Zero jukɔrɔla nɛnɛ min bɛ mɛn, baganmara min bɛ kɛ ni jikuruw ye (Dzud), ani togodaw la nɛnɛ waati¶

Nɛnɛ min bɛ mɛn zeru jukɔrɔ, n’o farala ɲɔgɔn kan ni jikuruba ye min tɛ se ka don nɛnɛba kan (dugukolo kan a bɛ fɔ a ma ni Mongoli ka balawu daɲɛ ye dzud, ani Ameriki Woroduguyanfan ni Eurasie worodugu fan bɛɛ la ko nɛnɛ min bɛ kɛ ni jikuruw ye walima arctic banakisɛ min bɛ mɛn) o ye dɔgɔkun caman kɔnɔna na, fiɲɛ funteni bɛ to degere 30 la walima a duguma Fahrenheit) ka se -45 degere Celsius (-49 degere Fahrenheit) ma sanji-ni-nɛnɛ kɔfɛ, nɛnɛ cɛmancɛ nɛnɛ-segin-segin-segin kɔfɛ, walima nɛnɛ jugumanba bɛ togodala yɔrɔw su don. A tɛ i n’a fɔ sanfiɲɛba surun, arctic lock-in min bɛ mɛn, o bɛ togodala tasuma ni bolifɛnw bali farikolo fasa caman cili dakunw na: propane jilama bɛ lafiɲɛbɔ dabila kɛnɛma jidagayɔrɔw kɔnɔ ni degere 42 ye (-44 degere Fahrenheit), dizili #2 min ma furakɛ ani funteni tulu bɛ gɛlɛya ka kɛ parafin cire jeliw ye minnu bɛ filɛriw datugu, kabakurun siraw bɛ kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ se ka tɛmɛ u jukɔrɔ glaze ice, ani stock kɔji dafalenw bɛ nɛnɛ ka tɛmɛ mɛtɛrɛ 1 kan (sen 3,3). Ni furakɛli walima so funteni kɔrɔtɔlen dɔ kɛra togodaw la, aw bɛ aw ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele (911 Ameriki ani Kanada, 112 Erɔpu tɔnba bɛɛ kɔnɔ, 999 Angletɛri) walima aw ye an ka kunnafonisɛbɛn lajɛ kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw. Walasa ka farigan jugumanba ladon, aw bɛ a kalan polar vortex, arctic banakisɛ jɛnsɛnni, ani fiɲɛ nɛnɛ ɲɛnamaya, seginnkanni fonɛnɛba ni sanfiɲɛba, ani ka yecogo bɔnɛni labɛn ni dugukolo kan sanfiɲɛba, nɛnɛ fiyɛlenw, ani lakana siraw.

Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw bɛ du kɔnɔmɔgɔw bɛɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ so kelen ye min ɲɛsinnen bɛ Saheli ma, ani ka gazi monokisidi dɔnnifɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Ni kɛnɛma funteni tora degere -35 duguma dɔgɔkun caman kɔnɔ, foro so bɛɛ sumaya bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔ joona. Aw bɛ wuluwulu fini girinmanw walima bɔrɔw dulon da la walasa ka so minnu tɛ baara kɛ ni u ye, aw bɛ olu datugu, ka thermostatw jigin wuluw kɔnɔ minnu ji bɛ bɔ, ani ka batiri bɛ baara kɛ ni gazi monokisidi alarma ye sani aw ka jiri, kɔɔri walima kerozɛni sofalan si yeelen.
2. Aw bɛ propane jidagayɔrɔ farikolo minnu bɛ kɛnɛ kan, aw bɛ olu siri ani ka kɛnɛma tulu filɛriw siri sani funteni ka se -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Fahrenheit) ma. Propane jilama bɛ tobili dabila ka kɛ gazi ye min bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni a ye -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit), ani jidagayɔrɔ tansiyɔn bɛ jigin kojugu walasa ka foro boli ni -35 degree Celsius (-31 degrees) ye Fahrenheit) ni jidagayɔrɔ falen bɛ kɛmɛsarada la 30 jukɔrɔ. Aw bɛ nɛnɛ bɔ regulateur ventilateur la, ka banki insulating snow kɛ jidagayɔrɔ duguma fanw lamini na (walima aw bɛ UL-liste propane tank tasumabɔlan kɛ), ani aw kana tasuma dafalen walima ji tobilen kɛ jidagayɔrɔ walima gazi sira kan abada.
3. Aw bɛ dizili tarakitɛriw, kamiyɔnw, jɛnɛratow, ani kɛnɛma tulubɔlanw bɛɛ furakɛ ni jeli nɛnɛ-jibɔ-minɛn ye ani #1 kerozɛni nɛnɛ ɲagaminen. Ni parafin sizo kristalɛw bɛ ja ka bɔ dizili #2 la siɲɛ kelen ("sankaba yɔrɔ" bɛ -9 degere Celsius [15 degere Fahrenheit] lamini ani "gel point" bɛ -18 degere Celsius lamini degere Fahrenheit]), banakunbɛn furaw tɛ se ka sizo labɔ tugun. Aw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan filɛriw ni dizili sizo segin-jilamaw mara aw ka so funteniman kɔnɔ walasa ka tarakitɛri filɛri min datugulen don, baganw baloli kɔrɔtɔlen waatiw la.
4. Aw bɛ lakana sirilan banbali dɔ sigi so da, yiriforo, fɛnɲɛnamafagalan, ani bɔgɔdaga cɛ. Arctic degunba sira minnu bɛ mɛn, olu bɛ dugukolo sanfiɲɛba barikamaw lawuli ani sufɛ jibɔ fiɲɛw. Aw kana taama abada ka taa bɔgɔdaga walima sɛnɛfɛnw bilayɔrɔ la min janya ye degere 40 ye (-40 degere Fahrenheit) ni ɲɛminɛ juru jɔlen tɛ, ni ski ɲɛkisɛw, balaclava, ani don waati jatebɔlan tɛ ni mɔgɔ ye so kɔnɔ.
5. Aw bɛ baganw ka ji minta dingɛw kari ani ka u tasuma don siɲɛ fila tile kɔnɔ ni kɔgɔjida tigɛlen ye ani ni datugulanw ye minnu bɛ panpan. Baganw bɛ sa farikolojidɛsɛ ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ fɛ tile damadɔ sani kɔngɔ ka sɔrɔ jikuruw ka nɛnɛ waati la barisa ni u ye bin jalen dun ni ji jilama tɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka rumen impaction faga. Aw kana a to baganw ka taama abada kɔji nɔgɔlen dɔ kan walasa ka minni kɛ cɛmancɛ dingɛ kɔnɔ; aw bɛ jidagayɔrɔw walima kɔgɔjida laminiw tigɛ minnu kogo bɛ u la ka bɔ banki sen gɛlɛnw na ani ka jisuma tigɛlenw bɛɛ bɔ sani dingɛ ka segin ka nɛnɛ.
6. Aw bɛ jikuruw kari nɛnɛba baganmarayɔrɔw la ani ka sagakuluw bila fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ la. Ni sanji nɛnɛman walima nɛnɛ-jiginni sɛrɛkili bɛ jikuruw kɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 2 fo santimɛtɛrɛ 5 (0,8 ka se santimɛtɛrɛ 2) la nɛnɛ kan, sow, misiw, sagaw ani bakɔrɔnw b’u senw duguma dawolo tigɛ k’a ɲini ka senw tigɛ jirisunba kɔnɔ. Aw bɛ baganw datugu fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ kogo kɔfɛ, min kɔnɔna ye kɛmɛsarada la 20 ye, ka binkɛnɛ janyalenw balo wulada fɛ walasa u mɔli funteni ka se a dan na su tilancɛ la, ani ka dugukolo nɛnɛman da ni bɔgɔ jalen ye min janya ye santimɛtɛrɛ 30 ye.

