Ntu oyi dị n'okpuru ala agbatịla ogologo oge, ịta nri ice-Crusted (Dzud), na mwepu oyi n'ime ime obodo.¶

Igwe oyi na-atụ ogologo oge na-ejikọta ya na ice a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'elu snowpack (nke mba Mongolian maara nke ọma dzud, na n'ofe North America na n'ebe ugwu Eurasia dị ka ** ice-mkpọchi oyi ** ma ọ bụ ** gbatịa arctic ogologo oge **) bụ ihe mberede ọtụtụ izu ebe okpomọkụ ikuku na-anọgide na ma ọ bụ n'okpuru -30 degrees Celsius (-22 Celsius) degrees Celsius (-22 Celsius). Fahrenheit) mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-ezo, n'etiti oge oyi na-eme ka cycles refrize, ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo miri emi na-eli odida obodo. N'adịghị ka blizzard dị mkpụmkpụ, mkpọchi arctic ogologo oge na-egbochi ikpo ọkụ ime obodo na usoro njem na usoro mgbanwe mgbanwe anụ ahụ: mmiri mmiri propane na-akwụsị vaporizing n'ime tankị dị na -42 Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit), mmanụ dizel na-adịghị agwọta #2 na mmanụ ọkụ na-esiwanye ike n'ime paraffin wax gels nke na-agbanye ihe nzacha, gravel na-emeghe n'elu ice na-emepe emepe. 1 mita (3.3 ụkwụ) gbara ọkpụrụkpụ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede ahụike ma ọ bụ kpo oku mere n'oge ịnọpụrụ iche n'ime ime obodo, kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara gị (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom) ma ọ bụ lelee akwụkwọ ndekọ aha anyị. nọmba mberede. Maka nlekọta mkpughe oyi siri ike, gụọ polar vortex, ntiwapụ nke arctic, na ịlanarị oyi oyi, nyochaa oké ifufe oyi na blizzards, ma jikere maka ọnwụ visibiliti na ebili mmiri nke ala, na-afụ snow ọcha, na ahịrị nchekwa.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. ** Gwakọta ndị niile bi n'ụlọ n'otu ọnụ ụlọ nke chere ihu na ndịda ma chọpụta ihe nchọpụta carbon monoxide.** Mgbe okpomọkụ dị n'èzí na-anọ n'okpuru -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) ruo izu, kpo oku ụlọ ọrụ ugbo dum na-ekpochapụ mmanụ ọkụ ngwa ngwa. Kpee akwa akwa akwa ma ọ bụ tarp dị arọ n'ofe ọnụ ụzọ iji mechie ọnụ ụlọ ndị a na-ejighị ya, ihe ọkụ ọkụ dị ala n'ime nku a wụsara, ma nwalee mkpuchi carbon monoxide na-enweta batrị tupu ọkụ ọ bụla osisi, coal, ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ.
2. ** Kpochie ozu tankị propane ma kechie ihe nzacha mmanụ mmanụ nke mpụga tupu okpomọkụ eruo -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit). Ghichaa snow na ikuku na-achịkwa, snow na-ekpuchi ụlọ akụ n'akụkụ akụkụ ala nke tank (ma ọ bụ jiri akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi propane nke UL edepụtara), na etinyela ọkụ na-emeghe ma ọ bụ mmiri esi na tank ma ọ bụ gas.
3. ** Na-emeso traktọ mmanụ dizel niile, gwongworo, ndị na-emepụta ọkụ, na tankị mmanụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'èzí na ihe mgbochi gel oyi-asọ oyi na ngwakọta oyi nke #1 kerosene. Debe ihe nzacha mmanụ ọkụ na mmanụ dizel re-liquefier n'ime ụlọ gị na-ekpo ọkụ iji kpochapụ ihe nzacha traktọ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'oge ihe mberede nri anụ ụlọ.
4. ** Rịgharịa eriri nchekwa nchekwa 10-millimita (0.375-inch) na-adịgide adịgide n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ, ebe nkụ, tankị mmanụ, na ọba.** Usoro nrụgide dị ogologo nke arctic na-emepụta blizzards ala mberede na ikuku mmiri na-ebugharị abalị. Ya adịla mgbe ị ga-aga n'ọba ma ọ bụ tankị ngwaahịa na -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit) na-enweghị eriri ntuziaka edoziri, enyo ski, balaclava, na oge nlele gị na onye nọ n'ime ụlọ.
5. ** Njiji na ọkụ ọkụ anụ ụlọ na-aṅụ olulu mmiri ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị na-eji a shoreline ịkpụ na insulated floating cover.** Anụ ụlọ na-anwụ n'ihi akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na mmetụta colic ụbọchị tupu agụụ n'oge a ice-mkpọchi ifriizi n'ihi na iri akọrọ hay na-enweghị mmiri mmiri mmiri na-akpata na-egbu egbu rumen impaction. Ekwela ka ụmụ anụmanụ na-aga n'elu ọdọ mmiri jụrụ oyi ka ha ṅụọ n'otu oghere etiti; gbutuo ebe ịsa mmiri ma ọ bụ oghere dị n'ikpere mmiri gbachiri agbachi site n'ụkwụ ụlọ akụ siri ike wee wepụsịa mkpụkọ ice niile gbuturu tupu oghere ahụ emegharịa.
6. ** Ọ na-agbaji glazed ice crusts n'ebe ịta nri oyi ma na-ebuga ìgwè ehi n'ime ebe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ.** Mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ okirikiri oyi na-agbaze na-emepụta ice jikọrọ ọnụ nke dị sentimita 2 ruo 5 (0.8 ruo 2-inch) n'elu snow, ịnyịnya, ehi, atụrụ, na ewu na-agbaji ụkwụ ha dị ala na-agbalị ịbanye n'ime oghere. Kpochie anụmanụ n'azụ ngere ikuku nke dị pasent 20, na-eri ahịhịa ahịhịa ogologo oge n'ehihie ka ịgbara mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'etiti abalị, na ala oyi kpọnwụrụ nke nwere 30 centimeters (inch 12) nke ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ.

