Kogo min bɛ minɛ ka wuli, Yard Slope Collapse, ani Driveway Washout¶
Kɔrɔtɔko hakɛw tɛ kelen ye jamana kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Nin ɲɛ in bɛ baara kɛ ni 911 ye, o ye Ameriki ni Kanada jamanaw ka nimɔrɔ ye. Jamana caman wɛrɛw bɛ baara kɛ ni 112, 999 walima nimɔrɔ wɛrɛ ye. I ka jamana ka nimɔrɔ ɲini.
Sigida kogo min bɛ daminɛ ka jɛngɛ kɛnɛma, ka wuli cɛmancɛ la, walima ka tension cracks da wuli minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ kalolabɔ, binkɛnɛ kɔnɔ min bɛ a kɔfɛ, o ye dugukoloko kɔrɔtɔko ye min bɛ baara kɛ, min bɛ dugukolo saturalen mɛtɛrɛ tɔni tan walima kɛmɛ caman bali. Dugukolo jalen mɛtɛrɛ kubik kelen girinya bɛ se kilogaramu 1400 fo 1600 ma (kilo 2400 fo 2700 yard kubik kelen na), wa ni sanjiba nana, ni nɛnɛ bɛ wuli joona kaban, walima ni jibɔyɔrɔ min bɛ woyo dugujukɔrɔ, o y’o dugukolo fa, o girinya bɛ wuli ka tɛmɛ kilogaramu 2000 kan mɛtɛrɛ kubik kelen na (3400 pounds per cubic yard) k’a sɔrɔ porose ji min sirilen don, o bɛ fara hydrostatic pressure kan min bɛ jɛgɛn kosɛbɛ ka a gɛrɛ kogo kɔfɛ. Hali kɔfɛla kogo min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 (sen 5) ye, n’a ka dɔgɔn, n’a janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 ye, n’o ye yiri minɛyɔrɔ ye, n’a bɛ se mɛtɛrɛ 10 ma, bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ dɔ kan, o bɛ ka dugukolo ni ji doni kɛrɛfɛ kɛlɛ min bɛ tɛmɛ kilo 25 000 kan.
Dutigiw bɛ to ka jateminɛ kɛ cogo jugu la, kogo min bɛ fɛnw minɛ, kulu kɛrɛfɛla lamini na, walima bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ min kolen don, o bɛ wuli teliya cogo min na ka bɔ sɛgɛn na dɔɔnin dɔɔnin na ka taa a bin yɔrɔnin kelen na. Ka taama kabakurun walima bɛton kogo jɔlen dɔ da la walasa k’a gɛlɛya, ka mobili jɔ sanfɛla terasi kan kogo wulilen da kɛrɛfɛ, walima ka bolifɛn boli ka tɛmɛ bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ kan, n’a jukɔrɔla kabakurunw tiɲɛna ni jibɔ ye, o ye duguden ba caman faga walima k’u minɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ. Ni aw ye wale kɛ ni kololi ye miniti tan fɔlɔw kɔnɔ, ka yɔrɔ gɛlɛn dɔ sigi sen kan min bɛ se ka kɛ kogo janya ye siɲɛ 1,5 ye, ka dugukolo sanfɛla ji wuli ka bɔ sanfɛla jiginni karilenw na, ka bolifɛnw sarali girinya bɔ sanfɛ terasi la, ani ka dugujukɔrɔ gazi walima jibolisira tigɛlenw lajɛ, o bɛ aw ka denbaya ni so jusigilan tanga dugukolo jiginni barikama ma.
Dugukolo doni tigɛlenw ani dugujukɔrɔ nafabɔsira tigɛlenw
Aw kana jɔ abada, ka taama, walima ka baara kɛ abada kogo min bɛ wuli, min bɛ biri, walima min bɛ kari, ani aw kana a ɲini abada ka kabakurun walima yiri kogo jɔ ni jiri ye min janya ye fila ni naani ye ka bɔ ɲɛfɛ. Ni kogo min falen don, o tiɲɛna ni a wulilen don walima ni a basigilen sɔgɔli ye, bɛton bloki kilo ba tan ni tan ni bɔgɔmugu ɲiginnen bɛ bin ka jigin ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔ la min bɛ bɛn kogo janya siɲɛ 1,5 ma sekɔndi kelen kɔnɔ. Ni kulu dɔ binna walima ni bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ ko dɔ ye gazi nafama siraw, jibolisiraw, walima kuran siraw suturalenw bɔ kɛnɛ kan walima ka u sama, aw bɛ o yɔrɔ labɔ joona ani ka aw ka baarakɛminɛnw dilanbaga ni sigida ka kɔrɔtɔko baarakɛlaw wele.
Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶
- Aw bɛ bɛɛ bɔ "1.5x Height" binyɔrɔ la kogo jukɔrɔ ani ka bɔ sanfɛla da la a sanfɛ. Aw bɛ kogo minɛyɔrɔ walima jirisunba (\(H\)) janya jɔlen suman walima k’a jateminɛ. Aw bɛ lakana lamini gɛlɛn dɔ barika don min bɛ taa ni kogo janya siɲɛ 1,5 ye (\(1,5 \si H\)) ka bɔ kɛnɛma ka bɔ kogo duguma senkɔni na ANI kogo janya siɲɛ 1,5 ka segin kɔ ka bɔ kogo sanfɛla la. Ni kogo janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 2 ye (sen 6,5), aw bɛ mɔgɔw, denmisɛnw ani sokɔnɔbaganw bɛɛ yɔrɔ janya mɛtɛrɛ 3 la a dɔgɔyalenba la ka bɔ duguma ɲɛda ni sanfɛla terasi da fila bɛɛ la.
- Aw bɛ mobili, remorques ani minɛn girinmanw bɔ sanfɛ terasi la walima bolifɛnw dondaw la min tiɲɛna joona (ni u lakananen don dɔrɔn). Mɔgɔw ta mobili walima pickup jɔlen min sigilen bɛ dugukolo sɔgɔlen kan kogo min bɛ mɔgɔ minɛ, o bɛ kilo 1800 fo 3500 fara **live surcharge ** doni kan min bɛ gɛlɛya ka ɲɛsin a ma kɛnɛma ka ɲɛsin kogo ɲɛda dɛsɛlen ma. Ni siraba tɛ ka kari walima ka jigin i sen kɔrɔ, aw bɛ mobili bɔ sanfɛ terasi la ka bɔ kogo jukɔrɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ. Aw kana bolifɛn ta abada ka tɛmɛ bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ bridge walima culvert pipe kan ni ji bɛ ka tɛmɛ siraba kan walima ni asfalt dakunw bɛ ka don kɔnɔna na.
- Aw bɛ jibolisiraw, pisini kɔfɛko siraw, ani kɛnɛba pibilikiw da tugu. Aw bɛ taama ka taa aw ka jiko ɲɛnabɔlan fɛ ka binkɛnɛ jibɔlanw ni jibɔyɔrɔw bɛɛ OFF. Ni jidagayɔrɔ, jisumayɔrɔ, walima jidagayɔrɔ masirilen sigilen bɛ jirisunba kan min bɛ kogo minɛyɔrɔ sanfɛ walima kuluda la, aw bɛ a lajɛ ni jidagayɔrɔ seginni pipe walima filɛri kɔfɛko jibɔlan min bɛ ji bɔ, o bɛ ji litiri ba caman bɔ kuluda bɔgɔ la.
