Ni jurudonnaw bɛ sara ɲini u somɔgɔ salen dɔ ka warisɛbɛnw na¶

Telefɔni weleli walima bataki sɔrɔli ka bɔ jurudonna kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw yɔrɔ minnu bɛ wele ko "deceased-count" jurudonna minnu b’a ɲini i fɛ i ka furuɲɔgɔn, bangebaga walima den ka karti wari sara, furakɛli wari, walima i yɛrɛ ka juru sara ka bɔ i yɛrɛ ka bɔrɛ kɔnɔ, k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ dusukasi la, o ye wariko ni dusukunnataw ta fan fɛ kɔrɔtɔko ye min bɛ i degun. Baarakɛda kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen minnu bɛ sɛbɛnw lajɛ (i n’a fɔ DCM Services, AscensionPoint Recovery Services, walima Phillips & Cohen Associates) bɛ baara kɛ bankiw ni dɔgɔtɔrɔsow fɛ walasa ka u somɔgɔw nɔfɛ minnu bɛ dusukasi la dɔgɔkun damadɔ kɔnɔ u saya kɔfɛ ani ka baara kɛ ni jalaki, jogoɲumanya degun, walima sariyakan ye min bɛ mɔgɔ hakili ɲagami walasa ka wari bɔ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka banki jatew la, ka ɲɛnamaya asiransi sarataw, walima lakɔlibila wariw la. Federal ni common law kɔnɔ Ameriki, Kanada, Angletɛri, Erɔpu Kelenyatɔnba ani Ɔsitarali jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ, a bɛ se ka fɔ ko denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw yɛrɛ tɛ jalaki abada ka u somɔgɔ salen ka juru kelen-kelen sara ka bɔ u yɛrɛ ka wari la. Mɔgɔ salen ka juruw bɛ bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka probate estate dɔrɔn de la, ani ni wari tɛ o nafolo la, o juru minnu ma garanti sariya siratigɛ la, ka sa ni mɔgɔ salen ye. I ka denbaya ka ɲɛnamaya nafolo lakanani bɛ a ɲini ka nafolo minnu tɛ probate ye (ɲɛnamaya asiransi, 401(k)/IRA jatew, ani jɛkafɔ bolomafaraw) datugu, ka FTC Policy Statement on Decedent Debt Collection ani CFPB Regulation F waleya, ka danfara fitininw jateminɛ i n’a fɔ Joint Co-Signer vs. Authorized User status walima Community Property / Filial Kunkanbaaraw sariyaw, ani ka jurudonna kelen sara abada min tɛ lakana, ka bɔ a cogo la sani i ka probate priorité sariyaw lajɛ.

Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw ye aw yɛrɛ ka lakana ni dusukunnataw dɛmɛni lakana dusukasi jugumanba waati. Ni warijɛbɔla, repo ciden, walima jurudonna kelen nana aw ka so ka farikolo bagabagali kɛ, walima ni dusukasi ni wariko degun ye hakili kɛnɛya gɛlɛya jugumanba lawuli, aw bɛ aw ka sigida wele kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw (911 Ameriki ni Kanada, 112 Erɔpu tɔnba bɛɛ kɔnɔ, 999 Angletɛri, 000 Ɔsitarali) walima 988 Yɛrɛfaga ni gɛlɛya ɲɛnamaya sira Ameriki ni Kanada. Aw bɛ mɛtɛrɛ 2 (sen 6,5) kɛ da datugulen kɔfɛ ni dunan dɔ b’a ɲini ka don.
2. I kana i somɔgɔ salen ka wari santimɛtɛrɛ kelen sara ni i yɛrɛ ka jatebɔsɛbɛn ye, karti, walima i ka ɲɛnamaya asiransi sarali. Hali ni warijɛbɔla dɔ y’a jira ko i ka jogoɲumanya wajibi don ka i bangebaga salen walima i furuɲɔgɔn tɔgɔ jɛya, i kana abada i yɛrɛ ka wari saracogo kunnafoniw di u ma walima ka i bolonɔ bila bɛnkansɛbɛn na walasa ka juru ta. Hali n’i ye nafolotigi ye walima a ɲɛmɔgɔ, i kana karti walima furakɛli wari si sara ka bɔ foro jatebɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ sisan; ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye min bɛ wele ko probate insolvency sariyaw, sudon musakaw, foro mara sara, sariya Denbaya / Homestead Allowances, ani impositi ka kan ka sara fɔlɔ, ani ka karti sosiyete dɔ sara ka bɔ a cogo la, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka jalaki bɔbaga yɛrɛ jalaki jurudonnaw ​​la minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ.
3. I kana a to abada ko karti dilabaga ka furuɲɔgɔn salen ka jatebɔsɛbɛn sɛmɛntiya walima k’a bila i tɔgɔ la fo n’i tun ye Joint Co-Applicant lakika ye kaban. Ni i tun ye Baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn ye i furuɲɔgɔn salen walima i bangebaga ka karti kan (o kɔrɔ ye ko karti tun bɛ i bolo min kan i tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen bɛ a kan walasa ka dumunifɛnw san, nka mɔgɔ salen dɔrɔn de ye a bolonɔ bila jurudonna sɛbɛn fɔlɔ la), i y’o kɛ zero legal liability for the balance. I ka karti tiɲɛ, ka baara kɛ n’a ye o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la jatebɔsɛbɛntigi salen kɔfɛ, ani ka ban fɛn o fɛn fɔlen na walasa ka jatebɔsɛbɛn bila i tɔgɔ la.
4. Aw k’a dɔn jurudonna bɛ se ka kuma mɔgɔ min fɛ sariya sira fɛ FDCPA (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c) kɔnɔ. Fɛdɛrali sariya kɔnɔ ani CFPB ka sariyasen F (12 CFR Siginiden 1006.6), jurudonna ** dagalen don kosɛbɛ ka baro kɛ mɔgɔ salen ka juru kan ni baliku denw ye, balimakɛw, bangebagaw (bakɔrɔba dɔ mɔgɔ salen), teriw, walima sigiɲɔgɔnw** fo n’o tigi ye Executeur, Administrateur, walima Personal Representative ye min sigilen don cogo labɛnnen na foro la (hali ni warijɛbɔla bɛ se ka kuma ni furuɲɔgɔn ye min bɛ balo la). Ni i tɛ furuɲɔgɔn ye min bɛ balo la walima ni i tɛ nafolotigi ye, i k’a fɔ welebaga ye ko: "Ne tɛ nafolotigi ye ani ne yɛrɛ ka jalaki tɛ nin jatebɔsɛbɛn in na. Kana kuma ne fɛ tugun."
5. I ka nafolo minnu tɛ Probate ye (Life Insurance, 401(k)/IRAs, POD/TOD Accounts, ani Joint Survivorship Homes) lakana ka bɔ nafolo jurudonnaw la. Wari min bɛ sara ka ɲɛsin hadamaden tɔgɔla nafa sɔrɔbaga ma Life Insurance policy, 401(k), 403(b), IRA, walima pension, a Payable-on-Death (POD) / Transfer-on-Death (TOD) banki walima brokerage account, walima so min bɛ Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship walima Tenancy by the Entirety kɔnɔ, o bɛ tɛmɛn probate kan pewu ani a tɛ se ka maga mɔgɔ salen ka karti la min tɛ lakana walima dɔgɔtɔrɔso lajɛbagaw fɛ.
6. Aw ye Garn-St. wele. Germain Act "Successor in Interest" lakananiw ni ipoteki bɛ denbaya ka so kan. Ni i ye denbaya ka so ciyɛn ta ka bɔ furuɲɔgɔn, bangebaga, walima i somɔgɔ salen na, fédéral sariya (Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act, 12 U.S.C. Section 1701j-3(d)(5) ani (6)) a bɛ dan sigi kosɛbɛ ipoteki jurudonna ka bɔ "Due-on-Sale" kumasen daminɛni na walima ka so juru sara dafalen ɲini. CFPB ka bonw saracogo sariyaw kɔnɔ, i ka kan ka jate Tɔnɔ sɔrɔbaga dafalen ye, ka to ka juru sara min bɛ yen, tɔnɔ dɔgɔman bɛ min na, walima ka juru caman caman cili ɲini k’a sɔrɔ i ma deli ka wari segin i yɛrɛ ka juru tɔgɔ la (aw ye a lajɛ Foreclosure notice, mortgage muɲuli, ani bɔnɛw dɔgɔyali).

