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Okpomọkụ Wet-Bulb na-egbu egbu, ebili mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, yana ọdịda jụrụ oyi.

Nọmba mberede dị iche na mba. Ibe a na-eji 911, nọmba maka United States na Canada. Ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na-eji 112, 999, ma ọ bụ nọmba ọzọ. Chọta nọmba maka obodo gị.

Igwe ọkụ ** mmiri mmiri (\(T_{wb}\))** bụ okpomoku kacha ala nke enwere ike ime ka ihe ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ mmadụ dị jụụ site na ikupu mmiri na-abanye n'ikuku na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ enyere na iru mmiri. N'adịghị ka ọkọlọtọ akọrọ-bọlb agụ temometa ma ọ bụ ọbụna dị mfe Okpomọkụ Index, thermodynamic wet-bulb okpomọkụ na-atụ kpọmkwem oke anụ ahụ ebe ** mmadụ evaporative jụrụ oyi (ọsụsọ) kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ ***.

Ahụ mmadụ na-ezu ike nọgidere na-emepụta ihe dị ka ** 80 ruo 100 watts nke okpomọkụ metabolic ** iji mee ka akụkụ ahụ dị ndụ ma nọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ nke \(37.0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(98.6^\circ\text{F}\)) na okpomọkụ elu akpụkpọ ahụ dị nso \(35.0^\circ\text{C}\)\(9 Mgbe oke iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-akwali okpomọkụ mmiri mmiri na-eru n'ókè nke **\)35.0^\circ\text{C}$ (\(95.0^\circ\text{F}\)), ma ọ bụ ruo n'ókè ụlọ ọgwụ mmadụ egosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya nke \(30.5^\circ\text{C}\) \(35. (\)86.9^\circ\text{F}$ ruo \(88.7^\circ\text{F}\)) wet-bulb chọpụtara na nnwale ụlọ nyocha na nso nso a, ọsụsọ apụghịzi ịpụ ngwa ngwa iji kwafuo ọbụna okpomọkụ metabolic na-ezu ike. N'ọnọdụ a nke nrụgide okpomọkụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ***, ọbụlagodi onye na-eto eto, ahụike, onye nwere mmiri zuru oke na-ezu ike na ndò zuru oke n'ihu ikuku ga-enwe ịrị elu na-aga n'ihu, enweghị nkwụsị na isi ahụ ruo mgbe ọ na-egbu egbu ** oge gboo ma ọ bụ strok ọkụ na-eme n'ime awa.

Ntuziaka a na-enye usoro ntụ oyi na-echekwa ndụ, tebụl nleba anya mmiri mmiri nke psychrometric, na usoro ikuku jụrụ oyi nke Healthtù Ahụ Ike (wa (WHO), United States National Weather Service (NWS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), na thermoiesre. Maka nkwadebe okpomọkụ okpomọkụ n'ozuzu, gụọ anyị oke okpomọkụ ndu na akụkọ ihe mere eme okpomọkụ dome nlanarị ndu; maka nlekọta ahụike ozugbo, gụọ ọrịa okpomọkụ enyemaka mbụ.

N'ọkụ iru mmiri na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, ndò na mmiri ọñụụ naanị agaghị azọpụta ndụ gị

Mgbe mmiri-bọlb okpomọkụ ruru \(31^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(88^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(95^\circ\text{F}\)),ịṅụ lita mmiri ka ị na-anọdụ ala na ndò anaghị egbochi gị isi okpomọkụ si ịrị elu. N'ihi na ikuku gbara ya gburugburu ejirila uzuoku mmiri juputara na ma ọ bụ nso ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ahụ gị, ọsụsọ na-awụpụ n'ahụ gị n'otu ebe mmiri mmiri na-epupụtaghị (nfefe ọkụ latent efu). Iji dịrị ndụ mgbe ikuku oyi na-ada n'oge oke iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ị ga-ebufe ọkụ n'ahụ gị site na ** Direct thermal conduction n'ime mmiri oyi ** ($ 15^\circ\text{C}$ ka \(26^\circ\text{C}\) [\(59^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(79^\circ\text{F}\)] kpatụ mmiri oyi).

