Hoʻopio ʻo Whitewater Raft, Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka Waʻa, a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka ʻeke.¶

ʻO ka hoʻopio ʻana i loko o kahi lāʻau wai keʻokeʻo kūʻai a pilikino paha, cataraft, a i ʻole ka ʻāpana kuaʻāina i ka papa III a i ka papa V wikiwiki e hana i ʻekolu mau mea hoʻoweliweli ola i loko o nā kekona 5 mua: (1) Underneath-Boat Entrapment a me Perimeter Line Entanglement (e piʻi pololei ana ma lalo o ka pōʻeleʻele, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ea i lalo o ka pā pōhaku ma lalo o ka pā. ka hull 200-kilograms / 440-paona, a i ʻole ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae a i ʻole ka ʻaʻahu ola i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka laina hopu a i ʻole ke kaula hao), (2) High-Velocity Swiftwater Trauma and Foot Entrapment (e hoʻāʻo nei e kū i luna i ka pūhaka a hoʻopaʻa i ka kāmaʻa ma waena o nā pōhaku kahawai), a me "Hydrabed Rocks) a me Flush Drowning i ka wai anuanu a hoʻoheheʻe hau. Wahi a ʻAmelika Whitewater (AW) nā moʻolelo waihona ulia pōpilikia, ka International Rafting Federation (IRF), a me Rescue 3 International, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea make i ka wai keʻokeʻo i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai ka mea ʻauʻau e kū i luna i ka neʻe ʻana o ke au, ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea ʻauʻau ma waena o kahi lāʻau i hoʻohuli ʻia a me kahi mea pale paʻa (broach / wrap), a i ʻole i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai ka mea hoʻopakele mākaukau ʻole iā ia iho i ke kaula a lele ʻole paha me ka ʻole o ka mīkini hoʻopakele wai wikiwiki.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka hoe waʻa a i ʻole ka mea holo kaʻa i kēia manawa, paʻi ʻia ma lalo o kahi lāʻau i ʻōwili ʻia, paʻa ʻia e ka wāwae, a i ʻole ʻia i ke kahawai i ka wai anuanu, e kelepona i kāu helu ulia pōpilikia kūloko (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka European Union, 999 ma United Kingdom), e hoʻomaka i kahi SOS ma kāu mea kelepona ukali (Garmin inReach, ACR ResQLink PLB, a i ʻole Apple Emergency SOS via Satellite), a i ʻole e nīnau i kā mākou honua helu pilikia papa kuhikuhi. E hahai i nā hana hoʻopakele iā ʻoe iho, hoʻoponopono waʻa, a hoʻolei ʻeke ʻeke ma lalo.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. **Inā lele ka lāʻau a lele ʻoe i lalo o ka waʻa kahuli, mai makaʻu i ka pōʻeleʻele: e kau i nā lima ʻelua i ka papahele kopa ma luna o kou poʻo a "hele lima" pololei i ke kukui ʻālohilohi kokoke loa a i ʻole i ke kahawai i uka/ʻaoʻao **: Ma lalo o ka lāʻau i hoʻohuli ʻia me nā papahele humuhumu a me nā paipu hoʻopaʻa, akā he ʻeke ea pāpaʻu i waena o ke kahawai, inā aia ma waena o ke kahawai. aia ma lalo a i ʻole ma lalo ponoʻī ** i lalo o ka moku e paʻi iā ʻoe i ka pōhaku. E kīkoʻo iā ʻoe iho i ka lima ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka papahele a hiki i ka hope o ke kahawai a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao mai nā pōhaku e hele mai ana a hiki i ka puka ʻana o kou poʻo i waho i ke ao ākea.