Osisi mkpebi: ịnọpụ iche n'ime ime obodo na dzud anụ ụlọ¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Ifriizi Subzero agbatị ogologo / Dzud Mberede: Oge okpomọkụ <= -30 C (-22 F) ruo -45 C (-49 F) + Ice Crust ma ọ bụ Snow miri emi"] --> Sector{"Kedu usoro dị oke egwu na-ada?"}

    Sector -->|"1. Ịkpọ oku n'ụlọ & Mkpọchi mmanụ ụgbọala: Ọkụ ọkụ na-apụ ma ọ bụ nrụgide gas na-adịghị ike"| FuelCheck{"Kedu mmanụ ọkụ ụlọ na-eji?"}

    FuelCheck -->|"Tank nke Propane (LPG)."| PropaneFix["PROPANE VAPOR-LOCK PROTOCOL: 1. Lelee ihe nlele tank: ma ọ bụrụ na <30% na -35 C (-31 F), nrụgide vapor na-ada n'okpuru 70 kPa (10 psi) 2. Gbanyụọ ngwa gas na-adịghị mkpa iji belata vaporization ịbịaru ọnụego 3. Kpochapụ hoarfrost site na mmiri ọkụ na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ala n'okpuru 70 kPa (10 psi). regulator)"]

    FuelCheck -->|"Mmanụ na-ekpo ọkụ (#2 Mmanụ mmanụ) ma ọ bụ Diesel"| OilFix["WAX GELLING & PROTOCOL PROTOCOL: 1. Nyochaa nnukwu efere nzacha n'èzí na ahịrị maka paraffin sludge 2. Ụlọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na eriri na-eji teepu ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ akwa mmiri ọkụ (enweghị ọkụ) 3. Dochie plugged spin-on fuel filter and tinye mmanụ de-icer 4. Gwakọta 30% na 50% n'ime tank #1 Kerosene"]

    Sector -->|"2. Mmiri anụ ụlọ & Mkpọchi Ahịhịa: Ice Crust (Dzud) + Tankị ngwaahịa oyi kpọnwụrụ"| HerdCheck{"Gịnị bụ isi ihe iyi egwu nke ìgwè ehi?"}

    HerdCheck -->|"Isi mmalite mmiri oyi"| WaterFix["Anụ anụ ụlọ hydration TRIAGE: 1. Ekwela ka anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya banye n'elu ọdọ mmiri ice 2. Gbanyụọ ọdọ mmiri akpụrụ mmiri ma gbutuo oghere mmiri dị n'akụkụ ọnụ mmiri 3. Wepụ ihe niile a kpụrụ akpụ ozugbo ma tinye mkpuchi n'elu mmiri 4. Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu 4 C (40 F) mgbe enwere ike."]