flowchart TD
    A["Jɔrɔnankotigi bɛ sara ɲini a somɔgɔw salen ka warisɛbɛn na"] --> B{"Yala I yɛrɛ ye bolonɔ bila bɛnkansɛbɛn fɔlɔ la i n’a fɔ Jɛkulu min bɛ wele ko Joint Applicant / Co-Borrower wa?"}
    B -->|"Ɔwɔ: Tiɲɛni Co-Signer walima Joint Account Holder"| C["I bɛ jalaki bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ (A TƐ ni i tun ye Baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn ye); demand original signed application ka kɛɲɛ ni FDCPA ye"]
    B -->|"Ayi: Mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka juru"| D{"Yala aw sigilen bɛ sigida nafolo mara la walima Doctrine of Necessaries State la ANI aw ye Furuɲɔgɔnma ye min bɛ balo la wa?"}
    D -->|"Ɔwɔ"| E["Furuɲɔgɔnma sariya fitininw jateminɛ (misali la, sigida nafolo ni nafolo danfaralenw, walima furakɛli wari wajibiyalenw); lakanabagaw ka bolomafaraw lakana minnu tɛ sara"]
    D -->|"Ayi (walima I ye den baliku ye / Bangebagaw / Balimakɛ) ."| F["I ye ZERO kɛ i yɛrɛ ka jalaki la; aw kana sara abada ka bɔ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka nafolo la, ɲɛnamaya lasigiden, walima 401(k)/IRA"]
    F --> G{"Yala wari walima nafolo min ma bɔ a la, o bɛ mɔgɔ salen ka Probate Estate la wa?"}
    G -->|"Ayi: Insolvent / Zero-Asset Estate (Nafolo zeru)."| H["Aw ye ‘Insolvent Estate / Non-Liable Survivor Cease Letter’ sɛbɛn ci ni Sayasɛbɛn ye; Juru bɛ Sa k’a sɔrɔ a ma sara"]
    G -->|"Ɔwɔ: Solvent Probate Estate"| I["Aw kana wari lajɛbagaw sara telefɔni na; require formal Probate Creditor Claim within statutory bar window & ka sariyasen Family Allowance sara fɔlɔ"]

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Fasokan2009-09_enterneti_kalanni.dis.html,#5417331 : Sariya sanulama min bɛ juru salenw kan : Non-Probate vs Probate Assets¶

Ni mɔgɔ dɔ sara, a ka wariko ɲɛnamaya bɛ tila ka kɛ sariyasen fila ye minnu tɛ kelen ye: Nafolo minnu tɛ Probate ye (minnu bɛ tɛmɛn ka ɲɛsin mɔgɔ ɲɛnamaw ma ni bɛnkansɛbɛn walima sɛbɛn ye a saya waati) ani Probate Estate Assets (nafolo min tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen bɛ mɔgɔ salen tɔgɔ dɔrɔn na, nafa sɔrɔbaga tɔgɔ tɛ min na).