2. ** MAI hoʻonoho i kou kino ma waena o ka lāʻau lana a me ka pōhaku i lalo, ke alahaka, a i ʻole ka pā canyon ("High-Side / Upstream Rule"): He 4.3-mika (14-kapuai) ka wai keʻokeʻo i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka wai a me nā mea hana e lawe ana ma luna o 500 a 1,000 kilokani (1,100 a 2,200 mau paona). Inā lana ʻoe ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o kou waʻa kahuli a paʻi ka waʻa i ka pōhaku, e paʻi ka pahu i kou umauma a i ʻole e paʻi iā ʻoe ma lalo o ka wai i ka pōhaku. E ʻauʻau koke a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao uka o ka lāʻau a i ʻole e piʻi ** i luna o ka papahele ʻōpala i hoʻohuli ʻia i kēia manawa.
3. Inā ʻauheʻe ʻia ʻoe mai ka waʻa a hiki i ka wikiwiki, e hoʻopaʻa koke i ka Defensive Whitewater Swimming Position (ma kou kua, wāwae i lalo i ka ʻili, ʻaʻole kū i luna): E like me ka uhi ʻia i kā mākou ʻO ke ala o ka muliwai swiftwater, kānana, a me ke alakaʻi dam poʻo haʻahaʻa, mai ho'āʻo e kau i kou mau wāwae ma luna o ke kahawai i loko o ka wai hohonu ma mua o kou mau kuli: hoʻokahi kāmaʻa wīwī e hoʻopaʻa i ka wāwae i loko o kekona. E lana ma kou kua me kou mau wawae e kuhikuhi ana i lalo akau ma ka ilikai e lele mai i na pohaku, e malama i kou hoe wale no ke keakea ole ia i ka au ana, a e nana aku maluna o kou poohiwi no kou waapa a i ole he mea hoopakele eke pahu ma uka.
4. Inā hoʻolei ka mea hoʻopakele iā ʻoe i ke kaula Throw Bag melemele/ʻulaʻula, e hopu i ke kaula (ʻAʻole loa i ka ʻeke ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻōwili i ke kaula ma kou lima a i kou pūhaka) a huki paʻa i ke kaula ma luna o kou poʻohiwi UPSTREAM (The Pendulum Ferry Position):
5. E hoʻopaʻa i ke kaula me nā lima ʻelua e pili ana i kou umauma/iwi puʻupuʻu i haʻalele ke kaula i kou umauma ma luna o ka poʻohiwi kokoke loa i ka panakō o ka mea hoʻopakele (upstream shoulder).
6. No ke aha e ko'iko'i ai ka po'ohiwi i uka: Inā holo ke kaula ma luna o kou po'ohiwi lalo (ma waho o ke kapa), hopu ke au i kou kino ma kahi kihi i waho a ho'olele iā 'oe mai uka mai a ho'ohuli paha i lalo i lalo o ka wai. ʻO ka holo ʻana i ke kaula ma luna o kou poʻohiwi i luna e ʻoki ai i kou kino i 45 degere i i ka panakō no laila e hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ʻoe e ka pendulum o kēia manawa i loko o ka eddy.
7. Inā aia ʻoe ma uka a i ʻole ma ka lāʻau e hoʻolei ana i kahi ʻeke kiola i ka mea ʻauʻau i ke au, mai hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao kahakai o ke kaula i kahi kumulāʻau, kahi lāʻau lāʻau, a i kou pūhaka ponoʻī: E hoʻopaʻa mau i ke kaula me ka Hip Belay i kahi kūpaʻa pāʻani ākea ākea i hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i ka lohi a i ʻole ka hele wāwae ʻana i ke kapa.V-drag) ke hele ka laina.
8. Inā hoʻohuli ʻia kahi pahu me nā kaula ʻūhā (Capsize in a Decked or Strapped Packraft), e hilinaʻi i mua, e huki i kāu Loop Hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki Hoʻokahi-Point (Spraydeck & Thigh-Strap Bailout), a pahu i waho me kou mau lima e like me ka wehe ʻana i ka pālule: Mai hoʻopaʻa i nā kaula ʻūhā kūʻokoʻa i loko o kahi pahu e koi ana i ʻelua mau lima kaʻawale e wehe i lalo o ka wai; e hōʻoia mau i kou hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kaula ʻūhā ma mua o ke komo wikiwiki ʻana.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: keʻokeʻo a i ʻole packraft e hoʻohuli i ke ola a hoʻopakele¶

E hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau hoʻoholo hoʻoholo i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai kahi lāʻau, cataraft, a i ʻole packraft e hoʻomaka i ka ʻōpala ma luna o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka huli ʻana i lalo i ka wikiwiki.

flowchart TD
    Incident["ʻO Whitewater Raft a i ʻole Packraft Broaching ma luna o ka Pōhaku a i ʻole ka hoʻohuli ʻana i luna i lalo"] --> Phase{"He aha ka mea e hana nei i kēia manawa?"}

    Phase -->|"1. Kuʻi ʻo Raft i ka Pōhaku & Hoʻomaka e Piʻi i luna"| HighSide["YELL 'SIDE HIGH' -> Holoi a hoʻolei i ke kaumaha o ke kino holoʻokoʻa ma luna o ka paipu e hāpai ana i ka pōhaku."]

    Phase -->|"2. Huli ʻo Raft i luna i lalo"| WhereAreYou{"Ma hea ʻoe i hele ai ma hope o ka Flip?"}

    WhereAreYou -->|"Malalo o ka Laau Huli"| UnderEscape["E kaomi i nā lima ʻelua i ka papahele Rubber ma luna o ke poʻo -> Holo wikiwiki i ka lā a hiki i uka a i ʻole ʻaoʻao mai nā pōhaku."]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Ma ka aoao o ka Laau Huli"| ClimbOrUp["E nānā i lalo no nā Pōhaku -> E piʻi koke i luna o ka papahele i hoʻohuli ʻia (a i ʻole e hoʻohuli iā ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau i luna ma o ka laina Flip) -> ʻaʻole e lana ma waena o ka waʻa a me ka pōhaku lalo."]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Holoi i lalo o ka waapa"| SwimOrHole{"Aia ʻoe ma Open Rapids, Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka Hole Hydraulic, a i ʻole ke ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻeke kiola?"}

    UnderEscape --> ClimbOrUp

    SwimOrHole -->|"Ma Open Rapids"| DefSwim["AUʻU DEFENSIVE: Ma hope, Nā wāwae i lalo i ka ʻili, 45-Degree Backstroke Ferry i ka Waʻa a i ʻole Shore Eddy"]
    SwimOrHole -->|"Paʻa i ka Recirculating Hydraulic ('Keeper Hole')"| HoleEscape["E ʻau ma hope i waho o ke kihi/poʻohiwi o ka lua a i ʻole ka pōʻeleʻele i luna a luʻu i loko o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo hohonu o lalo."]
    SwimOrHole -->|"ʻEke Hoʻolei Hoʻolāʻau Hoʻōla"| GrabRope["E ʻimi iā Whistle -> Grab Rope (ʻAʻole ʻeke) -> Hoʻopaʻa i ke kaula ma luna o ka UPSTREAM poʻohiwi ma hope aʻo ka Penduluming i kahakai"]

Māhele 1: Kāohi ʻana i kahi Flip (The "High-Side" Command) a me ke ola ʻana i nā kekona 5 mua o kahi Capsize¶

ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka holo ʻana o ka lāʻau keʻokeʻo, a kokoke loa i nā mea pōʻino ʻo raft wraps (kahi e pelu ʻia ai ka waʻa e like me ka taco a puni ka pōhaku waena ma nā tona o ke kaomi wai), hiki ke pale ʻia i loko o 2 kekona *ma hope o ka hahau ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka pōhaku inā hoʻokō kēlā me kēia mea kaʻa i hoʻokahi kauoha maʻalahi:

1. Pehea a me ke kumu e "ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe" ke ku ka lāʻau i ka pōhaku¶

Ke hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka lāʻau ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka diagonal me ka pōhaku a hāʻule i ka ʻaoʻao i loko o kahi lua hydraulic kiʻekiʻe: 1. ʻO ke au o ka wai e kahe ana i ka pūpuʻu i luna e hoʻokuke i kēlā paipu haʻahaʻa i lalo i lalo o ka wai. 2. I ka manawa e kulu ai ka paipu o uka ma lalo o ka ili o ka wai, e ahu ana ka ikaika piha o ka muliwai ma luna o ka paipu i lalo e like me ka ʻēheu hydrofoil, e hoʻopio wikiwiki i ka lāʻau ma luna o kona lihi a hiki i kona huli ʻana i 180 degere i lalo (a i ʻole e hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau paʻa i ka pōhaku i kahi ʻōwili mau). 3. ** ʻO ka "HIGH-SIDE" Counter-Move**: - I ka manawa e hoʻōho ai ke alakaʻi i ka "HIGH SIDE" (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau e piʻi ana KE kiʻekiʻe i ka lewa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka paipu e pili ana i ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka piko o lalo o ka nalu), ** pono e wehe koke kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka pahu haʻahaʻa i luna a hoʻolei i ko lākou kaumaha holoʻokoʻa ma luna o ka waʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka paipu piʻi**. - Ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i 300 a 500 kilokani (660 a 1,100 paona) o ke kaumaha o ke kino kanaka ma luna o ka paipu kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i ka pōhaku, e hoʻokuke ʻoe i ka paipu haʻahaʻa i luna hoʻi i luna o ka ʻili wai no laila e hele ke au i lalo *ma lalo o ka waʻa a hoʻoneʻe i ka lāʻau a puni ka pōhaku.