Desizɔn jiri : togodala danfara min bɛ mɛn zeru jukɔrɔ ani baganmara dzud sɛgɛsɛgɛli¶

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    Sector -->|"1. SO SUMA & FUEL LOCK: Foro tasuma-bɔ walima gazi tansiyɔn barikama"| FuelCheck{"So bɛ baara kɛ ni funteni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan jumɛn ye?"}

    FuelCheck -->|"Propane (LPG) Tanki"| PropaneFix["PROPANE VAPOR-LOCK PROTOCOL: 1. Aw bɛ jidagayɔrɔ jateminɛ : ni < 30% bɛ -35 C (-31 F) la, lafiɲɛbɔ tansiyɔn bɛ jigin ka tɛmɛ 70 kPa (10 psi) kan 2. Aw bɛ gazi minɛn minnu tɛ nafama ye, aw bɛ olu datugu walasa ka lafiɲɛbɔ hakɛ dɔgɔya 3. Aw bɛ nɛnɛ jɛlen bɔ regulateur vents la 4. Banki ka nɛnɛ bɔ tanki duguma farikolo kan (a kana kɛ dome kan walima sariyasunba) ."]

    FuelCheck -->|"Tumu min bɛ sumaya (#2 Fuel Oil) walima Dizili"| OilFix["WAX GELLING & FILTER PROTOCOL: 1. Aw bɛ kɛnɛma jidagayɔrɔ filɛri daga ni a layini lajɛ ni parafin bɔgɔ tɛ 2. Aw bɛ filɛri so ni layini sumaya ni kuran funteni kase walima jisuma finiw ye (tɔrɔsi tɛ) 3. Aw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan filɛri min bɛ wuli ka wuli, aw bɛ o falen ani ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan de-icer fara a kan 4. Aw bɛ 30% fo 50% #1 Kerosene ɲagami jidagayɔrɔ la"]

    Sector -->|"2. BAGANW KA JI & BAGANDENW ƝƐNABƆLI: Ice Crust (Dzud) + Frozen Stock Tanks"| HerdCheck{"Baganmara fɔlɔ ye mun ye sagakulu ma?"}

    HerdCheck -->|"Jibɔyɔrɔw minnu bɛ kɛ ni nɛnɛ ye"| WaterFix["LIVESTOCK HYDRATION TRIAGE: 1. Aw kana misiw walima sow bila kɔji jikuruw kan abada 2. Aw bɛ kɔji jikuruw kogo kɛ ka jidagayɔrɔ tigɛlen tigɛ banki da la 3. Aw bɛ jisigiyɔrɔ tigɛlenw bɛɛ bɔ joona ka sɔrɔ ka float cover insulated bila 4. Ji sumalen ka tɛmɛ 4 C kan (40 F) ni a bɛ se ka kɛ"]