    HerdCheck -->|"Ice jikọrọ ọnụ / agụụ / ifufe oyi"| FeedFix["DZUD SHELTER & METABOLIC nri: 1. Bugharịa ìgwè ehi n'ime 20% -porosity windbreak ndo ma ọ bụ akwa akwa atọ wụsara 2. Kwụsị anụmanụ si pawing sharp ice jikọrọ ọnụ 3. Mmụba ogologo-stem hay ration site 1% kwa ogo C n'okpuru ala oké egwu temp 4. Nye nri hay kacha arọ na 16:11."]

    Sector -->|"3. Ngwọta ahụike mmadụ ma ọ bụ nsonye: okporo ụzọ akpọchiri ruo izu"| IsolationFix["Ịlanahụ ime obodo: 1. Ọ dịghị mgbe anwa anwa solo ịkwọ ụgbọala na gelled ugbo ala na -40 C (-40 F) 2. Ration kpo oku mmanụ site na-ebugharị ndụ na ihi ụra n'ime 1 ime ụlọ + ime ụlọ 3. Mepụta ugboro abụọ-ụbọchị redio ma ọ bụ satịlaịtị nlele 4. Rịọ medevac mberede ma ọ bụ nnyefe hay site na izipu"]

Ịghọta meteorology na physics nke dzud na mgbachi subzero ogologo oge¶

N'ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, oké ifufe oyi na-adịru otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ atọ tupu ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ eweghachite okpomọkụ. N'ime ime ụlọ nke kọntinent, steepụ dị elu, mmiri mmiri intermountain, na mbara ala arctic (dị ka Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Canadian Prairies, ime Alaska, ugwu United States Great Plains, na Scandinavian laplands), na-adịgide adịgide **Siberian High ** ma ọ bụ ** Arctic anticyclone ** nwere ike igbachi oke ikuku. Ụbọchị 90 n'usoro.

Mgbe oyi na-atụ ogologo oge na-esochi usoro ihu igwe, ndị ọkà mmụta meteorologists na ụlọ ọrụ ọdachi na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-ahazi ihe omume ahụ site na iji ụdị dzud nke mba ụwa nke World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) na Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) nke United Nations ghọtara:

Mgbochi na idozi mkpọchi mmanụ ala efu: propane, mmanụ ọkụ, na mmanụ dizel¶

Oge kachasị dị ize ndụ maka ezinụlọ ime obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ n'oge -40 Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit) mkpọchi arctic bụ mgbe ọkụ etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ihe ndabere na-anwụ na mberede, ọ bụghị n'ihi na mmanụ ọkụ ahụ tọgbọ chakoo, kama n'ihi na mmanụ ahụ erutela oke njedebe anụ ahụ.

1. Propane (LPG) mkpuchi vapor tank na -42 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit)¶

Mmiri mmanụ ala (HD-5 propane azụmahịa) na-anọdụ n'ime tankị nchara dị n'èzí dị ka mmiri na-esi esi n'okpuru uzuoku gas. Mgbe ọkụ ime ụlọ na-agbanye, ọ na-adọta vepo n'elu; Mbelata nrụgide a na-eme ka mmiri mmiri propane dị na ala ka obụpde ma mejupụta vepo. - ** Ogo -42.2 Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit) Mgbidi ebe a na-esi esi: *** Na nrụgide ikuku, mmiri mmiri propane na-esi na ** -42.2 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit) ***. Na ** 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) ***, nrụgide tank bụ ihe dị ka ** 860 kilopascals (125 psi) *; na ** -18 Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit), ọ na-adaba na 193 kilopascals (28 psi); na -35 Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) ***, ọ dara na ** 55 kilopascals (8 psi) ***, na-ezuruke iji mee nhazi ọkwa abụọ; na na **-42.2 degreeselsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit), nrụgide nlele na-akụta ** 0 kilopascals (0 psi) ya mere gas efu na-asọpụta ọbụlagodi na tank ahụ jupụtara pasent 80. - ** Igwe nju oyi n'ime tankị dị ala: *** Mmiri mmiri na-esi nri propane na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ latent site na mgbidi ígwè nke tank. Ọ bụrụ na tank dị n'okpuru pasent 25 zuru ezu, ọ dị ntakịrị nchara nchara nchara iji nweta okpomọkụ n'èzí, na-eme ka mmiri dị n'okpuru -42 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit) ọbụna mgbe ikuku dị n'èzí bụ -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit).