Jɔrɔnanko minnu bɛ jate i ka dusukasi la, olu tɛna o danfara fɔ i ye abada. U jigi b’a kan ko i bɛna $100.000 ɲɛnamaya asiransi sɛki ta walima i ba salen ka 401(k) rollover ani ka sɛki sɛbɛn Visa, Mastercard ani dɔgɔtɔrɔso ma. A faamuya nafolo minnu tɛ se ka maga sariya siratigɛ la, nafolo jurudonnaw fɛ minnu tɛ lakana:

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Dakun 2nan : Danfara fitinin 5 minnu bɛ yen, denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ min bɛ balo la, o bɛ se ka jalaki yɔrɔ minnu na¶

Sani i ka ban warijɛbɔla dɔ ka ɲinini na, i ka nin sariyako kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen duuru ninnu sɛgɛsɛgɛ walasa k’a dɔn ni danfara dɔ bɛ i kan:

1. Tiɲɛni Jatebla jɛlentigi / bolonɔbilabaga ni "Baarakɛla yamaruyalen".¶

• Baarakɛla min yamaruyara (ZERO Liability): Furuɲɔgɔn salen ye karti da wuli u yɛrɛ tɔgɔ la, ka karti filanan komandi, i tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen bɛ min kan walasa i ka se ka baara kɛ ni jatebɔsɛbɛn ye. Fɛdɛrali ka Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA, Regulation B) ani Truth in Lending Act (TILA) kɔnɔ, Baarakɛla min yamaruyalen don, o ka kan ka zero contractual liability ka wari tɔ sara karti fɔlɔ tigi salen kɔfɛ.
• Jɛɲɔgɔnya ɲininikɛla / bolonɔbilabaga (Kunkanko dafalen): Aw ni mɔgɔ salen fila bɛɛ ye aw bolonɔ bila jurudonna sɛbɛn fɔlɔ la (walima layidu sɛbɛn) i n’a fɔ jurudonna jɛɲɔgɔnw, ani jurudonna ye aw ka juruko jatebɔsɛbɛn fila bɛɛ lajɛ u bɔyɔrɔ la (aw ye sɛbɛn ɲɛ Cosigner default, juru jɛ-ka-baara, ani juru lakanani).
• I bɛ se k’a jira cogo min na i ye min ye: I ka FDCPA Debt Validation Demand (15 U.S.C. Section 1692g) sɛbɛn ci k’a ɲini ka ** jurudonna sɛbɛn fɔlɔ min bolonɔ bilala walima jurudonɲɔgɔn ka bɛnkansɛbɛn** min kɔnɔ i yɛrɛ bolonɔ bilalen bɛ o kan. Ni banki tɛ se ka jurudonɲɔgɔn ka bɛnkansɛbɛn dɔ dilan min bolonɔ bilala i fɛ, i tun ye Baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn de ye, wa i ka juru bɛ $0 na.

2. Sigida nafolo jamanaw (Furuɲɔgɔnma minnu bɛ balo la dɔrɔn) .¶

U.S. jamana kɔnɔntɔn bɛ baara kɛ Sigida ka nafolo sariya kɔnɔ: Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, ani Wisconsin (ka fara Alaska kan ni furuɲɔgɔnmaw y’a sugandi). - Furuɲɔgɔnma kelen-kelen bɛɛ ye juru minnu ta furu waati furuɲɔgɔnma jɛkulu nafa kama, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ jate sigida ka juruw ye, o kɔrɔ ye ko sigida ka nafolomafɛnw minnu bɛ furuɲɔgɔnma fila bolo, olu bɛ se ka sɔrɔ walasa k’o juruw sara. - Dan minnu bɛ furuɲɔgɔnmaw lakana sigida nafolo la, olu b’a fɔ ko: Furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la, o ka Nafolo danfaralen (nafolo minnu bɛ a bolo ka kɔn furu ɲɛ, ciyɛn/nilifɛn minnu bɛ sɔrɔ i kelen na, ani ɲɛnamaya asiransi wari min bɛ sara i ye i n’a fɔ nafa sɔrɔbaga) a ka c’a la a bɛ lakana ka bɔ furuɲɔgɔn salen ka juru danfaralenw na fo n’i yɛrɛ ye bolonɔ bila bɛnkansɛbɛn na walima sariya fitinin dɔ bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin wajibiw ma (i n’a fɔ Kalifɔrni denbaya sariyasen 914, min bɛ san 1 sariya gɛlɛn dɔ kɔnɔ min bɛ Kalifɔrini sariyasen 366.2 kɔnɔ saya kɔfɛ). Texas kɔnɔ, furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la, o bɛ a yɛrɛ ka jalaki zeru sɔrɔ furuɲɔgɔn salen kelen-kelen ka karti juruw la fo ni juru tun ye sariya ka wajibi kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de kama (Texas Family Code Siginiden 3.201), ani Texas Constitutional Homestead ani mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka nafolo bɔli bɛ du nafolo lakana ka bɔ jurudonnaw ma minnu tɛ lakana.

3. "Doctrine de nécessaires" min bɛ furakɛli ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso wari labanw kan (Furuɲɔgɔnmaw dɔrɔn) .¶

U.S. common-law jamana tilancɛ ɲɔgɔn na (i n’a fɔ New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, ani Indiana), kiritigɛsow walima sariyaw bɛ Doctrine of Necessaries jate, o min bɛ se ka furuɲɔgɔn min tora, o jalaki furakɛli walima dɔgɔtɔrɔso musaka wajibiyalenw la, u furuɲɔgɔn salen ye minnu kɛ furu waati la, ni furuɲɔgɔn salen ka nafolo ma se ka sara. Jamana caman wɛrɛw, i n’a fɔ Alabama, Floride, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, ani New York, olu ye ban sariyabaju Doctrine of Necessaries walima bar ka furuɲɔgɔn jalaki fo ni furuɲɔgɔn min tora, o yɛrɛ y’a bolonɔ bila wariko garanti dɔ la. - Furuɲɔgɔn salen ka dɔgɔtɔrɔso wari bɔcogo: Hali ni Doctrine of Necessaries jamana kɔnɔ, aw kana dɔgɔtɔrɔso ka stika sɔngɔ sara abada. Kɔnɔna sɔrɔko sariyasen 501® kɔnɔ, Ameriki dɔgɔtɔrɔso bɛɛ min tɛ tɔnɔ ɲini, o ka kan ka Nafolo dɛmɛni sariya (Charity Care) sɛbɛn di, min bɛ dɔgɔtɔrɔso wari 50% fo 100% bɔ duw la minnu bɛ se ka 200% fo 400% sɔrɔ Fɛderasiyɔn ka faantanya hakɛ la (kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, duw ka sɔrɔ dɔgɔyara ka da a kan furuɲɔgɔnma ka saya). Aw bɛ Post-Death Hospital Charity Care ɲini joona (aw ye sɛbɛn ɲɛ Dɔgɔtɔrɔso waribɔ, dɔgɔtɔrɔso wari dɛmɛni, ani dɛmɛnbagaw ka ladonni).

4. Mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so "Jamanakuntigi" ka bɛnkansɛbɛnw (Federal Nursing Home Reform Act Ban) .¶

Ni bangebaga kɔrɔba dɔ donna mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so, donko biro bɛ to k’a ɲini den baliku fɛ a ka a bolonɔ bila "Parte responsable" la, o kɔfɛ, a bɛ den yɛrɛ sendon kiritigɛ la, wari min ma sara. - I ka Fɛderasiyɔn ka Shield (42 U.S.C. Section 1396r©(5)(A)(ii) & 42 CFR Section 483.15(a)(3)): Fɛderasiyɔn ka Nursing Home Reform Act kɔnɔ, mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so o mɔgɔ bɛ sɔn Medicare walima Medicaid ma, a dagalen don kosɛbɛ fédéral sariya fɛ, a kana mɔgɔ sabanan (i n’a fɔ baliku den) wajibiya a yɛrɛ ma garanti sarali i n’a fɔ don walima ka taa a fɛ sigili sarati. - Mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so bɛ se k’a ɲini den baliku dɔrɔn de fɛ min bɛ ni Setigiya ye walima min bɛ bangebaga ka nafolo ɲɛnabɔ, a ka o yɔrɔ sara ka bɔ bangebaga yɛrɛ ka sɔrɔ la ani Medikedi nafolo la. U tɛ se ka i wajibiya ka wari sara ka bɔ i yɛrɛ ka waribɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ fo n’i y’i bangebaga ka Lakanali Sosiali walima penisiyɔn sɛgɛsɛgɛliw bila sira wɛrɛ kan i yɛrɛ ye. San 2022 Zuluyekalo la, CFPB ni CMS ye fédéral ka lasɔmini jɛ-ka-baara kɛ k’a jira ko mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so ni jurudonna minnu bɛ denmisɛnnin balikuw sendon "Parte responsable" sariyaw kɔnɔ, olu bɛ Nursing Home Reform Act ni FDCPA fila bɛɛ tiɲɛ.

5. Medicaid Estate Recovery Program (MERP): Ni jamana bɛ se ka so ɲini ani ni a tɛ se ka so ɲini¶

Ni i bangebaga walima i furuɲɔgɔn salen ye Medicaid ladonni kuntaalajan nafaw sɔrɔ san 55 kɔfɛ, jamana fanga ka sariya (42 U.S.C. Section 1396p(b)) b’a ɲini jamana ka Medikedi baarada fɛ a ka kɛnɛya ɲini ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka nafolo la (Medicaid Estate Recovery Program / MERP). - Federal ka dankarili wajibiyalenw minnu bɛ Medikedi bali ka taa ni denbaya ye so: 42 U.S.C. Siginiden 1396p(b)(2), jamana TƐ SE ka bɔ so walima foro la ni Medikedi sɔrɔbaga salen tora ni ninnu ye: (1) furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la, (2) den min si tɛ san 21 bɔ, walima (3) den si hakɛ o san ye fiyentɔ ye walima min ye fiyentɔ ye kudayi ani min ye fiyentɔ ye pewu (Lakanali Sosiali kɔnɔ SSI/SSDI ka sariyaw). - Adult Caregiver Child & Sibling Exemptions: Fɛdɛrali sariya fana bɛ so bɔ ni den baliku dɔ tun sigilen bɛ bangebaga ka so kɔnɔ san 2 tɛmɛnenw na a dɔgɔyalenba la sani a ka don mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so ani ka ladonni kɛ min ye dɔgɔtɔrɔso ladonni bila kɔfɛ, OR ni balimakɛ min ka nafa bɛ bɛn a ma, o tun sigilen bɛ so kɔnɔ san 1 ni kɔ sani a ka don. Jamana bɛɛ ka kan fana ka Medicaid Undue Hardship Waiver di (a ka c’a la, ni tile 30 fo tile 60 ɲinini waati dantigɛlen don).