    HerdCheck -->|"Ice Crust / Kɔngɔ / Fiɲɛ nɛnɛ"| FeedFix["DZUD SHELTER & METABOLIC FEEDING: 1. Aw bɛ sagakulu bila 20%-porosity windbreak shelter kɔnɔ walima bedded three-sided shed kɔnɔ 2. Aw bɛ baganw bali ka pawing sharp ice crust 3. Aw bɛ dɔ fara binkɛnɛ janyalenw kan ni 1% ye degere C kelen na ka tɛmɛ a kɔrɔtalenba kan 4. Aw bɛ binkɛnɛ dumuni girinmanw balo 16:00 fo 18h00 waati"]

    Sector -->|"3. ADAMADENW KA DƆRƆBƆLI WAALIMA FƐƐRƐW ƝƐNABƆLI: Siraw datugulen don dɔgɔkun caman kɔnɔ"| IsolationFix["RURAL ISOLATION SURVIVAL: 1. Aw kana a ɲini abada ka boli aw kelen na mobili kɔnɔ min bɛ ni jeli ye -40 C (-40 F) 2. Aw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan sumaya tila ni aw bɛ ɲɛnamaya ni sunɔgɔ lasegin so 1 kɔnɔ + fanibugu kɔnɔ 3. Aw bɛ arajo walima sateliti lajɛ siɲɛ fila tile kɔnɔ 4. Aw bɛ medivac walima binkɛnɛ lase kɔrɔtɔlen ɲini cikan fɛ"]

Dzud ni subzero lock-in janyalen ka waati ni fizik faamuyali¶

Waati dumanw na, a ka c’a la, nɛnɛba bɛ kɛ tile kelen fo tile saba sanni fiɲɛ sumalen ka wuli ka funteni hakɛ lasegin a cogo kɔrɔ la. Farafinna kɔnɔna na, latitude sanfɛyɔrɔw, kuluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ basigiyɔrɔw, ani arctic kɛnɛw (i n’a fɔ Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Canada Prairies, Alaska kɔnɔna, Ameriki woroduguyanfan kɛnɛba, ani Scandinavie laplands), Siberian High walima Arctic anticyclone min bɛ to senna, o bɛ se ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ nɛnɛman dɔ datugu a kɔnɔ topografu basigiyɔrɔw tile 30 fo 90 tugu-tugu ɲɔgɔn na.

Ni nin nɛnɛ jan in tugura waati kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɔ, waati dɔnnikɛlaw ni sɛnɛko balawu baaradaw bɛ o ko in tila ni diɲɛ kɔnɔ dzud suguya ye min lakodɔnnen don diɲɛ waati jateminɛ jɛkulu fɛ (OMM) ani Duniya Kelenyatɔnba ka dumuniko ni sɛnɛko tɔnba (FAO) fɛ:

Zeru jukɔrɔla sɛnɛfɛnw dabɔli balili n’u ɲɛnabɔli: propane, tasuma tulu, ani dizili¶

Waati min farati ka bon kosɛbɛ togodala denbaya dɔ bolo min yɔrɔ ka jan mɔgɔw la, n’o ye -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit) arctic lock-in waati ye, o ye waati min na cɛmancɛ foro walima backup generator bɛ sa barika la, o tɛ kɛ bawo fɛnɲɛnamafagalan lankolon don, nka bawo fɛnɲɛnamafagalan sera a farikolo fasa dan ma.

1. Propane (LPG) tanki lafiɲɛbɔlan min bɛ se ka kɛ -42 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit) ye .¶

Gazi jilama (jagokɛla HD-5 propane) bɛ sigi kɛnɛma nɛgɛdaga kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ ji tobilen gazi degunlen jukɔrɔ. Ni sokɔnɔna foro dɔ manana, a bɛ fiɲɛ sama ka bɔ sanfɛ; o degun jigin in bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka propane jilama min bɛ duguma, o ka tobi ka a lafiɲɛ fa. - Tobilikɛyɔrɔ kogo -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit): Ni fiɲɛ bɛ tansiyɔn na, propane jilama bɛ tobi -42,2 degere Celsius (-44 degere Fahrenheit). Ni degere 21 ye (degere 70 Fahrenheit), jidagayɔrɔ tansiyɔn bɛ se kilopascal 860 (125 psi) ma; ni -18 degere Celsius (0 degere Fahrenheit), a bɛ jigin ka se 193 kilopascals (28 psi); ni -35 degere Celsius (-31 degere Fahrenheit), a bɛ jigin ka se 55 kilopascals (8 psi) ma, a ka dɔgɔn ka se ka regulateur fila-fila baara; ani ni degere -42,2 ye (-44 degere Fahrenheit), jateminɛkɛlan tansiyɔn bɛ se 0 kilopascals (0 psi) ma o la gazi zeru tɛ woyo hali ni jidagayɔrɔ falen bɛ kɛmɛsarada la 80. - Autorefrigeration in low tanks: Propane jilama tobilen bɛ funteni dogolen minɛ jidagayɔrɔ nɛgɛ kogow fɛ. Ni jidagayɔrɔ falen bɛ kɛmɛsarada la 25 jukɔrɔ, nɛgɛ ɲiginnen yɔrɔ ka dɔgɔ kojugu walasa ka kɛnɛma funteni minɛ, o bɛ ji tɔ nɛnɛ ka tɛmɛ degere 42 kan hali ni kɛnɛma fiɲɛ bɛ degere 30 (degere 22) duguma.