2. Paʻe ʻana mai lalo mai o kahi lāʻau i hoʻohuli ʻia, Cataraft, a i ʻole ka Oar Frame¶

Inā hāʻule ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe a lele ka lāʻau ma luna ou: - Hazard A (Paʻa ʻOar, Nā Hale Hoʻolau, Nā Mea Hoʻoluʻu, a me nā Kāʻei Loose): - Ma luna o ka lāʻau hoe a i ʻole cataraft me ke kiʻi alumini metala, 2.7-mika (9-kapuaʻi) hoe, pahu maloʻo, a me nā kaula kāmela, e kau ana ka pahu metala ** i lalo i lalo o ka wai** ke huli ka waʻa. - I ka holo ʻana o ka waʻa, e hoʻopaʻa i kou ʻauwae, e pale i kou poʻo i loko o kou mahiole, a e hoʻokuʻu i waho o ke kaʻa hoe waʻa waena i ʻole e paʻa kou mau kaula PFD a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae ma waena o ka pae wāwae a me ka mauna ʻoluʻolu. - Hazard B (ʻO ka ʻūhā / ʻEa-Pocket Trap Ma lalo o nā Raft-Bailing Rafts): - Ma lalo iho o ka lāʻau hoe maʻamau, ua hana nā ʻauwaʻa hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe ** i 2 a i ʻole 3 mau ʻaoʻao ʻāpana ʻehā ma lalo o ka papahele. - Mai ho'āʻo e luʻu pololei i lalo 2 mika (6.5 kapuaʻi) i ke kahawai pōhaku no ka puka ʻana mai lalo o ka waʻa; ma nā kahawai pāpaʻu, ʻo ka luʻu hohonu e hoʻopololei i kou mau kuli, maka, a i ʻole ka mahiole pololei i loko o nā pōhaku hohonu i ka wā e holo pololei ai ka waʻa ma luna ou. - Akā, e kū pololei ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka papahele o ka lāʻau, e hoʻolei i nā lima ʻelua i ke kaupaku ma luna o kou poʻo, e kū pono i ka kukui mālamalama loa ma ka ʻaoʻao i uka a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao hiki ʻole, a me ka hele lima ("monkey-crawl") ma ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o ka paipu nui o waho a hiki i kou poʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka paipu āpau.

3. Packraft Capsize Bailout: E pakele ana i nā Spraydecks, nā ʻūhā, a me nā ʻeke kakaka.¶

ʻAʻole like me nā waʻa pāʻoihana hāmama kahi e hāʻule wale ai ka poʻe holo i ka wā e huli ai ka waʻa, he packraft kuaʻāina i lako me kahi keʻe wai keʻokeʻo (cruiser deck) a me nā kaula ʻūhā 4-point a i ʻole 2-point ʻūhā e hoʻopaʻa i kou kino haʻahaʻa i loko o ka waʻa i luna i lalo a hiki i kou hoʻokō ʻana i kahi puka pulu. 1. Ma mua o ke komo ʻana i kekahi wikiwiki (Pre-Drop Cockpit Check): - E hōʻoia ʻo kāu Spraydeck Grab Loop (ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka lau melemele ma ka piko mua o ka Velcro/combings skirt) e pipili nei WAHO ma luna o ka papa, ʻaʻole loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo kahi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i luna i lalo i ka wai anuanu. - Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i ka ** ʻūhā ʻūhā i loko, e hōʻoia ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i kahi Single-Point Quick-Release Buckle i waenakonu o kou ʻūhā (a i ʻole hiki i kou kuli ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ke kaula ʻūhā hāmama i 0.5 kekona me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i kahi pale). 2. Ka puka ʻana o Packraft Wet ma lalo o ka wai: - ** Kaʻanuʻu A (Mai Lean I hope; Huli Imua): I ka wā e huli ai kāu pahu pahu i lalo, e hilinaʻi i kou ʻōpū a me kou lae i mua i kou mau kuli e pale i kou alo a me ka mahiole mai nā pōhaku pāpaʻu. - ** KaʻAnuʻu B (E ʻoki i ka Loop Hoʻopuʻi ʻO Spraydeck i mua a i luna): E hele i mua ma kou ʻūhā e hopu i ka loopdeck i mua a huki i mua/i luna e ʻili i ke kapa mai ke apo hui. - ** Kaʻanuʻu C (Hoʻokuʻu i nā kaula ʻūhā a Push Off e like me ka Wehe ʻana i nā Pants)**: Huki i kou ʻūhā waena i ke kaula hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki (a i ʻole e hui pū i nā kuli ʻelua i ke laina waena e wehe ai i nā ʻeke ʻūhā hāmama), e kau i nā lima ʻelua ma nā paipu ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao o kou pūhaka, a hoʻokuʻu i ka moku mai kou mau wāwae. - Step D (Maintain Contact with Boat and Paddle Via Hand Grip Only): Aia kou poʻo i luna ma ka ʻaoʻao uka o ka pahu pahu, e hopu i ke kakaka hopu i ka lima ma kekahi lima a me kou hoe hoe ma kekahi lima (mai hoʻohana i ka lima lima a i ʻole ka wāwae hoe wāwae i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahawai, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoe leashed he mea hoʻopaʻa i ka pōhaku a me ka lālā). E ʻauʻau i ka packraft i hoʻohuli ʻia a hiki i ka eddy kokoke loa, a i ʻole e hoʻokō i waena o ka muliwai Packraft Re-Entry: hoʻohuli i ka moku māmā 3.5-kilogram (7.7-pauna) i luna i luna me ka lima hoʻokahi, huki i ka paipu ʻaoʻao i lalo a hiki i ka laina wai ma kou umauma, e kī ikaika e hoʻolana i kou ʻōpū ma ka papahele waena e like me ke kau ʻana i nā wāwae o ka loko.