- Aw bɛ so sanfɛla jiginyɔrɔw ni dugukolo sanfɛla jibɔyɔrɔw bila sira wɛrɛ kan ka bɔ kogo sanfɛ ani ka bɔ dugukolo faraw la. Kogo min bɛ wuli ka wuli walima ka foro kɔnɔna sɔgɔsɔgɔ, o bali ka bin sanjiba waati la, o ye ka sanfɛlaji wɛrɛw bali ka woyo ka don bɔgɔdaga kɔnɔ kogo kɔfɛ. Aw bɛ mɛtɛrɛ 3 fo mɛtɛrɛ 6 (sen 10 fo 20) plastiki sɔgɔlenw siri so sanfɛla jibolisiraw jigincogo o jibɔyɔrɔw la minnu bɛ bɔ kulu sanfɛ kɛrɛfɛ walasa so sanfɛji ka bɔ kulu kɛrɛfɛ.
- Aw bɛ dugukolo faralenw datugu minnu dabɔlen don, minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ kalolabɔ, minnu bɛ kulu sanfɛ, ni plastiki bɔrɔw ye minnu tɛ ji bɔ. Aw bɛ binkɛnɛ, dugukolo walima siraba lajɛ min bɛ mɛtɛrɛ 0,5 fo mɛtɛrɛ 3 (sen 1,5 fo mɛtɛrɛ 10) kogo wulilen sanfɛ walima kulu min bɛ bin. Ni aw ye faraw ye minnu kurulen don, minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ kalolabɔ, olu da bɛ da nɔgɔ walima nɛgɛso kɔnɔ (kunkolo sɔgɔli kariw), aw bɛ poliyetilɛni plastiki girinmanw walima ji tɛ se ka don min na, aw bɛ 6-mil plastiki girinmanw da duguma karilen kan ani ka jiginni da siri ni cɛncɛn bɔrɔw walima birikiw ye walasa sanji ji ka sɛgɛn faraw kan cogo la min tɛ kojugu kɛ sanni ka jigin ka ɲɛ ka don slip plane kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ a jaki jilama.
- Aw ye aw ka so jusigilan sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka gazi nafama kasa mɛn ni a jiginni sigilen bɛ aw ka so kɛrɛfɛ. Ni kogo min bɛ aw ka so kɛrɛfɛ, o min tiɲɛna, o bɛ mɛtɛrɛ 6 (sen 20) kɔnɔ aw ka so la, aw bɛ aw ka so duguma kogow, garazi sɔgɔlan, ani kɛnɛma birikiw lajɛ ni ɛrɛzɛnsun-senw karilen kura bɛ yen, da minnu bɛ nɔrɔ, walima barada sennasanbara danfaralenw na minnu bɛ tugu an ka so jɔli tiɲɛni ni a bincogo ɲɛminɛbaga. Ni aw ye kɔnɔ tolilen kasa mɛn walima ni aw ye bɔgɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔkan mɛn kuluba dɔ kɛrɛfɛ, aw bɛ bɔ yen joona ka tugu anw kɔ gazi bɔli kɔrɔtɔko ɲɛminɛbaga.
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Kogo minɛlenw ni kuluw kɔrɔtɔlen triage flowchart¶
Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni nin jeyotɛkiniki triage decision tree ye walasa ka kogo minɛta wulicogo, kulu kɛrɛfɛla bɔgɔbɔgɔli juguya jateminɛ, walima bolifɛnw bolicogo jibolisira kocogo ani ka teliya sabatili jaabi sugandi min ka fisa ni tɔw bɛɛ ye.
flowchart TD
Start["Kogo min bɛ minɛ, o bɛ wuli, kuluda lamini na,<br/>walima Driveway Culvert Washout Detected"] --> Zone["1. Aw bɛ 1,5x Kogo/Sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ janya bɔli yɔrɔ sigi sen kan<br/>Dɛsɛ yɔrɔ sanfɛ ani duguma"]
Zone --> Surcharge["2. Ka Mobili jɔlenw bɔ Sanfɛla terasi<br/>ka mɔgɔw/Mobiliw jɛya kogo jukɔrɔ"]
Surcharge --> HazardType{"3. Jeyotɛkiniki kɔrɔtɔko jumɛn de bɛ ka kɛ?"}
HazardType -->|"A. Kogo minɛcogo min bɛ jɔ >degere 2 fo 5,<br/>kɔnɔbara wuli, walima kasi dingɛ jalen sanji waati"| WallBranch{"Yala kogo lamaga bɛ kɛ/ka kari<br/>walima ka so dɔ bagabaga wa?"}
HazardType -->|"B. Tension crack min bɛ i n’a fɔ kalolabɔ foro kɔnɔ<br/>ani jiriw/kogow kɔrɔtalen kulu kan"| SlumpBranch{"Yala bɔgɔji bɛ bɔ ka bɔ<br/>kɔlɔn senkɔni duguma wa?"}
HazardType -->|"C. Bololabaara sira ka jibolisira pipe datugulen,<br/>ji bɛ sira kan, walima asfalt tiɲɛna"| CulvertBranch["Barricade Driveway O yɔrɔnin bɛɛ:<br/>Aw kana bolifɛn ta ka tɛmɛ asfalt tiɲɛnen kan<br/>walima ka don jikuruw dondaw la minnu bɛ ji la"]
WallBranch -->|"A karilen don kosɛbɛ, >5 cm (2 in) jiginni,<br/>walima so jɔli dɛmɛnan"| EvacWall["Kogo binni surunyalen:<br/>Aw ka to ka bɔ jiginɛ yɔrɔ la; aw bɛ wele ko geotechnique/structural engineer;<br/>ka dugu jɔli ɲɛmɔgɔso ladɔnniya ni nbɛda/sigiɲɔgɔn kɛrɛfɛ"]
WallBranch -->|"Slow creep, kasi dingɛw datugulen,<br/>no active falling blocks"| DrainWall["Aw bɛ jikuruw lajɔ lafiya la :<br/>Aw bɛ so sanfɛla jiginyɔrɔw bila sira wɛrɛ kan, ka bɔgɔ kɛ bɔgɔdaga kɔfɛ kogo kɔfɛ,<br/>ka kasi dingɛ datugulenw jɛya ka bɔ kɛrɛ fɛ ni bere jan ye"]
SlumpBranch -->|"Ɔwɔ: Senkɔniw bɛ wuli ani jibolisiraw bɔgɔlen,<br/>walima jirisunw sɔgɔli mankanba"| ActiveSlide["Dugukolo jiginni / Nɔgɔw bɔli surun :<br/>Aw bɛ jiginɛw labɔ joona;<br/>aw bɛ telefɔni 911 / 112 / 999 wele ka nafamafɛnw lajɛ"]
SlumpBranch -->|"Ayi: Tension crack jalen bɛ crest (kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la)."| TarpSlump["Tarp Headscarp Tension Cracks:<br/>Lap waterproof 6-mil plastic over cracks;<br/>AW kana nɔgɔ falenw fili abada slump sanfɛ"]
CulvertBranch --> CulvertFix["Aw bɛ ji makɔnɔ a ka kɔsegin :<br/>Aw bɛ sanfɛla nɔgɔbɔlan saniya dɔrɔn ka bɔ banki jalen sanfɛ;<br/>aw bɛ pibilikiw dilancogo sɛgɛsɛgɛ sani aw ka bolifɛn boli"]
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Jeyotɛkiniki mekaniki : mun na kogow ni forow jiginniw bɛ dɛsɛ¶
Kogo min bɛ mɔgɔ minɛ, o tɛ kogo ye min bɛ masiri; o ye girinya barazi ye min dilannen don walasa ka dugukolo jigincogo ni kɛnɛma sɔgɔli kɛlɛ a kɔfɛ (dugukolo tansiyɔn baarakɛta). Sigida kogo minnu bɛ u minɛ, olu bɛɛ lajɛlen kɛmɛsarada la 90 ɲɔgɔn bɛ sɔrɔ ji fɛ, a tɛ sɔrɔ nɔgɔ jalen girinya dɔrɔn fɛ.
