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Njikọ USB Flash mbanye ma ọ bụ 'Ngwaọrụ USB Achọpụtaghị' Data Nnapụta

Ọ dịghị ihe na-akwụsị njedebe dị oke egwu, ntinye akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ntinye akwụkwọ ụtụ ahịa ngwa ngwa karịa ịbanye na draịvụ USB isi gị wee nụ ma ọ bụ ịgbachi nkịtị ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi Windows na-ekwupụta klzzwxh:0002 ị-A ma ọ bụ Ụdị-C nkwụnye snapping na 45-ogo angle mgbe naanị otu afọ nke ọrụ gị na-anọdụ n'ime. Ma draịvụ ike gị ọ nwere mgbajie anụ ahụ na nkwonkwo ebe a na-ere ere, ngụkọ USB dara na Device Descriptor Request Failed (Error Code 43), ma ọ bụ na-ebuli na Windows Management Disk dị ka 0 Bytes / No Media, faịlụ gị adịchaghị n'ime mgbawa ebe nchekwa Flash NAND na-adịkwa mgbe niile.

Sekọnd 120 na-esote ga-ekpebi ma ị ga-eji pasenti 100 nke faịlụ gị pụọ ma ọ bụ na-eghe ebe nchekwa silicon na-anwụ kpamkpam. Itugharị eriri USB gbagoro agbagọ azụ na azụ ka etinyere ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike, na-ejide igwe na-ere ụlọ megide obere mkpịsị aka monolithic, ma ọ bụ iwepụ ya ugboro ugboro na ịtụgharị draịva na-egbuke egbuke ga-adị mkpụmkpụ. +5V VBUS okporo ígwè ike ozugbo n'ime ndị siri ike 3.3V ahịrị data ma ọ bụ tinye oyi akwa ntụgharị flash na-ada ada (FTL) n'ime mkpọchi njikwa na-adịgide adịgide. Ntuziaka a na-ejegharị gị site na ngbanwe eletriki ozugbo, na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti bọọdụ sekit ebipụta nke ọma (PCB) na mkpịsị aka monolithic fused, na-achọpụta ọdịda kernel USB n'ofe Windows, macOS na Linux, na-ese draịva na-akwụghị ụgwọ na njikwa igwe igwe na-arụ ọrụ, na-arụkwa nchekwa micro-jumper na-enweghị ire ọkụ NAND.