Māhele 2: Hoʻopololei ʻia i kahi Raft Mid-River (The Flip Line / Belly Strap Technique)¶

ʻO ka wahi palekana loa i waena o ka papa III/IV wikiwiki loa a me ka hau hau, ʻo ia ka hoʻi i loko o kou lāʻau kū pono, ʻaʻole ʻauʻau no 800 mika (2,600 kapuaʻi) ma waena o nā māla pōhaku. Hiki i ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ka hoe waʻa akamai ke hoʻohuli i ka lāʻau i luna i lalo he 4.3 mika (14 kapuaʻi) i hope i loko o ma lalo o 15 kekona oiai e lana ana i waena o ka muliwai:

          HOW TO FLIP AN OVERTURNED RAFT RIGHT-SIDE UP ("THE FLIP LINE")

                       [Rescuer Stands on Far Side Tube]
                              O   <-- Leans Straight Back Over the Water
                             /|\      Pulling Tight Flip Line Attached to
                              | \     Opposite Perimeter D-Ring
                             / \ \
       ======================   \ \======================
      (   Left Tube (Lifts)  )___\_\(  Right Tube (Pivot) )  <-- Overturned Raft
       ======================        ======================
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ River Surface

1. ** Kaʻanuʻu 1 (E piʻi mua i ka lalo i hoʻohuli ʻia)**:
2. E piʻi i luna, e hopu i ke apo D-ring a i ʻole ka laina hopu nylon e holo ana ma waho o ka paipu nui, e huki i kou umauma ma luna o ka paipu, a e kolo ma luna o ka papahele palahalaha o ka lāʻau.
3. E hōʻoia ʻaʻole paʻa nā hoa hui ma lalo o ka papahele, a kōkua koke i ka poʻe ʻauʻau kokoke e piʻi i luna me ʻoe.
4. ** KaʻAnuʻu 2 (E hoʻopaʻa i ka Laina Flip / Kāʻei ʻōpū)**:
5. Wehe i kāu Flip Line (he 3-a-4-mika / 10-a-13-kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi o 2.5-centimeter / 1-iniha tubular nylon webbing me kahi carabiner laka i mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke pūhaka a i ʻoki ʻia paha i kāu PFD) a ʻoki i ka carabiner i loko o ka ** ʻaoʻao D-ring a i ʻole ka laina hopu ʻaoʻao ma kekahi ʻaoʻao**.
6. (Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i kahi Laina Flip i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, e hoʻohana i ka laina pena kakaka o ka lāʻau a i ʻole ke kaula daisy i ʻoki ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole loa e wehe i ke kaula ʻeke 20 mika e wili a puni kou mau wāwae i ka wā e lele ai ka moku.)
7. ** Kaʻanuʻu 3 (E kū ma ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē a hoʻi hope i ka ʻaoʻao lalo)**:
8. E hele ma ka papahele i kahuli a hiki i ka ** paipu kūʻē** (e hoʻonoho mau iā ʻoe iho i ka wā e hilinaʻi ai ʻoe i hope a hāʻule i loko o ka wai, e hāʻule ʻoe ma ka ʻaoʻao uka o ka lāʻau a i ʻole mai nā pōhaku e hele mai ana).
9. E kanu paʻa i nā wāwae ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka paipu kokoke, e huki paʻa i ka wīwī paʻa ma nā lima ʻelua, a ** e hoʻopololei i kou kaumaha holoʻokoʻa i hope ma kahi kihi 45-degere ma waho o ka wai** e like me ka rappelling mai ka pali.
10. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka paipu lōʻihi i ka lewa ma mua o 90 degere kūpaʻa, e hoʻokuʻu i ka laina hoʻohuli a hoʻokuʻu iā ʻoe iho i hope / ʻaoʻao mai ka waʻa (a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ke kiko e piʻi aʻe) i ʻole e paʻi ka paipu lāʻau kaumaha ma luna o kou poʻo ke pae ʻaoʻao i luna.
11. ** KaʻAnuʻu 4 (Ka PFD Poʻohiwi-Strap Lift no ka huki ʻana i ka poʻe ʻauʻau luhi i loko o ka waʻa)**:
12. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea ʻauʻau pulu pulu me ka lole wai a me ka PFD ke huki maʻalahi iā ia iho ma luna o kahi paipu lāʻau lāʻau 50 kenimika kiʻekiʻe (20 ʻīniha ke kiʻekiʻe).
13. No ka huki hou ʻana i ka mea ʻauʻau i ka waʻa i 2 kekona:
    1. E hoʻohuli i ka mea ʻauʻau i ke alo o ko lākou kua i ka pahu lāʻau (a i ʻole ke alo i loko inā hiki iā lākou ke kīkē a hopu i ka mea hoʻopā).
    2. E kū paʻa i loko o ka lāʻau, e hopu pono i ʻelua mau poʻohiwi o ka PFD o ka mea ʻauʻau me kou mau lima e huli ana i loko, e haʻi i ka mea ʻauʻau e "E kiʻi a lele hohonu i loko o ka wai ma ʻEkolu: 1, 2, 3", a ma ka 3, e noho pololei i hope i lalo o ka lāʻau, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kou mau wāwae a hāʻule i ke kaumaha o ka ʻauʻau ma luna o ka ʻauʻau. paipu kopa me he eke palaoa la.

