Kūkākūkā pilikia i ka wā e hāʻule ai nā hale kiaʻi kelepona: Satellite SOS, NOAA Radio, a me GMRS¶

Ke hiki mai ka ōlaʻi nui, ka makani ʻino, ke ahi ahi, a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka mana o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole e pau nā ʻupena kelepona i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: ʻo ka mua, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pūnaewele hikiwawe ke hoʻopaʻa i nā leo leo i loko o kekona ke kelepona ʻia nā miliona o ka poʻe noho i ka manawa hoʻokahi; ʻO ka lua, holo maloʻo nā ʻōhua kelepona hale kiaʻi a me nā mea hana diesel ma hope o 4 a 24 mau hola, e hoʻolei ana i nā ʻāpana āpau i kahi ʻeleʻele "ʻaʻohe lawelawe". Ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā kamaʻilio PACE (Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency), ka hui pū ʻana i ka SOS pololei-i-satellite SOS a me ka memo, NOAA/nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha pilikia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pākaukau, nā lekiō ʻelua ʻohana laikini-by-rule (FRS/GMRS/PMR446), a me ka lekiō amateur, e hāʻawi i kou ʻohana i ke ola i ka wā e pau ai ka pūnaewele a me ka pūnaewele.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E hoʻouna i nā leka SMS pōkole ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā leo i ka wā nāwaliwali a paʻa paha nā kaola kelepona. Pono ka leo leo i kahi ala kaapuni kaapuni ʻo ka bandwidth kiʻekiʻe e hāʻule koke ai nā hale kiaʻi, aʻo ka ʻeke kikokikona SMS e komo i loko o ke kaila hoʻokele pūnaewele liʻiliʻi a e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻouna ʻokoʻa i ka manawa e wehe ai ka micro-burst o ka bandwidth.
2. ** E hele i waho me ka ʻike maopopo o ka lani ākea e hoʻohana i ka Satellite SOS a me ka Satellite Texting o kāu kelepona paʻa.** Hiki i nā smartphones hou (Apple iPhone 14 a me ka mea hou aku, Google Pixel 9 a me nā mea hou aku, a koho iā Samsung Galaxy S25/nā mea hae hae hou aku) hiki ke hoʻouna pololei i nā memo SOS pilikia a me nā kikokikona ʻelua ala i ka haʻahaʻa-Earth-orbitary a i ʻole nā ​​satellite. E kū i kahi mamao mai nā kumu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, nā paia canyon a me nā hale kiʻekiʻe, e paʻa maoli i ke kelepona ma kou lima, a hahai i ka pua kuhikuhi ukali ma ka pale.
3. **E koho i hoʻokahi hui hoʻokuʻi ʻohana ma waho o ka ʻāina e noho ana ma kahi o 160 kilomita (100 mau mile). Pono kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻohana e paʻi i ko lākou kūlana a me ko lākou wahi i kēlā hui ma waho o ka mokuʻāina a ma waho paha o ka mokuʻāina, nāna e hana ma ke ʻano he papa leka uila no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. E ʻike i kā mākou papahana pilikia ʻohana.
4. E hoʻolalelale i ka Lekiō Makaʻala Weather i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau me ka hoʻopāpā ʻana i nā memo ma ka ʻāpana kikoʻī (SAME) no kou kalana a i ʻole ka ʻāina. E mālama i kahi lekiō NOAA Weather Radio (ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada) a i ʻole DAB+/AM/FM pākaukau hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha pilikia ma kāu keʻena pō i ka puahiohio nui loa, ke kahawai ʻālohilohi, ke kai eʻe, a i ʻole nā haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo e hoʻāla iā ʻoe i ka hola 3 AM.
5. E hoʻonohonoho mua i kahi kaila lekiō ʻelua ʻaoʻao a me ka leo pilikino ma nā FRS paʻa a i ʻole GMRS walkie-talkies. E kākau i kahi 3-3-3 Radio Schedule ma ke kua o kēlā me kēia lekiō paʻa me kahi hōʻailona mau (no ka laʻana: *"Channel 3, Privacy Code 0, hoʻā i ka lekiō no 10 mau minuke i ka hola 9:00, 6:00" no laila, nā lālā ʻohana 9:00, 32:00 hiki ke kamaʻilio me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā pihi lekiō ma ka waiho ʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa i ka lā a pau.
6. E hoʻololi i kāu kelepona i ke ʻano mana haʻahaʻa, e hoʻopau i ka nānā ʻana i ka Wi-Fi/Bluetooth i hope, a e hoʻohuli i ke ʻano mokulele i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā hale kiaʻi ʻole. Ke pau nā hale kiaʻi kelepona, hoʻonui kāu kelepona i kāna mea hoʻolele lekiō i loko i ka wattage kiʻekiʻe e ʻimi mau ana i kahi hale kiaʻi, e hoʻokahe ana i ka pākaukau piha i 3 a 4 mau hola. E hoʻokomo i ke kelepona i ka Airplane Mode a hoʻāla iā ia i hoʻokahi hola ma ka hola e nānā i ka lawelawe hoʻihoʻi ʻia a hoʻouna paha i kahi kikokikona satellite.