Kogo min bɛ mɔgɔ minɛ, o ka jɔcogo dɛsɛcogo 4¶
Jeyotɛkiniki injiniyɛriw bɛ kogo minɛlen dɔ jateminɛ min bɛ tɔɔrɔ la, u kɛtɔ k’a dɔn masin dɛsɛcogo naani la jumɛn bɛ sen na:
- Aw bɛ wuli (A bɛ wuli ka wuli ka ɲɛfɛla senkɔni lamini):
- Kɛrɛfɛla degun min bɛ bɔ bɔgɔmugu falen na walima nɛnɛ wulilen sanfɛ kogo kɔfɛ, o bɛ kogo sanfɛla gɛrɛ kɛnɛma, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kogo bɛɛ biri ɲɛfɛ ni kɛrɛ ye k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ girin a duguma ɲɛfɛla da lamini na (senkɔni).
- Critical tipping point: Seginkanni bɛton bloki ni yiri kogo fanba bɛ jɔ ni kɔfɛla laɲini ye ka don kulu kɔnɔ (batter) min bɛ se degere 2 fo 7 ma. Ni kogo jɔlen dɔ y’a kɔrɔta ka ɲɛfɛ ka tɛmɛ jɔlen kan, a girinya cɛmancɛ bɛ wuli ka bɔ a basigilen sen cɛmancɛ sabanan kɔfɛ, wa a jiginni bɛ teliya joona.
- Sliding (Cice horizontale à la base):
- Kogo bɛ to jɔlen na, nka blokiw, yiriw walima bɛton sennasanbaraw duguma sira bɛɛ bɛ sɛgɛn ka taa ɲɛfɛ ka tɛmɛ bɔgɔbɔgɔ ɲiginnen kan a jukɔrɔ bawo dugukolo min bɛ a da jukɔrɔ, o kɛra nɔgɔ ye ni ji ye, wa a ma se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ.
- I bɛna yɔrɔ dɔ ye min bɛ da kogo kɔfɛ ani jirisun walima jirisunba dɔ min sirilen bɛ duguma sira ɲɛfɛ.
- Kɔnɔna sɔgɔli / Kɔnɔbara wulicogo (Mid-height blowout):
- A ka ca kabakurun kogo jalenw na, cinder-block (CMU) kogow la minnu ma barika sɔrɔ, dugukoloko bloki minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn cɛ, minnu tɛ ni geogrid barikalan fini ye, ani nɛgɛso sirilen yiri kogow tolilenw.
- Sanfɛla ni duguma siraw bɛ to u nɔ na, nka kogo cɛmancɛ tila sabanan bɛ biri kɛnɛma i n’a fɔ kɔnɔmaya, bɔgɔdaga jogindaw bɛ kari ka ɲɛ, jirisunw bɛ tigɛtigɛ, walima kabakurun kelen-kelenw bɛ daminɛ ka bɔ ɲɛda la. Kɔnɔbara cɛmancɛ wulilen ye dɛsɛ cogo ye min farati ka bon kosɛbɛ bawo kogo bɛ pɛrɛn ka taa kɛnɛma k’a sɔrɔ a ma wuli dɔɔni dɔɔni.
- Deep-Seated Global Slope Failure (Jiginni jiginni kogo jukɔrɔ):
- Tuma dɔw la, kogo min bɛ a minɛ, o yɛrɛ bɛ jɔ ka ɲɛ, nka kulu bɛɛ jukɔrɔ ani kɔfɛ kogo bɛ tigɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔlan ye min bɛ i n’a fɔ kuyɛri kurulen jugumanba, mɛtɛrɛ 2 fo 6 (sen 6,5 fo 20) dugujukɔrɔ.
- Taamaʃyɛnw ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kari (kunkolo-yɔrɔ) da wulilen ye kɛnɛba kɔnɔ min bɛ kogo kɔfɛ yɔrɔ jan, o ni dugukolo min bɛ kogo duguma ɲɛfɛ ka kɔrɔta san fɛ ni dugukolo silinda jugumanba bɛ wuli.
Mun na kasi dingɛ minnu datugulen don, olu bɛ sanji kɛ ji sagaden ye¶
Bɛton, birikiw, kabakurun walima yiri kogo minnu jɔlen don ka ɲɛ, olu kɔfɛ, jibolisira kabakurun mugulen kulu dɔ sigilen bɛ yen ani jibɔlan dɔ bɛ yen min dabɔlen don (Fransɛkan jibɔyɔrɔ / sennabɔyɔrɔ), ka fara dingɛ misɛnninw sinsinni kan walima yɔrɔ jɔlenw kan minnu ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ bɛ kɛ mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 fo 2,4 o mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 fo 2,4 (sen 4 fo 8) kogo ɲɛfɛla duguma ɲɛfɛla la min bɛ wele ko seep dingɛw.
- Ni kasi dingɛw ni kabakurunw bɔyɔrɔw bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, sanjiji minnu bɛ don bɔgɔ la kogo kɔfɛ, olu bɛ bɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ kasi dingɛw fɛ ka taa ɲɛfɛla la, o la ji tɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ kogo kɔfɛ abada.
- Ni kasi dingɛw datugulen don ni bɔgɔ ye, ni jiriw juw ye, ni geotextile filɛri fini ye min datugulen don ni bɔgɔmugu ye, ni wulu walima sosow ka denw ye, walima ni dutigi dɔ filila ka kasi dingɛw datugu ni nɛgɛ ye walasa u ka kɛ yecogo ye, jidagayɔrɔ dogolen dɔ bɛ fa kogo kɔfɛ sanjiba waati la.