Mee nke a ugbu a

  1. Kwụpụ draịva USB mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ nke amatabeghị ozugbo wee kwụsị ịgbanye njikọ n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB dị ndụ. Ọkọlọtọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB na-eweta. 5 volts (+5V VBUS) na ntụtụ ike elu dị n'akụkụ ntụtụ data dị iche (D- na D+). Ọ bụrụ na shei ọla gbanarịa ma ọ bụ ebuliri akwa akwa ọla kọpa +5V banye D+, D-, ma ọ bụ n'ime 3.3V Onye na-ahụ maka njikwa maka ọbụlagodi obere nkeji nke abụọ, ọ ga-ere nnukwu oghere microscopic ozugbo site na njikwa USB na NAND flash silicon.
  2. ** Metụ ihe mkpuchi plastik ma ọ bụ ígwè nke USB mbanye maka 2 sekọnd tupu ime ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.** Ọ bụrụ na mkpịsị aka ahụ ghọrọ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (n'elu 60 degrees Celsius ma ọ bụ 140 degrees Fahrenheit) n'ime 5 ruo 10 sekọnd mgbe etinyere ya, ma ọ bụ na-esi ísì ọkụ nke epoxy ọkụ, ** agaghị etinye ya na kọmputa ọ bụla ọzọ **. Okpomọkụ dị oke ọkụ pụtara seramiiki nke elu-elu ma ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka njikwa voltaji dị n'ime onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ-mkpụmkpụ; ịhapụ ya ka ọ gbanye ya maka sekọnd 30 ga-ebibi mkpụrụ ndụ ebe nchekwa ọkụ.
  3. ** Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla pịa "Format Disk" na-agba ọsọ CHKDSK ma ọ bụrụ na mbanye nkenke flickers online dị ka RAW . Pịa Format ma ọ bụ ikwe Windows CHKDSK /f iji degharịa tebụl nkenye faịlụ na onye njikwa flash na-ada ada ga-edegharị osisi ndekọ ndị dị ndụ wee kwagide NAND blocks n'akụkụ ọnụ.
  4. ** Chọpụta ma mbanye mkpịsị aka gị gbajiri agbaji bụ "Standard PCB Drive" abụọ ma ọ bụ otu mpempe "Monolithic Drive."** Lee anya na njedebe snapped ma ọ bụ wepụ ụlọ plastik: ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ osisi sekit akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ, ma ọ bụ nwa ojii nwere microchips ojii dị iche iche na ụkwụ anọ dị iche iche nke ígwè, onye ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ eletrik nwere ike jikọọ nkeji ise. Ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ dum bụ otu wafer siri ike nke epoxy ojii ebe a na-ese mkpịsị aka USB ọla edo ozugbo na ahụ mgbawa (dị ka SanDisk Cruzer Blade, Ultra Flair, ma ọ bụ obere mbanye keychain metal), ọ bụ ** monolith ** na agaghị ejikwa ígwè ọkọlọtọ emetụ ya aka.
  5. ** Ọ bụrụ na njikọ ahụ adịghị arụ ọrụ mana kọmputa na-ekwu USB Device Not Recognized, nwalee ya otu ugboro na motherboard azụ USB 2.0 ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (Black port) mgbe ị na-enyocha njikwa ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ dmesg.** N'ihu-panel PC case ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na unpowered hubs na-ata ahụhụ site voltaji droop na mgbaàmà echiche. Ijikọ ozugbo na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB 2.0 nke azụ na-amanye draịva iji kparịta ụka na waya 4 dị mfe. 480 Mbps Ụgbọ ala dị elu karịa ịda ada na USB 3.0 SuperSpeed mebiri emebi (SSRX/SSTX) atụdo.
  6. Oge oge draịvụ USB merụrụ ahụ na-arịgoro ma ọ bụ gosi dị ka diski anụ ahụ, were foto ngọngọ ngwaọrụ ahụ n'otu ngafe usoro (ddrescue ma ọ bụ DMDE) kama ịdọrọ nchekwa na Windows Explorer. Njikwa Explorer na MacOS Finder hammer flash draịva nwere puku kwuru puku metadata na-achọ na ọgbọ ntakiri. Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ dị nso ọnwụ, ị na-enweta naanị ** otu windo na-agụ na-aga n'ihu ** nke nkeji 3 ruo 15 tupu tebụl onye ntụgharị n'ime daa kpamkpam.
flowchart TD
    A["Ọgba aghara USB Flash Drive: Achọpụtaghị Njikọ ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ"] --> B{"Igwe USB igwe agbagọ agbagọ, tọpụ ya ma ọ bụ gbapụ ya?"}
    B -->|"Ee: Mmebi njikọ anụ ahụ"| C["AKWỤKWỌ ma ọ bụ kpagharịa: Nyochaa ihe owuwu dị n'ime"]
    C --> D{"PCB fiberglass dị iche nwere ntụtụ 4, ma ọ bụ otu akụkụ siri ike Monolith?"}
    D -->|"PCB ọkọlọtọ nwere paịlị ọla kọpa na-emebibeghị"| E["Igwe anaghị agba nchara USB 2.0 pigtail USB (+5V, D-, D+, GND) + Lelee fuse 0-ohm"]
    D -->|"Usoro PCB ebuliri elu ma ọ bụ wafer Monolithic siri ike"| F["Kwụsị ire ere n'onwe gị: Ziga na ụlọ nyocha micro-solding ọkachamara ma ọ bụ ụlọ nyocha Pinout Monolithic"]
    B -->|"Mba: Njikọ kwụ ọtọ, mana PC na-enye njehie ma ọ bụ egosighi ihe ọ bụla"| G{"Ụgbọ ala ahụ ọ na-ere ọkụ (> 60 C / 140 F) na 5 sekọnd?"}
    G -->|"Ee: Igwe ọkụ eletrik"| F
    G -->|"Mba: Okpomọkụ nkịtị"| H["Tinye n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ USB 2.0 azụ motherboard wee lelee ọkwa ngwaike OS"]
    H --> I{"Kedu ihe njikwa ngwaọrụ, diskutil, ma ọ bụ Linux dmesg na-akọ?"}
    I -->|"Koodu 43: Arịrịọ onye nkọwa dara (-71 / -110)"| J["Ntụtụ oxidized dị ọcha, nyochaa nkwonkwo solder gbawara agbawa, nwalee ndọtị USB 2.0 naanị, ma ọ bụ lelee kristal/regulator"]
    I -->|"Na-agbago dị ka 'Enweghị Media' / '0 MB' / 'NAND Flash Loader'"| K["Onye njikwa firmware okuku ma ọ bụ NAND mebiri emebi: chọrọ PC-3000 Flash / Chip-Off NAND dump"]
    I -->|"Na-egosi ezi ikike GB (dịka, 64 GB RAW ma ọ bụ na-adaba obere oge)"| L["Ngwa ngwa mechie 1: onyonyo mpaghara 1 (.img) site na GNU ddrescue ma ọ bụ DMDE, wee wepụ faịlụ."]

Nkeji 1: Ntu anụ ahụ maka eriri USB agbagọ, tọgbọrọ chakoo, ma ọ bụ kpọgidere ya

Mgbe agbapụrụ draịva USB, steepụ, ma ọ bụ wepụ ya n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri laptọọpụ, ike arụ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya ozugbo na njikọ ebe ọta USB igwe na-ezute mkpụrụ dị n'ime. Tupu ị na-anwa nnapụta ọ bụla, chọpụta nke n'ime ihe nhazi anụ ahụ atọ nke mkpịsị aka gị na-eji na otu esi akọwa ntụtụ ya.