Mee nke a ugbu a

  1. ** Bugharịa ozugbo n'ime ụlọ nwere ntụ oyi ma ọ bụ okpuru ulo mgbe ọ bụla Wet-Bulb Temperature ruru \(28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(82.4^\circ\text{F}\)) ma ọ bụ Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) ruru \(31^\circ\text{C}\)2. Ọrụ na-azọpụta ndụ n'otu oge: ọ na-eme ka okpomọkụ ikuku dị nkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-eme ka uzuoku si n'ime ụlọ pụta (dehumidification), na-eweghachi ikike akpụkpọ ahụ gị ịpụpụ ọsụsọ. Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ gị enweghị ntụ oyi ma ọ bụ enweghị ike, pụọ n'isi ụtụtụ gaa n'ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ nke ime obodo, ọbá akwụkwọ, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala nwere ntụ oyi.
  2. ** Kwụsị mgbatị ahụ niile wee dinara ala ma ọ bụrụ na ọnyà gị dị na oke iru mmiri na-enweghị ntụ oyi oke strok okpomọkụ** ugboro anọ ruo asatọ ọsọ ọsọ.
  3. ** Tinye ahụ gị ma ọ bụ aka gị na ụkwụ gị n'ime mmiri mgbata dị jụụ ($ 15 ^ circ\text {C}$ ka $ 26 ^ circ\text {C}$ [$ 59^\circ\text{F}$ ka \(79^\circ\text{F}\)]) ma ọ bụrụ na ike grid ada n'oge iru mmiri okpomọkụ okpomọkụ. na **100 pasent iru mmiri ** ebe evaporation bụ efu. Jujuo ụlọ ịsa ahụ gị na mmiri mgbata dị jụụ (mkpụrụ mmiri ime obodo e liri na-adị jụụ na \(18^\circ\text{C}\) to \(25^\circ\text{C}\) [\(64^\circ\text{F}\) to \(77^\circ\text{F}\)] ọbụna n'oge oké okpomọkụ ebili mmiri) ma tinye maka 15 ruo 2 nkeji oge. bọket mmiri dị jụụ ka ị na-edobe akwa nhicha mmiri n'olu na ukwu gị.
  4. ** Afụla onye na-efe ọkụ eletrik na akpụkpọ ahụ kpọrọ nkụ mgbe ikuku ikuku dị n'ime ụlọ gafere \(37 ^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(39^\circ\text{C}\) (\(99^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(102^\circ\text{F}\)), na mgbe niile mmiri akpụkpọ gị na sponge ma ọ bụ ịgba karama mgbe ị na-eji fan na World Health Organisation dị elu physiology. ụkpụrụ nduzi, ịfụ ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu okpomọkụ anụ ahụ n'elu onye na-enweghị ike ọsụsọ zuru oke (dị ka onye toro eto ma ọ bụ onye na-aṅụ ọgwụ anticholinergic) na-eme ka ụlọ ahụ ghọọ oven convection nke na-agbakwụnye okpomọkụ n'ime ahụ. Jiri naanị fan na oke okpomoku ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji mmiri dị jụụ na-asachapụ akpụkpọ ahụ gị na-enweghị isi.
  5. ** Malite ngwa ngwa imi mmiri oyi ("Cool First, Transport Second") ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Heat Stroke: mgbagwoju anya, okwu slurred, ịsụ ngọngọ, ọdịdọ, ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke mmụọ.* (\(105^\circ\ederede{F}\)). Kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara gị ozugbo (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom, ma ọ bụ hụ ha niile. nọmba mberede), yipụsịa uwe elu onye ahụ, ma tụba ọkpụkpụ ha n'ime arịa ịsa ahụ, tankị ngwaahịa, ma ọ bụ tap nke jupụtara na mmiri oyi na ice ka ha na-eche ụgbọ ihe mberede; hụ ọrịa okpomọkụ enyemaka mbụ.
  6. ** Na-aṅụ 250 milliliters (8 ounces) mmiri na electrolytes (oral rehydration salts) kwa nkeji 20 ruo 30 ka ọsụsọ na-agbasi ike, ọ dịghị mgbe mmiri dị larịị na nnukwu mmiri mmiri nke ọtụtụ lita. 2,000 milligrams nke sodium kwa elekere *** ọbụlagodi mgbe ọsụsọ ahụ na-ada n'ala na-ajụghị gị oyi. Iji mmiri mgbata dị larịị dochie lita mmiri ọsụsọ furu efu naanị na-ebelata ọkwa sodium ọbara, na-ebute hyponatremia metụtara mmega ahụ na-eyi ndụ egwu **

Ịlanarị mmiri mmiri-bọlb okpomọkụ yana eserese nrụbama strok

Jiri osisi mkpebi a iji jikwaa nrụgide iru mmiri na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ụlọ, n'ebe ọrụ, ma ọ bụ n'oge ọkụ ọkụ eletrik n'oge okpomọkụ.

flowchart TD
    Start["Oke iru mmiri ọkụ mberede: <br/> Wet-Bulb Temp (Twb) >= 28 C ruo 35 C (82 F ruo 95 F) <br/> ma ọ bụ Heat Index >= 41 C ruo 54+ C (105 F ruo 130+ F)"] --> Status{"Onwere onye nwere ọnọdụ uche agbanweela?<br/>( Mgbagwoju anya, Okwu efu, Delirium,<br/>Stumbling, Seizures, or Unconsciousness)"}

    Status -->|"EE: Okpomọkụ STROKE <br/>Okpomọkụ Isi> 40 C (104 F) <br/> Mberede na-eyi ndụ"| HeatStroke["PROTOCOL 'ỌJỤ MMADỤ MMA, BUGA ABỤỌ':<br/>1. Kpọọ 911/112/999 ozugbo <br/>2. Ogbugbu ruru n'olu n'ime mmiri oyi / Ice bath (2 C ruo 15 C) <br/>3. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị tub: Mepụta 'Taco Tarp' bath ma ọ bụ douse na-aga n'ihu na mmiri oyi + ngwugwu ice n'olu, ogwe aka, ukwu <br/>4. enyela aspirin/acetaminophen (abaghị uru & na-emebi imeju/akịrị)"]

    Status -->|"Mba: Onye na-amata<br/>Na-egbochi Core Rise enweghị ụgwọ"| PowerCheck{"Ị na-arụ ọrụ<br/>Ikuku ikuku?"}

    PowerCheck -->|"EE: AC ma ọ bụ Dehumidifier<br/> na-agba ọsọ"| WorkingAC["PROTOCOL KWESỊRỊ Ikuku:<br/>1. Tinye n'ime ime ụlọ 1 dị jụụ; tọọ AC ka ọ bụrụ 24 C-26 C (75 F-78 F) ma ọ bụ 'Dry/Dehumidify' mode<br/>2. Gbochie anyanwụ n'èzí windo (ihe mkpuchi/tarps/cardboard)<br/>3. Ejila oven kichin ma ọ bụ igwe nkụ n'oge okpomọkụ kacha elu<br/>4. Na-aṅụ mmiri + electrolyte nnu; lelee ndị agbata obi meworo agadi"]

