọ akụkọ emegharịrị emegharịrị ***. Cellulose wet na-eme dị ka sponge siri ike nke na-amịkọrọ ** 3 ruo 5 ugboro nkụ ya n'ime mmiri **, na-agbakwunye ** 15 ruo 35 kilos kwa square mita (3 ruo 7 pound kwa square ụkwụ) ** nke arọ nwụrụ anwụ na-agbada na mgbidi akọrọ.
• ** Mmetụta balloon agba latex ***: A na-ese elu ụlọ nke oge a na ọtụtụ uwe nke ** 100-percent acrylic latex paint **, nke na-agwọta ihe nkiri elastomeric gbatịrị agbatị. Mgbe mmiri na-esi na nkwonkwo pinhole dị na drywall n'elu, ọ na-adịkarị n'etiti akwụkwọ akọrọ na akpụkpọ anụ latex, na-agbanye eriri afo nke nwere ike gbatịa 15 ruo 45 centimeters (6 ruo 18 inches) ala ma jide 10 ruo 40 lita (2.5 ruo 10 galọn) mmiri tupu agbawa.

2. Lath osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme na lime/gypsum plaster plaster (Ụlọ ndị e wuru tupu 1950)¶

Ụlọ ndị ochie na ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere uko ụlọ nke ** akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa atọ ** (uwe mkpuchi, uwe na-acha aja aja, na uwe imecha, ngụkọta 19 ruo 25 millimeters ma ọ bụ ¾ ruo 1 inch gbara ọkpụrụkpụ) troweled n'ofe osisi dị warara (** wood lath ***) kpọgidere n'ofe ndị na-agba ya na 6-4-milli / 3-milli oghere:

• ** Otu "igodo plasta" si jide elu ụlọ elu ***: Mgbe plasta na-ebuli ngwa agha mmiri na-agbago elu site na oghere dị n'etiti ibe lath osisi, ngwa ngwa ahụ gafere n'elu ibe ya wee gbasie ike na arịlịka yiri nko a na-akpọ ** igodo plasta *** (ma ọ bụ nibs). Nko ngwa ngwa ndị ahụ a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye ** naanị *** na-ejide akwa akwa akwa dị arọ megide ike ndọda.
• Ihe mere plasta ji daa na-egbu egbu karịa mgbidi akọrọ ***: N'adịghị ka drywall na 8 ruo 11 kilogram kwa square mita (1.6 ruo 2.2 pound kwa square ụkwụ) nkụ, ** akwa akwa akwa atọ na-eru 35 ruo 50 kilogram kwa square mita (7 ruo 10 pounds kwa square ụkwụ) ọbụna tupu ịmịnye mmiri n'elu isi mmiri ***, equi.
• ** Usoro nke ọdịda lath-na-plaster **: Mgbe mwepu na-asọba n'uko ụlọ-osisi, mpempe osisi lath kpọrọ nkụ na-amịpụta mmiri wee ** zaa nke ukwuu ***, na-ewepụ olu mgbawa nke igodo plasta agbakwunyere n'azụ lath. N'aka nke ọzọ, mbọ lath ígwè e gbuturu nchara na-ekwe ka ute lath osisi ahụ pụọ na joists. N'ihi na a na-eji ntutu anụmanụ ma ọ bụ eriri sisal kwalite plasta akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ na-adịkarịghị adaba n'ime obere iberibe; Kama nke ahụ, mbadamba **2-na-3-mita (6-na-ụkwụ 10) na-aga n'ihu na-atụ kilogram 180 ruo 300 (400 ruo 650 pound) na-akpachapụ anya wee daa n'ala n'ime ntakịrị ntakịrị nkeji.

Matriks atụnyere: ọnya agba na-adịghị emerụ ahụ na-adaba n'uko ụlọ nrụzi dị nso¶

Tupu ị banye n'ime ụlọ iji tinye ịwụ ma ọ bụ igbapu akpa mmiri, guzoro n'ọnụ ụzọ dị nchebe wee tụnyere akara ngosi na ụda olu dị n'elu n'elu tebụl nyocha a.