1. Standard PCB Flash Drives vs. Monolithic ("Chip-on-Board") Flash draịva

Ụdị ihe owuwu Otu esi amata ya n'anya Kedu ihe na-eme mgbe ọ na-apụ Ụzọ mgbake dị mma
** Ụdị 1: Standard Discrete PCB Flash Drive** N'ime casing na-anọdụ ala siri ike 0.8 mm (0.03 in) ka 1.6 mm (0.06 in) fiberglass circuit osisi. Ị nwere ike ịhụ square USB Controller ASIC (Phison, Silicon Motion, Alcor), a 12 MHz kristal oscillator, obere capacitors, na 1 ma ọ bụ 2 akụkụ anọ ** TSOP-48 ma ọ bụ BGA NAND Flash ebe nchekwa ibe. Igwe USB igwe igwe na-agbaji na nsọtụ osisi ahụ. Ma ụkwụ ọla anọ ahụ na-apụ nke ọma na nkwonkwo ha na-ere ihe (na-ahapụ paịlị ọla kọpa emebibeghị), ma ọ bụ na ike ahụ na-adọka paịlị ọla kọpa dị mkpa na bọọdụ ahụ (** ebuliri pads**). 99% nwere ike nwetaghachi. Ọbụlagodi na adọkapụrụ paịlị ọla kọpa n'ihu ihu, onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ nwere ike ihicha ya. 1 mm (0.04 in) nke ihe mkpuchi na-acha uhie uhie na-ewepụ akara ọla kọpa dị ndụ (ma ọ bụ ihe na-ere ahịa 0.1 mm (0.004 in) wires jumper ozugbo na data resistors) ma tinye eriri USB 2.0 aja.
** Ụdị 2: Monolithic USB 2.0 / 3.0 Flash Drive (UDP / COB)** A na-eji ya na draịva ultra-compact, mgbochi mmiri, yana nkwado mkpịsị aka ukwu (SanDisk Cruzer Blade, Ultra Fit, Kingston DataTraveler Micro). Enweghị bọọdụ sekit na enweghị ibe dị iche ***. A na-akpụzi onye njikwa na raw NAND anwụ n'ime otu 1.5 mm (0.06 in) wafer nke black epoxy resin. N'ihi na ọ dịghị mgbanaka ígwè, a n'akụkụ mmetụta cracks na kenkuwa black epoxy wafer n'onwe ya, ma n'ofe ọla edo kọntaktị mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ogologo site n'etiti ahụ. ** Ihe egwu dị oke egwu: *** Ọ bụrụ na mgbawa na-agafe naanị n'akụkụ mpụta nke mkpịsị aka USB ọla edo, ọkachamara nwere ike ihicha. 0.05 mm (0.002 in) nke epoxy iji kpughee stubs ọla kọpa n'okpuru microscope. Ọ bụrụ na mgbawa ahụ na-agafe n'etiti ahụ monolith ojii, silicon NAND na-anwụ anwụ n'ime na-akụrisị ma enweghị ike ịgbake ya.
** Ụdị 3: Swivel / Dual OTG USB-A + USB-C draịva *** Igwe eji eme ihe nwere eriri USB Type-A n'otu nsọtụ yana plọg USB Type-C nke 24 na nke ọzọ (SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Luxe/Go). Nke 0.4 mm (0.016 in) pinye eriri USB-C na-ehulata n'ime shei ma ọ bụ dọkapụ n'olu dị n'ime, ebe njedebe USB-A ka nwere ike ịdị na-emebi emebi (ma ọ bụ mkpirisi site na ntụtụ USB-C agbagọ). ** Nyochaa n'okpuru ịdịwanye elu tupu ịtinye na njedebe nke ọzọ.** Lee n'ime oghere USB-C gbajiri agbaji na ọkụ ọkụ mbụ: ọ bụrụ na ntụtụ agbajiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB-C agbajiri na-emetụ ibe ha aka, itinye na njedebe USB-A na-adịghị emebi emebi ka ga-eme obere sekit n'ihi na nsọtụ abụọ ahụ na-ekekọrịta. +5V VBUS ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

Danger

Anwala aghụghọ ịntanetị nke mkpịsị akwụkwọ, staples, ma ọ bụ waya ndị a na-ewepụghị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB ka ị na-eji mkpịsị aka gị jide PCB gbajiri agbaji megide ha. Nke mbụ, ọ bụrụ na ị tụgharịrị ntụtụ abụọ dị n'elu na mberede (+5V VBUS na GND), ị na-etinye polarity reverse ozugbo n'ofe USB njikwa na NAND flash mgbawa, na-ebibi ma na-erughị 50 milliseconds na-enweghị fiusi ịfụ. Nke abụọ, mkpịsị aka mmadụ enweghị ike ijide kọntaktị anọ kwụ ọtọ maka nkeji 5 ruo 20 achọrọ iji detuo gigabytes nke data; ọ bụla millisecond bounce na-emepụta mbanye voltaji spikes na tufuo mbanye n'etiti mbufe.

2. USB 2.0 na USB 3.0 Pinout Reference & The "USB 2.0 Fallback" Lifesaver

Nke a bụ ihe nzuzo injinia nke na-echekwa puku kwuru puku USB 3.0 / 3.1 / 3.2 gbajiri agbaji kwa afọ: ** Ọ bụla USB 3.0 Ụdị-A flash mbanye nwere usoro abụọ kwụpụrụ onwe ya nke wiring n'ime plọg ya. * ** Ntụtụ n'azụ 5 (SSRX-, SSRX+, GND_DRAIN, SSTX-, SSTX+): *** Ejiri naanị 5 Gbps SuperSpeed ​​ibufe. * ** Omuma atụ nke 4 n'ihu-ahiri (Pin 1: +5V VBUS, Pin 2: D-, Pin 3: D+, Pin 4: GND*** Eji maka 480Mbps USB 2.0 Ọsọ Ọsọ.

Ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị rụkwaa ma ọ bụ jikọọ obere eriri USB 3.0 SuperSpeed ​​​​5 iji nwetaghachi pasent 100 nke data gị na draịvụ USB 3.0 gbajiri agbaji. Ọ bụrụhaala na ị jikọọ naanị ** 4 eriri USB 2.0 kpochapụwo (+5V, D-, D+, GND***, onye na-ahụ maka draịva flash ga-akpakọrịta ozugbo na ọnọdụ USB 2.0 na 30 to 40 MB/s, na-enye gị ohere iṅomi draịva 64 GB n'ime ihe na-erughị nkeji 30 na-erughị ọkara nke mgbagwoju anya.