Omume mberede nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ iji weghachi eruba propane:¶

1. ** Belata ibu vaporization BTU:** Gbanyụọ ngwa gas nke abụọ (ihe ọkụ mmiri, igwe nkụ, igwe na-adọba ụgbọala) na okirikiri naanị otu ọkụ ọkụ n'otu oge.
2. **Snow dị ọcha nke ụlọ akụ dị n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ ala nke tank: ** Ikpokọta snow na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ akụkụ ala nke tank ahụ na-egbochi nchara site na ntụ oyi abalị. Eliela dome, valve shutoff, ma ọ bụ onye na-achịkwa n'okpuru snow, ma mee ka ikuku iku ume na-eche ihu ihu na-ehicha ya ka ọ dị ọcha.
3. ** Gwa onye na-ahụ maka oyi kpọnwụrụ n'enweghị nsogbu: *** Kechie onye na-ahụ maka oyi kpọnwụrụ n'ime akwa nhicha wee wụsa mmiri ọkụ (ogo 40 ruo 50 Celsius [104 ruo 122 degrees Fahrenheit]) n'elu ya, ma ọ bụ jiri akwa mkpuchi mkpuchi propane depụtara UL. Ejila ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ mepere emepe.

2. Diesel na #2 kpo oku paraffin wax gelling¶

Ọkọlọtọ #2 diesel na mmanụ ọkụ ụlọ #2 nwere paraffin hydrocarbons nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ platelet wax mgbe oyi na-atụ. Na ** Cloud Point (-9 ruo -12 degrees Celsius [15 ruo 10 degrees Fahrenheit]), kristal wax na-eme ka igwe ojii na-eme ka mmanụ ahụ jupụta na ihe nzacha akwụkwọ; na ** Gel Point (-15 ruo -18 degrees Celsius [5 ruo 0 degrees Fahrenheit]), mmanụ ọkụ #2 na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa na-esi ike n'ime ahịrị ọla kọpa.

Omume mberede nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ maka mmanụ ọkụ gelled:¶

1. ** Mgbochi oyi tupu oyi kpọnwụrụ: ** Ngwakọta #1 Diesel ma ọ bụ # 1 Kerosene (K-1) n'ime tankị mmanụ ọkụ #2 (ngwakọta 50/50 na-agbada ruo -35 degrees Celsius [-31 degrees Fahrenheit), na 100 pasent #1 kerosene na-aga na -42 degrees Celsius [-44] Fahrenheit. Tinye ** Mmụba Flow Oyi (Anti-Gel)** mgbe mmanụ ọkụ ka na-ekpo ọkụ karịa -5 degrees Celsius (ogo Fahrenheit 23).
2. ** Mwepụ ihe mberede na -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit):** Ya adịla mgbe ị na-amanye igwe mmanụ dizel gelled ugboro ugboro. Dochie ihe nzacha mmanụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ jupụtara n'ọkara na ** 50% #1 kerosene na 50% Diesel Wax Re-Liquefier **, wụsa wax re-liquefier na ọkụ #1 kerosene n'ime tank, ma ụlọikwuu ụlọ nzacha na tap na teepu ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ igwe nkụ ntutu maka nkeji 30.

Ịdịnarị anụ ụlọ n'oge dzud: nri nri, ikuku ikuku, na ịcha mmiri¶

N'oge ihe omume subzero ogologo oge na dzuds nke ice juru, anụ ụlọ na-ala n'iyi mgbe ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa karịa tract digestive ha nwere ike ịmị nri nri, ma ọ bụ mgbe enweghị mmiri mmiri na-akwụsị ịgba ụka.

1. Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) na nri metabolic¶

Ehi ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya tozuru etozu nwere uwe oyi kpọrọ nkụ nwere ** Low Critical Temperature (LCT)** nke -7 ruo -13 degrees Celsius (19 ruo 9 degrees Fahrenheit) (na-ebili ruo +15 degrees Celsius [59 degrees Fahrenheit] ma ọ bụrụ na uwe ahụ dị mmiri). 1. ** Iwu 1-Percent-Per-Degree Hay:** Mụbaa nri mgbari ike site na *1 pasent maka ogo Celsius 1 ọ bụla (n'ogo Fahrenheit 2) nke ikuku oyi na-ada n'okpuru LCT anụmanụ. Na -40 Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), ehi kpọrọ nkụ chọrọ ** pasent 30 karịa nri nri kwa ụbọchị . 2. ** Na-eri nri ogologo ahihia, ọ bụghị spikes ọka na mberede: Ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na ịnyịnya na-emepụta okpomọkụ site na microbial fermentation nke cellulose fiber (hay)**. Ugboro abụọ nke mkpụrụ osisi na-akpata na-akpata lactic acidosis na-egbu egbu na bloat; kama, nye ahihia n'efu na ahihia alfalfa. 3. ** Na-eri nri ahia kacha sie ike n'etiti 16:00 na 18:00: Rumen fermentation okpomoku kacha elu ** 4 ruo 8 awa mgbe ị risịrị nri ***, na-adakọ ọnụ ahịa okpomọkụ dị n'ime ya na etiti abalị ruo n'ụtụtụ.

2. Nchekwa subzero anụ ụlọ atọ protocol¶

Ekwela ka ehi ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya gbaba n'elu ọdọ mmiri jụrụ oyi n'akụkụ oghere etiti, nke na-agbajikwa shelf ice ma mee ka mmiri na-eri. 1. ** Gbanyụọ ọdọ mmiri ndị oyi kpọnwụrụ *** wee gbutuo oghere dị n'ikpere mmiri naanị ebe ụkwụ na-adabere na ala gravel siri ike, na-eji okporo osisi na-amachi ịnweta anụmanụ 2 ma ọ bụ 3 n'otu oge. 2. ** Gbasaa ntụ osisi, ájá, ma ọ bụ ahịhịa ahịhịa ** gafee ebe a na-anọ n'akụkụ mmiri oyi ka ụmụ anụmanụ ghara ịdaba ma kewaa pelvis ha. 3. ** Wepụ ihe niile a kpụrụ akpụ n'ime oghere ozugbo *** ka slush anaghị amịpụta refrizing ngwa ngwa, ma jiri mkpuchi osisi sere n'elu kpuchie pasent 80 nke oghere ahụ.

3. Igwe ikuku nke injinia na nchekwa nwa ọhụrụ¶

Jiri ** 20 percent porosity *** (boọdụ 15-centimeter [6-inch] nwere oghere 3.8-inch (1.5-inch) iji belata ọsọ ikuku site na pasent 75 gafee mpaghara leeward ugboro iri n'ịdị elu ngere na-enweghị atụfusịa snowdrift n'ime ìgwè ehi. Ala kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ nke nwere ** 30 centimita (inch 12) nke ahịhịa akọrọ ** iji gbochie scrotal frostbite na oke ehi na udder frostbite n'ime ehi, na ụmụ ehi akọrọ akọrọ n'ime ụlọ tupu a na-eri nri (38 degrees Celsius) colostrum n'ime awa 2 ka a mụrụ ya.

4. Ịgbochi ọdịda ngwaike na mgbawa ahịrị hydraulic na -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit)¶

Mgbe ị na-eji ihe ebu n'ihu na-azụ anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ na-ekpochapụ egwu ịnweta ebe a na-azụ anụ n'oge oyi dị omimi, ihe eji arụ ọrụ na hydraulic ọkọlọtọ na-aghọ kenkuwa: - ** Usoro ikpo ọkụ hydraulic:** Na -40 Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), mmiri mmiri hydraulic oyi nwere viscosity nke molasses oyi. Na-etinye aka na hydraulic loader ogwe aka ma ọ bụ onye na-eduzi ike ozugbo ịmalitere traktọ na-eme ka mgbapụta hydraulic na-agbapụ ma na-afụ ụfụ rọba dị elu. Mee ka traktọ ahụ nọrọ n'ọrụ na 1,000 ruo 1,200 RPM maka ** 15 ruo 20 nkeji ** wee gbaa okirikiri nke hydraulic cylinder nke ọ bụla nwayọ na-enweghị ibu iji kesaa mmiri ọkụ tupu ebuli elu hay bales. - ** Igwe nchara nchara dị elu: ** N'okpuru -30 Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit), carbon steel hitch pins, log chains, na loader bale spears na-efunahụ mmetụta siri ike (** ductile-to-brittle transformation**). Ya adịla mgbe ọ bụla ị ga-adọba ụdọ ígwè kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma ọ bụ tụba ube bale dị arọ n'ala oyi kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, n'ihi na ígwè ahụ nwere ike ịfe dị ka ígwè nkedo wee malite iberibe ígwè n'ebe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị.