Usoro nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ: otu esi ele anya na igbapu akpa mmiri n'uko n'enweghị nsogbu¶

Mgbe ọdọ mmiri dị n'ime akwa akwa akwa akwa ma ọ bụ n'elu akụkụ a na-ahụ anya nke drywall nke na-agbanyebeghị skru ya, na-ahapụ mmiri ahụ n'elu ụlọ ahụ na-enye ohere ka mmiri gbasaa n'èzí n'ime awa 2 ruo 6 na-esote wee wetuo akwụkwọ ahụ dum. Ịmepụta obere oghere mgbapu ihe enyemaka n'ebe kacha ala nke akpa ahụ na-eme ka ike ndọda tufuo mmiri ahụ n'ime bọket n'enweghị nsogbu.

Kwụpụ 1: Nyochaa nrụpụta ọkụ eletrik na udi mmiri¶

1. Gbanwee n'igbe mgbawa isi na agbanyụrụ ndị na-agbaji ọkụ n'uko ụlọ, oghere na ala dị n'elu ** Gbanyụọ ***.
2. Yiri ** enyo nchekwa **, ** akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọrụ **, ** nitrile gloves **, ** okpu siri ike ma ọ bụ okpu agha igwe kwụ otu ebe, na ihe respirator ** N95 ma ọ bụ P100 ** (mmanyere iwu ma ọ bụrụ na e wuru ụlọ ahụ tupu 1990 ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na mmiri si na ụlọ ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ kichin esi).

Kwụpụ 2: Hazie sistemu njikwa nhịahụ ọtụtụ bọket¶

Ọnya n'uko ụlọ na-ejidekarị ihe karịrị otu ịwụ mmiri dị lita 19 (5-galọn), ma ozugbo ị dụpuo ọnya ahụ, ị nweghị ike ịgbanye oghere ahụ ka ọ na-ebupụ bọket.

1. Gbasaa taabụ plastik na-adịghị mmiri ma ọ bụ 6-mil polyethylene sheeting n'elu ala n'okpuru ọnya ahụ, na-agbatị mita 2 (ụkwụ 6.5) n'akụkụ niile.
2. Ebe ** abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ efu 19-lita (5-galọn) bọket *** ma ọ bụ plastic tote n'akụkụ ibe ya na nsọtụ nke tap.
3. Wepụta bọket mbụ nke azụta ozugbo n'okpuru ** ebe nkwudo dị ala ** nke ọnya ahụ site n'akụkụ iji aka aziza.
4. Dochie akwa akwa akwa ochie n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ịwụ ahụ ka ọ gbadaa n'ime ala, ma ọ bụ tinye 5 centimeters (2 sentimita) nke akwa nhicha ahụ gbajiri agbaji na ala. Mgbe mmiri n'uko tụbara mita 2.4 (ụkwụ 8) n'ime ịwụ efu, ọ na-efesa mmiri ruru unyi n'ime ụlọ ahụ; Ịdakwasị n'elu akwa nhicha mmiri na-amịkọrọ ike ma na-eme ka mmiri na-asọ asọ ghara ịfesa.

Kwụpụ 3: Kpee mpe mpe mpe mpe akwa 45 (Obere oghere mbụ)¶

Ejikwala mma kụbie ọnya elu ụlọ: igbubi agbatị, agba latex nke jupụtara na mmiri na-eme ka obere akpa ahụ dọkasịa oghere dị ka balloon mmiri na-agbawa agbawa, na-atụfu mmiri lita 30 (galọn asatọ) n'otu sekọnd.

1. Tee ntu **3-millimita (⅛-inch) ntu, awl awl, ma ọ bụ Phillips screwdriver dị warara ** ruo na njedebe nke 1.5 ruo 2.4-mita (5 ruo 8-ụkwụ) osisi broom handle ma ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na-eji teepu duct.
2. Guzosie ike n'ala kpọrọ nkụ ** 1.5 ruo 2 mita (5 ruo 6.5 feet) n'akụkụ ọnya ahụ, yana ụzọ enweghị mgbochi ga-aga n'ọnụ ụzọ n'azụ gị.
3. Jiri okporo osisi gị were diagonally gbagoo elu wee tuo otu ** otu obere pinhole** ziri ezi n'ọnụ ọnụ ala nke ọnya agba latex:
4. Oghere 3-millimita (⅛-inch) na-emepụta iyi mmiri nke nwere pensụl kwụ ọtọ gbadara n'etiti ịwụ gị na-adọkasịghị agba ma ọ bụ drywall gbara ya gburugburu.
5. Dị ka ịwụ nke mbụ na-ejupụta na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ (lita 12 / 3 galọn), jiri aka broom gị wepụ bọket zuru ezu ka ị na-awụpụ bọket efu nke abụọ gị n'okpuru iyi.
6. ** Ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-agbakọta n'elu mgbidi dị larịị (enweghị ọnya agba) ***: Chọta ebe ** kacha ala nke unyi mmiri *** (na-ezere ahịrị ọ bụla na-agba ọsọ ozugbo n'etiti ihe ọkụ ọkụ abụọ ebe eriri eletrik na-adọba). N'iji awl gị na-agbanye n'osisi site na ogo 45, pịa site na mmiri mmiri akọrọ mmiri na ebe mmiri kachasị dị ala iji mepụta oghere akwa 6-millimeter (¼-inch) ka mmiri wee banye n'ime bọket gị kama ịgbasa n'ihu.