STANDARD USB TYPE-A PLUG (Looking Down at the PCB where the 4 main legs solder on, with the plug pointing LEFT):
  +----------------------------------------------------------+
  |  [Pin 4: GND]        (Black Wire  - 0V Ground Reference) |  <-- Top Outer Pad (Connected to large copper ground plane/shield)
  |  [Pin 3: Data +]     (Green Wire  - USB 2.0 Differential)|  <-- Inner Pad (Usually leads to a tiny 22-to-33 ohm series resistor)
  |  [Pin 2: Data -]     (White Wire  - USB 2.0 Differential)|  <-- Inner Pad (Usually leads to a matching 22-to-33 ohm series resistor)
  |  [Pin 1: +5V VBUS]   (Red Wire    - +5 Volt DC Power)    |  <-- Bottom Outer Pad (Leads to a tiny fuse / inductor & capacitor)
  +----------------------------------------------------------+
  CRITICAL: NEVER rely on wire colors or "top vs. bottom" orientation alone. Flipping a double-sided PCB upside down reverses Pin 1 and Pin 4. ALWAYS verify Pin 4 (GND) with a multimeter BEFORE connecting power.

3. Otu esi enyocha polarity (+5V vs GND) n'ime sekọnd 30 na Multimeter dijitalụ

Tupu ịgbanye eriri USB àjà n'elu PCB flash mbanye gbajiri agbaji, chọpụta nke mpụta pad bụ ** Pin 4 (GND*** na nke mpụta pad bụ ** Pin 1 (+5V VBUS*** iji multimeter dijitalụ setịpụrụ na ** Ọga n'ihu (Ω: 1. Metụ nyocha ojii ahụ na mpe mpe akwa mkpuchi ọla dị n'akụkụ PCB (ma ọ bụ Pin 12/36 na mgbawa TSOP-48 NAND) wee metụ nyocha ọbara ọbara na mpe mpe akwa USB ọ bụla. 2. ** Mpempe mpụta nke na-ada ụda (0.0 to 0.3 Ω continuity na ala) bụ Pin 4 (GND - Black Wire). 3. ** Mpempe mpụta nke ọzọ (nke na-ejikọ na obere fuse SMD akpọrọ 0, F1, ma ọ bụ L1) bụ Pin 1 (+5V VBUS - Red Wire).* The mpe mpe akwa na-esote Pin 1 bụ Pin 2 (D- / White), na mpe mpe akwa na-esote Pin 4 bụ Pin 3 (D+ / Green).

Nkeji 2: Ndozi obere obere nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ maka draịvụ mkpịsị aka PCB nwere ọnya

Ọ bụrụ na draịva flash gị bụ ** Ụdị 1 Discrete PCB Drive ** (ọ bụghị monolith ojii siri ike) yana ị nwere ngwaọrụ eji eme ihe.15W to 30W ígwè, rosin-core solder, flux, na multimeter), ị nwere ike itinye ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe ** "USB Pigtail Harness"** iji wepụ faịlụ gị na-etinyeghị ihe ndọghachi azụ na paịlị gbajiri agbaji:

  1. ** Nyochaa PCB na +5V SMD FuseF1 / L1): *** Wepu shei rọba gbajiri agbaji wee lelee paịlị n'ihu 4 n'okpuru nkwalite. Ọ bụrụ na ụkwụ ígwè ahụ gbajie nke ọma na ihe a na-ere ere, pad ndị ahụ dị njikere iji; ọ bụrụ na pad ọla kọpa dọkapụrụ, soro akara ọla kọpa dị mkpa ya 2 mm (0.08 in) laghachi na ya series data resistor (22 Ω) ma ọ bụ ike fuse (0 Ω). Lelee ọga n'ihu n'ofe +5V SMD fuse (F1): ọ bụrụ na ọ gụọ OL (Mepee Loop), ngbanwe igwe ahụ gbawara fiusi meghere.
  2. ** Kwadebe ma nyochaa eriri USB 2.0 4-Wire:** bepụ ngwaọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị eriri USB 2.0 ochie ma ọ bụ eriri ngwa nbipute, warara. 2 mm (0.08 in) nke mkpuchi anya n'ime wires 4 (Red, White, Green, Black), ma chọpụta na ọ ga-aga n'ihu site na nkwụnye eriri USB-A gaa n'ọnụ waya ọ bụla na multimeter gị ka ị ghara ịghọgbu gị site na agba waya na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ.
  3. ** rere wires 4 (Max 1.5 Seconds Per Pad): *** Tinye rosin flux, pre-tin ndụmọdụ waya, na solder Pin 1 (+5V) na Red, Pin 2 (D-) na White, Pin 3 (D+) na Green, na Pin 4 (GND) na Black.
  4. ** Nyochaa obere mkpirisi efu tupu ịgbanwuo:** tụọ nguzogide n'etiti +5V na GND na n'etiti D- na D+ iji chọpụta na ọ nweghị ụzọ abụọ ejikọtara (0 Ω). Tinye eriri USB n'azụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB 2.0 wee see foto ozugbo ma ọ bụ detuo faịlụ gị.

Nkeji 3: Ịchọpụta 'Ngwaọrụ USB Achọpụtaghị' mgbe plọg ahụ dị mma

Kedu ihe ma ọ bụrụ na agbadaghị ma ọ bụ hulata draịva gị, ma tinye ya na ihe ndị na-akpata Windows USB Device Not Recognized (Error Code 43: A request for the USB device descriptor failed), ma ọ bụ itinye ya na macOS/Linux egosighi ihe ọ bụla na desktọpụ?