    PowerCheck -->|"Mba: Grid Blackout ma ọ bụ Enweghị AC<br/> na oke iru mmiri"| Conductive["MGBE MMIRI NA-EKWU NDỊ MMADỤ (MGBE Ọsụsọ na-ada):<br/>1. Bugharịa gaa n'ala/ime ụlọ dị ala site na radieshon anyanwụ<br/>2. Jupụta mmiri ịsa ahụ dị jụụ (18 C-25 C / 64 F-77 F) <br/>3. Tinye anụ ahụ 15-20 mins kwa elekere ma ọ bụ tinye aka na ụkwụ n'ime bọket mmiri oyi<br/>4. Debe anụ ahụ na-agba mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji fan batrị (kwụsị fan ma ọ bụrụ ikuku> 38 C)"]

The physics na ụmụ mmadụ physiology nke \(35^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) na \(31^\circ\text{C}\) (\(88^\circ\text{F}\)) Wet-Bulb ókè

Iji ghọta ihe mere iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'akụkụ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ (dị ka ** Gulf of Mexico** coast, Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys, Persian Gulf, Indus and Ganges river basins in South Asia, Eastern China, and coastal West Africa) na-egbu egbu na obere temometa agụ karịa okpomọkụ ọzara akọrọ, ị ga-aghọta otú a psychrometer jikoro ($B_Wet-)

1. Akọrọ-Bulb vs. Wet-Bulb vs. Wet-Bulb Globe okpomọkụ (WBGT)

  • ** Okpomọkụ-Bulb (\(T_{db}\)):** Nke a bụ okpomọkụ ikuku nkịtị na-atụ site na temometa ọkọlọtọ echedoro site na anyanwụ. N'ime ikuku ọzara akọrọ ($ 10% $ ikwu iru mmiri), mmadụ nwere ike ịlanarị okpomọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ nke \(46^\circ\text{C}\) ($ 115 ^\circ\text{F}$) na ndò ma ọ bụrụhaala na ha na-aṅụ mmiri na nnu zuru ezu, n'ihi na ikuku akọrọ na-ekpochapụ ọsụsọ ozugbo, na-ebupụ ** 2,426 joules (calories 580 maka ọsụsọ ọ bụla).
  • ** Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb Temperature (\(T_{wb}\)):** A na-atụ ya site na ijichi bọlbụ temometa n'ime owu owu na-ekpo ọkụ na ịfụ ikuku gburugburu n'ofe ya. Ka mmiri na-esi na wick mmiri na-ekpochapụ, ọ na-eme ka temometa dị jụụ ruo mgbe ikuku ziri ezi megide wick ruru ** 100 percent iru mmiri.
  • Na 100% iru mmiri, ọ nweghị ike ikuku nwere ike ime, yabụ na ** Wet-Bulb Temperature hà nhata okpomoku kpọrọ nkụ (\(T_{wb} = T_{db}\))**.
  • Na \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) dry-bulb na 100% iru mmiri (ma ọ bụ otu, \(39^\circ\text{C}\) [\(102^\circ\text{F}\)] na 75% iru mmiri**, ma ọ bụ \(46^Crc\)text* [\(115^\circ\text{F}\)] na 50% iru mmiri**), okpomọkụ nke mmiri mmiri na-adaba \(35.0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95.0^\circ\text{F}\)).
  • ** Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT):** Ndị agha US, OSHA/NIOSH, na òtù ọgwụ egwuregwu mba ụwa ji. WBGT na-agwakọta ** 70% Wet-Bulb Okpomọkụ ** ( iru mmiri + ikuku), ** 20% Black Globe Okpomọkụ ** (ụzarị anyanwụ na-ekpo ọkụ sitere na asphalt na-ekpo ọkụ), yana ** 10% okpomoku ọkụ ọkụ **. Na ìhè anyanwụ kpọmkwem, ihe mberede WBGT na-egbu egbu na-apụta n'ogo dị iche iche karịa \(T_{wb}\).

2. Gịnị kpatara oke nlanarị mmadụ n'ezie bụ \(30.5^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(31.5^\circ\text{C}\) (\(87^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(89^\circ\text{F}\)) Wet-Bulb

N'afọ 2010, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ahụ maka ikuku Sherwood na Huber guzobere \(35.0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95.0^\circ\text{F}\)) wet-bulb dị ka oke thermodynamic kacha elu maka nlanarị mmadụ n'ihi na okpomọkụ mmadụ bụ \(37 ^\circ\text{C}\)$ 8 n'okpuru okpomọkụ. \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) iji jikwaa gradient okpomọkụ na-apụta.

Agbanyeghị, nnwale ụlọ gburugburu ebe mmadụ na-achịkwa akara ngosi nke Pennsylvania State University PSU HEAT Project (2022) na-eto eto, ahụike na ndị okenye nwere mmiri zuru oke gosiri na ** ezigbo physiology mmadụ na-ada nke ọma tupu usoro iwu \(35 ^ cir\text{C}\) physics limit**: - N'adịghị ka akwa owu nke ejiri temometa enyo enyo, akpụkpọ ahụ mmadụ nwere oke oke ọsụsọ ** (ihe dị ka 1.5 ruo 2.5 lita kwa elekere) ọ bụghịkwa ọsụsọ ọ bụla na-ekpochapụ nke ọma site na pores akpụkpọ ahụ. - N'ebe dị ọkụ, na-ekpo ọkụ, iru mmiri, ** nrụgide okpomọkụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ** (ebe ntụgharị ebe okpomọkụ ahụ na-amalite na-ebili n'enweghị nchịkwa ọbụna na nso nso-ezumike ọnụego metabolic) na-amalite n'ezie na ** Wet-Bulb Temperature of \(30.5^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(31.5^\circ\text{C}\)$ $86. \(88.7^\circ\text{F}\))** maka ndị na-eto eto nwere ahụike, yana dị ka \(26^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(79^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(82^\circ\text{F}\)) wet-bulb maka ndị toro eto nwere ọsụsọ na-ebute afọ 65.