- Jiya tansiyɔn fiziki: Ji bɛ gɛrɛntɛ ka ɲɛsin kogo kɔfɛla ma fan bɛɛ fɛ ni tansiyɔn ye min bɛ bɛn \(\gamma_w \times h\) ma (a bɛ se ka kɛ kilopascal 9,8 ye mɛtɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ, walima kilo 62,4 ye sen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kelen na ji juguya sen kelen-kelen bɛɛ la). Kogo min datugulen don, n’a bɛ ji minɛlen mɛtɛrɛ 1,8 (sen 6) minɛ a kɔfɛ, o bɛ bɔgɔ jalen gɛrɛgɛrɛ fanga min bɛ jɛgɛn, o ka ca ni siɲɛ fila ye ka se siɲɛ saba ye, k’a sɔrɔ o ji kelen in bɛ bɔgɔmuguw tulu kɛ ani ka dugukolo kɔnɔna sɔgɔli fanga dɔgɔya ka kɛ bɔgɔ ye.
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Diagnostic comparison table : kogo, jiginni ani bolifɛnw dondaw tiɲɛni juguya jateminɛ¶
Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni nin foro sɛgɛsɛgɛli matirili in ye ka bɔ yɔrɔ la min ka ɲi, min bɛ bin yɔrɔ kɔkan walasa k’a dɔn ni aw bɛ waati lamagacogo misɛnninw lajɛ walima ni balawuba dɔ bɛna kɛ min bɛna kɛ sɔɔni.
| Jatebɔ-yɔrɔ-ko | Degun misɛnnin / joona (Kɔlɔsili & Waati bolodacogo dilancogo) . | Moderate Active Movement (Ji jiginni teliya la & Injiniyɛri ka ladilikan) . | Critical Imminent Collapse (Aw ka Zone & weleli ɲɛmɔgɔw bɔ) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mur de retenue lean / angle de inclinaison | Kogo bɛ jɔ hali bi kɔfɛ dɔɔnin ka don kulu la (batter) walima a sigilen bɛ plumb kɔnɔ 1 santimɛtɛrɛ (⅜ inch) kɔnɔ ka bɔ jɔlen na | Kogo ye a kɔrɔta ka ɲɛfɛ ka tɛmɛn jɔlen kan ni santimɛtɛrɛ 2,5 fo 5 ye (sen 1 fo 2) mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 (sen 4) janya kelen na | Kogo bɛ kɔrɔta ka taa ɲɛfɛ ni ka tɛmɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 5 fo 7,5 kan (santimɛtɛrɛ 2 fo 3), walima kɔnɔbara cɛmancɛ kogo bɛ tɛmɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 4 kan (santimɛtɛrɛ 1,5) |
| Mɔri jogindaw, bɛton karilenw, walima yiriw | Kunsigi tigɛli jɔlenw karilenw bɛ milimɛtɛrɛ 2 (insi 1/16) duguma a bonya la bɛton walima bɔgɔdaga joginlenw na | Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, jirisunba walima jirisunba-senw karilenw milimɛtɛrɛ 3 fo 10 (insi ⅛ fo ⅜) u bonya; jiribulu minnu ka nɔgɔn ni toli ye walima ni u birilen don mɔgɔ salenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ | Faraw minnu bonya ka ca ni milimɛtɛrɛ 12 ye (insi ½) minnu bɛ bonya ni sumanikɛlan ye lɛrɛ caman kɔnɔ; blokiw bɛ wuli ka bɔ ɲɔgɔn na; yiriw bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ ni kanba ye |
| Ka kasi dingɛ woyo sanjiba waati/sanjiba kɔfɛ | Ji jɛlen min bɛ woyo ka bɔ kasi dingɛw bɛɛ la ka taa a fɛ sanji waati ni sanji kɔfɛ | kasi dingɛ kelen walima fila dɔrɔn de bɛ jigin ka sɔrɔ dɔw kolo jalen don, walima ji jɛman bɔgɔlen min bɛ bɔ degun kɔrɔ | Ka kasi dingɛ bɛɛ ja pewu sanjiba waati ka sɔrɔ ji bɛ woyo kogo sanfɛla kuncɛ kan walima ka bugun ka taa sanfɛ senkɔni basigilen na |
| Sanfɛ gafe / terasi kogo kɔfɛ | Slight shallow settling trough directly behind the top blocks ka bɔ kɔkannafɛnw sɔgɔli la | Senna-jigin danfaralen ye santimɛtɛrɛ 2,5 fo 7,5 (santimɛtɛrɛ 1 fo 3) ani tension cracks mɛtɛrɛ 0,5 fo 2 (sen 1,5 fo 6,5) kogo kɔfɛ | Kurulen kunkolo-kɛnɛ jigincogo kurulen min bɛ se santimɛtɛrɛ 10 fo 30+ ma (santimɛtɛrɛ 4 fo 12+); kogo minnu bɛ sama ka bɔ ɲɔgɔn na; jiri minnu bɛ kɔrɔta ka taa kɔfɛ walima ka taa ɲɛfɛ |
| Kuluw kan kɛnɛba jiginni taamasiyɛnw | Surface sheet erosion misɛnninw walima rills (rills) minnu man dun, olu bɛ kɛ jirisun gansanw na fɔɲɔba kɔfɛ | Pistol-butt (J-curved) jiribolow, utilité poles/retaining posts tilted, ani dugukolo nɔgɔlen min bɛ jigin tilancɛ la | Ji jibolisiraw bɔgɔlen minnu bɛ kari kulu duguma senkɔni kɛrɛfɛ, dugukolo wulilen u da la, walima jiriw juw bɔli mankan |
| Driveway & culvert pipe cogoya | Aw bɛ kabakurun ko misɛnninw kɛ kamankunw da la; culvert pipe min bɛ woyo ka tɛmɛ a tilancɛ kan | Ji bɛ jigin bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ jiginni fan fɛ; erosion dumuni kɛli ka don kabakurun kamankun na santimɛtɛrɛ 30 kɔnɔ siraba da la | Ji bɛ tɛmɛ bolifɛnw dondaw kan, whirlpool vortex min bɛ culvert dondaw la min datugulen don, walima cavern dingɛ min kolen don ka bɔ asphalt da jukɔrɔ |
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Kɔrɔtɔko sabatili senfɛ-senfɛ walasa ka kogo minɛ walima foro sɔgɔli dɛsɛlen¶
Ni kogo min bɛ a minɛ, o wulila walima ni kulu kɛrɛfɛ binkɛnɛ dɔ farala ka wuli ka wuli ka wuli ka wuli, aw tɛ se ka kogo gɛrɛntɛ ka segin a nɔ na, wa aw man kan ka jɔ a ɲɛfɛ abada. Nka, aw bɛ se ka sabatili fɛɛrɛ saba kɛ lafiya la minnu bɛ se ka nɔba bila farati yɔrɔ kɔkan, minnu bɛ ji bali ka dɛsɛ bila ka se a binni bɛɛ ma.
1nan : Aw bɛ "Tell-Tale" lamaga-lamagalikɛlan sigi sen kan (Walisa aw k'a dɔn n'a bɛ lamaga sisan) .¶
Sanfiɲɛba min bɛ senna, hadamaden ɲɛ tɛ se k’a dɔn nɔgɔya la ni kogo karilen walima binkɛnɛ dɔ jiginna milimɛtɛrɛ 6 (insi ¼) lɛrɛ laban kɔnɔ walima ni a sigilen bɛ a jɔlen na kabini kalo caman. Aw bɛ masin sumanikɛlan nɔgɔman fila sigi ka bɔ yɔrɔ la min tɛ mɔgɔ tɔɔrɔ:
- The Two-Stake Lawn Slump Gauge (Ka ɲɛsin kuluw ni kogo sanfɛ faraw ma):
- Aw bɛ jɔ jiginni dugukolo sabatilen kan, min ma kari kɔfɛ tension crack (aw kana aw senna abada jiginɛ sliding block kan farakurun ni kogo da cɛ).
- Aw bɛ jiribolo kelen bila ka don kuluba sabatilen na, santimɛtɛrɛ 60 (sen 2) farakurun kɔfɛ, ka aw bolo don ka tɛmɛ walasa ka jiribolo filanan bila ka don bɔgɔdaga lamagalen kɔnɔ min bɛ farakurun jigin dɔrɔn.
- Aw bɛ juru walima sumanikɛlan sirilen dɔ kɔrɔta jirisun fila ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ka yɔrɔjan tigitigi taamasiyɛn ni taamasiyɛn banbali ye (misali la,
100.0 centimeters), ani k’a lajɛ ni lanpan ye miniti 30 fo 60 o miniti 60 ka bɔ jiginni fan fɛ min bɛ lakana. Ni jirisunw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ janya bɛ ka bonya ni milimɛtɛrɛ 6 ye walima ka tɛmɛ o kan lɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ sanji waati, o jiginni bɛ dɛsɛ kosɛbɛ wa a binni bɛ ka surunya. - Tape-Bridge walima Glass-Slide Crack Monitor (Ka ɲɛsin bɛton/mason kogo labanw ma):
- Ka bɔ bɛton kogo kɛrɛfɛla lakananen na (aw kana jɔ abada cɛmancɛ wulilen ɲɛfɛ), aw bɛ epoyi walima kɛnɛma duct tape dab fila bila ka tɛmɛ fara jɔlen kan ani ka tigɛli tilennen kɛ kaseti kan ni ruler ni taamasiyɛn ye. Tilali tilennen walima tigɛli jɔlen fɛn o fɛn bɛ tigɛli kɛ, o bɛ layini tila cogo yelen na.
Taabolo 2: Aw bɛ sanfɛla tension cracks (The Tarp Shingle Technique) kɛ ji la ani ka u kɛlɛ (The Tarp Shingle Technique) .¶
Ni kogo min bɛ mɔgɔ minɛ, o y’i biri ɲɛfɛ walima ni kulu dɔ jiginna dɔɔni, fara jɔlen juguman dɔ bɛ da dugukolo kɔnɔ a kɔfɛ. Ni sanji walima nɛnɛba bɔra i ka foro kɔnɔ ka jigin o fara dafalen kɔnɔ, farakurun bɛ fa ji la i n’a fɔ jɔli jɔlen fitinin, o bɛ kɛnɛma ji fanga caya kogo kan ni kɛmɛsarada la 300 fo 500 ye.
- Ni aw bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ka bɔ jigin fan sabatilen la (aw bɛ to mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 / mɛtɛrɛ 5 kɔfɛ ka bɔ kogo da la), ka 6-mil (0,15-millimeter) polietilɛni plastiki fɛnɲɛnamafagalan girinmanw da walima ji tɛ se ka don yɔrɔ min na ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔ bɛɛ kan min karilen don ani ka mɛtɛrɛ 2 (sen 6,5) janya ka tɛmɛ farakurunba kan.
- Aw bɛ dakunw sɔgɔ ka jigin: Ni aw bɛ baara kɛ ni bɔrɔ caman ye, aw bɛ sanfɛla bɔgɔdaga kɔrɔ duguma bɔgɔdaga sanfɛ tuma bɛɛ (i n’a fɔ so sanfɛla bɔgɔlanw) walasa ji ka boli ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛn jirisunba kan ka sɔrɔ a ma bɔn a jukɔrɔ.
- Aw bɛ V-yɔrɔ dɔ tigɛ min man dun, a janya ye santimɛtɛrɛ 10 ye, ka kɛɲɛ ni bɔgɔdaga sanfɛyɔrɔ ye, ka plastiki sanfɛla da don bɔgɔdaga kɔnɔ, ka a siri ni cɛncɛn bɔrɔw walima bɔgɔ ye walasa sanfɛlaji ji kana dogo sɔn plastiki sanfɛla da la.
- Aw bɛ bɔgɔdaga jiginɛ da kɛrɛ fɛ ka taa binkɛnɛ sabatilen dɔ fɛ walima sanfiɲɛ jibɔyɔrɔ la min ka jan kogo yɔrɔ la min tiɲɛna.
Aw kana kabakurunw fili abada walima ka nɔgɔ fa yɔrɔ la min bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, min bɛ jirisunba dɔ sanfɛ min bɛ dɛsɛ
Dutigiw ni dugukolo ɲɛnabɔbagaw bɛ fili minnu kɛ faratiba la, ni kɔfɛla kɛnɛba walima binkɛnɛ dɔ binna santimɛtɛrɛ 15 (santimɛtɛrɛ 6) kulu kɛrɛfɛ bɔgɔdaga dɔ la, o ye ka yamaruya di kamiyɔn dɔ ma min falen bɛ sanfɛbɔgɔ, kabakurun walima bɛton na walasa ka sanfɛla jiginlen fa ka segin ka se a dan na. Ni bɔgɔ walima bɛton farala jiginni jiginni sanfɛ (kunkolo) la, o bɛ girinya salenba dɔ fara bolifɛn bolicogo tigitigi kan min bɛ kulu kɛrɛfɛla gɛlɛya ka jigin. Aw kana girinya fara abada jirisunba dɔ sanfɛ min bɛ dɛsɛ walima kogo wulilen kɔfɛ girinya bɛ se ka fara duguma sen dɔrɔn de kan (i n’a fɔ farakurun min dilannen don ni ɛntɛrinɛti ye) dugukoloko injiniyɛri dɔ ka ɲɛmɔgɔya kɔrɔ.
Taabolo 3nan : Aw bɛ kasi dingɛ minnu datugulen don, aw bɛ olu jɛya ka bɔ kɛrɛ fɛ ni bere jan ye¶
Ni kogo min bɛ a minɛ, o sabatilen don fo bloki si tɛ bin ani ni kari baarakɛta si tɛ kɛ, nka aw y’a kɔlɔsi ko a duguma ** kasi dingɛw** jalen don walima ko a datugulen don ni bɔgɔ ni wuluw ka denw ye k’a sɔrɔ kogo kɔfɛ bɔgɔ bɛ ji la:
- Aw bɛ jɔ 1,5x Height collapse zone kɔkan ka taa kogo kɛrɛ fɛ walima ka aw bolo se kɛrɛfɛ ni PVC pipe gɛlɛn ye min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 2,4 fo 3 ye, nɛgɛbere, walima nɛgɛbere.
- Aw bɛ bere in don nɔgɔya la duguma kasi dingɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ da la walasa ka bɔgɔmuguw kari, fɛnɲɛnamaw ka bɔgɔdaga dabɔlanw, walima jirisunw, walima ka jikuru nɔgɔman dɔ bila ka bɔ nakɔ kɔnɔ bɔgɔdaga dɔ la min sirilen don bere jan dɔ la ka don kasi dingɛ kɔnɔ fo sekɔndi 5 walasa ka nɔgɔ bɔ.
- Ni dibi bɔgɔji bɛ daminɛ ka bɔ kasi dingɛ saniyalen na, aw bɛ segin kɔ ka jidagayɔrɔ min sirilen don, o ka jigin a yɛrɛ la. (Kɔlɔsili: Ni kasi dingɛ saniyali bɛ kɔfɛla cɛncɛn walima kabakurun sanuman caman ko ka bɔ yen tuma bɛɛ, filɛri fini dɔ kogo kɔfɛ, o tigɛra, ka dugujukɔrɔ kɔ dɔ da; sɛgɛsɛgɛli dabila ka ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛri dɔ wele.)
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Bololabaara siraw ko, siraba tiɲɛnenw, ani jibolisiraw dabɔli kɔrɔtɔko¶
Togodaw, dugu kɔkan ani kuluw kan sow bɛ to ka jibolisira, waati kɔnɔ kɔji, walima kɔji tigɛ nɛgɛ sɔgɔlen, HDPE plastiki, walima bɛton jibolisira pipe fɛ min suturalen don bolifɛnw dondaw jukɔrɔ. Sanjiba walima sanjiba waatiw la (aw ye an ka... flash sanjiba ɲɛminɛbaga ani dugukoloyɛrɛyɛrɛw ɲɛminɛbaga), bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔw bɛ tiɲɛ cogo saba la minnu bɛ mɔgɔ faga :
1. Asphalt Bridge Trap dogolen (Pavement min bɛ tiɲɛ) .¶
Asfalt ni bɛton bolifɛnw ye jiribolo gɛlɛnw ye minnu janya bɛ se santimɛtɛrɛ 5 fo 10 ma, minnu bɛ u jigi da kabakurun sɔgɔlen basigilen kan pewu u jukɔrɔ walasa ka mobili girinya kilo 2000 (kilo 4400) dɛmɛ.
- Cogo min na pipe ni scour bɛ dondaw bɔ bolifɛnw kɔnɔ: Ni jiribolow ni furabuluw bɛ bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ ka jibolisira dɔ jiginni da datugu, ji bɛ segin ka don kɔ jugu dɔ kɔnɔ min bɛ bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ jiginni fan fɛ. Ni ji degun bɛ a wajibiya, ji bɛ daminɛ ka don kɛnɛma lamini nɛgɛ walima plastiki jibolisira pipe la ka tɛmɛ kabakurunw dilancogo fɛ (ji pipe). Miniti 30 kɔnɔ, ji min bɛ boli, o bɛ kabakurun ni nɔgɔ bɛɛ ko ka bɔ bolifɛnw dondaw jukɔrɔ, k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ nɛgɛso nɛrɛma sanfɛla santimɛtɛrɛ 5 (insi 2) to ka jɛngɛ fiɲɛ cɛmancɛ la i n’a fɔ kɔnɔkisɛw ka bɔrɔ min tɛ dɛmɛ.
- Mun na i man kan ka bolifɛn ta abada walima ka taama ka tɛmɛ a kan abada: Ka bɔ bolifɛntigi sigilan kan, bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ min bɛ ni nɛrɛmuguma ye, o bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ kɛ fla ye pewu ani a ma tiɲɛ (walima a datugulen don ni ji ye min bɛ se santimɛtɛrɛ 2 dɔrɔn ma). Mobili ɲɛfɛ pankurunw bɛ girin yɔrɔnin kelen na nɔgɔjibɔlan kan min tɛ dɛmɛ sɔrɔ, siraba bɛ tɛmɛn ka don jirisunba dɔ kɔnɔ min juguya ye mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 ye (sen 5) min kolen don, ka mobili nugu wuli fɔlɔ ka kɛ sanjiba ye min bɛ boli.
- Teliya walew:
- Aw bɛ bolifɛnw dondaw dakun fila bɛɛ bali joona ni oranjɛ konw ye, ni nɔgɔbɔlanw ye, ni darapo yeelenma ye, walima ni mobili jɔlenw ye minnu jɔlen don kosɛbɛ ka segin dugukolo gɛlɛn kan walasa fɛnw lase kamiyɔnw, denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw, walima kɔrɔtɔko bolifɛnw kana se ka boli bala la ka don span tiɲɛnen kan.
- Aw bɛ siraba dawolow sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka bɔ dugukolo jalen na ni jiribolo jan ye walima ni sɔgɔlan bolokɔni ye walasa ka a lajɛ ni kabakurun kamankun min bɛ nɛgɛso da jukɔrɔ, o ko.
2. Culvert Inlet Suction Vortex (Aw kana culvert min bɛ ji la, o saniya abada fɔɲɔba waati) .¶
Ni ji bɛ kɔsegin ka taa mɛtɛrɛ 1 fo 2 (sen 3 fo 6,5) kɔnɔna na, bolifɛnw dondaw ka jibolisira dɔ kɔfɛ, min datugulen don, tuma caman na, dutigiw bɛ kɔrɔbɔ ka don kɔdingɛ kɔnɔ ni bɔgɔdaga ye walasa ka bolow sama ka bɔ pibiliki da la min bɛ ji la.
Tansiyɔn diferentiali fagali (Delta-P farati) .
Aw kana don abada jidagayɔrɔ la, bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ jibɔyɔrɔ pipe min falen don ji la, o jiginni yɔrɔ kɛrɛfɛ, ani aw kana se abada aw bolow la, aw senw na, walima aw kana fɛn surun dɔ la, jibolisira da la min bɛ ji la, o kɛrɛfɛ. Santimɛtɛrɛ 45 (insi 18) jibolisira min bɛ ji kunkolo mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 dɔrɔn jukɔrɔ, o bɛ kilo 700 ni kɔ (kilo 1500) samali fanga bɔ (danfara tansiyɔn / Delta-P). Ni bolofara dabɔlan barika banna walima ni i ka butiki sɛgɛnna jidonyɔrɔ kɛrɛfɛ, ji degun bɛ hadamaden farikolo dɔ siri pibiliki da la ni fanga ye min baliku naani juru bɛ minnu na, olu tɛ se ka min sama ka bɔ u la. Aw bɛ makɔnɔni kɛ fo fɔɲɔba ka ban ani ji min bɛ kɔdingɛ kɔnɔ, o ka bɔ pewu sani aw ka jibolisira dɔ dabɔ.
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Nafamafɛnw ni jusigilanw lakanani ni kɛnɛba dɔ jiginni walima kogo dɔ bɛ wuli¶
Dugukolo lamaga tɛ nɔgɔ ni kabakurun lamaga dɔrɔn; ni kɛrɛfɛla jiginni ye santimɛtɛrɛ 5 dɔrɔn ye (santimɛtɛrɛ 2) kɛnɛba jiginni na walima bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ da la, o bɛna dugujukɔrɔ pibiliki gɛlɛnw ni jibolisiraw tigɛ minnu bɛ tɛmɛ sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ fɛ.
- Gazi nafama baarakɛyɔrɔw suturalenw ni propane siraw:
- Aw ye aw ka nbɛda gaziba don yɔrɔ min na aw ka yɔrɔ la walima yɔrɔ min na nɛgɛ/polietilɛni sira suturalen bɛ bɔ aw ka kɔfɛ propane jidagayɔrɔ la, o bɛ taa aw ka so kɔnɔ.
- Ni dugukolo min bɛ o sira kan, o karilen don, ka bin, walima ka wuli ka bɔ kogo minɛyɔrɔ dɛsɛlen kɔfɛ, aw bɛ propane tanki baarakɛyɔrɔ da tugu (walima aw bɛ a bɔ a la ka gazi baarakɛyɔrɔ kɔrɔtɔlen nimɔrɔ wele ni aw ye gazi kasa mɛn walima ni aw ye dugukolo ye min bɛ ka sama ka bɔ so gazi jateminɛnan wulilan na).
- Munisɛpali jiko siraw ani mɔgɔ kelen-kelen ka jibolisiraw:
- Jiginni min bɛ wuli ka wuli, o bɛ to ka dugujukɔrɔ PVC walima nɛgɛ jiko siraw tigɛ nbɛda mɛtɛrɛ ni so cɛ, ka ji degunlen pɔnpe ka ɲɛ ka don sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔlan kɔnɔ ani ka dugukolo yɛrɛyɛrɛ juguba teliya. Aw ye leak-indicator triangle fitinin min bɛ girin aw ka nbɛda ji jateminɛnan na, o lajɛ ka sɔrɔ so kɔnɔ pɔnpe bɛɛ fagalen don; ni a bɛ firifiri, aw bɛ nbɛda dawolo jɔli da tugu joona.
- Ni aw ka septic tank walima leach drainfield sigilen bɛ kuluba dɔ kan min bɛ jigin, aw bɛ so kɔnɔ ji baara bɛɛ dabila joona walasa nɔgɔ bɔlenw kana tulu kɛ kulu la (aw ye an ka septic system dɛsɛcogo ɲɛjiralan).
- Jiginni sigiɲɔgɔnw ka jalaki ani minisiriso ka sirako kunnafoni:
- Ni aw ka kogo minɛcogo dɛsɛlen walima kulu kan bɔgɔbɔgɔli bɛ foroba sirada, dugu sira, siraba, walima jiginɛ sigiɲɔgɔn ka so, bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ, walima sugo kogo dancɛ la, aw ka jiginɛ sigiɲɔgɔn ladɔnniya aw yɛrɛ ɲɛ na walima telefɔni fɛ joona walasa u ka se ka denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw bɔ so kɔnɔ minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ kogo ma, ka u ka mobili jɔlenw wuli.
- Aw ye aw ka minisiriso sow jɔli ɲɛmɔgɔso wele walima tasuma/foroba baarakɛlaw ka ciden min tɛ kɔrɔtɔko ye, walasa ka dugu sow sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛla walima minisiriso injiniyɛri ka jateminɛ ɲini ni kogo bɛ foroba sirako josariyaw walima a kɛrɛfɛyɔrɔ dɔ bagabaga.
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Ɛntɛrinɛti dilancogo banbaliw: mun bɛ baara kɛ ani mun na DIY "band-aids" bɛ dɛsɛ¶
Ni kɔrɔtɔko sabatira ani ni dugukolo jara, kogo min bɛ a siri ka tɛmɛ jɔlen kan, min wulila cɛmancɛ la, walima a basigilen sɔgɔli bɔnɛna a la o tɛ se ka labɛn ni kariw sɔgɔli ye ni bɔgɔ ye walima ka yiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw jɔ ɲɛda la.
- Mun na ka faraw patɔrɔn bɛton minɛyɔrɔ la, o bɛ binkanni juguya: Ni i ye bɛton walima bloki minɛyɔrɔ kogo da wulilenw fa ni ji siman ye, o bɛ boliyɔrɔ kelenpe minnu tora, ji minɛlen tun bɛ joli bɔ yɔrɔ minnu na, o bɛ dɔ fara jiko tansiyɔn kan kogo kɔfɛ.
- Jeyotɛkiniki dilancogo minnu dabɔra (Jɛkulu ka baarakɛlaw [PE] ye minnu dabɔ kogow kama minnu janya bɛ tɛmɛ mɛtɛrɛ 1 fo 1,2 kan / minnu janya bɛ se mɛtɛrɛ 3 fo 4 ma):
- Aw bɛ tiɲɛni dafa ani ka a jɔ kokura ni geogrid dugukolo barika bonya ni jibɔ ye: Kogo dɛsɛlen sɛgɛsɛgɛli, ka PVC senna jibɔyɔrɔ dabɔlen dɔ sigi min datugulen don ni kabakurun kolen #57 mugulen ye min sirilen don ni jeyotextile filɛri fini ye min ma siri (walasa bɔgɔbɔgɔmugu kana kabakurun nɔgɔ), ani ka polimɛri fanga camanba layɛrɛ tilennenw don a kɔnɔ geogrid mesh min bɛ janya mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 fo mɛtɛrɛ 3 (sen 5 fo 10) ka segin ka don kabakurun kɔkanna-falen-falen na min bɛ ɲɔgɔn kan walasa dugukolo bɛɛ ka kɛ i n’a fɔ girinya bloki kelen.
- Helical tieback anchors walima soil nails: Ni bɛton bɔnna walima yiri girinman kogo minnu jɔcogo ma tiɲɛ nka u bɛ daminɛ ka jɛgɛn, jusigilan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ nɛgɛ jan helical tieback rods sɔgɔ kogo ɲɛda fɛ ka jigin mɛtɛrɛ 4 fo mɛtɛrɛ 9 (sen 13 fo 30) ka segin ka don kabakurun sabatilen na walima dugukolo min ma tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛn slip plane kan, ka ɲɛda siri ni nɛgɛ girinmanw ye.
- Gabion basket walima riprap toe buttressing: Walasa ka kulu kɛrɛfɛyɔrɔw jigin ni kogo ye min tɛ sabati, ka senkɔni sabatibali sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka nɛgɛso girinmanw dalajɛ minnu falen bɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 10 fo 20 (santimɛtɛrɛ 4 ka se santimɛtɛrɛ 8) la, minnu bɛ kɛ ni kabakurunbɔ fara ye (gabion baskets) minnu bɛ dugujukɔrɔji bila ka bɔ kulu kɔnɔ a yɛrɛ ma k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ jɔ senkɔni min girinya salenba don.
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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶
Ne ka kan ka to yɔrɔ jumɛn na ka bɔ kogo minɛyɔrɔ la min sirilen don walima min bɛ wuli?¶
Jeyotɛkiniki injiniyɛriw ni kisibagaw bɛ binkanni bɔli yɔrɔ fitinin dɔ wajibiya min bɛ bɛn kogo minɛyɔrɔ janya jɔlen siɲɛ 1,5 ma, n’a bɛ suman kɛnɛma ka bɔ kogo ɲɛfɛla duguma senkɔni na ani kɔfɛ ka bɔ kogo sanfɛla la. Misali la, ni kabakurun walima bɛton bloki kogo janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 2 (sen 6,5) ye, aw ka kan ka mɔgɔw bɛɛ, sokɔnɔbaganw ani mobili jɔlenw bɛɛ yɔrɔ janya kogo ɲɛfɛla la, a dɔgɔyalenba la, mɛtɛrɛ 3 (sen 10) ka bɔ kogo ɲɛfɛ, ka mɛtɛrɛ 3 (sen 10) kɔfɛ ka bɔ sanfɛla da la, barisa kogo min bɛ dɛsɛ ani dugukolo falen bɔgɔlan min bɛ a kɔfɛ, o bɛ wuli ka bɔ kɛnɛma ka tɛmɛ o sennasanbara bɛɛ kan, sekɔndi fila kɔnɔ.
Yala ne bɛ se ka kabakurun walima yiri minɛyɔrɔ kogo jɔlen siri ni jiri 2x4 jirisunw walima jakiw ye wa?¶
Ayi, aw kana a ɲini abada ka kabakurun jɔlen, bɔgɔdaga walima nɛgɛso sirilan kogo jɔ ka bɔ ɲɛfɛ ni jiribololanɛgɛw ye walima ni sigiyɔrɔw sirilanw ye. Hali kuluyɔrɔ bɔgɔ falen yɔrɔ fitinin min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 ye (sen 4), o bɛ kilo 5000 fo 15000 (kilo 11000 fo 33000) kɛ kɛrɛfɛ fanga la min bɛna jiribolo fila ni naani tigɛ i n’a fɔ ɲinw tigɛlanw ani ka jiri ni bɛton tigɛlenw ci mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ jɔlen bɛ kogo kɛrɛfɛ kɔrɔtɔko wale lakananen kelenpe minnu bɛ kɛ, olu ye ka bin yɔrɔ saniya, ka bolifɛnw bɔ sanfɛla terasi la, ani ka dugukolo sanfɛla ji wuli ka bɔ dugukolo la kogo kɔfɛ.
Mun na ne ka kogo min bɛ ne minɛ, o barila ka wuli walima ka bin sanjiba dɔ senfɛ, ne jɔlen kɔ ka ɲɛ san 15 kɔnɔ?¶
A bɛ se ka fɔ ko kogow bɛ tiɲɛ yɔrɔnin kelen san caman sabatili kɔfɛ bawo kabakurun jibɔyɔrɔ suturalenw ni duguma kasi dingɛ minnu bɛ kogo kɔfɛ, olu bɛ datugu dɔɔnin dɔɔnin san tan ni kɔ ni bɔgɔmugu finmanw ye, jiriw juw ani fɛnɲɛnamaw tolilenw. Ni jibolisira dogolen in datugulen don dɔrɔn, sanjiba nata walima foronto nɛnɛba nata bɛ dugukolo fa kogo kɔfɛ ni dugujukɔrɔji min sirilen don, o bɛ dugukolo girinya kɛ siɲɛ fila ye o waati kelen na, ka ji jiginni degunba dɔ fara a kan min bɛ kɛ ni ji ye ka ɲɛsin kogo kɔfɛ, ka dugukolo min bɛ duguma sen jukɔrɔ, o tigɛli kɛ ka kɛ bɔgɔ nɔgɔlen ye min tɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ.
Yala sotigiw ka asiransi bɛ kogo minɛcogo min binna walima bolifɛnw boliyɔrɔ ko wa?¶
Dutigiw ka asiransi sariyalenw bɛ se ka tiɲɛni minnu sɔrɔ dugukolo lamagacogo fɛ, dugukolo yɛrɛyɛrɛ, dugukolo jigincogo, dugujukɔrɔji tansiyɔn jilama, ani dugukolo sanfɛ sanjiba jibɔ, olu tɛ jate, o kɔrɔ ye ko kogo min bɛ bin ka bɔ dugukolo la min falen bɛ sanji fɛ walima bolifɛnw dondaw ka kurunbokari min kolen don sanfiɲɛ fɛ, o man teli ka datugu fo ni jiri walima mobili binna kogo gosi, walima i bɛ taa ni fɛn wɛrɛ ye sanjiba walima dugukolo lamaga-lamagali dɛmɛni. Nka, ni sokɔnɔna pɔnpe pipe min bɛ degun sɔrɔ yɔrɔnin kelen, o pɛrɛnna i ka foro kɔnɔ, o de kɛra sababu ye ka ko, sariya dɔw bɛ dondaw dilancogo minnu bɛ sɔrɔ o la, olu ɲɛfɔ; aw bɛ yɔrɔ foto ta ka ɲɛ tuma bɛɛ ani ka aw ka sariyasɛbɛnw lajɛ sani aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛ.
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Sosow sɛgɛsɛgɛra¶
- Etazuni dugukoloko sɛgɛsɛgɛli (USGS): Dugukolo-yɛrɛyɛrɛ gafe: Dugukolo-yɛrɛyɛrɛ faamuyali gafe (yɔrɔ jiginni, kunkolo-yɔrɔ tension crack tarping, surface water diversion, ani lasɔmini taamasiɲɛ minnu b’a jira ko kuluw tiɲɛna sɔɔni).
- Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, Etazuni jamana ka bolifɛnko minisiriso): Dugukolo kogow ni dugukolo jiginni barikamaw dilanni n’u jɔli ni masin ye (FHWA-NHI-10-024) ani Culvert Scour ani Hydraulic Piping Failure Guidelines.
- Duniɲa sariyasunba (ICC): Duniɲa sariyasunba (IBC) Siginiden 1807 (Kogow maralenw) ani Duniɲa sigida sariyasun (IRC) Siginiden R404.4 (lakanali fɛnw jiginni ni jiginni, jibɔ wajibiyalenw, ani ɛntɛrinɛti yamaruya dantigɛliw kogow la minnu ka bon mɛtɛrɛ 1,2 / mɛtɛrɛ 4 sanfɛ).
- National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA): Design Manual for Segmental Retaining Walls (jiko tansiyɔn nɔw, kasi dingɛ ni geotextile datuguli mekanikiw, ani doni ɲɛnamaw ka bɔ mobili jɔlenw na).
- Kɛnɛya ni Lakanali ɲɛmɔgɔba (HSE, Angletɛri) ani Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE): Masonw ka kogow sabatili: Sɛgɛsɛgɛli, forobaciyɛn bɔli yɔrɔw, ani binkanni kunbɛnni.
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, Etazuni): Sotigiw ka gafe min bɛ dugukoloyɛrɛyɛrɛ ni kuluw tiɲɛni nɔgɔya ani sanjiba bɔgɔdaga min bɛ tɛmɛn lakana sariyaw kan.
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