Ijikwa ngwa eletriki sitere n'elu idei mmiri: mkpọ ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, fan uko ụlọ, na mkpu anwụrụ ọkụ¶

Mmiri na-ewere ụzọ nke kacha nta na-eguzogide site n'ala ma ọ bụ n'uko joists fọrọ nke nta mgbe ọ bụla na-ahụ oghere ndị a gbuturu n'uko maka eletriki igbe.

1. Mmiri na-agbapụta site na ọkụ "nwere ike" recessed, chandeliers, ma ọ bụ LED fixtures¶

• ** Ihe kpatara mmiri ji lekwasị anya n'ihe ọkụ ọkụ ***: Ndị ọkụ eletrik na-akụ oghere 10- ruo 15-centimeter (4 ruo 6-6-inch) oghere site n'uko ụlọ akọrọ iji bulie igbe njikọ na mkpọ ndị eweghachitere. Mmiri na-agafe n'elu mgbidi akọrọ na-awụba n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ ígwè na-asọpụta site na oghere ma ọ bụ mezie mgbanaka.
• ** Ihe omume ozugbo ***:
• Gosi na mgbanyụ sekit ọkụ bụ ** Gbanyụọ ** na isi eletriki eletrik wee tinye teepu n'elu ihe nbibi ka onye ọ bụla ghara ịtụgharị ya azụ.
• ** Akwụsịla bọlbụ mmiri ka ọ na-eguzo n'ala mmiri mmiri **, ọbụlagodi na mgbanyụ mgbidi ahụ (ụlọ ndị ejiri ** mgbanaka loop ** na-ebu waya na-ekpo ọkụ 120V / 230V na-aga n'ihu n'ime igbe ọkụ n'uko ọbụlagodi mgbe mgbanyụ mgbidi ahụ kwụsịrị).
• Ozugbo onye na-agbaji agbanyụrụ na nkwụsị ahụ kwụsịrị, wetuo mgbanaka mgbanaka mmiri na-ejide ma ọ bụ wepụ iko globe dome (nke na-ejupụtakarị na 2 ruo 4 lita mmiri) mgbe ị na-eyi nchebe anya ma guzoro n'akụkụ n'elu ọkwa fiberglass, na-ekpochapụ ụwa n'ime ịwụ.
• Hapụ ihe nrụnye ahụ ka ọ kpọọ nkụ maka awa 48 ruo 72, ma nwee onye ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nwere ikike nyochaa mkpụrụ waya na mkpuchi oghere maka corrosion tupu iweghachi ike.

2. Anwụrụ ọkụ n'uko ụlọ siri ike na mkpuchi carbon monoxide na-eti mkpu mgbe ọ na-agbapụta¶

• Mgbe mmiri na-adaba n'ime ihe nchọpụta anwụrụ ọkụ siri ike, mmiri na-ejikọta ọnụ ụlọ anya wee mebie waya njikọ ọnụ, na-akpalite ** ihe mkpuchi ụgha nke ụlọ ** n'ofe ihe nchọpụta ime ụlọ ọ bụla ozugbo.
• ** Otu esi emechi mkpu mmiri siri ike nke dị mkpụmkpụ n'enweghị nsogbu **:
• Gbanyụọ ** Gbanyụọ *** ihe mgbawa sekit na-enye sekit mkpu anwụrụ ọkụ na isi panel gị.
• Guzo n'akụkụ onye na-achọpụta ihe na-agbapụta na stool fiberglass kpọrọ nkụ (ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla aluminom), tụgharịa ahụ onye na-achọpụta ** counter-clockwise ** ntụgharị nkeji nkeji ka ịhapụ ya na mgbanaka mgbago ya, yana ** wepụ eriri eriri plastik 3-prong n'azụ.
• Were onye na-achọpụta mmiri gaa n'ebe akọrọ, wepụ batrị nchekwa 9-volt (ma ọ bụ tụgharịa mgbanaka batrị na-adịgide adịgide na azụ), ma dochie unit ahụ; ** Anwụrụ ọkụ nke mmiri na-ekpu na mkpuchi CO ga-adịrịrị mgbe niile, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ga-akpọnwụ ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ **, n'ihi na ihe fọdụrụnụ nke ịnweta na-emebi bọọdụ sensọ.

