Kɔrɔtɔko kumaɲɔgɔnya ni selilɛri sankansow dɛsɛra: Sateliti SOS, NOAA arajo ani GMRS¶

Ni dugukolo yɛrɛyɛrɛba, sanfiɲɛba, kungo tasuma, walima marabolo kuran tiɲɛna, selilɛriw bɛ dɛsɛ cogo fila la: a fɔlɔ, ɛntɛrinɛti jɔli teliya la, o bɛ kumakan weleli bali segin damadɔ kɔnɔ, k’a sɔrɔ duguden miliyɔn caman bɛ telefɔni ci waati kelen na filanan, selilɛri sankanso kɔkan batiriw ni dizili jenitɛriw bɛ ja sanga 4 fo sanga 24 kɔfɛ, ka mara bɛɛ fili "no service" dibi la. PACE (Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency) kumaɲɔgɔnya bolodalen layɛrɛ dɔ jɔli, ka smartfon direct-to-satellite SOS ni cikanw fara ɲɔgɔn kan, ka NOAA/emergency broadcast receivers minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni batiri ye, denbaya ka arajo fila sira fila (FRS/GMRS/PMR446) minnu bɛ lase sariya kelen-kelen bɛɛ la, ani arajo amateur, o bɛ ɲɛnamaya sira di i ka denbaya ma ni rezow ni ɛntɛrinɛti tɛ yen.

Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. SMS cikan surunw ci sanni i ka kan weleli kɛ ni selilɛriw barika ka dɔgɔ walima ni u falen don. Kumakan weleli bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ciriw kan min bɛ to senna, min ka bon kosɛbɛ, min bɛ sankansobaw jigin o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ, k’a sɔrɔ SMS sɛbɛn pake bɛ don réseau control channel fitinin kɔnɔ, wa a bɛna layidu ta ani ka ci a yɛrɛma o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la, micro-burst of bandwidth min bɛ da wuli waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ.
2. I ka bɔ kɛnɛma ni sankolo dafalen yecogo jɛlen ye walasa ka baara kɛ ni i ka telefɔni seleke naani Satellite SOS ni Satellite Texting ye. Bi telefɔni seleke naani (Apple iPhone 14 ani a kura, Google Pixel 9 ani a kura, ani Samsung Galaxy S25/minɛn kura flagship sugandilenw) bɛ se ka SOS kɔrɔtɔlen cikanw ni sira fila sɛbɛnniw ci k’a ɲɛsin dugukolo jukɔrɔla-yɔrɔ (LEO) walima dugukolo-yɔrɔ-satelitiw ma ni zeru selilɛri ni Wi-Fi taamasiyɛnw bɛ yen. I jɔ yɔrɔ jan jiri janw na, kɔdingɛ kogow la minnu ka jan, ani boon sanfɛtaw, ka telefɔni minɛ i bolo la i yɛrɛ la, ani ka tugu sateliti jiralan taamasiyɛn na min bɛ ɛkran kan.
3. Aw ka denbaya ka relay contact kelen sugandi min tɛ mara kɔnɔ, min sigilen bɛ kilomɛtɛrɛ 160 ni kɔ. Sigida balawu waati la, jirisunba minnu bɛ taa yɔrɔ jan, n’u bɛ bɔ mara min tɔɔrɔla, olu ka teli ka tɛmɛ siraba kan nɔgɔya la ka tɛmɛ sigida sankanso ni sankanso sira kan. Denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka kan k’a ka jɔyɔrɔ n’a sigiyɔrɔ ci o mɔgɔ kelen ma min bɛ jamana kɔkan walima min tɛ mara kɔnɔ, o min bɛ kɛ denbaya bɛɛ ka cikan-sɛbɛn cɛmancɛ ye. Aw ye an ka denbaya ka kɔrɔtɔko bolodacogo.
4. Aw ka batiri bɛ baara kɛ ni Weather Alert Radio ye ni Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) ye aw ka mara walima aw ka mara la. Aw ye NOAA Weather Radio kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ mara (Etazuni ani Kanada) walima DAB+/AM/FM batiri ni bololabɔlan kɔrɔtɔlen kunnafonidilan sɔrɔ aw ka sufɛlan kan walasa fɔɲɔba, sanjiba, tsunami, walima mɔgɔw bɔli lasɔminiw ka aw lawuli 3h waati hali ni seli sankansow dɛsɛra.
5. Aw ka denbaya ka arajo sira fila sira ni danbe ton sigi ka kɔn bolola FRS walima GMRS walkie-talkies kan. Aw bɛ 3-3-3 Arajo porogaramu nɔgɔman sɛbɛn bolola arajo kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔfɛ ni taamasiyɛn banbali ye (misali la: "Channel 3, Privacy Code 0, aw bɛ arajo ON miniti 10 kɔnɔ 9:00, 12:00, 3:00, ani 6:00") walasa denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ minnu farala ɲɔgɔn kan sigida dɔ kɔnɔ, olu ka se ka kuma k’a sɔrɔ u ma arajo batiriw bɔ u la, u kɛtɔ ka jaabiw to tile bɛɛ la.
6. I ka telefɔni seleke naani wuli ka taa Low Power Mode la, ka kɔkan Wi-Fi/Bluetooth scanning bali, ka Airplane Mode wuli ni zeru sankansow bɛ yen. Ni selilɛri sankansow sara, i ka telefɔni seleke naani bɛ a kɔnɔna arajo cikan bonya fo ka se watti caman ma k’a to sankanso ɲinini na, ka batiri dafalen bɔ sanga 3 fo sanga 4 kɔnɔ. Telefɔni bila Avion Mode la ani k’a kunun siɲɛ kelen lɛrɛ kɔnɔ lɛrɛ kɔnɔ walasa ka a lajɛ ni baara seginna a cogo kɔrɔ la walima ka sateliti sɛbɛn ci.