Tebụlụ nleba anya nke Wet-Bulb (\(T_{wb}\)) na ọnụ ụzọ ihe egwu ụlọ ọgwụ

Jiri matriks ntụaka a ka ịchọta ihe dị ka ** Wet-Bulb Temperature (\(T_{wb}\))** sitere na akụkọ ihu igwe mpaghara gị ** ikuku okpomọkụ (akọrọ-Bulb)** na ** iru mmiri (%)**, yana mmetụta gbasara ahụ mmadụ.

Okpomọkụ ikuku (Bọlb kpọrọ nkụ) Iru mmiri dị ala: 40% Iru mmiri dị ala: 60% Iru mmiri dị ala: 80% Iru mmiri dị ala: 90% Steeti physiological n'ọkwa mmiri-bọlb dị elu
\(32^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(90^\circ\ederede{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = 21.8^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(71.2^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = 25.5^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(77.9^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{28.9^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{84.0^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{30.5^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{86.9^\circ\text{F}}\)) Na \(T_{wb} \ge 28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(82.4^\circ\text{F}\)): Ọrụ siri ike ga-akwụsị; Ndị okenye na ụmụ ọhụrụ na-abanye n'ihe egwu okpomọkụ na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ime ụlọ na-enweghị AC.
\(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = 24.3^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(75.7^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{28.3^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{82.9^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{31.8^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{89.2^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{33.4^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{92.1^\circ\text{F}}\)) ** CRITICAL EMPIRICAL LIMIT (\(T_{wb} \ge 31^\circ\text{C} / 88^\circ\text{F}\)):** Ndị na-eto eto na-ezu ike nke ọma enweghịzi ike ime ka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'isi site n'ịsacha naanị ya.
\(38^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(100^\circ\ederede{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = 26.8^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(80.2^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{31.0^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{87.8^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{34.7^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{94.5^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{36.4^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{97.5^\circ\text{F}}\)) ** IHE EGWU NDỤ ỤMỤ (\(T_{wb} \ge 33^\circ\text{C} / 91.4^\circ\text{F}\)):** Ọsụsọ na-atapụ n'akpụkpọ ahụ na-abaghị uru; ngwa ngwa isi okpomọkụ na-arịgo ruo \(40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(104^\circ\text{F}\)) ọrịa strok.
\(41^\circ\ederede{C}\) (\(106^\circ\ederede{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{29.3^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{84.7^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{33.7^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{92.7^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{37.6^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{99.7^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{39.3^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{102.7^\circ\text{F}}\)) IKWU OKWU BAỊBỤRỤ AHỤRỤ (\(T_{wb} \ge 35^\circ\text{C} / 95^\circ\text{F}\)): Ikuku na-enyefe okpomọkụ n'ime akpụkpọ mmiri; na-egbu egbu n'ime awa na-enweghị AC ma ọ bụ imi mmiri oyi.
\(44^\circ\text{C}\) (\(111^\circ\text{F}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{31.8^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{89.2^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{36.5^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{97.7^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{40.5^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{104.9^\circ\text{F}}\)) \(T_{wb} = \mathbf{42.3^\circ\text{C}}\) (\(\mathbf{108.1^\circ\text{F}}\)) Ebe ikpo ọkụ na-egbu egbu ozugbo maka ụmụ anụmanụ niile ekpughere na-enweghị igwe nju oyi na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ntugharị mmiri oyi.

Otu esi adị ndụ n'ime ụlọ mgbe grid eletrik daa n'oge okpomọkụ dị iru mmiri

Otu ọnọdụ kachasị njọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ihe mberede (dị ka FEMA, CDC, na ndị ọrụ nchekwa obodo Europe) buru amụma ya bụ ** ikuku okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkụ eletrik ọtụtụ ụbọchị (ma ọ bụ nkwụsị ọkụ ọkụ na-esote n'akụkụ ** Gulf of Mexico** coast or South Asia mgbe \(36^\circ\text{C}\)) jikọtara ya na \(36^\circ\text{C}\) 80% iru mmiri ebe ọtụtụ nde ụlọ nwere ọkụ eletrik efu maka ntụ oyi).

Mgbe iru mmiri dị elu gbochiri evaporation ma ị nweghị ntụ oyi, soro anọ ndị a *Conductive and Radiative Heat-Rejection Engineering Protocols:

1. Jiri mmiri mgbata nke obodo dị ka ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ (Ụzọ ịsa ahụ na imikpu ihu)

Ọbụlagodi mgbe okpomọkụ ikuku dị n'èzí ruru \(40^\circ\text{C}\) ($ 104\circ\text{F}\() na iru mmiri dị n'okpuru na-anọdụ na pasenti 85, a na-eli ọdụ mmiri nke obodo ** 1 ruo 2.5 mita (3.3 ruo 8 ụkwụ) n'okpuru ala **, ebe okpomọkụ ala na-anọ n'etiti **\)18\circ\text $ 6 $ ^C$ ^ (\(64^\circ\text{F}\) na \(79^\circ\text{F}\)). - N'ihi na mmiri mmiri nwere okpomọkụ conductivity roughly ** 25 ugboro elu karịa ikuku ** na volumetric okpomọkụ ikike ** 3,500 ugboro dị elu karịa ikuku , na-emikpu akpụkpọ gị na \(24^\circ\text{C}\) (\(75^\circ\text{F}\)) mmiri mgbata na-ewepụta okpomọkụ ozugbo n'ọbara gị site na ** dị ọcha thermal conduction site na-egbochi ụzọ ọsụsọ. - ** Otu esi eme nmikọ na-arụ ọrụ oge: 1. Jupụta mmiri ịsa ahụ dị mma site na 15 ruo 20 centimita (6 ruo 8 sentimita). (Enwere ike iji otu ngwucha bathtub mee ihe ugboro ugboro ruo awa n'ihi na \(25^\circ\text{C}\) mmiri na-anọgide \(12^\circ\text{C}\) [\(22^\circ\text{F}\)] oyi karịa \(37^\circ\text{C}\) [\(98.6^\circ\text{F}\)] ahụ mmadụ. 2. Kwa nkeji 45 ruo 60, ịgha ụgha ma ọ bụ nọdụ na mmiri dị jụụ maka 10 ruo 15 nkeji ** ruo me ahụ jụrụ gị nke ọma (obere tupu ịma jijiji amalite). 3. ** Ọ bụrụ na oke ngagharị ma ọ bụ ichekwa mmiri (The US Army Forearm & Foot Immersion Technique): Jiri mmiri dị jụụ jujuo efere plastik abụọ ma ọ bụ bọket 20-lita (5-galọn). Nọdụ ala n'oche wee banye n'ime mmiri abụọ ** aka na ọkpọ ruo n'ikpere ụkwụ ** na ma ụkwụ efu na nkwonkwo ụkwụ n'ime mmiri dị jụụ maka nkeji iri na ise. Nkwụ aka, ogwe aka, na ọbụ ụkwụ nwere nnukwu netwọkụ nke arịa ọbara pụrụ iche a na-akpọ ** arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs)** nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka radiators ndu, na-atụba isi okpomọkụ ozugbo n'ime bọket mmiri.

2. Kwụsị anyanwụ radiation tupu ọ gafere iko windo gị

Ozugbo ìhè anyanwụ na-agafe na windo iko n'ime ụlọ gị, ike anyanwụ dị mkpụmkpụ na-atụgharị ghọọ okpomọkụ infrared ogologo oge nke tọrọ n'ime ụlọ (** mmetụta griin haus ). Imechi ákwà mgbochi ime ụlọ na-akwụsị naanị pasent 20 ruo 30 nke okpomọkụ ahụ n'ihi na ákwà mgbochi ahụ n'onwe ya na-ekpo ọkụ ruo \(50^\circ\text{C}\) (\(122 ^circ\text{F}\)) n'ime ụlọ: - ** Kwuonụ tarp na-egbuke egbuke, akwa akwa na-acha ọcha, kaadiboodu, ma ọ bụ bọọdụ mkpuchi ụfụfụ n'èzí windo chere ihu na ndịda na ọdịda anyanwụ ** (ma ọ bụ teepu ** aluminom foil na-egbuke egbuke n'akụkụ-apụ / na-egosipụta Mylar lanarị blanket ozugbo megide iko). Ịgbochi ìhè anyanwụ n'elu elu na-ebelata uru okpomọkụ nke anyanwụ n'ime ụlọ enweghị ike site ** 75 ruo 85 pasent **.

3. Hapụ ụlọ elu ma hie ụra n'ọkwa kacha ala ma ọ bụ ala ala

Ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na nke iru mmiri na-ebili site na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, na-atụgharị ụlọ ime ụlọ nke abụọ na nke atọ n'okpuru ụlọ asphalt nke anwụ na-acha n'ime \(42^\circ\text{C}\) ($ 108\circ\text{F}\() ọnyà okpomọkụ ** nke na-adị egwu na-ekpo ọkụ ogologo abalị niile: - Bugharịa matraasi niile, ndị okenye, ụmụ ọhụrụ na anụ ụlọ n'ala ** ala ma ọ bụ okpuru ala **. - Ihe mgbochi okpuru ulo na kọntaktị na ụwa na 2 mita (6.5 feet) omimi dị nso **\)18\circ\text{C}$ ka \(22^\circ\text{C}\) (\(64^\circ\text{F}\) ka \(72^\circ\text{F}\)). N'ime ọnọdụ okpomọkụ iru mmiri na-eyi ndụ egwu na-enweghị ike, iwepụ akwa akwa na ịdina n'elu mpempe owu dị mkpa ozugbo na okpuru ulo dị jụụ ma ọ bụ tile nke ala na-eduzi okpomọkụ n'azụ gị n'abalị dum.

4. Soro WHO Electric Fan & Wet-Skin Iwu

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ihe na-akwado batrị ma ọ bụ igwe na-akwado anyanwụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ: - N'okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) kọlụm nkụ: Onye na-efe ofufe na-eme ka ọsụsọ na-ekupụ ọkụ site n'ikpochapụ oke ikuku nke na-arapara n'ahụ gị. - N'ebe oke iru mmiri ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ karịrị \(37^\circ\text{C}\) (\(99^\circ\text{F}\)): Ejila fan na akpụkpọ kpọrọ nkụ. Kama, debe nnukwu efere mmiri na akwa ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ karama na-efesa ** n'akụkụ oche gị yana ** na-aga n'ihu na ogbo mmiri n'ime obi gị, ogwe aka, ụkwụ, na olu gị ** ka onye fan na-efefe ihe nkiri mmiri mmiri.