Ịlanarị mwepu mmadụ na-ewe ọtụtụ izu n'ime ụlọ ime obodo efu¶

Mgbe a na-ebugharị okporo ụzọ ime obodo n'okpuru mita 2 (ụkwụ 6.5) nke snow siri ike na okpomọkụ na-anọdụ na -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), ọrụ mberede, gwongworo mmanụ ụgbọala, na ndị ọrụ na-arụzi ọrụ nwere ike ọ gaghị erute ebe obibi dịpụrụ adịpụ ruo izu abụọ ruo anọ.

1. Ịmepụta obere ihu igwe dị n'ime ụlọ ("Ụlọ-N'ime-ime ụlọ")¶

Ọ bụrụ na sistemụ kpo oku gị dara ada ma ọ bụ nchekwa mmanụ daa n'okpuru 25%: 1. Họrọ otu obere ime ụlọ (ma ọ bụ obere ọnụ ụlọ nke nwere stovu na-ere ọkụ) nke dị n'elu ala dịpụrụ adịpụ site na mgbidi ikuku. 2. Mkpọ iko iko ma ọ bụ ntu ntu n'elu windo mpụta wee kpọgidere ** akwa akwa abụọ nke ajị anụ, akpa ihi ụra, ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi afụ ** n'elu iko ahụ, na-emechi ọnụ ala na windo sill ka ọ kwụsị ịgbada ala. 3. Tụnye ụlọ ntu ** 3-oge ma ọ bụ oge anọ ** n'elu akwa akwa ma ọ bụ akwa akwa n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Mmadụ anọ na-ehi ụra n'ime obere ụlọikwuu nylon dome nke a na-agbanye n'ime ụlọ a na-adịghị ekpo ọkụ nwere ike idowe ikuku n'ime ụlọ ntu na **+12 degrees Celsius ruo +18 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit na 64 degrees Fahrenheit) ** na-eji ahụ ọkụ naanị, ọbụna mgbe ndị ọzọ nke ụlọ dara n'okpuru oyi.

2. Drining plumbing vs idebe ọkpọkọ ndụ¶

Na -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), ọkpọkọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime mgbidi dị n'èzí na-ekpo ọkụ ma gbawaa n'ime awa 2 ruo 4 **, na-ekpuchi ụlọ ahụ na ice mgbe agbazere. - ** Ọ bụrụ na ị ka nwere okpomọkụ na ike / mmiri nrụgide: *** Mepee ọnụ ụzọ kichin na ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'okpuru ebe ikuku ikuku na-erute na paịpụ mgbidi, ma hapụ ma mmiri ọkụ na oyi na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-agba ọsọ ** pensụl na-eduga na mmiri ** (mmiri na-ebugharị na-ebu okpomọkụ sitere na ala dị omimi ma na-eguzogide oyi). - ** Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ gị daa kpamkpam: ** Echela ka ọkpọkọ gbawa. ** Gbanyụọ valvụ mmiri nke isi ụlọ ** n'okpuru ahịrị ntu oyi (ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ọkpọ mmiri nke ọma), mepee faucet ọ bụla n'elu ala kachasị elu na nke dị ala ka ikuku banye, gbapuo oghere okpuru ulo, kpochapu tankị mmiri ọkụ, kpochaa ụlọ mposi ọ bụla iji kpofuo tank ahụ, wee wụsa ** pink RV propylene glycol antifreeze ** n'ime sink ọ bụla P-ọnyà, ọnyà mmiri na-adịghị akwụsị, ụlọ mposi na ọnyà adịghị. poselin ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo. Maka usoro mgbake ọkpọkọ zuru oke, hụ anyị ọkpọkọ oyi kpọnwụrụ ntụzịaka mberede na ọ dịghị okpomọkụ ndu oyi.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ¶

N'oge ọdachi subzero ogologo oge yana mkpọchi akpụrụ akpụ, kpọtụrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike mberede na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ nchekwa obodo gị:

• United States: Kpọọ 911 maka ihe mberede kpo oku ahụike ma ọ bụ nchekwa ndụ. Maka enyemaka nri anụ ụlọ mberede yana nkwupụta ọdachi, kpọtụrụ mpaghara gị ** Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mberede (EMA)** na ** USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA)** (nke na-ahụ maka Mmemme Indemnity anụ ụlọ na Enyemaka Mberede maka anụ ụlọ). Nyochaa ** Ọrụ ihu igwe mba (NWS)** ịdọ aka ná ntị oyi dị oke egwu (weather.gov).
• Canada: Kpọọ 911 maka ndị uwe ojii, ọkụ na nnapụta paramedic. Nyochaa Gburugburugburugburu Ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe Canada (ECCC) ịdọ aka ná ntị oyi dị oke egwu. Obodo ime obodo na ministri ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara na-ahazi njem nri oyi ihe mberede na ntinye ihe nrịbama snow maka ibuga ọgwụ na mmanụ ọkụ.
• ** United Kingdom: ** Kpọọ ** 999**********************************112 maka ihe mberede, ma ọ bụ 105 iji kọọ mkpụcha ọkụ (ụlọ ime obodo na-adịghị ike nwere ike ịdebanye aha na *Ndebanye aha Ọrụ mbụ). N'oge mkpọchi snow nke ugwu, ** Defra *, ** Ọchịchị Scottish ** na ** National Farmers' Union (NFU) na-ahazi ịnweta nri nri mberede.
• ** European Union na Nordic Mba:** Kpọọ 112 gafee mba ndị otu EU, Norway na Iceland. Na Sweden (MSB), Finland (** Pelastustoimi**), Norway (** DSB**), na Iceland (** Almannavarnir**), ndị ọrụ nchekwa obodo na-ahazi nchụpụ ahụike ụgbọ ala snow na mbupụ mmanụ ọkụ mberede.
• Mongolia, Central Asia, na Asia-Pacific: Na Mongolia, kpọọ 101/105 maka National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), nke na-ahazi nzaghachi dzud mba, ebe ịta nri oyi, yana ** Red Cross / FAO** nkesa nri nri. Na China, kpọọ 110/119/120; na Japan, kpọọ 119; n'Australia na New Zealand, kpọọ 000 (Australia) ma ọ bụ 111 (New Zealand) wee hazie ọdịmma ngwaahịa mba dị elu site na Federated Farmers NZ ma ọ bụ ngalaba steeti nke Primary Industries.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Kedu ihe kpatara -40 Celsius ji nhata -40 degrees Fahrenheit, gịnịkwa kpatara usoro igwe na-ada ada n'oge ahụ?¶

Igwe ọkụ Celsius na Fahrenheit na-agbakọta na -40 degrees n'ihi usoro ntụgharị ahịrị. E wezụga mgbakọ na mwepụ ahụ, -40 degrees bụ nkwụsị nke ọdịda anụ ahụ maka akụrụngwa ime obodo: HD-5 propane azụmahịa na-erute ebe mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ na -42.2 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit) ma na-efunahụ nrụgide tank, ọkọlọtọ nitrile roba O-mgbanaka na hydraulic hoses na-enweta mgbanwe iko na mgbawa mgbe ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka mmanụ ụgbọala na-efunahụ pasent 7, na-efunahụ mmanụ ọkụ. ha crank mmepụta.

Enwere m ike ịwụsa mmanya na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala n'ime traktọ mmanụ dizel ma ọ bụ mmanụ ọkụ iji kwụsị gelling na -40 degrees?¶

Awụsala mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu ụlọ n'ime igwe mmanụ dizel ọgbara ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ tank mmanụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Mmanụ aṅụ na-eweda ebe ọkụ diesel na-agbawa n'ọkwa mgbawa ma na-emebi nfuli nfuli mmanụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-enwe nrụgide, ebe mmanya na-akpata nkewa nke oge ma na-emebi injectors. Naanị gwakọta mmanụ ọkụ #1 ma ọ bụ mmanụ dizel #1 ma jiri mmanụ dizel ahịa na-enweghị mmanya na-aba n'anya na-emeziwanye ihe na ihe na-aṅụ mmanya.

Kedu snow ka ọ na-ewe iji gbazee 1 lita (1 quart) nke mmiri ọñụñụ ma ọ bụrụ na olulu mmiri kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ?¶

Snow ntụ ntụ nwere oke mmiri na mmiri nke 10: 1 ruo 15: 1, nke pụtara na ị ga-agbaze 10 ruo 15 lita (2.6 ruo 4 galọn) nke snow rụrụ arụ iji mepụta 1 liter (1 quart) mmiri. Ịtinye snow kpọrọ nkụ ozugbo n'ime ite kpọrọ nkụ n'elu stovu na-ere ite ahụ ọkụ ebe akpa ikuku na-ekpuchi snow dị n'elu. Na-awụsa 3 ruo 5 centimeters (1 ruo 2 sentimita asatọ) nke mmiri mmiri na-amalite mgbe niile n'ime ite ahụ, buru ụzọ buru nnukwu snow ma ọ bụ ice chunks n'ime mmiri ọkụ na-arịwanye elu, ma weta mmiri gbazere na obụpde.