flowchart TD
    Outage["Selilɛri & Ɛntɛrinɛti tiɲɛniw"] --> NeedCheck{"I mago bɛ mun na teliya la kumaɲɔgɔnya la?"}
    NeedCheck -->|Life-Threatening Emergency: Need 911 / 112 / 999| TryCell911["Aw ye kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ digi fɔlɔ (Telefɔni bɛna yaala-yaala ka taa bolifɛntigi o mɔgɔ la min bɛ balo la)"]
    TryCell911 -->|Call Fails / Zero Signal| SatSOS["Aw bɛ taa kɛnɛma ka taa sankolo jɛlen na: Aw bɛ Smartphone Satellite SOS walima Garmin InReach/PLB daminɛ"]
    NeedCheck -->|Check In With Family Across Town or Country| TrySMS["A ɲini ka SMS sɛbɛn gansan (Fotow tɛ) kɛ ka taa Out-of-Region Relay Contact la"]
    TrySMS -->|No Cell Bars Available| SatText["Baara kɛ ni iOS/Android cikanw ye Satellite walima Satellite Messenger fɛ kɛnɛma"]
    NeedCheck -->|Talk to Family in Neighborhood (0.5 to 8 km / 0.3 to 5 mi)| TwoWayRadio["Aw bɛ FRS, GMRS, PMR446, walima UHF CB bolola arajo minnu bolodara ka kɔn, olu da"]
    NeedCheck -->|Receive Official Evacuation, Weather, & Boil Water Alerts| BroadcastRadio["Batiri/Mankɛ Arajo tune NOAA Weather Band (162.400 ka se 162.550 MHz) walima Sigida AM/FM Kibaruyaw la"]

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Layɛrɛ 1 : Ka nafa caman sɔrɔ selilɛriw ka rezow la minnu bɛ ka sa ani Smartphone Satellite SOS¶

Sani i k’a miiri ko nafa tɛ i ka telefɔni seleke naani na ni "No Service" walima "SOS Only" bɛ i ka ɛkran sanfɛyɔrɔ la, i k’a faamu cogo min na kɔrɔtɔko taamacogo ni sateliti siratigɛ la fɛnw bɛ baara kɛ.