Ọgwụ ndenye ọgwụ nke na-egbochi ọsụsọ ma kpalite ọrịa strok

Dị ka CDC na WHO si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụlọ ọgwụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme na ndị mmadụ na-ewere ndenye ọgwụ kwa ụbọchị ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị na-ere ahịa na-emerụ ahụ hypothalamic thermoregulation, na-egbochi mmepụta ọsụsọ ma ọ bụ belata ọbara ọgbụgba: - ** Anticholinergics and First-Generation Antihistamines** (dịka, diphenhydramine / Benadryl, oxybutynin maka eriri afo na-emebiga ihe ókè, benztropine): gbochie ndị na-anabata acetylcholine ozugbo na glands eccrine, ** na-emechi ikike ịsacha ọsụsọ. - ** Diuretics ("Mmiri mmiri") na ọgwụ nrụgide ọbara** (dịka, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, beta-blockers): Mbelata ogo ọbara achọrọ maka vasodilation anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mpụta oke obi n'oge nrụgide okpomọkụ. - ** Ọgwụ gbasara mmụọ na akwara ozi *** (dịka ọmụmaatụ, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, na ADHD stimulants dị ka amphetamines / methylphenidate): Gbanwee Central hypothalamic okpomọkụ set-isi ma ọ bụ na-abawanye n'ime metabolic okpomọkụ mmepụta. **Akwụsịla ịṅụ ọgwụ ọgwụ n'onwe gị **, ma ọ bụrụ na gị ma ọ bụ onye òtù ezinụlọ na-aṅụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ọgwụ ndị a, na-emeso Wet-Bulb Temperature of \(26^\circ\text{C}\) (\(79^\circ\text{F}\)) dị ka ahịrị uhie gị iji banye n'ime ntụ oyi ma ọ bụ bido mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ.

Enyemaka mbụ mberede maka Heat Stroke: "Cool First, Transport Second"

Mgbe okpomọkụ iru mmiri na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị n'ime mmadụ dị n'elu \(40.0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(104.0^\circ\text{F}\)), ihe mgbochi intestinal na-akụda (na-abanye endotoxins n'ime ọbara), mkpụkọ ọbara na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-adaba (** kesara*** coagulation nke akwara ozi), mgbakasị akwara akwara. (rhabdomyolysis), na edema ụbụrụ na-ebute ** mgbagwoju anya, omume jọgburu onwe ya, ọgụ ọgụ, okwu mkparị, ataxia (ịsụ ngọngọ), ọdịdọ, ma ọ bụ coma**.

Gịnị kpatara "akpụkpọ anụ" bụ akụkọ ifo dị ize ndụ na ọrịa strok iru mmiri

Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ enyemaka mbụ merela ochie na-ekwu na ndị ike gwụrụ okpomọkụ nwere akpụkpọ mmiri ebe ndị ọrịa strok na-ekpo ọkụ nwere "akpụkpọ ahụ dị ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ." Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ozara na mberede (ACSM, WMS, AHA) na-adọ aka na ntị na nke a bụ FALSE na ebili mmiri iru mmiri na ọrịa strok ọkụ: - Na okpomọkụ iru mmiri (\(T_{wb} \ ge 31^\circ\text{C}\) [\(88^\circ\text{F}\)]), onye na-ada ada site na egbu egbu \(41^\circ\text{C}\) (\(106^\circ\text{F}\)) strok na-fọrọ nke nta ka ** na-agbapụ mmiri n'ihi na ọsụsọ na-agbapụta mmiri ha na-agbapụta mgbe niile. banye n'ikuku iru mmiri . - Ezigbo ahịrị nkewa bụ Central Nervous System (ụbụrụ) ọrụ: Ọ bụrụ na onye oke ọkụ na-agbagwojuru anya, na-enwe nkụda mmụọ, okwu mkparị, ịsụ ngọngọ, mgbakasị ahụ / enweghị isi, ma ọ bụ amaghị ihe ọ bụla, ** ọ bụ Heat Stroke n'agbanyeghị ma akpụkpọ ahụ ya na-agba mmiri ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ kpọrọ nkụ*.

Usoro nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ "Cool First, Transport Second" protocol

Nkeji ọ bụla, isi ihe ndị nwụrụ anwụ na-anọgide karịa \(40.5^\circ\text{C}\) (\(105^\circ\text{F}\)) na-abawanye onwu yana mmebi ụbụrụ na-adịgide adịgide. Wilderness Medical Society na ACSM ụkpụrụ ntụzịaka nyere iwu ** wedata ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'okpuru \(39.0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(102.0^\circ\text{F}\)) n'ime nkeji iri atọ nke ọdịda**: 1. ** Kpọọ 911/112/999 ozugbo ma tinye onye na-ezipụ ya na igwe okwu. 2. ** Mezue imi mmiri oyi-mmiri nke ahụ dum (Ọkọlọtọ Njụjụ Ọlaedo: \(0.15^\circ\text{C}\) ruo \(0.25^\circ\text{C}\) [\(0.3^\circ\text{F}\) ruo \(0.45^\circ\text{F}\)] kwa nkeji):** - Yipụ uwe elu niile ruo na uwe ime. - Tinye onye ahụ n'ime ebe a na-asa ahụ , ọdọ mmiri ụmụaka, ebe a na-adọba anụ ụlọ, ma ọ bụ tarp mmiri na-adịghị ike nke mmadụ anọ na-ejide ("Taco Tarp Immersion Method") jupụtara na ** mmiri oyi na ice (\(2^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(15^\circ\text{C}\) ka \(15^\circ\text{C}\) [\(35^\circ\text{C}\) [\(35^\circ\text{9}\)]] isi ha na okporo ụzọ ikuku kwadoro n'elu mmiri. - ** Ghichaa mmiri na-aga n'ihu ** gburugburu akpụkpọ ahụ ha ka oyi akwa na-ekpo ọkụ ghara ịmalite. 3. ** Ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị tub ma ọ bụ tap dị (Conductive Dousing + Ice-Sheet Method):** - Debe onye ahụ n'ime ndò ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụlọ dị jụụ, na-ekpuchi ahụ ya dum na ** na-agba ọsọ n'ogige oyi ma ọ bụ ịsa ahụ **, na ngwugwu ** akpa ice ma ọ bụ akwa akwa mmiri oyi na-ekpuchi n'olu, ogwe aka, ukwu, na n'elu ahụ dum *, na-atụgharị akwa nhicha ọkụ maka ndị oyi ọhụrụ kwa nkeji abụọ. 4. ** Ya adịla mgbe ọ bụla enyela onye ọrịa strok okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ okpomọkụ bụ ọgwụ na-ebelata ahụ ọkụ (acetaminophen/paracetamol, ibuprofen, ma ọ bụ aspirin): Ọgwụ antipyretic anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla iji belata hyperthermia gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike ** nnukwu ọdịda imeju na nnukwu akụrụ akụrụ ** n'ime onye ọrịa na-enwe nkụda mmụọ.

Otu esi agwakọta WHO Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) nke arụrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ọsụsọ na-agba

Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ngwugwu electrolyte azụmahịa, ọsụsọ na-agbakwa gị ruo ọtụtụ awa n'ime oke iru mmiri, gwakọta nke a kpọmkwem ** Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) Oral Rehydration Solution ** iji gbochie hyponatremia na-egbu egbu: - ** 1 lita (iko 4.2 US / - 1 quart)** nke mmiri ọñụñụ dị ọcha - ** teaspoons ọkwa 6 ($ 25 ederede{gram}\()** nke shuga granulated na-acha ọcha (a chọrọ glucose maka eriri afọ sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 iji dọba sodium na mmiri n'ime ọbara gị) - ** 0.5 (otu ọkara) teaspoon nke ọkwa (\) 2.5 ederede {gram}$)** nke nnu tebụl mgbe niile (sodium chloride) - Mee ka ruo mgbe agbazere kpamkpam. (Ịdọ aka ná ntị: Detụ ihe ngwọta ya tupu ị ṅụọ mmanya; ọ gaghị atọ ụtọ nnu karịa anya mmiri nke mmadụ. Nnụnụ nke ukwuu na-akpata hypernatremia.)

Ndepụta nkwadebe ụlọ tupu ọkụ ọkụ

Mezue ndepụta a tupu oge ọkọchị iru mmiri kacha elu erute:

  • ** Zụrụ Psychrometer dijitalụ ma ọ bụ Temp/Humidity Hygrometer ($10 ruo $20) maka ọnụ ụlọ gị:** Igwe ọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ na-egosi naanị okpomọkụ ọkụ; Ịmara iru mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ gị na-enye gị ohere iji tebụl dị n'elu gbakọọ ezi okpomọkụ ime ụlọ.
  • ** Ogwe ndò mpụta nke mpụtachara nke ọma ma ọ bụ zụta tap na-egosipụta na-acha ọcha na paracord:** Kwadebe mkpuchi mgbochi anwụ na mpụga maka windo ndịda chere ihu na ọdịda anyanwụ tupu ọkụ ọkụ apụta.
  • ** Kpichie 10 ruo 20 lita abụọ (ọkara galọn) soda / karama mmiri siri ike n'ime obi gị ma ọ bụ friza kwụ ọtọ:** N'oge ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe mgbochi ice ndị ahụ na-echekwa nri ma na-eje ozi dị ka ngwugwu oyi na-echekwa ndụ nke ejiri akwa akwa akwa maka ndị ezinụlọ meworo agadi ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ike gwụrụ.
  • ** Oke WHO-ọkọlọtọ nke ọnụ rehydration nnu (ORS) n'ime gị ngwa enyemaka mbụ:** Debe opekata mpe ngwugwu electrolyte iri abụọ n'aka maka mwepu ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ ọtụtụ ụbọchị.
  • ** Chọpụta ebe nchekwa dị jụụ na mberede kacha nso ma hazie "Heat Check Buddy" maka ndị okenye: ** Gaa na (ọ bụghị naanị na ekwentị) ndị ikwu ma ọ bụ ndị agbata obi na-ebi naanị ha na-enweghị AC ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị n'oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, n'ihi na ọrịa strok oge mbụ na-akpata mgbagwoju anya nke na-egbochi ndị ọ metụtara ịmara na ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ; hụ Ndị okenye okenye atụmatụ mberede.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị

Kedu ihe kpatara ụbọchị \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) na 85% iru mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Mexico dị ize ndụ karịa \(45^\circ\text{C}\) (\(113^\circ\text{F}\)) ụbọchị na iru mmiri 10% n'ọzara Arizona? (Gulf of Mexico)

Ịlanarị mmadụ na oke okpomọkụ na-adabere na gradient nke uzuoku dị n'etiti akpụkpọ ahụ gị na ikuku gbara ya gburugburu, nke a na-atụle site na Wet-Bulb Temperature ($ T_{wb}$). N'ọzara Arizona na $45^\circ\text{C}$ ($113^\circ\text{F}$) na 10% iru mmiri iru mmiri, Wet-Bulb Temperature bụ naanị $22.5^\circ\text{C}$ ($72.5^\circ\text{F}$). N'ihi na ikuku ọzara na-akpọnwụ ọkpụkpụ, gram ọsụsọ ọ bụla nke ahụ gị na-ezo na-apụ n'ahụ gị ozugbo, na-ewepụ 2,426 joules nke okpomọkụ kwa gram ma mee ka akpụkpọ ahụ gị dị jụụ na nso $33^\circ\text{C}$ ($ 91 ^ circ\text{F}$) ma ọ bụrụhaala na ị na-aṅụ mmiri zuru ezu na electrolytes. N'aka nke ọzọ, n'ụsọ oké osimiri Gulf nke Mexico na $35^\circ\text{C}$ ($ 95 ^\circ\text{F}$) na 85% iru mmiri, Wet-Bulb Temperature bụ $32.6^\circ\text{C}$ ($90.7^\circ\text{F}$). N'ihi na ikuku eruolarị na mmiri, ọsụsọ apụghị ịpụ apụ; ọ na-awụpụ akpụkpọ ahụ gị na mmiri mmiri (nke na-eme ka ahụ gị dị jụụ site na ogo efu), na-ejide okpomọkụ nke 100-watt nke gị n'ime isi gị ruo mgbe ọrịa strok pụtara. (Gulf of Mexico)

Imikpu onye ọrịa strok na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime mmiri ịsa mmiri ice na-akpata "ujo," obi arrhythmias, ma ọ bụ vasoconstriction nke na-ejide okpomọkụ n'ime?

Ee e. Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, a nọgidere na-enwe nchegbu echiche na imikpu n'ime mmiri oyi pụrụ igbochi arịa ọbara akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ kpalite ịma jijiji nke na-ebelata oyi. Nnyocha ọmụmụ ụlọ ọgwụ buru ibu nke American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), ndị agha US, na ndị nchọpụta ọgwụ mberede na-enyocha ọtụtụ puku ikpe ọrịa strok na-ekpo ọkụ n'ezie egosila na imikpu mmiri oyi n'ahụ dum ($ 2 ^ circ\text {C}$ ka $ 15 ^ \ circ\text {C}$ [$ 35 ^ \ $ circ\text {F}$ na $59) bụ nke kacha mma. ọgwụgwọ kachasị dị irè n'ụwa, na-enweta ihe dị nso-100-pasent ịlanarị ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbe a malitere ozugbo ("Cool First, Transport Second"). Nnukwu okpomọkụ nke mmiri oyi na-ekpuchi obere vasoconstriction dị n'akụkụ ọ bụla ma na-agbada isi ụbụrụ na okpomọkụ obi okpukpu abụọ dị ka mkpọ ice ma ọ bụ ndị na-agba ọsọ.

Kedu ihe kpatara ọmụmụ ụlọ mmadụ nke Penn State nke 2022 ji wedata ọnụ ụzọ Wet-Bulb dị nchebe site na \(35^\circ\text{C}\) (\(95^\circ\text{F}\)) ruo \(31^\circ\text{C}\) (\(88^\circ\text{F}\))?

Ihe mbụ $35^\circ\text{C}$ ($95^\circ\text{F}$) wet-bulb ịgbakọ na 2010 lekwasịrị ahụ mmadụ dị ka ezigbo cylinder anụ ahụ nke kpuchiri na 100% mmiri akwa ákwà na-akparaghị ókè ọsụsọ na-akparaghị ókè ma kwe ka okpomọkụ akpụkpọ ahụ bilie ruo $35^\circ$text{C Mgbe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na Mahadum Pennsylvania State tinye n'ezie ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụike n'ime ụlọ ndị a na-achịkwa ihu igwe wee jiri ọgwụ telemetry were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were were na-agbapụta ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụike dị mma ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị nwere ahụike. N'ezie ụmụ mmadụ na-eme obere mmegharị kwa ụbọchị, okpomoku dị n'ime ahụ gbagoro n'enweghị njikwa na nkezi Wet-Bulb Okpomọkụ nke $30.5^\circ\text{C}$ ruo $31.5^\circ\text{C}$ ($87^\circ\text{F}$ ka $89^\circ\text{F}$) na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.

Enwere m ike ime ka ụlọ m dị jụụ n'oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ site na imepe ọnụ ụzọ friza ma ọ bụ kwụgidere akwa akwa n'ime ụlọ?

Emela nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị ahụ. Nke mbụ, ngwa nju oyi ma ọ bụ friza bụ mgbapụta ọkụ nke na-ebuga okpomọkụ site n'ime igbe a na-ekpo ọkụ gaa na mkpuchi na azụ ma ọ bụ ala nke ngwa ahụ; ịhapụ ọnụ ụzọ refrjiraeto emeghe n'ime kichin gị na-eme ka ọnụ ụlọ ahụ dị elu n'ihi na moto compressor eletrik na-emepụta okpomọkụ mkpofu ka ọ na-agbapụta otu okpomọkụ ahụ na gburugburu. Nke abụọ, ịkọba akwa akwa ma ọ bụ akwa mmiri mmiri n'ime ụlọ mechiri emechi n'oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebuli iru mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ ruo 90%, na-ebuli elu ime ụlọ Wet-Bulb Temperature UP ma na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ gị nwee ike ikpochapụ ọsụsọ. Kama, tinye mmiri dị jụụ ozugbo na akpụkpọ gị (ebe nnyefe okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọbara gị dị jụụ) kama ịwụpụ mmiri n'ime ikuku nke ime ụlọ.

enyochara isi mmalite

  • ** Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na World Meteorological Organisation (WMO):** * Okpomọkụ na ahụike: Nduzi na mmepe usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị, ndị na-anụ ọkụ eletrik na-eji ọnụ ụzọ, na ụkpụrụ rehydration nke ọnụ*.
  • Pennsylvania State University (PSU HEAT Project / Vecellio et al., Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022): Na-enyocha \(35^\circ\ ederede{C}\) Wet-Bulb Temperature Adaptability Threshold for Young, Healthy Subjects (\(30.5{Crc\)) \(31.5^\circ\ederede{C}\) Oke Oke).
  • ** National Institute for Safety and Health Ọrụ (NIOSH / CDC, United States):** Ụkpụrụ maka ọkọlọtọ akwadoro: Ngosipụta ọrụ na okpomọkụ na gburugburu ọkụ (WBGT ọrụ-oke izu ike na hydration).
  • ** American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) na Wilderness Medical Society (WMS):** Nkwupụta nkwenye na ntuziaka omume ụlọ ọgwụ maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke mgbatị ahụ na kpochapụ okpomọkụ ("Cool First, Transport nke abụọ" imikpu mmiri oyi).
  • ** Ọrụ Ihuigwe Mba United States (NWS / NOAA):** Mmụba okpomọkụ Wet-Bulb Globe (WBGT), Index Heat vs. Wet-Bulb Physics, na Oke Okpomọkụ Safety.

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