Kɔrɔtɔko wale minnu bɛ kɛ senfɛ-senfɛ walasa ka propane bɔli segin a cogo kɔrɔ la:¶

1. Aw bɛ BTU ka lafiɲɛbɔ doni dɔgɔya: Aw bɛ gazi filanan minɛnw faga (ji sumalanw, jalenw, garazi tasumalanw) ani ka sofa fɔlɔ kelen dɔrɔn de cycle a waati kelen na.
2. Banki nɛnɛ saniyalen bɛ jidagayɔrɔ dugumayanfan lamini: Ni nɛnɛ lafiyalenw dalajɛlen don jidagayɔrɔ duguma fanw lamini na, o bɛ nɛgɛ tanga sufɛ nɛnɛ ma min bɛ kɛ ni fiɲɛ ye. Aw kana dome, shutoff valve, walima regulator su nɛnɛ jukɔrɔ abada, ani ka regulateur fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ min ɲɛsinnen bɛ duguma, o ka bruise ka saniya ka bɔ nɛnɛ na.
3. Aw bɛ regulateur congelé (regulateur congelé) siri ka ɲɛ: Aw bɛ regulateur (regulateur congelé) siri finimugu la ka pɔnpeji sumalen (degere 40 fo 50) kɛ a kan, walima aw bɛ UL-liste propane tank sofalan kɛ. Aw kana baara kɛ ni fiɲɛbɔlan walima tasuma dabɔlen ye abada.

2. Dizili ni #2 funteni tulu parafin sizo jeli¶

Dizili #2 ni so funteni tulu #2 bɛ ni parafin hidrɔkarbonw ye minnu bɛ kɛ kristali ye ka kɛ sizo joli segin furakisɛw ye ni nɛnɛna. Sankaba yɔrɔ la (-9 fo -12 degere Celsius [15 ka se 10 degere Fahrenheit]) la, sizo kristalɛw bɛ sɛnɛfɛnw kɛ sankaba ye ani ka papiye filɛri yɔrɔw datugu; Gel Point (-15 fo -18 degere Celsius [5 fo 0 degere Fahrenheit]) la, #2 sɛnɛfɛn min ma furakɛ, o bɛ gɛlɛya nɛgɛsira kɔnɔ.

Kɔrɔtɔko wale minnu bɛ kɛ senfɛ-senfɛ, ka ɲɛsin fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ma minnu bɛ kɛ ni jeli ye:¶

1. Nɛnɛ kunbɛnni sani nɛnɛ ka kɛ: Aw bɛ #1 Dizili walima #1 Kerozɛni (K-1) ɲagami kɛnɛma #2 fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɔnɔ (50/50 ɲagaminen bɛ jigin fo ka se -35 degere Celsius ma [-31 degere Fahrenheit], ani kɛmɛsarada la 100 #1 kerozɛni bɛ woyo ka se -42 degere Celsius [-444 degere Fahrenheit]). Aw bɛ Cold Flow Improver (Anti-Gel) fara a kan ka a sɔrɔ sɛnɛfɛnw ka suma hali bi ka tɛmɛ -5 degere Celsius kan (23 degere Fahrenheit).
2. Jɛli bɔli kɔrɔtɔlen na ni degere 40 ye (-40 degere Fahrenheit): Aw kana dizili motɛri jelilen wuli siɲɛ caman abada. Aw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan filɛri min sirilen don a la, o falen ni filɛri sumalen ye min falen bɛ kerozɛni #1 kɛmɛsarada la 50 ani Dizili sizo segin-seginkɛlan kɛmɛsarada la 50, ka sizo segin-jibɔlan ni kerozɛni #1 sumalen kɛ jidagayɔrɔ la, ka filɛri so fanibugu ni bɔrɔ ni kuran funteni-minɛn ye walima ni kunsigi jalen ye miniti 30 kɔnɔ.

Baganw ka ɲɛnamaya dzud waati la: balo, fiɲɛbɔlanw, ani ji tigɛcogo¶

Zero duguma ko janw senfɛ ani dzuds minnu falen don jikuruw la, baganw bɛ halaki ni fiɲɛ nɛnɛbɔlanw sumana joona ka tɛmɛ u ka dumunikɛminɛnw bɛ se ka balofɛnw mɔ, walima ni ji jilama dɛsɛ bɛ rumen mɔli dabila.

1. Aw bɛ funteni jugumanba (LCT) dɔgɔya ani farikoloɲɛnajɛ balocogo¶

Misi walima so kɔgɔlen min ka fonɛnɛ jalen don, o Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) bɛ se -7 fo -13 degere Celsius (19 fo 9 degere Fahrenheit) (a bɛ wuli ka se +15 degere Celsius [59 degere Fahrenheit] ni a fini ɲiginnen don). 1. Kɛmɛsarada la, binkɛnɛ sariya: Aw bɛ dɔ fara fanga sɛnɛta hakɛ kan ni kɛmɛsarada la 1 ye degere 1 o degere 1 (degere 2) la, fiɲɛ nɛnɛ bɛ jigin bagan ka LCT jukɔrɔ. Ni -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), misi jalenw mago bɛ balo fanga la kɛmɛsarada la 30 caman na don o don. 2. Aw bɛ binkɛnɛ janw balo, aw kana sumanw sɔgɔsɔgɔ barikamaw balo: Baganw ni sow bɛ funteni koloma lase selulozi fiyɛri (biɲɛ) bɔli banakisɛ fɛ fɛ. Ni aw ye sumanmugu kɛ siɲɛ fila, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka asidɔni laktiki ni funu faga; o nɔ na, ​​aw bɛ bin ni alfalfa bin di mɔgɔ ma min bɛ se ka sugandi hɔrɔnya la. 3. Aw bɛ bin dumuni gɛlɛnba balo 16:00 ni 18:00 cɛ: Rumen sɔgɔli funteni bɛ se a dan na lɛrɛ 4 fo lɛri 8 dumuni kɛlen kɔfɛ, ka kɔnɔna funteni bɔli hakɛ cayalenba bɛn su tilancɛ fo sɔgɔmada waati nɛnɛman ma.

2. Baganw jibɔcogo lakananen min bɛ zeru jukɔrɔ¶

Aw kana a to abada misiw walima sow ka ɲɔgɔn dalajɛ kɔji nɛnɛman dɔ kan min bɛ cɛmancɛ dingɛ lamini, o bɛ jisigiyɔrɔ kari ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka jamaba jigin. 1. Ka kogo kɛ kɔjiw la minnu sumana ani ka kɔgɔjida yɔrɔw tigɛ dɔrɔn yɔrɔ minnu na senkɔniw bɛ lafiɲɛ kabakurun gɛlɛnw duguma, ka baara kɛ ni berew ye walasa ka dan sigi bagan 2 walima 3 sɔrɔli la waati kelen na. 2. Aw bɛ jirimugu, cɛncɛn, walima bin tiɲɛnen sɛnsɛn banki nɛnɛman sira kan walasa baganw kana sɛgɛn ka u kɔkili tila. 3. Aw bɛ jisuma tigɛlenw bɛɛ bɔ dingɛ kɔnɔ joona walasa nɔgɔ kana nɛnɛ teliya kisɛ kɛ, ani ka dingɛ kɛmɛsarada la 80 datugu ni jiri ye min bɛ se ka wuli.

3. Fiɲɛbɔlanw ni den bangenenw lakanani minnu dilannen don ni ɛntɛrinɛti ye¶

Aw bɛ fiɲɛbɔlanw dilan ni kɛmɛsarada la 20 ye (santimɛtɛrɛ 15 [santimɛtɛrɛ 6] pankurunw ni santimɛtɛrɛ 3,8 [santimɛtɛrɛ 1,5] cɛmancɛw) walasa ka fiɲɛ teliya tigɛ ni kɛmɛsarada la 75 ye fiɲɛ fɛ yɔrɔ dɔ la ka tɛmɛ kogo janya kan siɲɛ 10 k’a sɔrɔ aw ma nɛnɛba fili sagakulu kan. Dugukolo min bɛ dilan ni nɛnɛ ye ni bɔgɔ jalen ye **santimɛtɛrɛ 30 (santimɛtɛrɛ 12) ye walasa ka misiw ka cɛya nɛnɛ bali ani ka misiw la, ani ka misiden bangenen kuraw ja so kɔnɔ sani u ka kolosinsinnan balo ni funteni ye (degere 38 santimɛtɛrɛ 100) u bangenen kɔfɛ lɛri 2 kɔnɔ.

4. Ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw tiɲɛni ni jibolisira tiɲɛni bali ni -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit) ye .¶

Ni aw bɛ sagakuluw balo ni donikɛlan ye min bɛ ɲɛfɛ walima ni aw bɛ baganmarayɔrɔw dondaw labɔ nɛnɛba waati la, masin ni jiko yɔrɔw bɛ kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka tiɲɛ: - Ji sumaya kɛcogo: Ni -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), ji nɛnɛma ji nɛnɛma bɛ ni melasi nɛnɛma sɔgɔli ye. Ni aw ye ji donikɛla bolow walima bolifɛn ɲɛminɛlan don o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ tarakitɛri daminɛ kɔfɛ, o bɛ ji pɔnpe sɔgɔ ani ka lastikuw fiyɛ minnu bɛ tansiyɔnba la. Aw bɛ tarakitɛri bila baara la ni 1000 fo 1200 ye RPM kɔnɔ miniti 15 fo miniti 20 ani ka ji silinda kelen-kelen bɛɛ lamini dɔɔni dɔɔni k’a sɔrɔ doni tɛ a la walasa ka ji sumalen lamini sani aw ka binkɛnɛ bulama girinmanw kɔrɔta. - Nɛgɛ min ka bon ni gazi ye: Ni a bɛ -30 degere Celsius (-22 degere Fahrenheit) duguma, nɛgɛ min bɛ kɛ ni karɔbɔni ye, o bɛ sirilanw, jirisun cakɛdaw, ani donikɛla ka bale tamaw bɛ bɔnɛ u ka gɛlɛya la (ductile-to-brittle transition). Aw kana cakɛda min bɛ jɛgɛ minɛ abada, o lamaga walima ka bale tama gɛlɛn dɔ fili dugukolo nɛnɛlen kan, bawo nɛgɛ bɛ se ka kari i n’a fɔ nɛgɛdaga ani ka nɛgɛ tigɛlenw ci ka taa kabini fan fɛ.

Ka kisi hadamadenw ma dɔgɔkun caman kɔnɔ togodala so kɔnɔ min tɛ zeru ye¶

Ni togodala siraw datugulen don ni nɛnɛ gɛlɛn ye min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 2 ye, ni funteni bɛ sigi degere -40 na (degere 40), kɔrɔtɔko baarakɛlaw, sɛnɛfɛnw lase kamiyɔnw, ani fɛnw dilanbagaw tɛ se ka se so yɔrɔjanw na dɔgɔkun fila fo dɔgɔkun naani kɔnɔ.

1. Ka so kɔnɔ mikro-klima ("So-Kɔnɔ-so") da .¶

Ni aw ka tasuma-fanga-minɛn fɔlɔ tiɲɛna walima ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan hakɛ dɔgɔyara ka tɛmɛ kɛmɛsarada la 25 kan: 1. Aw bɛ kɔnɔna so fitinin kelen sugandi (walima so fitinin dɔ min kɔnɔ, jirisunw bɛ tasumabɔlan min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don) sankanso belebele kɔnɔ, ka yɔrɔ jan fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ kogo la. 2. Aw bɛ tasa sirilanw walima nɛgɛfurulanw siri kɛnɛma finɛtiriw kan ani ka wuluwulu bɔrɔ fila, sunɔgɔbaganw, walima bugun-wrap insulation dulon galasi kan, ka duguma dakunw datugu ka taa finɛtiri da la walasa ka jiginɛw jɔ minnu bɛ wuli. 3. Aw bɛ waati 3 walima waati 4 kanpaɲi fanibugu jɔ matiriyali belebeleba dɔ sanfɛ walima finimugu kulu dɔ kan o so kɔnɔ. Mɔgɔ naani minnu bɛ sunɔgɔ nilon dome fanibugu fitinin dɔ kɔnɔ min jɔlen bɛ so kɔnɔ min ma sumaya, olu bɛ se ka fanibugu kɔnɔ fiɲɛ to +12 degere Celsius fo +18 degere Celsius (54 degere Fahrenheit fo 64 degere Fahrenheit) ni farikolo funteni dɔrɔn ye, hali ni so tɔ jigira ka tɛmɛ nɛnɛ kan.

2. Ka pɔnpew ji bɔ vs ka pibilikiw to ɲɛnamaya la¶

Ni -40 degere Celsius (-40 degere Fahrenheit), jibolisira minnu ma sumaya kɛnɛma kogow kɔnɔ, olu bɛ nɛnɛ ka pɛrɛn lɛrɛ 2 fo sanga 4 kɔnɔ, ka so fa ni jisuma ye ni u sumana. - Ni funteni ni fanga/ji tansiyɔn bɛ aw la hali bi: Aw bɛ dumunikɛyɔrɔ ni sanuyaso kabini da wuli jisigiyɔrɔw jukɔrɔ walasa so fiɲɛ sumalen ka se kogo pibilikiw ma, ani ka a to pɔnpe funteni ni nɛnɛ fila bɛɛ ka jigin pensili-plɔmu jibɔyɔrɔ jɔlen na (ji lamagatɔ bɛ funteni ta ka bɔ dugukolo jugumanba la, wa a tɛ nɛnɛ kɛlɛ). - Ni aw ka funteni banna pewu: Aw kana a jira ko pibilikiw ka pɛrɛn. Aw bɛ soba jidagayɔrɔ datugu nɛnɛ sira jukɔrɔ (walima aw bɛ kɔlɔn pɔnpe karilan faga), ka pɔnpe bɛɛ da duguma sanfɛyɔrɔw ni dugumalanw na walasa fiɲɛ ka don, ka dugujukɔrɔjibɔlan duguma ji bɔ, ka jisumalan bɛɛ ko, ka ɲɛgɛn bɛɛ ko walasa ka jidagayɔrɔ lankolonya, ani ka poropilɛni gilikɔli pinki min tɛ baga ye bɔn jibolisira bɛɛ kɔnɔ P-trap, bathtub drain, ani toilet bowl walasa ji jɔlen min bɛ jaanw kɔnɔ, o kana porcelaine walima cast iron kari. Walasa ka pibilikiw lasegincogo dafalenw sɔrɔ, aw ye an ka pipes congelées kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛminɛbaga ani funteni tɛ nɛnɛ ɲɛjiralan na.

Sigidaw ka kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ani baaradaw ka sariyaw¶

Balawu minnu bɛ mɛn zeru jukɔrɔ ani sɛnɛko jisigiyɔrɔw waati, aw bɛ taa dɔgɔtɔrɔso kɔrɔtɔlenw cidenw fɛ ani aw ka jamana ka sɛnɛko walima jamanadenw ka lafasalitɔn fɛ:

• Amerika: Aw bɛ 911 wele ni furakɛli walima ɲɛnamaya lakanani sumaya kɔrɔtɔlenw ye. Ni aw b’a fɛ ka baganw balo dɛmɛni kɔrɔtɔlen sɔrɔ ani ka balawu fɔ, aw bɛ se ka kuma aw ka mara la Kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔli baarada (EMA) ani USDA foro baarada (FSA) (min bɛ baganw ka musakabɔ porogaramu ni baganw dɛmɛni kɔrɔtɔlen ɲɛnabɔ). Monitor Jamana ka waati baarada (NWS) Nɛnɛba lasɔminiw (weather.gov).
• Kanada: Aw ye 911 wele polisiw, tasuma, ani dɔgɔtɔrɔso baarakɛlaw ka kisi kama. Kɔlɔsili Lamini ni waati jiginni Canada (ECCC) Lakɔlɔsili minnu bɛ kɛ ni nɛnɛba ye. Togodala minisiriso ni marabolow ka sɛnɛ minisiriso bɛ nɛnɛba balo kɔrɔtɔlenw tacogo ni nɛnɛbɔlanw bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la furakɛli ni sɛnɛfɛnw lasecogo ɲɛnabɔ.
• Royaume-Uni: Aw bɛ 999 walima 112 wele ni kɔrɔtɔko kɛra, walima 105 walasa ka kuran tigɛcogo fɔ (togodala du minnu ka dɔgɔ, olu bɛ se k’u tɔgɔ sɛbɛn Priority Services Register kan). Kuluw nɛnɛ waatiw la, Defra, Ekɔsi gɔfɛrɛnaman, ani Jamana sɛnɛkɛlaw ka tɔnba (NFU) bɛ baganmara kɔrɔtɔlen sɔrɔli ɲɛnabɔ.
• Erɔpu jamanaw ni Nordik jamanaw: Aw ye 112 wele EU jamanaw bɛɛ kɔnɔ, Norvege, ani Islande. Suwɛdi jamana na (MSB), Finlande (Pelastustoimi), Norvege (DSB), ani Islande (Almannavarnir), siwili lakanani ɲɛmɔgɔw bɛ nɛnɛ-mobiliw ka furakɛli bɔli ni kɔrɔtɔlen sofaw lasecogo ɲɛnabɔ.
• Mongolia, Cɛma Azi, ani Azi Pasifiki: Mɔngoli jamana na, aw bɛ 101 / 105 wele Jamana ka kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔli baarada (NEMA) fɛ, min bɛ jamana ka dzud jaabiw ɲɛnabɔ, nɛnɛ baganmarayɔrɔw, ani Kurucɛ bilenman / FAO baganmarayɔrɔw tilatilali. Sinuwa jamana na, aw bɛ telefɔni 110 / 119 / 120 wele; Zapɔn jamana na, aw bɛ 119 wele; Ɔsitarali ni Nuwɛlika jamanaw na, aw bɛ 000 (Ɔsitarali) walima 111 (Zélande kura) wele ani ka jamana caman ka baganmarayɔrɔw ka ɲɛtaa ɲɛnabɔ Federated Farmers NZ walima jamana ka Departments of Primary Industries fɛ.

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Mun na degere -40 bɛ bɛn degere -40 ma, ani mun na masinw bɛ dɛsɛ o waati la?¶

Celsius ni Fahrenheit funteni hakɛw bɛ ɲɔgɔn cɛ ni -40 ye k’a sababu kɛ fɛn caman tigɛli formula ye. O jate kɔfɛ, degere -40 ye farikolo dɛsɛ dan ye togodala fɛnsɔrɔsiraw la : jagokɛla HD-5 propane bɛ se a ka fiɲɛ tobili hakɛ ma ni degere 42,2 ye (-44 degere Fahrenheit) ani a bɛ bɔnɛ tanki tansiyɔn na, nitirili lastikuw O-rings standards ani hydraulique hoses bɛ gilasi jiginni kɛ ani ka kari ni u kɔrɔtara, motɛri tulu kɔrɔlenw bɛ gɛlɛya, ani batiri minnu bɛ ni asidi plɔmu ye, olu bɛ bɔnɛ u ka cranking bɔli kɛmɛsarada la 70 ni kɔ la.

Yala ne bɛ se ka dɔlɔ walima gazi mugumugu kɛ dizili tarakitɛri kɔnɔ walima tulu sumayɔrɔ la walasa ka jeli dabila degere -40 la wa?¶

Aw kana gazi walima du kɔnɔ dɔlɔ kɛ bi dizili motɛri walima tulu sumayɔrɔ la abada. Gazoli bɛ dizili ka yeelenbɔyɔrɔ jigin fo ka se a bɔnɔgɔla ma, wa a bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw pikiri pɔnpew tiɲɛ minnu bɛ taa ni u ye, ka sɔrɔ dɔlɔ bɛ fasa faranfasi ani ka pikirijikɛlanw tiɲɛ. Aw bɛ kerozɛni saniyalen #1 walima dizili #1 dɔrɔn ɲagami ɲɔgɔn na ani ka jagokɛla dizili nɛnɛmafɛnw ni sizo segin jibɔlanw kɛ minnu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don, dɔlɔ tɛ minnu na.

Nɛnɛ hakɛ joli de ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka ji minta litiri 1 (litiri 1) wuli ni kɔlɔn dɔ nɛnɛna?¶

Nɛnɛ mugu lafiyalen nɛnɛ ni ji hakɛ bɛ se 10:1 ni 15:1 ma, o kɔrɔ ye ko aw ka kan ka nɛnɛ lafiyalen litiri 10 fo 15 (galon 2,6 fo 4) wuli walasa ka ji litiri 1 (litiri 1) bɔ. Ni aw ye nɛnɛ jalen don daga jalen kɔnɔ k’a ɲɛsin tasuma ma, o bɛ nɛgɛdaga jeni ka sɔrɔ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw bɛ nɛnɛ bali sanfɛ. Aw bɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 3 fo 5 (santimɛtɛrɛ 1 fo santimɛtɛrɛ 2) kɛ daga kɔnɔ fɔlɔ, ka nɛnɛ walima jisumamugu caman kɛ ji sumalen na dɔɔni dɔɔni, ka ji wulilen kɛ ka tobi.

Mun na sagaw ni misiw bɛ sa binkɛnɛ dunni kɔfɛ nɛnɛba dzud waati la?¶

Ni nɛnɛba walima rime jikuruba ye nɛnɛba baganmarayɔrɔ bin jalenw datugu ni degere 35 ye (-31 degere Fahrenheit), misi walima sagaden kɔngɔlen bɛ jikuruw kilo caman dun minnu bɛ zeru jukɔrɔ ka fara a jirisunw kan. O jikuruba in bɛ kɔnɔbara kɔnɔna funteni jigin ka bɔ degere 39 la ka tɛmɛ degere 30 kan, o bɛ ɲɛgɛnɛsira banakisɛw kabakoya, ka kɔnɔbara lamagacogo jɔ, ka funu jugumanba bila mɔgɔ la, ani ka kɔnɔtiɲɛ bila kɔfɛ saga kɔnɔmaw ni misiw la.

Ni mɔgɔ dɔ bɛ foro kɔnɔ min yɔrɔ ka jan, ni nɛnɛ jugumanba donna a la, ni a ma se ka se dɔgɔtɔrɔso la tile caman kɔnɔ, ne ka kan ka mun kɛ?¶

Aw bɛ farati jateminɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ nɛnɛ seginni na sani aw ka senkɔni sumaya. Ka kɛɲɛ ni Wilderness Medical Society ni Croix Rouge ka laadilikanw ye, ni sababu dɔ bɛ yen bolo walima sen min ye nɛnɛ ye, o bɛ se ka nɛnɛ siɲɛ filanan na, aw bɛ a to a farikolo yɔrɔ ka to nɛnɛ na fo ka se so sumalen sabatilen sɔrɔli ma, barisa nɛnɛ ni nɛnɛ seginni bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka selilu kari kojugu. Ni aw donna so sumalen sabatilen kɔnɔ, aw bɛ a dawolo su ji lamininen na min sumana fo ka se degere 37 fo 39 ma miniti 30 kɔnɔ fo ka se a sɔgɔlen ma, aw bɛ ibuporofɛni di a ma ni a bɛ sɔrɔ, ka nimɔrɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ siri ka ɲɛ ni gazi jalen sterili ye ka sɔrɔ a ma kurukuru jɛlenw bɔ, ka banabagatɔ to sen kan min sumana. Ni aw ye dɛmɛ fɔlɔ kalan bololabaara kɛ ka bɔ Croix Rouge la, St John Ambulance fɛ, walima sigida la, o bɛ togodala denbayaw labɛn walasa ka u yɛrɛ bila u dan na waati jan kɔnɔ.

Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Polar vortex, arctic outbreak, ani fiɲɛ nɛnɛ nɛnɛba ɲɛnamaya
• Dugukolo kan sanfiɲɛba, nɛnɛ fiyɛlenw, ani lakana siraw
• Furakɛli fɔlɔ kɔrɔtɔlenw ni farigan dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛ ye
• Funteni tɛ yen nɛnɛ waati: so kɔnɔ ɲɛnamaya ani funteni kɔkanna lakananen

Sosow ani ɲɛmɔgɔyaso ka bilasiralikan¶

• Dumuni ni sɛnɛko tɔnba (FAO) ani diɲɛ waati jateminɛ jɛkulu (WMO): Dzud lasɔmini joona, baganmara ka nɛnɛ kasaara suguya (Dzud finman, nɛrɛma, jikuruw, nɛnɛ ani faralen ɲɔgɔn kan), ani baganw balocogo kɔrɔtɔlen.
• Etazuni sɛnɛko minisiriso (USDA) ka yiriwali baarada ani North Dakota / Montana Etazuni Iniwɛrisite ka jatebɔ: Tilemana baganmara ɲɛnabɔli nɛnɛba waati, funteni jugumanba dɔgɔyalen (LCT) hakɛ ladilanni, ani Subzero Stock Watering Engineering.
• Jamana ka Propane Gaz Association (NPGA) ani NFPA 58 (Liquified Petroleum Gas Code): Propane Vapor Pressure Temperature Curves, Nɛnɛ waati autorefrigeration kunbɛnni, ani Regulator Snow/Ice Clearance Safety.
• Amerika sɔrɔdasikulu ka nɛnɛ maraw ɲinini ni ɛntɛrinɛti laboratuwari (CRREL): Nɛnɛ waati baarakɛcogo gafe: Dizili sɛnɛfɛnw cili/jeli labɛnni, batiriw marali zeru jukɔrɔ, ani nɛnɛba sigiyɔrɔ injiniyɛri.
• Kungo kɔnɔ dɔgɔtɔrɔso jɛkulu (WMS): Dɔgɔtɔrɔso baarakɛcogo laadilikanw ka ɲɛsin nɛnɛ ni farigan kasaara kunbɛnni n’a furakɛli ma sigida yɔrɔjanw ni sigida gɛlɛnw na.