1. "SOS Only" / cross-carrier emergency roaming bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na¶

Ni i ka telefɔni tabaga ka sankanso (misali la, Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, Vodafone, EE, Rogers, walima Telstra) fanga banna, i ka telefɔni bɛ "SOS," "SOS Dɔrɔn," walima "Weleli kɔrɔtɔlenw dɔrɔn jira." Dugukolo kan telefɔniko cikanw kɔnɔ (FCC sariyaw fana sen bɛ o la Ameriki, Ofcom min bɛ Angletɛri, CRTC min bɛ Kanada, ani ETSI sariyaw Erɔpu jamanaw na), selilɛri sankanso o sankanso min bɛ balo la ka bɔ ɛntɛrinɛti dilanbaga o ɲɔgɔndan na, sariya siratigɛ la, a wajibiyalen don ka weleli kɔrɔtɔlen dɔ bila sira kan (911, 112, walima 999) hali n’i tɛ jatebɔsɛbɛn sɔrɔ o telefɔni cibaga fɛ, ani hali n’i ka telefɔni tɛ ni SIM labɛn baarakɛta ye. A ɲini tuma bɛɛ ka i ka sigida mɔgɔw wele kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw fɔlɔ.

2. Smartphone Satellite SOS ani Satellite Messaging (Smartphone Satellite SOS ani Satellite Messaging baaracogo (A man kan ka kɛ ni fɛn wɛrɛw ye) .¶

Kɔsa in na, telefɔni selilɛriw kɔnɔ, arajo modem kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni sanfɛlabɔlanw ye minnu bɛ kilomɛtɛrɛ kɛmɛ caman lamini sanfɛ ni selilɛri walima Wi-Fi tɛ yen: - Mɛn minnu bɛ dɛmɛ sɔrɔ: Apple iPhone 14, iPhone 15, iPhone 16, ani mɔdeli kuraw (min bɛ baara kɛ ni iOS 16.1+ ye SOS kɔrɔtɔlen kama Sateliti fɛ ani iOS 18+ baara kɛ iMessage/SMS sira fila kama Sateliti fɛ) Google Pixel 9 seriyali ani a kura (Satellite SOS Garmin Response fɛ ani carrier satellite texting fɛ); ani Direct-to-Cell (D2C) LTE sateliti baarakɛminɛnw (i n’a fɔ T-Mobile Starlink Direct-to-Cell, Rogers Satellite, ani One NZ ka jɛɲɔgɔnya ni SpaceX ye, minnu b’a to LTE telefɔni jɔnjɔnw bɛ se ka sms ci satelitiw fɛ minnu bɛ dugukolo kan). - Farakolo-yɔrɔ-ko sariyaw sateliti jɛɲɔgɔnya kama: A tɛ i n’a fɔ selilɛriw ka taamasiyɛnw minnu bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ jalen ni so sanfɛ, sateliti L-band ni S-band frequences barika ka dɔgɔn u kɛlen kɔ ka kilomɛtɛrɛ 500 fo 1400 (mile 310 fo 870) taama kɛ ka bɔ sankolo la. 1. Aw bɛ bɔ kɛnɛma: Aw bɛ taama ka don bolifɛnw jɔyɔrɔ da wulilen na, kɛnɛba dɔ kɔnɔ, foro kɔnɔ, walima nbɛda cɛmancɛ la, sankolo ni sanfɛla yecogo tɛ min na. Jiri bulu girinmanw, nɛgɛso sanfɛlanw, kɔji jugumanw, ani bɔgɔdaga sanfɛyɔrɔw bɛ sateliti taamasiyɛnw bali. 2. Aw bɛ tugu ɛkran kan taamasiyɛn dɛmɛbaga kɔ: Ikomi dugukolo jukɔrɔla-yɔrɔ (LEO) satelitiw bɛ taa sankolo la ni kilomɛtɛrɛ 27.000 ye lɛrɛ kɔnɔ (17.000 miles lɛrɛ kɔnɔ), i ka telefɔni ekran bɛ sira jiralan ɲɛnama dɔ jira min b’a jira i la i bɛ se ka i farikolo wuli sira min fɛ walasa k’a datugu sateliti tɛmɛnen nata la. 3. Aw bɛ segin 15 fo 120 makɔnɔ cikan kelen na: Sankolo jɛlen kɔrɔ, ka sɛbɛn surun walima kɔrɔtɔko sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲininkalisɛbɛn ci sateliti fɛ, o bɛ segin 15 fo 30 ta; jiri datugulan nɔgɔman kɔrɔ, a bɛ se ka miniti kelen ni kɔ ta. Aw bɛ telefɔni to a jɔlen na aw bolo fo ekran ka "Cɛlen" Sɛmɛntiya. 4. Satellite Demo fu kɔrɔbɔ bi: Apple (Settings > Emergency SOS > Try Demo) ani Google Pixel (Settings > Safety & emergency > Satellite SOS > Try a demo) fila bɛɛ b’a to i bɛ se ka i yɛrɛ dege ka i yɛrɛ datugu sateliti sanfɛla lakika kan miniti 2 kɔnɔ k’a sɔrɔ i ma kɔrɔtɔko cidenw wele.