3. Akwa uko ụlọ Fans n'ịnyịnya na mmiri uko ụlọ ebe¶

• Otu ọkọlọtọ n'uko ụlọ na-atụ ** 7 ruo 23 kilogram (15 ruo 50 pound) ***. Ọ bụ ezie na koodu ụlọ na-achọ ka a na-akụnye ndị na-efe efe n'uko n'igbe igwe nwere ọkwa igwe gbadoro ụkwụ na mkpọ osisi, ọtụtụ ndị agadi ma ọ bụ ndị na-amu amu arụnyere na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n'igbe rọba ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị ozugbo na mgbidi akọrọ.
• Ọ bụrụ na mgbidi akọrọ nke dị n'akụkụ ihe mkpuchi uko ụlọ dị mmiri ma ọ bụ na-agbaze, na-emeso onye ofufe ahụ dị ka ihe ize ndụ na-ada ngwa ngwa ma wepụ onye ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ahụ ruo mgbe onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta kwadoro njikọ ahụ.

Ihe egwu pụrụ iche dị n'ụlọ ndị meworo agadi: uko ụlọ asbestos popcorn, agba ndu, na mmiri ojii¶

Tupu ịkwatu mgbidi akọrọ ma ọ bụ ịkwatu ikpo elu ụlọ dara ada, kwụsịtụ wee nyochaa ihe egwu ahụike abụọ a na-adịghị ahụ anya: ** eriri mineral na-egbu egbu na ihe ndị dị n'uko ụlọ, yana ** nje nje na-akpata ** n'ime isi mmiri.

1. Pre-1990 "popcorn" uko ụlọ, ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, na plasta akụkọ ihe mere eme¶

N'agbata ** 1945 na njedebe 1980s *, a na-eji uzuoku uko ụlọ na-efesa na-efesa ("popcorn" ma ọ bụ "steepple" uko ụlọ), ogige nkwonkwo drywall, na ụfọdụ plasta mkpuchi na-ejikarị ** 1 ruo 10 percent chrysotile white asbestos fibers **. Ụlọ ndị nwere mkpuchi mkpuchi tupu 1990 nwekwara ike ịnwe ** mkpuchi mkpuchi ọlaọcha-gold vermiculite (Zonolite) ** nọ ọdụ n'elu mgbidi akọrọ, nke nwere ike ịnwe amphibole tremolite asbestos.

• ** Kedu ihe kpatara ọdịda mmiri ji dị mma karịa ájá akọrọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya nke ọma ***: Ogologo oge irighiri uko ụlọ popcorn dara ada na-anọ ** nke ọma mmiri **, eriri asbestos na-anọgide na-atọ n'ime apịtị kama ịfe n'ikuku. Njehie jọgburu onwe ya na-eme mgbe onye nwe ụlọ na-ahapụ irighiri uko ụlọ dara ada ** kpoo n'elu kapeeti ma ọ bụ n'ala *** wee were aziza zachaa ya ma ọ bụ jiri oghere ụlọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa mee ya, na-eme ka ọtụtụ nde asbestos fibers na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ụlọ.
• ** Iwu nchekwa nchekwa mmiri maka ụlọ dara ada tupu 1990 *** (lee nke anyị asbestos, ndu uzuzu na radon triage ndu):
• Gbanyụọ ** Gbanyụọ *** igwe kpo oku gị ma ọ bụ ntụ oyi (HVAC) ozugbo na teepu rọba n'elu nloghachi ma weta oghere n'ime ụlọ ahụ.
• Debe irighiri ihe ndị dara ada ** na-aga n'ihu na-ekpo ọkụ *** site na iji mmiri gwakọta ya na obere ncha efere mmiri mmiri sitere na karama ịgba mmiri.
• Tinye ihe nzacha ** magenta P100 (ma ọ bụ EN P3)**, mkpuchi mkpuchi, mkpuchi akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na uwe nitrile.
• Scoop mmiri mmiri ozugbo n'ime nnukwu ** 6-mil (0.15-millimeter) akpa mkpofu polyethylene ** mgbe mmiri na-agba mmiri, jiri akwa nhicha mmiri hichaa ala siri ike (otu ngafe kwa mpịaji), na ejikwala ihe nhicha ụlọ.
• Mechie ihe nlele 2-centimeter (1-inch) nke udidi elu ụlọ n'ime akpa zip-top abụọ wee buru ya gaa na ụlọ nyocha asbestos **Polarized Light Microscope (PLM) enwetara ikike iji chọpụta ma achọrọ mbelata ikike.

2. Ụdị mmetọ mmiri (IICRC S500 ọkọlọtọ mmebi mmiri)¶

Ndị na-ahụ maka mweghachi mmiri na-ekewa mgbaze ụlọ n'ime ụdị biohazard atọ n'okpuru **ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard ***:

Ihe ị ga-eme ozugbo ụlọ dara ada¶

Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ nke uko ụlọ gị adaala n'ala tupu ị nwee ike igbapu ya, soro ndepụta nyocha a:

1. ** Lelee maka mmerụ ahụ nke mbụ ***: Ọ bụrụ na plasta ma ọ bụ nkụ dara ada, lelee maka trauma isi, mgbu olu, ọnya, ma ọ bụ uzuzu anya, wee kpọọ mpaghara gị. nọmba mberede (911 na United States na Canada, 112 n'ofe European Union, 999 na United Kingdom) ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị uche ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike.
2. ** Abanyela n'ime mkpọmkpọ ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ogwe ọkụ eletrik gbanyụrụ ***: mgbidi akọrọ na-ada ada na-adọka eriri eletrik na igbe njikọ, na-eli waya ọla kọpa dị ndụ n'okpuru mkpuchi mmiri. Tụgharịa ọnụ ụlọ ahụ na ihe mgbawa n'elu ** Gbanyụọ *** na isi eletriki tupu ịbanye n'ime.
3. ** Nyochaa ihe mkpuchi osisi ma ọ bụ okporo osisi ekpughere n'ọnụ ụzọ ***:
4. ** Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ osisi adịghị emebi emebi, kwụ ọtọ na nke siri ike ***: Ọdịda ahụ bụ naanị n'elu ụlọ elu, na etiti ụlọ ahụ kwụsiri ike.
5. ** Ọ bụrụ na mkpọ osisi, rafter, ma ọ bụ truss chord gbawara agbawa, gbawara agbawa, ojii rere ere, ma ọ bụ na-ehulata ala ***: Ị nwere ọdịda nhazi nhazi ***. Wepụ ma ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru na ime ụlọ ahụ ozugbo ma soro anyị ndu nbibi na ndakpọ na nnukwu snow, mmiri mmiri mmiri, na ndu ọdịda ụlọ.
6. ** Kpochapụ oghere dị n'akụkụ "onye di ya nwụrụ" n'enweghị nsogbu **: triangles nwere akwa akwa nke mgbidi akọrọ ma ọ bụ plasta na-anọkarị n'akụkụ ọnụ oghere ahụ. Adịla mgbe arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ndị overhags. Debe ime ụlọ ahụ maka ndị ọrụ mweghachi, ma ọ bụ guzoro n'akụkụ nchekwa wee jiri mkpanaka 2.4-mita (8-ụkwụ) kwatuo flaps na-adịghị mma mgbe ị na-eyi okpu siri ike, enyo enyo, na iku ume.
7. ** Were foto mkpuchi TUPU mpekere akpa**: sere oghere dị n'uko ụlọ, ọkpọkọ ekpughere ma ọ bụ elu ụlọ dị n'elu ya, omimi nke mkpọmkpọ ebe n'ala, na arịa ụlọ ma ọ bụ ala ọ bụla mebiri emebi.
8. ** Wetuo ihe mkpuchi mmiri niile fọdụrụ n'elu ụlọ dị n'akụkụ ebe a na-adịghị emebi emebi ***: Mmiri na-agakarị n'ihu n'ihu mgbidi akọrọ, na-etinye fiberglass ma ọ bụ batrị cellulose na-ezu ike n'uko ụlọ dị ndụ. Ịhapụ mkpuchi mmiri na-eme ka mpempe akwụkwọ ndị dị n'akụkụ daa ka awa 24 gachara wee hapụ ** akpụ ojii na-egbu egbu (Stachybotrys chartarum) na Aspergillus weghara oghere ahụ n'ime awa 48. Wepụ ihe mkpuchi mmiri niile ka ọ bụrụ nkesa nkụ.

Na-ekpochapụ ọnụ mmiri dị n'uko ụlọ iji gbochie ebu na ire okpuru ala¶

Ozugbo edozichara mmiri ahụ, a na-ewepụ bọọdụ sagging laghachi na ebe a na-akpọ nkụ, yana akpa mkpuchi mmiri, ị nwere windo elekere 24 ruo 48 ** iji kpoo oghere ndị ahụ ekpughere na subfloor tupu ebu etolite (lee anyị). ebu mgbe ndu mmebi mmiri).

1. ** Hapụ oghere n'uko ụlọ ghere oghe ruo mgbe mmiri osisi dara n'okpuru pasent 15 ***: Achọla nkụja nkụ ọhụrụ n'elu oghere mmiri. Imechi oghere dị mmiri mmiri na-ebute uto ebu zoro ezo ma na-ere ahazi nhazi.
2. ** Ebumnuche ikuku na-ebuli elu na ogo ogo 45 n'ime oghere joist mepere emepe ***: Tinye igbe ọkpọ ma ọ bụ ihe na-afụ kapeeti n'ala gbadoro ụkwụ na oghere oghere na mbara ala.
3. ** Gbaa ikuku ikuku dị elu n'ime ime ụlọ mechiri emechi **: Mechie windo mpụta wee mee ihe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-aga n'ihu iji jide iru iru mmiri n'okpuru pasent 40 ruo 50 **.
4. ** Jiri mita iru mmiri nke ụdị pin wee chọpụta na ọ kpọrọ nkụ tupu iwughachi ya ***: Pịa ntụtụ abụọ nke dijitalụ ** mita mmiri mmiri ** n'ime oghere osisi na ala dị n'elu ụlọ:
5. ** N'elu 20% mmiri ọdịnaya (MC): Osisi dị mmiri zuru oke iji kwado fungi ire ere na ebu. Nọgide na-ehicha.
6. ** 16% ruo 19% MC ***: mmiri mmiri oke; gaa n'ihu ihicha maka awa 24 ruo 48 ọzọ.
7. ** 12% ruo 15% MC ***: Ọ dị mma itinye ọgwụ borate ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje edebanyere EPA, wụnye mkpuchi nkụ, ma kwụgidere mgbidi akọrọ ọhụrụ.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Ogologo oge ole ka mgbidi akọrọ ma ọ bụ plasta nwere ike ịnwụ tupu ọ daa kpamkpam?¶

Enweghị elekere ngụkọ dị mma maka uko ụlọ na-ada ada n'ihi na ọdịda na-adabere ma mmiri ahụ akwụsịla, ọkpụrụkpụ bọọdụ, yana ibu mkpuchi ọnyà. Otu akụkụ 12.7-millimita juru eju (1/2-inch) nke na-akwado mkpuchi mmiri nwere ike ịdọpụ isi ya wee daa n'ime nkeji 15 ruo awa 6 nke mmiri mmiri, ebe akwa akwa akwa osisi nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ike ịkwatu igodo ngwa ngwa ya wee tufuo kilogram 200 (paụnd 440) nke mkpọmkpọ ebe ozugbo; na-emeso uko ụlọ ọ bụla gbadara n'ihu dị ka mpaghara ọdịda na-arụ ọrụ ma mee ka onye ọ bụla ghara n'okpuru ya.

M ga-atụnye oghere n'ime mmiri afụ n'uko ka ọ gbapụ ya?¶

Ee, ọ bụrụ na naanị ma ọ bụrụ na mpụta ahụ bụ mpaghara mpaghara, ọnya agba latex na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ obere ebe mmiri dị na post-1990 akọrọ nke oge a ebe bọọdụ ahụ n'onwe ya na-ehulatabeghị ala, na mgbe ị gbanyụrụ ọkụ eletrik nke ụlọ ahụ na isi panel gị. Guzo na mpụga mpaghara ọdịda ahụ n'ogo ogo 45 site na iji ntu ma ọ bụ awl ​​nke etinyere na aka ogologo broom iji dụpuo otu pinhole 3-millimita (1/8-inch) n'ebe kachasị ala nke afụ n'elu bọket nwere akwa akwa 19-lita (5-galọn); adịla mgbe ị ga-eguzo n'okpuru afụ ahụ, werekwala mma gbuo ya, na etinyekwala plasta na-ada ada.