flowchart TD
    Outage["Hoʻopiʻi Pūnaewele a me ka Pūnaewele"] --> NeedCheck{"He aha kāu mea e pono ai ke kamaʻilio koke?"}
    NeedCheck -->|Life-Threatening Emergency: Need 911 / 112 / 999| TryCell911["Kāhea mua i ka helu ulia pōpilikia (E holo ana ke kelepona ma luna o nā mea lawe e ola ana)"]
    TryCell911 -->|Call Fails / Zero Signal| SatSOS["E neʻe i waho e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lani: E hoʻoulu i ke kelepona Satellite SOS a i ʻole Garmin InReach/PLB"]
    NeedCheck -->|Check In With Family Across Town or Country| TrySMS["E ho'āʻo i ke kikokikona SMS maʻemaʻe (ʻaʻohe kiʻi) i waho o ka ʻāina Relay Contact"]
    TrySMS -->|No Cell Bars Available| SatText["E hoʻohana i nā memo iOS/Android ma o ka Satellite a i ʻole Satellite Messenger ma waho"]
    NeedCheck -->|Talk to Family in Neighborhood (0.5 to 8 km / 0.3 to 5 mi)| TwoWayRadio["E ho'ā i ka FRS, GMRS, PMR446, a i ʻole UHF CB Paʻa Lekiō"]
    NeedCheck -->|Receive Official Evacuation, Weather, & Boil Water Alerts| BroadcastRadio["E hoʻokani i ka lekiō/ka lekiō i ka NOAA Weather Band (162.400 a i 162.550 MHz) a i ʻole ka Nūhou AM/FM."]

Layer 1: Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻoi loa mai ka make ʻana o nā pūnaewele kelepona a me Smartphone Satellite SOS¶

Ma mua o kou manaʻo ʻana he mea ʻole kāu kelepona i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka "No Service" a i ʻole "SOS Only" ma ke kihi o luna o kāu pale, e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o ka roaming pilikia a me ka hana ʻana o ka lako lako uila.

1. Pehea ka "SOS wale nō" / kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa¶

Ke pau ka mana o ka hale kiaʻi o kāu mea lawe (no ka laʻana, Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, Vodafone, EE, Rogers, a i ʻole Telstra), hōʻike kāu kelepona "SOS," "SOS Only," a i ʻole "Emergency Calls Only." Ma lalo o nā kauoha kelepona pili honua (me nā lula FCC ma United States, Ofcom ma United Kingdom, CRETTC) ʻO ka hale kiaʻi mai kekahi mea hoʻolako pūnaewele hoʻokūkū e koi ʻia e hele i kahi kelepona pilikia (911, 112, a i ʻole 999)** inā ʻaʻohe āu moʻokāki me kēlā mea lawe, a inā ʻaʻohe hoʻolālā SIM ikaika o kāu kelepona. E ho'āʻo mau e kelepona i kou wahi helu pilikia mua.

2. Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka Smartphone Satellite SOS a me ka Satellite Messaging (ʻAʻohe mea pono ʻē aʻe)¶

Loaʻa i nā smartphones hou nā modem lekiō kūikawā hiki ke kamaʻilio pololei me ka spacecraft e hoʻopololei ana i nā haneli mau kilomita ma luna o ka wā e loaʻa ai ke kelepona ʻole a i ʻole ka uhi Wi-Fi: - ** Nā mea i kākoʻo ʻia:** Apple ** iPhone 14, iPhone 15, iPhone 16, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hou aku** (e holo ana i ka iOS 16.1+ no Emergency SOS ma o Satellite a me iOS 18+ no nā ala ʻelua iMessage/SMS ma o Satellite); Google Pixel 9 moʻo a me ka mea hou aku (Satellite SOS ma o Garmin Response a me ka lawe leka uila); a me ** Direct-to-Cell (D2C) LTE lawelawe ukali** (e like me T-Mobile Starlink Direct-to-Cell, Rogers Satellite, a me One NZ me ka hui pū ʻana me SpaceX, e ʻae ana i nā kelepona LTE maʻamau e hoʻouna i nā leka uila ma o nā satelite orbit haʻahaʻa-Earth-orbit). - Lānā laina ʻike kino no ka pilina ukali: ʻAʻole like me nā hōʻailona kelepona e kuʻi ana ma ka pā maloʻo a me nā hale, nāwaliwali nā alapine L-band a me S-band ma hope o ka huakaʻi 500 a 1,400 mau kilomita (310 a 870 mau mile) mai ka lewa. 1. Hele i waho: E hele i loko o kahi kaʻa kaʻa ākea, pā hale, kahua, a i ʻole ma waena o ke alanui me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka lani a me ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā lau lāʻau nui, nā hale metala, nā canyons hohonu, a me nā alapiʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e pale i nā hōʻailona ukali. 2. E hāhai i ke kōkua kuhikuhi ma ka ʻaoʻao: No ka neʻe ʻana o nā satelite Low Earth Orbit (LEO) ma ka lani ma 27,000 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola (17,000 mile i kēlā me kēia hola), hōʻike ka pale o kāu kelepona i kahi pua kuhikuhi e hōʻike ana iā ʻoe i ke ala e hoʻohuli ai i kou kino e laka i ka satellite e hala aʻe. 3. Manaʻo 15 a 120 kekona no kēlā me kēia memo: Ma lalo o ka lani mālamalama, e hoʻouna ana i kahi kikokikona pōkole a i ʻole ka nīnau nīnau hoʻokolokolo pilikia ma o ka satellite e lawe i 15 a 30 kekona; ma lalo o ka uhi lāʻau māmā, hiki ke lawe i hoʻokahi minuke. E mālama mau i ke kelepona ma kou lima a hiki i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pale "Sent." 4. E ho'āʻo i ka Satellite Demo i kēia lā: ʻO Apple (Nā Hoʻonohonoho > Emergency SOS > Hoʻāʻo Demo) a me Google Pixel (Settings > Safety & Emergency > Satellite SOS > E hoʻāʻo i kahi demo) e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka laka ʻana i kahi satelite ma luna maoli i 2 mau minuke me ke kāhea ʻole ʻana i nā mea hoʻouna pilikia.

3. Nā mea kamaʻilio ukali hoʻolaʻa kūʻē iā Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs)¶

No nā poʻe huakaʻi kuaʻāina, nā luina, nā hale kuaʻāina, a i ʻole nā ​​mea pane pōʻino ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi i nā pihi kelepona, ʻelua mau mea hana satelika i hoʻolaʻa ʻia:

Layer 2: Loaʻa i nā hoʻolaha kūhelu me ka pūnaewele ʻole (NOAA Weather Radio a me AM/FM/SW)¶

I ka wā e pōʻeleʻele ai nā hale kiaʻi kelepona a me ka pūnaewele home fiber, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa no nā keʻena hoʻokele pilikia e hiki aku ai i nā miliona o ka poʻe i ka manawa like ʻo hoʻokahi ala hoʻolaha radio terrestrial. Hiki ke uhi ʻia kahi mea hoʻouna AM a i ʻole VHF mana kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kiʻekiʻe mauna a i ʻole hale kiaʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka generator i 60 a 300 mau kilomita (40 a 185 mau mile).

1. NOAA Weather Radio Nā pōʻino a pau (ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Teritori, a me Weatheradio Kanada)¶

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, hoʻohana ka National Weather Service (NWS) a me Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) i kahi ʻoihana hoʻomau 24-hola ma luna o 1,000 VHF FM transmitters i kapa ʻia ʻo NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) a me Weatheradio Canada. ʻOiai ka inoa, hoʻolaha ʻo NWR ** i nā pōʻino a pau **, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i ka makani ʻino a me nā ʻino, akā ʻo Amber Alerts pū kekahi, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika, nā pilikia o ka mana nuklea, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo wai paila, 911 kelepona pau ʻana, a me nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu ahi ma o ka Emergency Alert System (EAS).