3. Sateliti kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ni Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) .¶

Kɔfɛla taamakɛlaw, kurunbolilaw, togodala sotigiw, walima balawu ɲɛnabɔbagaw fɛ minnu tɛ se k’u jigi da smartfon batiriw kan, sateliti baarakɛminɛn fila bɛ yen minnu bilalen bɛ u yɛrɛ ye:

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Layidu 2nan : Ka kunnafonidisɛbɛnw sɔrɔ fanga fɛ ni ɛntɛrinɛti tɛ (NOAA Weather Radio ani AM/FM/SW) .¶

Ni selilɛri sankansow ni so fiyɛri ɛntɛrinɛti dibi donna, kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔli baaradaw bɛ se ka se mɔgɔ miliyɔn caman ma waati kelen na, o ye dugukolo kan arajo laseli ye sira kelen fɛ. AM walima VHF cikanbɔlan kelen min fanga ka bon kulu kuncɛ kan walima sankanso min bɛ jɔ ni jɛnɛrato ye, o bɛ se ka kilomɛtɛrɛ 60 fo 300 (milimɛtɛrɛ 40 fo 185) kɛ.

1. NOAA Weather Radio Farati bɛɛ (Amerika, Teritoriw, ani Weatheradio Canada) .¶

Ameriki ni Kanada jamanaw na, jamana ka waati baarada (NWS) ani sigida ni waati jiginni Canada (ECCC) bɛ baara kɛ ni VHF FM cikanw cibaga 1000 ni kɔ ye sanga 24 kɔnɔ, minnu bɛ wele ko NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) ani Weatheradio Canada. O tɔgɔ in bɛɛ n’a ta, NWR bɛ farati bɛɛ lase, a tɛ kɛ fɔɲɔba ni sanfiɲɛba lasɔminiw dɔrɔn ye, nka Amber Alerts fana, kemikɛliw, nukliyɛri sɛnɛyɔrɔ kɔrɔtɔlenw, ji tobilen ladilikanw, telefɔni 911 tiɲɛni, ani kungo tasuma bɔli yamaruyaw Emergency Alert System (EAS) fɛ.

The 7 VHF NOAA Weather Radio frequencies (A’ ye aw hakili to aw hakili la walima k’a sɛgɛsɛgɛ aw ka arajo dɔnkiliw la)¶

AM/FM mobili ni dumunikɛyɔrɔ arajo jɔnjɔnw tɛ se ka NOAA Weather Radio labɛn bawo a bɛ fɔli kɛ FM fɔlisen sanfɛ dɔrɔn VHF fɔkan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen wolonwula kan 162.400 MHz ni 162.550 MHz cɛ: - Channel 1: Bamako, Mali. 162.400 MHz - Channel 2: Bamako, Mali. 162.425 MHz - Channel 3: Bamako, Mali. 162.450 MHz - Channel 4: Bamako, Mali. 162.475 MHz - Channel 5: Bamako, Mali. 162.500 MHz - Channel 6: Bamako, Mali. 162.525 MHz - Channel 7: Bamako, Mali. 162.550 MHz

Mun na i mago bɛ arajo la min bɛ ni "SAME" (Specific Area Message Encoding) ye .¶