Māhele 3: E pakele ai i kahi wai keʻokeʻo e hoʻihoʻi hou ana ("Keeper Hole / Reversal")¶

ʻAʻole e like me ka pā haʻahaʻa poʻo haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia e ke kanaka (e hoʻopili ana i ka muliwai holoʻokoʻa mai kahi kapa a hiki i kahi kapa me nā paia paʻa), kahi wai keʻokeʻo maoli ** Hydraulic ("Hole", "Stopper", a i ʻole "Keeper")** kahi i ninini ʻia ai ka wai ma luna o kahi papa pōhaku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hana ana i ka nalu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā mea ma ka ʻili.

Māhele 4: Pehea e hoʻokō ai i kahi hoʻopakele pahu pahu me ka ʻole o ka lumo ʻana i ka mea ʻeha a iā ʻoe iho.¶

ʻO ka Throw Bag (he ʻeke nilon melemele a ʻulaʻula paha he 15 a 23 mika / 50 a 75 kapuaʻi o ka lana ʻana he 8-9.5-milimeter / 0.31-a-0.37-inihi polypropylene a i ʻole ke kaula Dyneema-core) ʻo ia ka mea hana hoʻopakele wai māmā nui loa ma kekahi muliwai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana iā ia mai kahi kūpono ʻole a i ʻole nakinaki ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohuli i kahi hoʻopakele maʻamau i ka make pālua:

1. Kahi e kū ai ka mea hoʻopakele ma kahakai (Downstream of the Hazard, Above a Clean Eddy)¶

1. E nānā i kahi e koli ai ka mea ʻauʻau ke paʻa ke kaula (The Pendulum Path):
2. Ke hopu ka mea ʻauʻau i kāu kaula ma waena o ke kahawai, hoʻoluli ka ʻauʻau iā ia i loko o kahi pōʻai ʻehā nui (pendulum) nona ka radius i like me ka loa o ke kaula i waho.
3. E nānā i ka pendulum arc ma mua o ke kiola ʻana: Inā he lāʻau i hāʻule i lalo (strainer) a i ʻole pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia ma waena o ka mea ʻauʻau a me ke kahawai i lalo o ʻoe, ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kaula mai uka o kēlā kumu lāʻau e pendulum ka mea ʻauʻau pololei i ka lāʻau i lalo ma kahi kaula paʻa, e paʻi iā lākou i lalo o ka wai kahi hiki ʻole ke pakele. E neʻe mau i lalo o nā kānana a i ʻole e hele i ka laina e alakaʻi iā lākou i kahi eddy maʻemaʻe.
4. Ke Kūlana Hoʻopakele a me ka ʻūhā (ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia):
5. E hoʻopaʻa i ka loop/hopena o ke kaula ma kou lima i uka (ʻaʻole i ʻōwili ʻia i kou lima lima a i ʻole kou manamana lima), e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaula ma hope o kou kua/ pūhaka (Hip Belay) no laila, ʻo ka ʻāwili a puni kou pūhaka e hoʻopaʻa i ka ukana, a hoʻolei i ka ʻeke me kou lima i lalo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahu ma lalo, ka lima, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e kuhikuhi ʻia ** pololei a i ʻole 1 mika (3 kapuaʻi) i uka o ke poʻo o ka mea ʻauʻau**.
6. E hoʻōho a puhi paha i hoʻokahi puʻupuʻu ʻoi ma kāu puʻupuʻu (1 Blast = "Attention / Look Here") i ka manawa ma mua o kou kiola ʻana no laila, huli ka mea ʻauʻau i kona poʻo a ʻike i ke kaula e pāpaʻi ma kona umauma.
7. Pehea e kiola ai i ka lua o ka manawa (Re-Throw) Inā ʻaʻohe ʻoe:
8. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe he 60 kekona e hoʻihoʻi hou i 20 mika (65 kapuaʻi) o ke kaula i loko o ka ʻeke nilon liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka holoi ʻana o ka mea ʻauʻau a puni ka piko.
9. Akā, wili koke i ke kaula pulu ma nā puka lou nui a maʻemaʻe i loko o kou lima kīloi ʻole, e kiola i ka hapalua lita o ka wai kahawai i loko o ka ʻeke nylon kaʻawale ma kou lima kīloi no ke kaumaha, a hoʻolei mua i ka ʻeke paona wai ma hope o ka hapalua kekona ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā wili hamama mai kou lima ʻē aʻe (The Split-Coil Re-Throw).
10. ** ʻO ka ʻenehana "Vector Pull" e hoʻolalelale i ka mea ʻauʻau ma ka laina Eddy**:
11. Inā e kau ana ka mea ʻauʻau ma kāu kaula hoʻolei i ke au ikaika a kowali mālie i ke kapa, hiki i ka mea hoʻopakele lua ma kahakai ke hopu i ka waena o ke kaula hoʻolei paʻa a huki ma hope ma kahi kihi 90-degere (Vector Pull) a i ʻole holo pololei i uka i ke kahakai, e pāpālua i ka wikiwiki o loko o ka mea ʻauʻau e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou ma kahi laina eddy kūpikipikiʻo ma mua o ka holoi ʻana i kahi wikiwiki o lalo.

2. He aha kāu e hana ai inā "ʻāwili ʻia" kahi lāʻau a puni i kahi pōhaku ma waena o ka muliwai (a pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi 3:1 Z-Drag)¶

Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau, ka waʻa, a me ka cataraft ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea e pili ana i kahi pōhaku i ke au wikiwiki: 1. E hoʻokuʻu i nā kānaka a pau ma luna o ka pōhaku (a i ʻole i uka ma o ka pahu pahu) MUA ma mua o ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka moku. 2. Mai iho i lalo i ka ʻaoʻao i uka o ka moku i ʻōwili ʻia me kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae oiai e kahe ana ka wai ma luna o ia wahi: inā e hoʻoneʻe ka waʻa i 10 kenimika (4 ʻīniha) i ka pōhaku, hiki iā ia ke pahele i kou lima a wāwae paha me 1,000 kilokani (2,200 paona) o ka ikaika hydraulic. 3. E kali e ʻoki i nā kaula a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe i nā paipu a hiki i ka paʻa ʻana: Mai ʻoki i kahi paipu lāʻau i wehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana mua; ʻO ka paipu i hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi i ka buoyancy koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka ʻili ʻana mai ka pōhaku. Akā, e hoʻopili mua i kahi laina palekana i ke kakaka a i ʻole ka hope i ʻole e holoi ʻia ka waʻa ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kanaka ʻole i ka wā i lele ʻole ʻia ai, a laila huki mai kahakai ma ka hopena kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole D-ring ʻoi loa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi 3:1 Z-Drag mechanical advantage system: - E hoʻopaʻa i kahi maʻa pūnaewele paʻa a puni kahi lāʻau paʻa ma kahakai (Anchor) a ʻoki i kahi carabiner laka a me Single Pulley #1. - Holo i kāu kaula hoʻopakele paʻa mai ka Wrapped Boat's Bow/Stern D-Ring, ma o Pulley #1 ma ke kumulāʻau, a hoʻi i waho i ka muliwai (The Haul Line). - E hoʻopaʻa i kahi Prusik hitch ma ke kaula nui e alakaʻi ana i ka waʻa, e ʻoki i ka Pulley #2 i loko o kēlā poʻo Prusik, a hoʻopaʻa i ka huelo huki ma o Pulley #2 e hana i kahi 3:1 mechanical pono, e hoʻonui i kahi huki kahakai 3 kanaka i aneane 700 kilokani (1,500 paona) o ka ʻili mau.

Ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai anuanu i loko o ka wai keʻokeʻo, e wehe koke i nā papa pulupulu pulu, e hoʻokomo i ka huluhulu synthetic maloʻo a me ka pūpū pale makani, e hānai i nā kō i ka calorie kiʻekiʻe inā he haʻahaʻa ka haʻalulu, a mālama no ka ʻike anu me kā mākou. ʻo ka hypothermia wao nahele a me ke alakaʻi ola anu.

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha e hoʻopaʻa ai ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i ke ʻeke kiola i ke kaula ma luna o ko lākou poʻohiwi UPSTREAM ma mua o ko lākou poʻohiwi i lalo?¶

Ke lana nei ʻoe ma kou kua me kou mau wāwae e kuhikuhi ana i lalo a paʻa i kahi kaula hoʻopakele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha mai ke kapa muliwai, ʻo ke kūlana o ke kaula ma kou umauma e hoʻomalu i ka kihi o kou kino i ke au (kou Ferry Angle). Inā hala ke kaula i kou poʻohiwi i luna (ʻo ka poʻohiwi kokoke loa i ka mea hoʻopakele ma uka), hoʻohuli ka haʻalulu i kou poʻo a me kou mau poʻohiwi i 45 degere i ke kapa, e ʻae ana i ke au o ka muliwai e paʻi i kou ʻaoʻao a hoʻokuʻu iā ʻoe me ka mālie ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai i ke kahakai mālie. Inā ʻoe e paʻa i ke kaula ma luna o kou lalo iho poʻohiwi, hopu ka au i ka ʻaoʻao hewa o kou kino a hoʻolele iā ʻoe i waho i waenakonu o ka muliwai i ka wā e kaʻa ana iā ʻoe i lalo i ka wai.