ʻO ka 7 VHF NOAA Weather Radio alapine (E hoʻomanaʻo a hōʻoia i kāu mau leo lekiō i kēia)¶

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokani i nā lekiō AM/FM maʻamau a me nā lekiō kīhini ** ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokani iā NOAA Weather Radio no ka mea, hoʻolaha ʻo ia ma luna pono o ka hui mele FM ma nā alapine VHF kūikawā ʻehiku ma waena o 162.400 MHz a me 162.550 MHz: - Kānela 1: 162.400 MHz - Kānela 2: 162.425 MHz - Kānela 3: 162.450 MHz - Kānela 4: 162.475 MHz - Kānela 5: 162.500 MHz - Kānela 6: 162.525 MHz - Kānela 7: 162.550 MHz

No ke aha ʻoe e makemake ai i kahi lekiō me "SAME" (Specific Area Message Encoding)¶

Inā haʻalele ʻoe i kahi lekiō maʻamau i hoʻā ʻia i ka pō, e ʻā ana ia i kahi puʻupuʻu no ka hekili e ʻōlelo ana he 80 kilomita (50 mau mile) ka mamao ma kahi kalana kokoke. ʻO kahi lekiō a i ʻole ka lekiō NOAA portable i lako me SAME (Specific Area Message Encoding) a me ka Public Alert™ certification logo hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻi i kāu 6-helu helu FIPS/SAME code (a i ʻole code CLC provincial ma Kanada). Noho mālie ka lekiō ma ke ʻano standby 24 hola o ka lā a hoʻohuli ʻokoʻa i kāna leo leo ma ka leo kiʻekiʻe loa me ka **1,050 Hz hoʻolohe ʻana ** wale nō ke hoʻopuka ʻia kahi mākaʻikaʻi kūhelu no kou kalana pololei.

2. AM, FM, DAB+, a me Shortwave hoʻolaha lekiō ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa¶

• Lekiō AM (Medium Wave, 530 a 1700 kHz): Pono kēlā me kēia ʻohana e mālama i kahi lekiō AM/FM e hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākaukau (me ka lekiō kaʻa ma ke ala). No ke aha ʻo AM? ʻOiai e hele ana nā hawewe lekiō FM i ka laina o ka ʻike (ma kahi o 50 a 65 mau kilomita / 30 a 40 mau mile), ʻo ke ala māmā 50,000-watt AM stations e huakaʻi ana ma ka nalu honua i ke ao a lele i ka ionosphere (sky-wave) i ka pō, e ʻae iā ʻoe e lohe i nā nūhou a me nā pōkole pilikia mai nā kūlanakauhale **300 a hiki i 8 mau mile. wahi ʻeleʻele.
• Nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha honua:
• United Kingdom & ʻEulopa: E hoʻokani i ka FM/AM a i ʻole **DAB+ mau mea hoʻokipa ** i BBC Local Radio / BBC Radio 4 (92 a i 95 FM a i ʻole 198 kHz Longwave) a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolaha lehulehu, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha kīwila i koho ʻia i ka wā i loaʻa ʻole ai nā leka uila.
• Australia: Hoʻokani i kahi lekiō AM/FM i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pākahiko i ABC Local Radio, ka mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha pilikia no ke ahi ahi, ʻino, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo waikahe ma kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina a me nā teritore.

Layer 3: Nā lekiō ʻelua ala o ke kaiāulu a me ka ʻohana (FRS, GMRS, PMR446, a me CB)¶

Inā pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio pololei ma waena o nā kaʻa ʻelua i ka wā o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ala nui, e nānā i nā mākua ʻelemakule 2 kilomita (1.2 mile) ka mamao, a i ʻole e hoʻonohonoho i kahi kiaʻi kaiāulu i ka wā o ka pō ʻeleʻele i nā lā he nui, simplex ʻelua ala ʻelua (walkie-talkies) hoʻouna pololei mai ka lekiō i ka lekiō me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i nā hale kiaʻi kelepona a i ʻole ka pūnaewele.

1. Hoʻohālikelike i ka mea kūʻai a me ka ʻohana i nā lawelawe lekiō ʻelua ala¶

2. No ke aha ʻo GMRS ke kumu gula no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻohana US (a pehea e hana ai ka FRS/GMRS interoperability)¶

Ma 2017, ua hoʻohui ka US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) i ka papa kuhikuhi pinepine no FRS a me GMRS. ʻO ia hoʻi, he $25 pālua o ka FRS walkie-talkies ʻole laikini i kūʻai ʻia ma kahi hale kūʻai lako a me kahi lekiō kaʻa 5-watt GMRS lima a i ʻole 50-watt ** kamaʻilio pololei kekahi i kekahi ma nā Kanal 1 a hiki i 22**. - Ke noi nei i kahi ** laikini GMRS** ma ka FCC Universal Licensing System (wireless.fcc.gov) koi ** ʻaʻohe hoʻokolohua loea**, nā koina \(35 no 10 makahiki (\)3.50 i kēlā me kēia makahiki), a hāʻawi i hoʻokahi hōʻailona kelepona e uhi pono i ** ʻoe, kāu kāne, kāu mau keiki, kou mau mākua, kāu moʻopuna, kou mau kaikaina, a me kou mau ʻanakē/ʻanakala/nānānāwai**. - Me ka laikini GMRS, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kahi antenna magnetic liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka hale kila o kāu kaʻa a hoʻopili i kahi lekiō GMRS mobile 15-a-50-watt i loko o kāu kumu hoʻohui 12-volt, e hoʻonui ana i ka pae kamaʻilio kamaʻāina i ʻelima paʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi walkie-talkie plastic i paʻa i loko o kahi hale kaʻa.

3. ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻo koʻikoʻi ma nā "Privacy Codes" (CTCSS / DCS Sub-Audible Tones)¶

Aneane nā mea kūʻai aku FRS, GMRS, a me PMR446 walkie-talkie hoʻolaha i "121 Privacy Codes" a i ʻole "Quiet Channels" ma ka pahu. - ** ʻAʻole hoʻopili a hūnā paha nā code pilikino i kou leo:** ʻO kēlā me kēia me ka lekiō kumu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka Code Privacy 0 (Off) ma Channel 3 hiki ke lohe i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo āu e ʻōlelo ai inā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kāu lekiō iā Channel 3, Code Privacy 14. - He aha nā code CTCSS/DCS e hana maoli ai: ʻO ka Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) code e hoʻopaneʻe wale i kāu * kamaʻilio ke ʻole ka lawe ʻana mai i kahi leo sub-audible kikoʻī. - Ka pahele ulia pōpilikia: Inā hoʻonoho ʻoe i kāu lekiō iā Channel 3, Code 12, a hoʻonoho kou hoalauna i kā lākou lekiō iā Channel 3, Code 0, e lohe ana kou hoalauna iā ʻoe e kāhea ana i ke kōkua, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lohe i kou hoalauna e pane ana iā ʻoe no ka mea, hoʻopaneʻe kāu lekiō i ko lākou leo. No nā ʻupena pilikia pilikia, e ʻae paha e hoʻohana i ka Privacy Code 0 (Off) i lohe ʻoe i nā mea a pau ma ke kahawai, a i ʻole e paʻi i ka helu Kanal + Tone pololei ma ka lepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o kēlā me kēia lekiō ʻohana.

Layer 4: Amateur Radio (Ham Radio) a me nā pūnaewele pōʻino lōʻihi¶

Ke hoʻopau ka makaniʻino, ōlaʻi, a i ʻole ke ahi ahi i nā ʻoihana āpau āpau ma waena o nā haneli mau kilomita, Amateur Radio (Ham Radio) hāʻawi i nā pūnaewele leo VHF/UHF kūloko (2-mika. 144 to 148 MHz a me 70-senimita 420 to 450 MHz nā pūʻali) a me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe intercontinental (HF 3 to 30 MHz) leo hawewe lewa a me ka leka uila kikohoʻe (Winlink Global Radio Email) me ka ʻole o ka satellite a i ʻole ke kaula.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna ma ka Radio Ham me ka ʻole o ka laikini i ka wā o ke ola a make paha?¶

• I nā manawa maʻamau: ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana ma nā lekiō amateur pono e loaʻa kahi laikini aupuni komo (e like me ka FCC Technician Class license ma United States, ka Ofcom Foundation License ma United Kingdom, ka Basic Qualification ma Kanada, a i ʻole ka Foundation License ma Australia), i loaʻa ma ka hele ʻana i kahi hoʻokolokolo koho 35 pololei. ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā lekiō amateur he 100% kānāwai no kēlā me kēia me ka ʻole o ka laikini.
• I loko o kahi ulia pōpilikia ola-a-make koke: Ma lalo o FCC Part 97.403 a me 97.405 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (a me nā hoʻoponopono lekiō ITU o ka honua holoʻokoʻa), ʻae ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻohana i kekahi ala o ka lekiō ma ko lākou makemake e kāhea aku i ke kōkua koke e ** hoʻopakele i ke ola kanaka a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai mai ka hoʻopōʻino maʻamau.
• No ke aha ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kali a hiki i kahi pōʻino ke hoʻopā i kahi lekiō ham: ʻAʻole like me kahi walkie-talkie FRS/GMRS maʻalahi, hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pinepine o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, nā leo PL (Hz), a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka duplex i kahi transceiver amateur VHF/UHF ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua. E hoʻohana paha i ka FRS/GMRS no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻohana plug-and-play, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i hoʻokahi hopena pule e aʻo ai no kāu laikini hoʻomaka ʻenehana/Foundation no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka **ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) i kēlā me kēia pule a i ʻole RACES mau ʻupena pōʻino ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o kahi pilikia.

ʻO ka "3-3-3 Radio Plan" a me ka palapala kaʻina hana leo pilikia¶

ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻohana i kahi walkie-talkie me ka ʻole o ka papa manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻule i loko o 12 mau hola no ka mea ke waiho ʻana i kahi lekiō paʻa lima e hoʻomau ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kona pākaukau ma 8 a 14 mau hola. E hoʻohana i ka 3-3-3 Radio Protocol i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa (a i ʻole e hoʻopilikino iā ia no kou ʻohana):

1. Kānela 3 (a i ʻole nā ​​kaha kumu mua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i koho ʻia e kou ʻohana): E hoʻopaʻa mua i ka lekiō ʻohana a pau i ke Channel Primary like (e laʻa, FRS/GMRS ** Channel 3, Code Privacy 0**) a kākau i kahi Channel Backup (no ka laʻana, Channel 16, Privacy Code 0) ma kahi ʻāpana lipine wai ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka puka ma hope o ka pahu pahu.
2. ** ʻO kēlā me kēia 3 hola (ma nā hola 3):** ʻAʻohe mea e haʻalele i kā lākou lekiō i ka lā a pau. Akā, e hoʻā nā mea a pau i kā lākou lekiō ma 9:00 AM, 12:00 PM, 3:00 PM, 6:00 PM, a me 9:00 PM (a me 12:00 AM / 3:00 AM / 6:00 AM i ka wā o ka ulia pōpilikia).
3. E hoʻolohe no 3 a 10 mau minuke: E hoʻā i ka lekiō no nā minuke 10 mua ma mua o ka hola e hoʻololi i nā kūlana kūlana, a laila e hoʻohuli i ka lekiō e hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokahi pākahi pākahi no ʻelua pule piha.

Kopi-a-paʻi ʻana i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona hōʻeha lekiō pilikia (Mayday vs. Pan-Pan)¶

Inā pono ʻoe e kāhea i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā a i ʻole ke kōkua hoʻopakele ma luna o kahi VHF moana, mokulele, GMRS, CB, a i ʻole kaila lekiō amateur, e kaomi a paʻa i ke pihi Push-To-Talk (PTT) ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lekiō, kali i 1 kekona piha ma mua o ka ʻōlelo ʻana (no laila ʻaʻole ʻoki ʻia ka huaʻōlelo mua), e ʻōlelo mālie ma ka microphone (5 kenimika mai kou mau lehelehe maʻamau)

"MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. (E hoʻohana i ka 'PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN, PAN-PAN' inā wikiwiki akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola). ʻO [Kou inoa a i ʻole ka hōʻailona kelepona] ma [Wāhiehi alanui pololei, Landmark, a i ʻole GPS Coordinates]. **He [Nature of Emergency: la. He [Number] makua a me [Number] keiki maanei. [E haʻi pōkole i nā ʻeha a i ʻole ka pōʻino]. Ke nānā nei mākou i kēia alapine [Helu Kaila / Frequency MHz]. Hiki i kekahi ke kope i kēia hoʻoili? Pau." (E hoʻokuʻu koke i ke pihi PTT i hiki i nā poʻe ke pane aku).

Ka papa inoa o nā kamaʻilio pilikia pilikia ma waho¶

E hoʻopau i kēia mau hana hoʻomākaukau i kēia lā i hiki i kou ʻohana ke hoʻouna a loaʻa i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka ʻeleʻele:

• E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka demo Satellite SOS o kāu kelepona ma waho: E wehe i nā ʻōkuhi > SOS Emergency (iPhone) a i ʻole Palekana & Emergency > Satellite SOS (Pixel) a hoʻopau i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lani ola 2 mau minuke i ʻike ʻoe pehea e laka ai i ka satelite ma mua o kahi pilikia.
• E kākau iho i kāu mea hoʻokaʻaʻike ma waho o ka ʻāina ma ka pepa kino: Hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia kanaka makua a me nā keiki i kahi laminated kāleka pili pilikia ka helu ʻana i ka helu kelepona o kekahi ʻohana e noho ana ma kahi o 160+ kilomita (100+ mau mile).
• E kau i kahi lekiō NOAA Weather / AM / FM i hoʻolako ʻia i ka SAME ma kou home: E hoʻolālā i kāu code SAME/FIPS kalana 6-helu kūloko, e hōʻoia i ka mea o nā 7 VHF weather channel (162.400 i 162.550 MHz) loaʻa ka hōʻailona ikaika loa ma kou hale, a e mālama i nā pākahi lithium AA/AAA he 10 mau makahiki me ia.
• ** E hoʻolako i kou ʻohana me 2 a 4 mau lekiō FRS, GMRS, PMR446, a i ʻole UHF CB ʻelua ala:** E hoʻopolokalamu mua i nā ala, e hoʻopau i nā code pilikino like ʻole (a i ʻole e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana), a kau i kahi lepili wai ʻole ma hope o kēlā me kēia lekiō e hōʻike ana i kāu Primary Channel, Backup Channel, a me 3-Hour Check-In, 3-Hour Check-In. 3:00, 6:00).
• Hoʻoiho i nā palapala ʻāina hoʻopahemo i kēlā me kēia kelepona ʻohana: E wehe i nā palapala ʻāina Google, Apple Maps, a i ʻole Organic Maps i kēia lā a hoʻoiho i ke alanui holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa a me ka palapala topographic o kou kūlanakauhale, mokuʻāina/kaulana, a me nā ala haʻalele no laila e hana ka chip GPS o kāu kelepona me nā hale kiaʻi kelepona ʻole. E nana ke hoʻohana nei i kēia pūnaewele ma waho.
• ** E hoʻopaʻa i kahi waihona mana USB 10,000 a 20,000 mAh a me nā kaula hoʻopiʻi lehulehu ** i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻeke hele no laila e hoʻomau ʻia nā kelepona a me nā lekiō USB-C rechargeable no ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau lā.

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• Ke Keʻena Palekana Pūnaewele a me nā ʻOihana Hoʻolālā a me ka Federal Emergency Management Agency (CISA / FEMA, United States): Emergency Communications Preparedness Checklist, PACE Planning Methodology, a me Nā Manaʻo no ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka wā pilikia.
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Weather Service (NOAA / NWS, United States): NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) Frequency Assignments, Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) Technical Specifications, and Receiver Guidelines.
• ** Kaiapuni a me ka Hoololi Climate Canada (ECCC, Kanada):** Weatheradio Canada Network Frequencies and Specific Area Message Encoding (CLC Codes).
• Komikina Hoʻolaha Federal (FCC, United States): 47 CFR Māhele 95 (Nā lawelawe Radio Pilikino: FRS, GMRS, MURS, a me CB Rula) a me 47 CFR Part 97 (Amateur Radio Service Emergency Communications Rules 97.403 & 97.405).
• Ofcom a me ke Keena Kuhina (United Kingdom): PMR446 License-Free Radio Technical Parameters and UK National Emergency Alerts / Public Broadcasting Resilience.
• Ka Hui Telecommunication International a me ka Polokalamu Cospas-Sarsat (International): 406 MHz Satellite Distress Beacons (PLB/EPIRB) a me Direct-to-Device Satellite Emergency Standards.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Hoʻolālā pilikia ʻohana
• mīkini hana kāleka pili pilikia
• Ka papa inoa o ka pahu ulia pōpilikia
• ʻeke hele a me ka ʻeke hoʻokuʻu
• Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia pūnaewele ma waho
• Helu pilikia