N’i ​​ye waati arajo jɔnjɔn to a ka kɛnɛ su fɛ, o bɛna alarma ci sanpɛrɛn lasɔmini na kilomɛtɛrɛ 80 (kilomɛtɛrɛ 50) kɛrɛfɛ mara dɔ la. NOAA arajo min bɛ tabali kan walima min bɛ se ka ta, n’a bɛ ni SAME (Specific Area Message Encoding) ye ani Public AlertTM certification logo, o b’a to i bɛ se k’i ka 6-digit county FIPS/SAME code tigitigi sɛbɛn (walima marabolo CLC code Kanada). Arajo bɛ sigi a makun na sanga 24 kɔnɔ, wa a b’a ka kumakanfɔlan da a yɛrɛma ni a mankanba ye ni 1050 Hz hakilijagabɔ siren ye dɔrɔn ni lasɔmini ofisiyali bɔra i ka mara tigitigi la.

2. AM, FM, DAB+ ani Shortwave bɛ arajo lase diɲɛ kɔnɔ¶

• AM Arajo (Medium Wave, 530 to 1700 kHz): Du bɛɛ ka kan ka AM/FM arajo minɛ min bɛ se ka ta ni batiri ye (ka fara mobili arajo kan bolifɛnw dondaw la). Mun na AM? K’a sɔrɔ FM arajo-fiɲɛw bɛ taa ɲɛfɛla dɔrɔn de la (kilomɛtɛrɛ 50 fo 65 ɲɔgɔn / kilomɛtɛrɛ 30 fo 40), **AM arajo 50.000-watt ** minnu ka kan ka jɛya, olu bɛ taa dugukolo-fiɲɛ fɛ tile fɛ, ka pan ka bɔ ionosphère (sankolo-fiɲɛ) la su fɛ, o b’a to i bɛ se ka kibaruyaw ni kɔrɔtɔko kunnafoniw mɛn ka bɔ dugubaw la minnu bɛ kilomɛtɛrɛ 300 fo 800 bɔ (185 fo 500 miles) dibi bɔyɔrɔ kɔkan.
• Dunia jamanaw ka kɔrɔtɔko laseliw bɔlenw:
• Royaume-Uni & Erɔpu: Aw bɛ FM/AM walima DAB+ jaabiw labɛn minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni batiri ye** ka BBC sigida arajo / BBC Arajo 4 (92 ka se 95 FM walima 198 kHz Longwave) ma, walima jamana foroba kunnafonidilanw, minnu bɛ kɛ siwili kunnafonidila dantigɛlenw ye ni selilɛri Kɔrɔtɔko Lasɔminiw tɛ sɔrɔ.
• Ɔsitarali: Aw ye AM/FM arajo min bɛ baara kɛ ni batiri ye, o bila ABC sigida arajo la, o ye kɔrɔtɔko kunnafonidila ofisiyali ye, min bɛ kungo tasuma, sanjiba, ani sanjiba lasɔminiw kɛ jamana ni mara bɛɛ kɔnɔ.

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Layidu 3nan : Sigida ni denbaya ka arajo fila-fila (FRS, GMRS, PMR446, ani CB) .¶

Ni aw mago bɛ ka kuma mobili fila ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ siraba bɔli waati la, aw bɛ bangebaga kɔrɔbaw lajɛ minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ye kilomɛtɛrɛ 2 ye, walima ka sigida kɔlɔsili dɔ labɛn tile caman kɔnɔ, arajo fila sira nɔgɔmanw (walkie-talkies) bɛ ci ka bɔ arajo la ka taa arajo la k’a ɲɛsin u ma ni u jigi tɛ selilɛri sankansow walima ɛntɛrinɛti kan.

1. Ka arajo sira fila baarakɛlaw ni denbaya ka baarakɛminɛnw suma ɲɔgɔn na¶

2. Mun na GMRS ye sanu sariya ye Ameriki denbaya labɛnni na (ani FRS/GMRS baarakɛɲɔgɔnya bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na) .¶