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Dakun 3nan : FTC ni CFPB sariyaw minnu bɛ fɛnw lajɛbagaw bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ cogo min na mɔgɔ kisilenw fɛ¶

FTC ka politiki kunnafoni min bɛ mɔgɔ salenw ka juruw kan (2011) ani CFPB sariyasen F (CFR sigida 12 1006.2(e) ani 1006.6) kɔnɔ, jurudonnaw ka kan ka fédéral sariya gɛlɛn naani labato:

1. Strict Limit on who Can Be Contacted (12 CFR Section 1006.6(a)(4)): Fo n’i sɔnna, warijɛbɔla bɛ se ka baro kɛ mɔgɔ salen ka juru kan dɔrɔn ni: (a) furuɲɔgɔn ye min bɛ balo la, (b) bangebaga (DƆRƆN ni mɔgɔ salen tun ye denmisɛnnin ye), © sariya la ladonbaga, walima (d) ni Etecuteur, Administrateur, walima Personnel Lasigiden ka ɲɛsin nafolo ma. Jagokɛla bɛ se ka somɔgɔw wɛrɛw wele siɲɛ kelen dɔrɔn walasa ka Executeur ka ladɛrɛsi ɲini, wa a tɛ se k’a jira ko juru tun bɛ mɔgɔ salen na (15 U.S.C. Section 1692b).
2. Baara kɛli ka somɔgɔw lafili mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka jalaki ko la (15 U.S.C. Section 1692e): Jagokɛla bɛ jamana ka sariya tiɲɛ ni a y’a fɔ walima n’a y’a jira ko denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ dɔ ka kan ka juru sara ka bɔ a yɛrɛ ka nafolo la, a ka ɲɛnamaya asiransi la, walima a ka lakɔlibila nafaw la, k’a sɔrɔ u tɛ jalaki sariya sira fɛ.
3. Kunnafoni wajibiyalen ko sarali bɛ ɲini ka bɔ nafolo dɔrɔn de la: Jagokɛlaw ka kan k’a jira k’a jɛya ko wari sarali bɛ ɲini den salen ka nafolo dɔrɔn de la, a tɛ kɛ ka bɔ u somɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka wari la.
4. Jo ka weleli ni batakiw bɛɛ dabila joona (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c©): Furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la, Executeur, walima Personnel Lasigiden bɛ se ka Cease-and-Desist Notice sɛbɛn ci min bɛ warijɛ lajɛbaga wajibiya ka telefɔni weleli ni batakiw bɛɛ jɔ.

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Dakun 4nan : Probate priority of claims: Mun na executeurs man kan ka kartiw sara fɔlɔ abada¶

U.S. jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ (a misali kɛra Uniform Probate Code Section 3-805 kan), juruw ka kan ka sara Statutory Waterfall of Priority cogo gɛlɛn na:

1. Kalasi 1 (Fɔlɔba): Estate Administration musakaw ni musakaw (Kiritigɛso ka sɛbɛnw bilali sara, probate avocat sara, ani Executor commissions).
2. Kalasi 2: Denbaya ka bolomafara min bɛ sariya kɔnɔ, Homestead Allowance, ani Exempt Property Allowance (A bɛ se ka fɔ ko jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ, furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la ani den fitininw/denmisɛn minnu bɛ u bolo olu bɛ se ka Denbaya dɛmɛni sariya sira fɛ ani nafolo min ma bɔ a la, tuma caman na $15,000 fo $60,000+ warijɛ ni nafolo la, ka bɔ sanfɛ o estati SANI jurudonna minnu tɛ lakana sɔrɔ, olu ka warijɛ sɔrɔ).
3. Kalasi 3nan: Sudon, sudon ani sudon musaka bɛnnenw.
4. Kalasi 4nan: Jɔrɔnankow ni takasi minnu ka fisa ni fɛɛrɛ ye Fɛderasiyɔn sariya kɔnɔ (i n’a fɔ IRS ka takasi sarabaliw ka kɛɲɛ ni Federal Priority Statute, 31 U.S.C. Section 3713 ye, min bɛ jalaki bɔ baarakɛla dɔ yɛrɛ la ni u ye kartiw sara sani u ka IRS sara).
5. Kalasi 5nan: Bana laban furakɛli ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso musaka bɛnnenw (ani Medicaid Estate Recovery ɲininiw).
6. Kalasi 6nan: Jamana ni sigida ka takasi.
7. Kalasi 7 (Fɔlɔ min ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ): Fɔli tɔw bɛɛ, i n’a fɔ kartiw minnu tɛ lakana, mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka juruw, sara don juruw, nafamafɛnw warisɛbɛnw, ani dɛsɛ balansiw.

A ka kɛ ko i fa salen sara ni dɔrɔmɛ 22 000 ye a ka jatebɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ ani dɔrɔmɛ 35 000 karti juru la. Ni sudon musaka ye dɔrɔmɛ 8000 ye, probate administration musaka ye dɔrɔmɛ 2000 ye, ani i ka jamana ye dɔrɔmɛ 15000 di Denbaya min bɛ sariya kɔnɔ / nafolo min ma bɔ a la, o dɔrɔmɛ 22000 kɛmɛsarada la 100 bɛ taa sudon so ni denbaya min bɛ balo la sariya siratigɛ la, kalanso 1, 2 ani 3 kɔnɔ, ka ** $0 to Kalasi 7nan ka juru la kartiw**, minnu bɛ bɔ sariya sira fɛ.

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Fasokan2009-09_enterneti_kalanni.dis.html,#5417335 : Sɛbɛnw dama kelen na walasa ka Deceased-Account Collectors jɔ¶

Jatebla 1: Non-responsable Surviving Som & Insolvent/No-Estate Cease Letter (A ka ca kosɛbɛ)¶

[Date]

VIA CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Tracking Number: [Insert Tracking Number]

To: [Name of Deceased-Account Collection Agency / Creditor]
[Street Address, City, State/Province, Postal Code]

Re: Deceased Account Holder: [Full Name of Deceased Relative] | Date of Death: [Insert Date]
Account / Reference Number: [Insert Account Number]

NOTICE OF DEATH, INSOLVENT / NO-PROBATE ESTATE STATUS, NON-LIABILITY OF SURVIVORS,
AND DEMAND TO CEASE ALL COMMUNICATIONS (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c(c))

To Whom It May Concern:

Please take formal notice that [Full Name of Deceased Relative] passed away on [Date of Death]. A copy of the Death Certificate [with cause of death and Social Security number redacted for privacy, or unredacted if closing an original bank account] is enclosed.

1. NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF SURVIVING FAMILY:
I am the [surviving spouse / adult child / sibling / relative] of the decedent. I did not co-sign or jointly apply for this account, and I have zero personal legal liability for the decedent's individual debts. Under the Federal Trade Commission Policy Statement on Decedents' Debts and CFPB Regulation F (12 CFR Part 1006), any representation that a surviving family member must pay this debt from personal funds, life insurance proceeds, or retirement benefits is unlawful.

2. NO PROBATE ESTATE / INSOLVENT ESTATE:
The decedent left no probate estate [OR: The decedent's estate is insolvent and contains no non-exempt assets available for Class 7 general unsecured creditors after statutory funeral expenses, administration costs, and statutory family/exempt property allowances]. No probate proceeding will be opened for the purpose of paying unsecured claims, and this account must be written off as uncollectible due to death.

3. DEMAND TO CEASE AND DESIST ALL COMMUNICATIONS (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c(c)):
Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 1692c(c) and 12 CFR Section 1006.6, I hereby demand that you immediately CEASE AND DESIST all further telephone calls, letters, and communications to me or any member of my family regarding this account, except to confirm in writing that this account has been closed.

Sincerely,
[Your Printed Name & Mailing Address]

Jatebla 2: Baarakɛla / Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ɲinini ka ɲɛsin Probate Claim Formal & FDCPA Validation ma¶

[Date]

VIA CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Tracking Number: [Insert Tracking Number]

To: [Name of Collection Agency / Creditor] ([Street Address])

Re: Estate of [Full Name of Decedent], Deceased
Probate Court & Case Number: [Name of County Probate/Surrogate's Court, Case #]
Alleged Account Number: [Insert Account Number]

NOTICE OF FORMAL PROBATE ADMINISTRATION, FDCPA VALIDATION DEMAND (15 U.S.C. Section 1692g),
AND MAIL-ONLY CEASE NOTICE (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c)

To Whom It May Concern:

I am the court-appointed [Executor / Administrator / Personal Representative] of the Estate of [Full Name of Decedent].

1. DEMAND FOR DEBT VALIDATION (15 U.S.C. Section 1692g):
The Estate formally disputes the validity and amount of the alleged debt referenced above. Please provide complete written validation, including the original signed contract or application, an itemized accounting of all principal, interest, and fees, and proof of chain of assignment.

2. REQUIREMENT TO FILE FORMAL PROBATE CREDITOR CLAIM:
The Estate will not make any informal or telephone payments to any creditor. If you contend that you hold a valid claim against the Estate, you must file a formal, verified Creditor's Claim with the [Name of County Probate/Surrogate's Court] in strict compliance with state probate non-claim statutes before the statutory creditor bar deadline. Any verified claim timely filed will be paid strictly in accordance with the statutory priority of claims under state probate law (after Class 1 to 6 administration costs, statutory family allowances, funeral expenses, and priority taxes) to the extent solvent estate funds remain.

3. CEASE ALL TELEPHONE CALLS:
Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. Section 1692c, you are directed to cease all telephone calls to me and communicate solely in writing at the estate mailing address below.

Sincerely,
[Your Signature & Printed Name], as Personal Representative of the Estate of [Decedent Name]
[Estate Mailing Address]

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Dakun 6nan : Duniya kɔnɔ mɔgɔ kisilenw ka juruw lakanani sariyaw¶