Ịnshọransị ndị nwe ụlọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na-ekpuchi elu ụlọ dara ada nke mmiri na-agbapụta?¶

Amụma mkpuchi ndị nwe ụlọ na ndị na-agbazinye ego na-ekpuchikarị ndakpọ ụlọ na mmebi nke na-akpata ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri ahụ sitere na mberede na ihe mberede, dị ka ọkpọkọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, ngwa na-ejubiga ókè, ma ọ bụ oghere ụlọ mebiri emebi. Atumatu na-agọnarị nkwuputa ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-eme mgbanwe achọpụtala ihe akaebe na-agbapụta ngwa ngwa, na-eleghara anya (dị ka ọnwa nke mgbanaka mmiri gbara ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ joists rere ure), na ndị insurers chọrọ ka ị belata mmebi ọzọ ozugbo site na imechi valvụ mmiri na igbapu ma ọ bụ mebie mmiri ahụ n'enweghị nsogbu.

Enwere ike iji skru jiri skru were ebugharị mgbidi akọrọ mmiri nke gbadara ntakịrị gbagote ozugbo ọ kpọrọ nkụ?¶

Ee e, ozugbo gypsum drywall na-etinye mmiri zuru oke iji sag nke ọma n'etiti ụlọ elu ụlọ (ihe karịrị 6 ruo 10 millimeters ma ọ bụ 1/4 ruo 3/8 inch) ma ọ bụ dọpụta akwụkwọ ya na-eche ihu n'elu isi ihe ndị ahụ, gypsum kristal kristal anọgidewo na-efunahụ njupụta ya na njikọ na akwụkwọ na-eche ihu. Ịkwanye mgbidi akọrọ nkụ azụ azụ na-ahapụ osisi na-esighị ike nke na-ejide ihe mkpuchi mmiri na ihe na-akpụ akpụ n'elu elu ya; A ga-ebipụ akụkụ ọ bụla gbadara agbagọ ma ọ bụ delated site na joist center gaa na joist center ma dochie ya mgbe akpụkọchara akpọnwụwo n'okpuru 15 pasent mmiri ọdịnaya.

enyochara isi mmalite¶

• ** Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha, nhicha na ntinye akwụkwọ (IICRC): ** * ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard maka Mweghachi Mmebi Mmiri Ọkachamara* (Akụkụ 1, 2, na 3 nhazi ọkwa mmiri na iwu ihicha).
• Gypsum Association (United States na Canada): GA-231 Na-enyocha mmebi mmiri na bọọdụ Gypsum (na-adọkpụ ngwa ngwa site na igwe igwe na oke sag).
• ** Ọrụ Ntụrụndụ Mba (NPS, United States):** Nchịkọta Ndokwa 21: Imezi Plasta Flat Akụkọ Ihe mere eme, Mgbidi na elu ụlọ (lath osisi na plasta igodo ọdịda).
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) na CDC: Ntụziaka dị mkpirikpi maka ebu, mmiri, na ebe obibi gị na Chebe ezinụlọ gị ka ọ ghara ikpughe na asbestos.
• ** Onye isi nlekọta ahụike na nchekwa (HSE, United Kingdom): *** Asbestos dị mkpa: mkpuchi ederede (Artex) n'elu ụlọ na mgbidi*.
• ** Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mberede Federal (FEMA, United States):** * Ịnagide mmebi mmiri na ihe egwu eletrik mgbe iju mmiri ma ọ bụ nkwụsị* gasịrị.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Mwepu ntapu nke ụlọ na nhụsianya mberede
• Mkpuchi ọkpọkọ gbawara na njikwa mmiri mberede
• Ihe ịrịba ama ịdọ aka ná ntị mebiri emebi na ọdịda
• Mkpụrụ mgbe mmiri mebiri emebi: mgbochi awa 48 na nhichapụ
• Nsogbu asbestos, uzuzu ndu, na mkpughe radon dị elu
• Ndekọ nọmba mberede