San 2017, Ameriki jamana ka kunnafoniko tɔnba (FCC) ye FRS ni GMRS ka frequency tabali kelen kɛ. O kɔrɔ ye ko FRS walkie-talkies fila minnu sanna fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw feereyɔrɔ la, n’u tɛ ni lase ye, n’u tɛ dɔrɔmɛ 25 ye, ani GMRS bololabaarakɛla ka arajo min bɛ se watti 5 ma walima mobili arajo min bɛ se watt 50 ma olu bɛ kuma ɲɔgɔn fɛ k’a ɲɛsin Chanel 1 fo 22 ma. - GMRS ka lase ɲinini kɛli FCC Universal Licensing System kan (wireless.fcc.gov) bɛ zero technique exam de wajibiya, a musaka ye \(35 ye san 10 kɔnɔ (\)3.50 san kɔnɔ), wa a bɛ wele taamasiyɛn kelen di min bɛ sariya sirataama i, i furuɲɔgɔn, i denw, i bangebagaw, i mamadenw, i balimakɛw, ani i kɔrɔmuso/i kɔrɔmuso/i somɔgɔw. - Ni GMRS ka lase bɛ i bolo, i bɛ se ka antɛni magnɛti fitinin dɔ sigi i ka mobili nɛgɛso sanfɛ ani ka GMRS arajo mobili min bɛ se watti 15 fo 50 ma, o don i ka 12 volt accessoire socket kɔnɔ, ka i ka sigida kumaɲɔgɔnya hakɛ caya siɲɛ duuru ni i y’a suma ni plastiki walkie-talkie ye min bɛ minɛ mobili kabini kɔnɔ.

3. Ladilikan nafama minnu bɛ "Dɔnniya sariyaw" kan (CTCSS / DCS Sub-Audible Tones) .¶

A bɛ se ka fɔ ko feerekɛla bɛɛ FRS, GMRS, ani PMR446 walkie-talkie bɛ "121 Privacy Codes" walima "Quiet Channels" piblisite kɛ kɛsu kan. - Gundola kodew TƐ i kan siri walima k’a dogo: Mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ bɛ ni arajo jɔnjɔn ye min bilalen bɛ Gundo kode la 0 (Off) min bɛ Chanel 3 kan, i bɛ se k’i ka kuma kelen-kelen bɛɛ mɛn hali n’i ka arajo bilalen bɛ Chanel 3 kan, Privacy Code 14. - CTCSS/DCS kode bɛ min kɛ tiɲɛ na: Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) kode bɛ i kumakanfɔlan dabila dɔrɔn fo ni cikan min bɛ na, o bɛ ton kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ ta min tɛ mɛn. - Kɔrɔtɔko jaan: Ni i y'i ka arajo bila Channel 3, Code 12 la, n'i sigiɲɔgɔn y'u ka arajo bila Channel 3, Code 0 la, i sigiɲɔgɔn bɛna i mɛn i bɛ ka dɛmɛ ɲini, nka i tɛna i sigiɲɔgɔn mɛn abada a bɛ i jaabi bawo i ka arajo bɛ u kan dabila. Sigida kɔrɔtɔko nɛgɛsow kama, i ka sɔn ka baara kɛ ni Gundola kode 0 (Off) ye walasa i ka bɛɛ mɛn kanal kan, walima ka Channel + Tone nimɔrɔ tigitigi sɛbɛn sɛbɛn dɔ kan min sirilen bɛ denbaya ka arajo bɛɛ kɔfɛ.

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Layidu 4nan : Arajo amatɛri (Ham Radio) ani balawu sira janw¶

Ni sanfiɲɛba, dugukolo yɛrɛyɛrɛ walima kungo tasuma ye marabolow ka fɛnsɔrɔsiraw bɛɛ tiɲɛ kilomɛtɛrɛ kɛmɛ caman kɔnɔ, Amateur Radio (Ham Radio) bɛ marabolo VHF/UHF kumakan rezo fila bɛɛ di (mɛtɛrɛ 2 144 to 148 MHz ani santimɛtɛrɛ 70 420 to 450 MHz bandiw) ani farafinna jamanaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ Frequency (HF 3 to 30 MHz) sankolo-kan ni imɛri nizɛri (Winlink Global Radio Email) ni sateliti walima kabali kelen tɛ.