• Royaume-Uni (Administration des Estates Act 1925, A fɔ an ye siɲɛ kelen, & Saya kunnafoni baarakɛyɔrɔ):
• Zero Survivor Liability: Angletɛri, Gales, Ɛsipeɲi ani Irlandi woroduguyanfan na, furuɲɔgɔn, siwili jɛɲɔgɔn, walima den tɛ abada mɔgɔ salen ka juru kelen-kelen bɛɛ jalaki fo n’u ye u bolonɔ bila jɛ-ka-baara bɛnkansɛbɛn na walima u yɛrɛ ka garanti sɛbɛnnen dɔ. Mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka juruw bɛ sara ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka nafolo dɔrɔn de la.
• So minnu bɛ kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ (Joint Tenants vs. Tenants in Common): Ni furuɲɔgɔnma dɔ y’u ka so tigi ye i n’a fɔ Joint Tenants, mɔgɔ salen ka niyɔrɔ bɛ tɛmɛ a yɛrɛma ni ɲɛnamaya ye ka taa jɛɲɔgɔn balolen ma saya waati la, wa A TƐ kɛ probate estate kɔnɔ.
• Statutory Insolvent Estate Order: Administration of Estates Act 1925 ani Administration of Insolvent Estates of Deceased Persons Order 1986 kɔnɔ, sudon, testament, ani administration musaka bɛnnenw de ye fɔlɔ ye ka tɛmɛ jurudonnaw ​​bɛɛ kan minnu tɛ lakana. Baara kɛ ni gɔfɛrɛnaman ka Tell Us Once baarakɛcogo fu ye walasa ka HMRC, DWP, DVLA, ani conseil impositi birow ladɔnniya, ani ka baara kɛ ni Death Notification Service ye walasa ka Angletɛri bankibaw ladɔnniya waati kelen na walasa ka tɔnɔ bila ani ka warijɛbɔ sɛbɛnw jɔ.
• Kanada (Provincial Trustee Acts, Survivorship, & Ɲɛnamaya asiransi/RRSP minnu ma bɔ kaso la):
• Kanada mara bɛɛ kɔnɔ, denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw tɛ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka jalaki zeru sɔrɔ u somɔgɔ salen ka karti kelen-kelenw na, jurudon siraw, walima impositi juruw la fo n’u ye u bolonɔ bila juru la ɲɔgɔn fɛ walima n’u ye foro nafolo tilacogo bɛnbali sɔrɔ sani Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) ka Clearance Certificate di Sɔrɔko Takisi sariya kɔnɔ.
• Nafolo lakananen minnu tɛ nafolo ye: Marabolow ka Asiransi sariyaw ani Succession Law Reform Acts (misali la, Ontario SLRA), Ɲɛnamaya Asiransi polisiw, RRSPw, RRIFs, ani TFSAw minnu tɔgɔ ye ko nafa sɔrɔbaga ɲɛnama bɛ tɛmɛ nafolo kɔkan ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka karti la min ma lakana ani banki jurudonnaw (hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ CRA bɛ se ka RRSP nafa sɔrɔbaga dɔ jateminɛ mɔgɔ salen ka sɔrɔta impositi sarabali la min bɛ tali kɛ RRSP la ka kɛɲɛ ni Sɔrɔta impositi sariya sigida 160.2 ye ni nafolo tɛ se ka sara). Marabolo Trustee Acts kɔnɔ, sudon ni sudon musaka bɛnnenw de ye fɔlɔ ye ka tɛmɛ jurudonnaw ​​kan minnu tɛ lakana.
• Australia (Superannuation Saya nafaw, Ɲɛnamaya asiransi, & Insolvent Deceased Estates):
• Ɔsitarali jamana na, somɔgɔw yɛrɛ tɛ jalaki abada mɔgɔ salen kelen-kelen ka juruw la. Banki filili sariya san 1966 (Cth) (Sigida 116(2)(d)) ani Asiransi bɛnkansɛbɛnw sariya san 1984 (Cth) (Sigida 48) kɔnɔ, Superannuation saya nafaw ani Ɲɛnamaya asiransi wari minnu bɛ sara k’a ɲɛsin nafa sɔrɔbaga ma min bɛ a bolo walima min tɔgɔ fɔra, olu bɛ walew bɔ a la ani ka lakana ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka jurudonnaw la, hali ni mɔgɔ salen ka nafolo ye banki fili pewu Banki filili sariya 1966 tilayɔrɔba XI kɔnɔ.

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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Mun bɛ kɛ ni ne ye "Baarakɛla yamaruyalen" ye ne furuɲɔgɔn salen ka karti kan ani ni banki ye balansi min ma dafa, o fɔ N ka juruko jatebɔsɛbɛn kan?¶

Ni i tun ye Baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn ye (wa i tun tɛ jɛ-ka-baarakɛla ye), sariya siratigɛ la, i ka jalaki zeru tɛ o tɔ la. Fɔlɔ, i ka telefɔni kɛ walima ka sɛbɛn ci karti dibaga ka dusukasi / mɔgɔ salenw ka jatebɔ baarada ma walasa ka kartitigi fɔlɔ ka saya fɔ ani k’a ɲini i fɛ i tɔgɔ ka ban joona i n’a fɔ Baarakɛla min yamaruyara. Filanan, Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. Section 1681i) kɔnɔ, ka sɔsɔli kɛ ɛntɛrinɛti kan walima sɛbɛn fɛ Equifax, Experian ani TransUnion fɛ k’a fɔ ko: "Ne tun ye Baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn de ye nin jatebɔsɛbɛn in kan; kartitigi fɔlɔ sara, wa ne tɛ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ. Aw ye nin jago sira in bɔ ne ka juruko jatebɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ joona." Kredi birow bɛ to ka Authorized User jagokɛyɔrɔw bɔ tile 14 fo 30 kɔnɔ sɔsɔli kɔfɛ.

Yala ne bɛ se ka to ka n furuɲɔgɔn walima n bangebaga salen ka mobili boli, walima ka banki bali ka a ta kokura wa?¶

Ni mobili juru bɛ ​​mobili la min bɛ baara kɛ, mobili jurudonna bɛ bolomafara lakananen dɔ mara mobili tɔgɔ kan. Ni mɔgɔ si ma mobili sara kalo o kalo, jurudonna ka kan ka mobili yɛrɛ ta kokura, hali n’u tɛ se ka denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ minnu bɛ balo la, olu yɛrɛ sendon kiritigɛ la, dɛsɛ tɔ tolen kɔfɛ, a minɛni kɔfɛ (o dɛsɛ ye ɲinini ye min tɛ lakana ka ɲɛsin probate estate dɔrɔn ma). Ni mobili nafa ka dɔgɔ ni juru tɔ ye, i bɛ se ka mobili jurudonna wele, k’a fɔ u ye ko jurudonna sara, ka fɛɛrɛ tigɛ ka konnɛgɛw di i yɛrɛ sago la walasa i kana juru sɔrɔ i ka bɔrɛ kɔnɔ. N’i b’a fɛ ka mobili mara, i ka taa a fɛ ka kalosara kɛ waati la ani ka baara kɛ ni i ka jamana ka DMV ye Layidu talen min bɛ wele ko Transfert sans Probate walasa ka tɔgɔ in wuli ka bɔ a nɔ na.

Yala IRS walima jamana ka impositi baarada bɛ se ka furuɲɔgɔn walima den baliku bila ka mɔgɔ salen kɔ sɔrɔta impositi sara wa?¶

An baliku den walima a somɔgɔ wɛrɛ tɛ a yɛrɛ jalaki abada bangebaga salen ka IRS walima jamana ka sɔrɔta impositi sarabaliw la (fo ni den kɛra Executor ye ani ka foro wari tila ciyɛntalaw ma sanni a ka IRS sara ka kɛɲɛ ni 31 U.S.C. Section 3713 ye). Ka da a kan a furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la, i yɛrɛ bɛ furuɲɔgɔn salen ka sɔrɔta juru sara dɔrɔn n' i y' i bolonɔ bila a Impositi sɛbɛn jɛlen (Furulenw ka jɛ-ka-baara) . o impositi san kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen in kama. Hali n’i ye i bolonɔ bila jɛ-ka-baara deklarasiyɔn na, ni impositi juru bɔra i furuɲɔgɔn salen ka sɔrɔ la min ma fɔ walima ni filiw ye i tun tɛ minnu dɔn, i bɛ se ka o sɛbɛn di IRS Formulaire 8857 (Dɛmɛ ɲini furuɲɔgɔn jalakibali fɛ) . ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya 26 U.S.C. Siginiden 6015 walasa IRS ka i labɔ i yɛrɛ ka jalakiw la.

"Short-Term Probate Creditor Bar Window" ye mun ye, ani a bɛ mɔgɔ salen ka juruw bɔ yen kudayi cogo di?¶

Jamana bɛɛ ka Probate Code kɔnɔ, a Sariya min tɛ jalaki bɔli ye. Ni Executeur dɔ ye probate da yele ka forobaciyɛn dɔ bɔ Ladɔnniyali ka ɲɛsin jurudonnaw ma sigida kunnafonisɛbɛn dɔ kɔnɔ (ani ka kunnafoni tilennen ci jurudonna dɔnbagaw ma), jamana sariya bɛ jatebɔ waati gɛlɛn dɔ sigi sen kan, a ka c’a la, o dɔrɔn Kalo 3 fo kalo 6 (misali la, kalo 4 kɛra Kalifɔrni ni Masasi, kalo 3 Floride ni Washinton). Jɛkulu o jurudonna ma se ka jurudonna ka ɲinini sɛbɛn sɛbɛnnen dɔ di sanni o kalo 3 fo kalo 6 waati ka ban, o ye sariya ye min bali fo abada ka bɔ santimɛtɛrɛ kelen dalajɛli la. Hali ni mɔgɔ si ma probate da wuli hali dɔɔnin, jamana caman bɛ ni kɛnɛma dafalen ye San 1 walima san 2 Saya kɔfɛ sariya min bɛ kɛ (i n’a fɔ Kalifɔrni sariyasen sigida 366.2 walima Floride sariyasenw sigida 733.710) o kɔfɛ, a bɛ se ka fɔ ko mɔgɔ salen ka ɲininiw bɛɛ bɛ ban pewu, minnu tɛ lakana.

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Sosow sɛgɛsɛgɛra¶

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (Amerika): Politiki fɔli min ɲɛsinnen bɛ kumaɲɔgɔnya ma min ɲɛsinnen bɛ mɔgɔ salenw ka juruw lajɛli ma, 76 Fed. Reg. 44915 (Zuluyekalo tile 27, san 2011) ani FTC ka laadilikanw: juruw ni somɔgɔw salenw.
• Mɔgɔw ​​ladonni nafolo lakanani biro (CFPB) (Amerika): Sariyasen F (Jɔrɔnanko siratigɛ la sariya), CFR sigida 12 1006.2(e) ani 1006.6(a)(4) CFPB & CMS jɛ-ka-baara ladilikan min bɛ mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so sabananw ka garanti dantigɛliw kan (2022); ani Sariyasen X / Z Successor in Interest sariyaw.
• AN. Kongresi Fɛdɛrali sariyaw (Amerika): Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions sariya min bɔra san 1982, 12 U.S.C. Siginiden 1701j-3(d)nan; Mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so labɛnni sariya, 42 U.S.C. Siginiden 1396r©(5)(A)(ii); Medicaid ka nafolo seginni sariya, 42 U.S.C. Siginiden 1396p(b)(2)nan na; ani Kode Uniform Probate (UPC) Sigida 3-805.
• Angletɛri gɔfɛrɛnaman, Kanada sɔrɔko tɔn / mara minisiriso, & Ɔsitarali nafolo lakanani ɲɛmɔgɔso (AFSA): Administration of Estates Act 1925 & Insolvent Estates Order 1986 (UK); Ontario Succession Law Reform Act & Trustee sariya (Kanada); ani Banki filili sariya 1966 (Cth) Sigida 116(2)(d) & Yɔrɔ XI (Ɔsitarali).

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Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Probate lockout, estate freeze, ani executeur kɔrɔtɔko fanga
• Ɲɛnamaya asiransi ɲininiw bilali kɔfɛ, nafa sɔrɔbagaw ka sɔsɔli, ani sayasɛbɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛli
• Sɔrɔ fɔlɔ sɔrɔbaga bɔnɛni
• Jɛkulu minnu bɛ juruw ta, olu ka tɔɔrɔ
• Dɔgɔtɔrɔso waribɔ, dɔgɔtɔrɔso wari dɛmɛni, ani dɛmɛnbagaw ka ladonni
• Foreclosure notice, mortgage muɲuli, ani bɔnɛw dɔgɔyali
• Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ka kɛɲɛ ni jamana ye