Gịnị mere atụrụ na ehi ji anwụ mgbe ha richara ahịhịa oyi n’oge oké frọst dzud?¶

Mgbe oke hoarfrost ma ọ bụ rime ice na-ekpuchi ahihia ịta ahịhịa oyi kpọrọ nkụ na -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit), ehi ma ọ bụ atụrụ agụụ na-agụ na-etinye ọtụtụ kilogram nke kristal ice subzero yana ị ga. Otutu ice ahụ na-adaba n'ime okpomọkụ nke rumen site na 39 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit) n'okpuru 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), pụtara rumen microbes, kwụsị eriri afọ motility, ịkpalite nnukwu bloat, na-eme ka oge na-adịghị anya ime ọpụpụ n'ime nne atụrụ na ehi dị ime.

Kedu ihe m ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na onye nọ n'ime ụlọ dịpụrụ adịpụ amalite inwe nnukwu oyi na-atụ na enweghị ike iru ụlọ ọgwụ ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị?¶

Nyochaa ihe ize ndụ nke ịbịgharị tupu ị kpoo akụkụ ahụ ọkụ. Dịka ntuziaka Wilderness Medical Society na Red Cross si kwuo, ọ bụrụ na enwere ohere ọ bụla aka ma ọ bụ ụkwụ oyi kpọnwụrụ nwere ike ifriizi nke ugboro abụọ, mee ka anụ ahụ dị jụụ ruo mgbe a na-ekwe nkwa ime ụlọ na-ekpo ọkụ siri ike, n'ihi na ịgbaze na refrizing na-akpata mbibi cell rupture. Ozugbo ị banye n'ime ụlọ a na-ekpo ọkụ, gbanye nsọtụ n'ime mmiri na-ekesa na 37 ruo 39 degrees Celsius (98.6 ruo 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit) maka nkeji 30 ruo mgbe ọ ga-adaba adaba, nye ibuprofen ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị, jiri nwayọọ kechie ọnụọgụ ọ bụla n'otu n'otu na gauze na-adịghị mma na-enweghị popping doro anya na ọnya ahụ, ma mee ka onye ọrịa ahụ gbazee. Inweta nkuzi enyemaka mbụ site na Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ma ọ bụ onye na-eweta mpaghara na-akwado ezinụlọ ime obodo maka nlekọta ikewapụ ogologo oge.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Polar vortex, ntiwapụ nke arctic, na ifufe oyi na-eme ka ọ dị ndụ
• Oyiyi n'ala, na-afụ snow ọcha, na ahịrị nchekwa
• Hypothermia na frostbite enyemaka mberede
• Enweghị okpomọkụ n'oge oyi: ịlanarị ime ụlọ na nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• ** Òtù nri na ọrụ ugbo nke United Nations (FAO) na World Meteorological Organisation (WMO):** * ịdọ aka ná ntị mmalite nke Dzud, Ụdị Ọdachi Ọdachi Ụkọchukwu (White, Black, Ice, Cold, and Combined Dzuds), na ntụziaka nri nri anụ ụlọ mberede*.
• ** Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States (USDA) ọrụ ndọtị na North Dakota / Montana State University Extension:** * Nlekọta anụ ụlọ oyi n'oge oke oyi, obere okpomoku dị egwu (LCT) mmezi nri, yana Subzero Stock Watering Engineering*.
• National Propane Gas Association (NPGA) na NFPA 58 (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code): * Mgbochi ikuku oyi na-ekpo ọkụ, na nchekwa nchekwa nke snow/Ice na-achịkwa*.
• United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CREL): * Akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-arụ ọrụ ihu igwe oyi: Diesel Fuel Waxing/Gelling Remediation, Subzero Battery Management, and Extreme Cold Shelter Engineering*.
• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): * Ntuziaka mmemme ụlọ ọgwụ maka mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke oyi na oyi oyi na mberede na gburugburu ebe dị anya na nke jọgburu onwe ya*.