Yala i bɛ se ka cikan ci Ham Arajo la ni lase tɛ i bolo ɲɛnamaya walima saya kɔrɔtɔlen waati la wa?¶

• Waati bɛnnenw na: Ka kunnafoni di arajo amatɛriw kan, o bɛ gɔfɛrɛnaman ka lakɔliso ka lase de wajibiya min bɛ don a kɔnɔ (i n’a fɔ FCC Technician Class license min bɛ Ameriki, Ofcom Foundation License min bɛ Angletɛri, Basic Qualification min bɛ Kanada, walima Foundation License min bɛ Ɔsitarali jamana na, walima Foundation License min bɛ Ɔsitarali jamana na), o bɛ sɔrɔ ni i ye ɲininkali 35 sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ min bɛ kɛ ni sugandi caman ye. Amatɛriw ka arajo frequences lamɛn ye sariya ye 100% bɛɛ bolo ni lase tɛ.
• Ni ɲɛnamaya walima saya teliya la: FCC tilayɔrɔba 97.403 ani 97.405 kɔnɔ Ameriki (ani diɲɛ UIT ka arajo sariyaw minnu bɛ bɛn o ma), mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni arajolakalan fɛɛrɛ o fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ a bolo walasa ka dɛmɛ ɲini teliya la walasa ka adamaden ka ɲɛnamaya kisi walima ka nafolo lakana ka bɔ tiɲɛni na min bɛ se ka kɛ sɔɔni, k’a sɔrɔ kumaɲɔgɔnya sira wɛrɛ tɛ yen bɛ sɔrɔ.
• Mun na i man kan ka kɔnɔni kɛ abada fo balawu ka maga ham arajo la: A tɛ i n’a fɔ FRS/GMRS walkie-talkie nɔgɔman min bɛ kɛ ni kanal ye, porogaramuw ka frequency offsets, PL tones (Hz), ani duplex jiginni ka kɛ VHF/UHF amateur transceiver raw ye degun kɔrɔ, o bɛ ɲini ka kɛ ni a ma dege fɔlɔ. Aw bɛ FRS/GMRS kɛ ka denbaya ka baara kɛ ni plug-and-play ye, walima ka dɔgɔkun laban kelen kɛ ka kalan kɛ walasa ka aw ka don-ni-segin Technician/Foundation amateur license sɔrɔ walasa aw ka se ka dɔgɔkun o dɔgɔkun sigida ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) walima RACES ka balawu sɔrɔyɔrɔw lajɛ sanni kɔrɔtɔko ka kɛ.

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"3-3-3 Arajo Plan" ani kɔrɔtɔko kan taabolo sɛbɛnni¶

Ni aw ye walkie-talkie di denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ dɔ ma, k’a sɔrɔ waati bolodacogo ma kɛ, o bɛ dɛsɛ sanga 12 kɔnɔ bawo ni aw ye bolola arajo to a la, o bɛ a ka batiri ban tuma bɛɛ sanga 8 fo sanga 14 kɔnɔ. Aw ye 3-3-3 Arajo Protocol min lakodɔnnen don diɲɛ kɔnɔ, aw ka o ta (walima aw k’a kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni aw ka du ye):

1. Channel 3 (walima i ka denbaya ka Primaire ani Alternate channels dantigɛlenw): Aw bɛ denbaya ka arajo bɛɛ boloda ka kɔn Primary Channel kelen tigitigi la (misali la, FRS/GMRS Channel 3, Privacy Code 0) ani ka Backup Channel (misali la, Channel 16, Privacy Code 0) sɛbɛn kasɛti jibɔyɔrɔ dɔ kan min sirilen bɛ batiri da kɔfɛ Kanal 3 la, mɔgɔw falen don mɔgɔw la.
2. Every 3 Hours (on the 3s): Nobody leaves their radio turned on all day. Instead, everyone turns their radio ON at 9:00 AM, 12:00 PM, 3:00 PM, 6:00 PM, and 9:00 PM (and 12:00 AM / 3:00 AM / 6:00 AM during active emergencies).
3. Listen for 3 to 10 Minutes: Keep the radio on for the first 10 minutes past the hour to exchange status updates, then turn the radio OFF to make a single battery charge last for two full weeks.