Mgbe ị na-atụnye draịvụ USB n'ime kọmpụta, ngwaike nkeji anọ na aka firmware na-eme na mbụ 500 milliseconds. Site na ịlele ** Onye njikwa ngwaọrụ Windows + Njikwa diski ** ma ọ bụ ** Linux dmesg -w**, ị nwere ike ịkọwa kpọmkwem millisekọnd ebe flash mbanye gị na-ada:

Matrix nchọpụta nchọpụta: Usoro nka nka 5 nke ọdịda USB Flash Drive

Ihe ị na-ahụ na ihuenyo Njikwa Ngwaọrụ Windows & Ọnọdụ njikwa diski Linux dmesg / macOS ioreg Mpụta Ihe n'ezie dara n'ime mbanye Ị nwere ike nwetaghachi ya n'onwe gị?
** Nkeji 1: Nwụrụ Anwụ kpamkpam (ụda efu, popup efu, LED efu, dị jụụ na mmetụ ahụ)** Ọ nweghị ihe na-agbanwe na njikwa ngwaọrụ (Universal Serial Bus controllers adịghị ume ọhụrụ). Ahịrị ọhụrụ efu pụtara na sudo dmesg -w mgbe etinyere ya. ** Mepee +5V Ụzọ Ike ma ọ bụ Nwụrụ Anwụ 3.3V Regulator:** gbawara 0-ohm SMD fuse (F1) nso eriri USB, nkwonkwo solder oyi na Pin 1 (+5Vma ọ bụ pin 4 (GND), ma ọ bụ okpu 12 MHz kristal oscillator. ** Ee (Ndozi PCB ngwaike):** Kọntaktị dị ọcha na mmanya Isopropyl 99%; inyocha/akwa gbawara 0-ohm ike fuse ma ọ bụ reflow oyi njikọ solder nkwonkwo.
** Nkeji 2: "Amataghị ngwaọrụ USB" (Error Code 43: Device Descriptor Request Failed)** Na-apụta n'okpuru Universal Serial Bus controllers nwere triangle odo odo: Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed). usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -71 (Njehie Protocol) ma ọ bụ error -110 (Ike/Ọgwụgwụ). ** Onye ọbịa na-ahụ 1.5 kΩ resistor na-adọta D+, yabụ na ọ maara na etinyere ngwaọrụ, mana onye njikwa enweghị ike iji ihe nkọwa USB 18-byte zaghachi:** Ọ bụ oxidized kpatara ya. D-/D+ atụdo, mgbawa data resistor (22 Ω), ma ọ bụ onye njikwa nwụrụ anwụ ASIC. 50% Mee N'onwe Gị / 50% Lab: Ntụtụ dị ọcha, nwalee site na eriri USB 2.0 dị ọcha / eriri ndọtị, wee lelee D-/D+ aga n'ihu na PCB. Ọ bụrụ na onye njikwa ASIC n'onwe ya anwụọla, chọrọ ụlọ nyocha NAND Chip-Off.
** Nkeji 3: Mbanye Chimes, na-arụnye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, mana na-egosi No Media / 0 Bytes** Njikwa diski na-egosi Disk 2: Removable - No Media (0 B). Njikwa ngwaọrụ n'okpuru Disk drives na-egosi aha njikwa ọnụọgụgụ (PS2251-07, SM3257, FirstChip, ma ọ bụ NAND USB2DISK). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk na nha 0 sectors ma ọ bụ medium not present. ** NAND Flash Translator / Firmware Crash ("Ọnọdụ Nchekwa Onye njikwa"):** mgbawa njikwa USB dị mma ma na-agwa PC gị okwu, ** mana ọ nweghị ike ibunye mgbawa NAND flash nke raw (n'ihi na tebụl Ntụgharị Flash emebiwo ma ọ bụ NAND ejirila ihe mgbochi). ** 0% Software DIY (Ejila ngwa ngwa mmepụta MPALL/AlcorMP)** N'ihi 0 Bytes A na-akọ na oyi akwa ngọngọ ngwaike, ọ nweghị ngwanrọ mgbake PC nwere ike ịhụ NAND. Chọrọ mgbake ** PC-3000 Flash / VNR Chip-Off **.
** Nkeji 4: Mkpọtụ ụgbọala dị ka nha zuru oke (e.g., 58.6 GB), Ma o kwuru Format Disk (RAW) ma ọ bụ na-apụ na-anọghị n'ịntanetị *** Njikwa diski na-egosi ikike zuru oke (58.6 GB RAW ma ọ bụ Unallocated), ma ọ bụ mbanye na-akwụsị njikọ oge ọ bụla imepe folda. I/O error, dev sdb, sector 2048 sochiri ya USB disconnect, device number 4 mgbe ị na-agụ blocks rụrụ arụ. ** Ihe mgbochi NAND mebiri emebi na-eme ka onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa oge kwụsịlata + FAT32 / exFAT Boot Sector mebiri emebi:** Mgbe onye njikwa kụrụ ibe NAND na-adịghị ike, loop ECC dị n'ime ya kwụgidere maka >5 seconds, na-eme ka Windows malitegharịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. 85% ruo 99% ihe ịga nke ọma DIY ma ọ bụrụ na ị ** kwụsị iji File Explorer ozugbo wee mechie draịva na Linux. ddrescue (na-eji raw Direct I/O na skip-on-error) tupu onye njikwa akpọchie ya kpamkpam.
** Nkeji 5: mbanye na-emepe, ihe ngosi 32 GB Used, Mana Faịlụ apụọla ma ọ bụ dochie ya 1 KB Ụzọ mkpirisi** Njikwa diski na-egosi ahụike FAT32 ma ọ bụ exFAT nkebi nwere ikike GB zuru oke. Ugwu dị ọcha (sdb1), ndebanye ndekọ faịlụ faịlụ rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ njirimara zoro ezo. ** Mbibi Sistemu Faịlụ ezi uche dị na ya** (wepụ ya na-ewepụghị nke ọma) ma ọ bụ Mkpirisi àgwà Malware. 99% ruo 100% ihe ịga nke ọma DIY iji DMDE, R-Studio, PhotoRec, ma ọ bụ nchekwa na-ezobe mgbe emechara onyonyo ngalaba.

Warning

** ebudatala ma ọ bụ gbaa "USB Mass Production / Controller Re-flashing Utilities" (Phison MPALL, Phison Restore, SMI MPTool, AlcorMP, ChipGenius + FirstChip MPTool) na a No Media / 0 MB ụgbọala ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka data gị laghachi azụ.** Nnọkọ n'ịntanetị na-enyekarị ndụmọdụ nbudata ChipGenius ilele anya gị VID/PID ma na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Mass Production (MPTool) iji "dozie" a 0 MB eriri USB. Ngwá ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ adịghị enwetaghachi data: ha na-edozi draịva isi mkpịsị aka site na izipu ọkwa dị ala ** Nkwụsị nkwụsị zuru ezu (0xFF*** n'ofe ụgbọ elu NAND anụ ahụ ọ bụla ma na-ewu tebụl ntụgharị efu ọhụrụ. Na-agba ọsọ MPTool na-eme ka draịva gị na-arụ ọrụ ọzọ dị ka osisi efu ebe ** na-emebi 100% nke faịlụ gị na-adịgide adịgide karịa ọbụna mgbake mgbawa nke ime ụlọ dị ọcha.

Ngwa-site-nzọụkwụ Software & Nchọpụta nsogbu ngwaike maka Code 43 na nkwụsịtụ oge

Ọ bụrụ na eriri USB ejighị n'aka na draịvụ ahụ anaghị ekpo oke ọkụ, gbasoo nhazi atọ ndị a na-adịghị emebi emebi n'usoro:

1. Dị ọcha Oxidized kọntaktị Pads na ike USB 2.0 Protocol mkparita uka

  1. Mechie mpempe akwụkwọ mpịakọta dị arọ (ma ọ bụ nha nha osisi nke eji akwa microfiber na-enweghị lint) na 99% Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) wee kpochaa paịlị kọntaktị ọla edo 4 (ma ọ bụ 9) n'ime eriri USB. Chere 60 sekọnd ka ọ kpọọ nkụ.
  2. Tinye draịva USB n'ime ** dị ọnụ ala, eriri USB 2.0 dị ọcha ma ọ bụ eriri USB 2.0 na-agafe agafe ** ejikọrọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri azụ. Ọtụtụ draịva USB 3.0 mebiri emebi na-ada mgbe ha na-agbalị ịkparịta ụka n'elu ntụtụ SuperSpeed ​​azụ 5 (SSRX/SSTX), na-eme ka Windows tụba ngwa ngwa Error Code 43. Ịtụnye draịvụ USB 3.0 n'ime eriri USB 2.0 / ọdụ ** 4-waya na-ahapụ ntụtụ SuperSpeed ​​5 gbajiri agbaji, na-amanye draịvụ ahụ ka ọ buut nke ọma n'elu ụgbọ ala USB 2.0 na-agbanwe agbanwe.

2. Nyochaa ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ kernel Live na Linux (dmesg)

  • Mepee ọdụ Linux tupu ịtinye draịva wee gbaa ọsọ sudo dmesg -w, wee tinye draịva n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ USB 2.0 azụ:
  • Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ new high-speed USB device sochiri ya [sdb] 125045424 512-byte logical blocks: (64.0 GB/59.6 GiB): Agụpụtara ụgbọala gị n'ikike zuru oke. Pịa ozugbo Ctrl+C wee wuo na ** Oge 4 ** n'okpuru ka ị mechie /dev/sdb ya na ddrescue tupu emetụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ aka.
  • Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ device descriptor read/64, error -71 ma ọ bụ unable to enumerate USB device: Were obere eriri dọrọ USB pụọ n'èzí site 1 millimeter (0.04 inches) na oghere naanị 4 n'ihu USB 2.0 kọntaktị na-etinye aka (na-agafe kọntaktị USB 3.0 miri emi) wee hụ ma dmesg ozugbo depụtara ikike.

3. Gbanyụọ Windows USB Nhọrọ Supend N'oge Nnapụta

Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ahụrịrị draịva ahụ na Windows, mepee powercfg.cpl -> Change plan settings -> Change advanced power settings -> USB settings -> USB selective suspend setting ma tọọ ya na ** nkwarụ **, yana na ** Njikwa ngwaọrụ -> USB Root Hub -> Njikwa ike **, pịnye akara "Kwe ka kọmputa gbanyụọ ngwaọrụ a iji chekwaa ike."

Usoro 4: Ise foto nke draịvụ USB na-akwụghị ụgwọ ma ọ bụ "ịkwụsị"ddrescue & DMDE)

Ọtụtụ draịva USB na-ada ada na-egosiputa ume iku ume ** 15-nke abụọ"**: mgbe ị na-ebu ụzọ tinye draịvụ oyi na-atụ na ya, ọ na-arịgo ma rụọ ọrụ maka 10 ruo 30 sekọnd, mgbe ahụ ozugbo ọ dara ngọngọ eyi ma ọ bụ kpoo ọkụ, ọ na-ajụ oyi, na-adaba na ya. 0 KB/s, wee pụọ na kọmpụta ahụ ruo mgbe ị kwụsịrị ya wee gbanye ya ọzọ.

Ọ bụrụ na draịva gị na-eme nke a, iṅomi nchekwa na Windows Explorer ga-ada 100 pasent nke oge n'ihi na Explorer na-amalite site na mmalite oge ọ bụla ị na-emegharị ụgbọala ahụ. Kama, jiri ** GNU ddrescue na-anọgidesi ike .map ndekọ ***. N'ihi na ddrescue na-edekọ ngalaba ọ bụla a napụtara 512-byte n'ime ya .map Faịlụ na draịvụ ike gị, ọbụlagodi na ị ga-ewepụ ma wepụ eriri USB na-anwụ ugboro 20, ** otu ngafe ọ bụla na-ebuli na microsecond kpọmkwem ebe nkwụsị mbụ kwụsịrị ***, na-achịkọta 99 ruo 100 nke data gị n'ime otu. .img faịlụ:

# 1. Disable Ubuntu/Linux desktop automounting first so the OS doesn't touch the dying USB stick when plugged in:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount-open false

# 2. Plug in the USB stick, check its device node (e.g., /dev/sdb) via lsblk, and immediately run Fast Non-Trimming Clone:
sudo ddrescue -b 512 -c 128 -n /dev/sdb ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.img ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.map

# 3. If the USB stick disconnects mid-pass when it hits a bad block:
#    Unplug the USB stick, wait 10 seconds, plug it back in, verify its device node with 'lsblk',
#    and run ddrescue in Reverse Direction (-R) using the SAME .img and .map file:
sudo ddrescue -b 512 -c 64 -n -R /dev/sdb ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.img ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.map

# 4. Final Pass: Scrape the remaining damaged sectors using Direct Unbuffered I/O (-d):
sudo ddrescue -b 512 -d -r 2 /dev/sdb ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.img ~/Desktop/usb_rescue.map

Otu ugboro ddrescue (ma ọ bụ **DMDE -> Ngwaọrụ -> Detuo ngalaba ** na Windows) echekwara usb_rescue.img na SSD dị n'ime kọmputa gị, wepụ eriri USB gbajiri agbaji wee mepee usb_rescue.img n'ime DMDE, R-Studio, ma ọ bụ TestDisk / PhotoRec (lee Hichapụ faịlụ mberede, mbanye ahaziri na mgbake foto na Ike mbanye ọdịda na data mgbake) iji wepụta faịlụ gị na aha faịlụ mbụ ha na ihe nchekwa nchekwa emebibeghị.

Nkeji 5: Otu ụlọ nyocha ndị ọkachamara si agbake 0 MB (No Media) na Monolithic draịva

Kedu ihe na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na draịvụ USB nwere njikwa nwụrụ anwụ kpamkpam (Code 43 nwere akara PCB na-emebibeghị), akụkọ No Media / 0 Bytes (Controller Safe Mode), ka ọ bụ ** draịvụ Monolithic gbadara**?

  1. ** Mweghachi NAND Chip-Off dị iche (maka draịva PCB ọkọlọtọ):** Na draịva PCB ọkọlọtọ, data gị na-ebi n'ime akụkụ anọ ** NAND Flash memory chip** (TSOP-48, BGA-132, BGA-152, ma ọ bụ LGA-52), ọ bụghị obere njikwa USB square. Onye injinia mgbake data na-eji ọdụ nrụpụta ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ mgbawa NAND, na-ehicha pin, wee gụọ ibe NAND raw na ** Ace Lab PC-3000 Flash ** ma ọ bụ ** Rusolut Visual NAND Reconstructor (VNR*** agụ. Akụrụngwa ahụ na-ewepụ ihe nkpuchi nke onye njikwa **XOR scrambling nkpuchi **, na-etinye ngwaike BCH / LDPC koodu na-emezi njehie.ECC, wee wughachi Flash Translation Layer (FTL gbochie tebụl iji nwetaghachi pasent 100 nke faịlụ gị.
  2. ** Monolithic Spider-Board Pinout Iweghachite (Maka draịvụ ike isi ojii ojii siri ike):** Mgbe obere mkpanaka USB monolithic (dị ka SanDisk Cruzer Blade/Fit ma ọ bụ obere osisi Kingston) nwụrụ 0 Bytes ma ọ bụ ọnyà n'akụkụ mkpịsị aka njikọ ahụ, ọ nweghị mgbawa NAND dị iche iche iji tọgbọrọ n'efu. N'okpuru stereomicroscope 40x, ọkachamara na-ekpochapụ elu 0.1 mm (0.004 in) oyi akwa epoxy ojii dị n'okpuru monolith iji kpughee paịlị ule ọla kọpa 18 ruo 30 microscopic (0.15 mm / 0.006 in dayameta) etinyere na ụgbọ ala NAND 8-bit nke ime (I/O 0 to 7, CLE, ALE, WE#, RE#, CE#, R/B#). Site na mbudata nyocha agịga tungsten (** Spider Board jig**) ma ọ bụ obere ire ere. 0.05 mm (0.002 in) waya ntutu ọla kọpa na paịlị ndị ahụ, ụlọ nyocha ahụ gafere onye njikwa USB nwụrụ anwụ kpamkpam wee tụfuo ebe nchekwa NAND raw ozugbo.

Ndepụta mgbochi: ka ị gaghị atụfu data na mbanye mkpịsị aka ọzọ

  • ** Na-emeso draịvụ USB ọ bụla dị ka mgbasa ozi mbufe mbufe:** Echela naanị otu nkwụghachi ụtụ, tesis, ntinye akwụkwọ iwu, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa foto ezinụlọ na draịvụ USB. Soro iwu 3-2-1 (lee Ndabere kọmputa: atụmatụ 3-2-1 na mgbake ọdachi).
  • ** Jiri obere 15 cm (6 inch) na-agbanwe pigtail USB ndọtị na laptọọpụ n'ime oghere ndị mmadụ juru:** Ịtinye draịva mkpịsị aka n'ime eriri ndọtị dị mkpụmkpụ na-agbanwe na-egbochi ikpere ma ọ bụ akpa azụ ka ọ ghara ịrapagidesi ike ahụ. 6 centimeter (2.4 inch) pụọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri laptọọpụ gị.
  • ** Dochie draịva mkpịsị aka dị elu na NVMe/SATA SSDs mpụga siri ike:** Ndị SSD nwere ike iji njikwa SSD zuru oke na-eji akwa akwa, S.M.A.R.T. telemetry ahụike, yana eriri USB-C nwere ike ịpụpụ.
  • ** Jiri “Wepu ngwaike / Wepụ n'enweghị nsogbu” wee chere sekọnd atọ zuru oke mgbe LED kwụsịrị ịcha ọkụ *** tupu ịdọpụ draịva ahụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị

Enwere m ike itinye draịva USB gbajiri agbaji na friza ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nkeji iri?

Etinyekwala draịva USB na friza. Itinye flash mbanye n'ime friza ezinụlọ na-ebute ikuku mmiri ozugbo n'ofe onye na-ahụ maka ya na ntụtụ PCB ozugbo ị gbanye ya n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekepụta obere sekit eletrik gafere ụgbọ okporo ígwè 5-volt. Igwe ọkụ NAND mebiri emebi nwere ntapu ụgwọ na-egosipụtakwa ọnụego mperi ka njọ na obere okpomọkụ karịa na ọnụ ụlọ nkịtị (20 ruo 25 degrees Celsius / 68 ruo 77 degrees Fahrenheit).

Ego ole ka ọkachamara data mgbake na-eri maka draịvụ USB gbajiri agbaji?

Ọnụ ahịa na-adabere na nke n'ime ọkwa atọ ọdịda draịva gị dabara. Nke mbụ, ọ bụrụ na njikọ USB wepụrụ draịva PCB pụrụ iche ebe onye njikwa na ibe NAND dị mma, ụlọ ahịa micro-seldering ma ọ bụ ụlọ nyocha mgbake na-akwụkarị 75 ruo 250 USD iji ree ihe ndị na-enye onyinye ma ọ bụ dochie fuse SMD. Nke abụọ, ọ bụrụ na mgbawa njikwa anwụọla (`0 MB / No Media`) na draịva PCB ọkọlọtọ chọrọ TSOP-48 ma ọ bụ BGA-152 NAND Chip-Off na nrụpụta ECC/XOR, ọnụ ahịa ụlọ nyocha na-adịkarị site na 300 ruo 650 USD. Nke atọ, ọ bụrụ na draịva ahụ bụ epoxy Monolith nke nwere otu mpempe na-achọ microscopic pinout sanding na nyocha echiche ududo, ụlọ nyocha ndị ọkachamara na-anakarị 400 ruo 900 USD.

USB flash mbanye na-arịọ m ka m hazie ya oge ọ bụla m tinyere ya (RAW usoro faịlụ). Ịhazi ya ọ ga-ebu ụzọ nyere ngwanrọ mgbake chọta faịlụ m?

Mba, ewepụtala usoro mebiri emebi ma ọ bụ `RAW` USB flash mbanye tupu ị nwetaghachi data gị. Mgbe Windows ma ọ bụ MacOS kpaliri gị ịhazi draịva ahụ, Master Boot Record (MBR), Partition Table, ma ọ bụ FAT32 / exFAT Volume Boot Record na mmalite nke draịva ahụ mebiri emebi, ebe faịlụ gị niile na-anọdụ ala na mpaghara data dị n'azụ ya. Nhazi na-ede tebụl sistemu faịlụ efu efu n'elu metadata ndekọ dị ndụ (yana na UASP/TRIM mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka ọgbara ọhụrụ, nwere ike ịkpalite mkpochapụ ngwaike). Kama, pịa Kagbuo, see nke a `RAW` jiri DMDE jiri ụgbọala ma ọ bụ `ddrescue`, wee nyochaa onyonyo a ka ị nwetaghachi faịlụ gị.

Ọ dị mma ịpị "Nyochaa wee mezie" mgbe Windows kwuru na enwere nsogbu na mbanye mkpịsị aka m?

Mgbe ewepụghị draịva USB na-enweghị ịpị Wepu nke ọma, OS na-ahapụ ọkọlọtọ "Dirty Bit" nke edobere n'ime FAT32 ma ọ bụ exFAT olu nkụnye eji isi mee. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụrụ na draịva mkpịsị aka gị na-eme ngwa ngwa, faịlụ na-efu efu, ma ọ bụ na-akwụsị n'otu oge n'ihi ihe mgbochi NAND na-ada, ịpị "Scan na idozi" dị ize ndụ n'ihi na `CHKDSK` ga-edegharị ụdọ ụdọ ndị mebiri emebi n'ebe wee kụrie akwụkwọ na foto gị ka ọ bụrụ enweghị akara `.CHK` iberibe n'ime ihe zoro ezo `FOUND.000` nchekwa. Na-ebu ụzọ detuo ma ọ bụ see onyinyo faịlụ gị dị mkpa tupu ị na-agba ọsọ "Scan and fix."

Ntuziaka emetụtara

enyochara isi mmalite

  • USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) (International): Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0 na USB 3.2 Nkọwapụta (Nkọwapụta Pinout, Nchekwa N'ofe Ugbu a, na Aka Aka Nkọwapụta Ngwaọrụ).
  • JEDEC Solid State Technology Association (International): JESD230 / ONFI (Mepee NAND Flash Interface) Ọkọlọtọ maka nrịbama ụgbọ ala Raw NANDCLE, ALE, WE#, RE#), Nhazi ibe, na chọrọ ECC.
  • GNU Project / Free Software Foundation (mba): GNU ddrescue Akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka eserese ngwaọrụ mgbochi mmejọ yana mweghachi mapfile na mgbasa ozi Flash na-adịghị akwụsi ike.
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (United States): Mbipụta Pụrụ Iche 800-86 na SP 800-101 Rev. 1 (Ntuziaka na Digital Forensics na mebie Mwepụ Solid-State Media Acquisition).