No ke aha ʻaʻole ʻoe e hopu i ka ʻeke nylon ma ka hope o ke kaula kiola?¶

Ke hoʻolei ka mea hoʻopakele i kahi ʻeke kiola 20-mika (65-kapuaʻi) ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o kahi muliwai, aia nō i loko o ka ʻeke nylon ma ka hope ke kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia i loko. Inā ʻoe e hopu i ka ʻeke nylon ma mua o ka hopu ʻana i ke kaula melemele ma luna pono o ka ʻeke, e uku mau ana ke kaula i koe mai ka waha o ka ʻeke no kekahi mau mika oiai ʻoe e kahili ʻia i lalo, a ʻo ka ʻeke nylon pulu maʻemaʻe e hemo maʻalahi mai nā manamana anu ke ʻoki koke ka hope o ka laina. E hopu mau i ka kaula ponoi me nā lima ʻelua i kou umauma.

ʻOi aku ka palekana o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ka ʻeke ʻeke i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ana, a i ʻole ke kaula ʻana i ka ʻeke ʻeke i ke kakaka o ka packraft?¶

Mai ʻaʻahu i ka ʻeke ʻeke ma kou poʻohiwi i ka wā e hoe ana i kahi pahu pahu ma ka wai neʻe a i ʻole ka wai keʻokeʻo. Inā ʻaʻahu ʻoe i ka ʻeke ʻeke ʻeke, hopu ka ʻeke i ke au o lalo o ka wai, hoʻopau i kou hiki ke ʻōwili a ʻauʻau paha i ke kūlana ʻauʻau pale, paʻa i nā pōhaku i loko o ka wai a i ʻole nā kānana, a helu i ka piʻi ʻana o kāu Pūnaehana Flotation Personal (PFD) e pahu i kou alo i lalo o ka wai. E hoʻopaʻa mau i kāu mau mea hana i loko o nā paipu o loko o ka pahu zippered hull (Lele ʻaʻa / TiZip) a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka pūʻolo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kakaka me ka ʻole o nā huelo kaula.

He aha ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu wai keʻokeʻo ākea a me nā hōʻailona lima i ka wā pilikia o ka muliwai?¶

Ma lalo o ke ao holoʻokoʻa International Rafting Federation (`IRF`) a me ka Hui Waʻa ʻAmelika (`ACA`) nā hōʻailona wai māmā: Hoʻokahi pū puhi ʻo ia hoʻi "Nānā / Nānā i kēia ala"; ʻEkolu puhi kīkī manaʻo "EMERGENCY / Kokua pono koke". No nā hōʻailona lima / hoe: paʻa i ka hoe a i ʻole ka lima pololei a kū pololei ʻo ia hoʻi "Akaka nā mea a pau / palekana e hoʻomau / E hahai i kēia laina"; ka nalu hoe a lima paha ma luna o ke poʻo mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ka ʻaoʻao ʻo ia hoʻi "STOP / Ka pilikia i mua / Eddy i waho koke"; a kuhikuhi ʻana i ka hoe a lima paha ma ka diagonal ma kahi kihi kihi 45 degere i ka ʻaoʻao palekana a i ʻole ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai e lawe (mai kuhikuhi i ka pōʻino; kuhikuhi mau i ke ala palekana maikaʻi).

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (AW) National Accident Database & Safety Code of American Whitewater: Analysis of Whitewater Rafting, Kayaking, and Packrafting Fatalities, Entrapment Mechanics, and Rescue Protocols.
• ʻAhahui Waʻa ʻAmelika (ACA) & Rescue 3 International: Swiftwater Rescue Technician (SRT) Manual: Throw-Bag Belay Mechanics, Raft Flip Recovery, a me Hydraulic Hole Pakele.
• International Rafting Federation (IRF): Alakaʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻonaʻauao (GTE) Nā Kūlana: High-Siding, Flip Line Techniques, Whistle/Hand Signals, and Wrapped Boat Stabilization.
• ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (APA): Nā Kūlana Palekana Packraft: Nā Pūnaehana Hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki i ka ʻūhā, Hoʻopaʻa Waʻa Maʻemaʻe, a me ka pale ʻana i ka wai anuanu.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO ke ala o ka muliwai Swiftwater, ka hoʻopaʻa wāwae, nā kānana, a me nā pā haʻahaʻa
• Kahuli waapa a ola wai anuanu
• ʻO ka waʻa kai a me ka hoe ʻana o ka makani ma waho o ke kai
• ʻO ka hypothermia wao nahele, ka maloʻo maloʻo-anu, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou
• ʻO ka luʻu: hoʻopakele wai a hoʻōla hou
• Nā helu pilikia ma ka ʻāina