Copy-and-paste Emergency Radio Distress Script (Mayday vs. Pan-Pan)¶

If you must call for emergency medical or rescue help over a marine VHF, aviation, GMRS, CB, or amateur radio channel, press and hold the Push-To-Talk (PTT) button on the side of the radio, wait 1 full second before speaking (so the first word is not clipped off), speak slowly across the microphone (5 centimeters / 2 inches from your lips), and use this standard format:

"MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. (Use 'PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN' if urgent but not immediately life-threatening). This is [Your Name or Call Sign] at [Exact Street Address, Landmark, or GPS Coordinates]. We have a [Nature of Emergency: e.g., severe medical emergency / trapped on roof by floodwater / structure fire]. There are [Number] adults and [Number] children here. [Briefly state injuries or hazard]. We are monitoring this frequency [Channel Number / Frequency MHz]. Can anyone copy this transmission? Over." (Release the PTT button immediately so others can reply).

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Off-grid emergency communications checklist¶

Complete these preparation steps today so your household can send and receive important information during any blackout:

• Practice your smartphone's Satellite SOS demo outdoors: Open Settings > Emergency SOS (iPhone) or Safety & Emergency > Satellite SOS (Pixel) and complete the 2-minute live sky-pointing test so you know how to lock onto a satellite before an emergency.
• Write down your out-of-region relay contact on physical paper: Give every adult and child a laminated emergency contact card listing the mobile number of one relative living 160+ kilometers (100+ miles) away.
• Place a SAME-equipped NOAA Weather / AM / FM Radio in your home: Program your local 6-digit county SAME/FIPS code, verify which of the 7 VHF weather channels (162.400 ka 162.550 MHz) has the strongest signal at your house, and store spare 10-year lithium AA/AAA batteries alongside it.
• Equip your household with 2 to 4 handheld FRS, GMRS, PMR446, or UHF CB two-way radios: Pre-program the channels, turn off mismatched privacy codes (or standardize them across every unit), and stick a waterproof label on the back of each radio showing your Primary Channel, Backup Channel, and 3-Hour Check-In Schedule (9:00, 12:00, 3:00, 6:00).
• Download offline maps to every family smartphone: Open Google Maps, Apple Maps, or Organic Maps today and download the full offline street and topographic map of your city, state/province, and evacuation routes so your phone's GPS chip works with zero cell towers. See baara kɛ ni nin yɔrɔ in ye min tɛ ɛntɛrinɛti kan.
• Aw ka USB fanga banki min bɛ se mAh 10.000 fo 20.000 ma ani chargement cables multi-tip pake kɔnɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ go-bag ye o la telefɔniw ni arajo USB-C minnu bɛ se ka charge (sara) kokura, olu bɛ to baara la tile 5 ni kɔ.

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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

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Sosow sɛgɛsɛgɛra¶

• Sibɛri lakanani ni fɛnsɔrɔsiraw lakanani baarada ani Fɛderasiyɔn ka kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛnabɔli jɛkulu (CISA / FEMA, Ameriki): Kɔrɔtɔko kunnafoniko labɛnni sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɛbɛn, PACE bolodacogo, ani Ladilikanw ka ɲɛsin kumaɲɔgɔnya ma kɔrɔtɔko waati la.
• Jamana Kɔgɔji ni fiɲɛko ɲɛnabɔli ani jamana ka waati baarada (NOAA / NWS, Etazuni): NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) Frequency Assignments, Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) Technical Specifications, ani Receiver Guidelines.
• Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC, Canada): Weatheradio Canada Network Frequencies and Specific Area Message Encoding (CLC Codes).
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC, United States): 47 CFR Part 95 (Personal Radio Services: FRS, GMRS, MURS, and CB Rules) and 47 CFR Part 97 (Amateur Radio Service Emergency Communications Rules 97.403 & 97.405).
• Ofcom and Cabinet Office (United Kingdom): PMR446 License-Free Radio Technical Parameters and UK National Emergency Alerts / Public Broadcasting Resilience.
• International Telecommunication Union and Cospas-Sarsat Programme (International): 406 MHz Satellite Distress Beacons (PLB/EPIRB) and Direct-to-Device Satellite Emergency Standards.

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Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Denbaya ka kɔrɔtɔko labɛnni
• Kɔrɔtɔko karti jenitɛri
• Kɔrɔtɔko minɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɛbɛn
• Go-bag ani evacuation pack
• Using this site offline
• Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw