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Piʻi i ka wai wela wela: ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai wela a me ka hui pū ʻana i ka wai wela

He ʻokoʻa nā helu ulia pōpilikia ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻohana kēia ʻaoʻao i ka 911, ka helu no ʻAmelika a me Kanada. Nui nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana i ka 112, 999, a i ʻole ka helu ʻē aʻe. E huli i ka helu no kou ʻāina.

Ke hoʻā ʻana i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau a loaʻa koke ka paipu ** ʻāʻī, kuha i nā ʻeke ikaika o ka mahu ola, a i ʻole ka puhi ʻana i ka 65- a 95-degere-Celsius (150- a 200-degree-Fahrenheit) wai wela** he pilikia ʻelua lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mechanical. ʻO ka mea mua, e like me ka American Burn Association (ABA) a me ka US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), ʻo ka tap-water scalds ke kumu o nā kaukani o nā hale maʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ka hahau ʻole ʻana i nā pēpē, nā keiki liʻiliʻi, nā poʻe ʻelemakule, a me nā poʻe me ka neuropathy a i ʻole ka mobility impairments. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai wela i ka ikehu wela me ka wikiwiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻo ka wai ma 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit) e lawe i ka 5 mau minuke piha e hoʻopau ai i ka mānoanoa piha (degere ʻekolu) i ka ʻili kanaka makua, akā ʻo ka wai ma 60 degere Celsius (140 degere Fahrenheit) e wela ke kolu o ka wai ma 5 degere ** wale nō, a me 1 Celsius ma ** kekona ** wale nō, a me 1 Celsius. Fahrenheit)** hoʻopau i ka ʻili i ka 1 kekona (a i ka ** hapalua kekona** ma ka epidermis lahilahi o kahi pēpē).

ʻO ka lua, i ka wā e pahū koke ai ka wai wela a pau i loko o ka hale** i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, he ʻōlelo aʻo koke ia e loaʻa ana kāu ** uila, kinoea maoli, a i ʻole pahu hoʻomehana wai pahu ʻole i ka wela nui**. Ma ka pahu hoʻomehana wai pahu uila, he mea hoʻomehana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (pōkole) a i ʻole ** hoʻopili thermostat luna/lalo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia** e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka pahu 190-lita (50-gallon) i hala ma mua o 82 degere Celsius (180 degere Fahrenheit), e hilinaʻi pono ana i ka pilikia ** High-Limit Energy Cut-Off (ECO) (TPR) valve** (helu ʻia no 99 degere Celsius / 210 degere Fahrenheit a me 1,034 kPa / 150 PSI) no ka pale ʻana i ka pahu wela nui mai ka ʻālohilohi ʻana i kahi pahū mahu pōʻino. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā e wela ana ka wai i loko o hoʻokahi ʻauʻau ponoʻī a i ʻole ma kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomoʻa i ka paila me kahi kī ʻole Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV), ua hopu ka unahi mineral i ka pahu pahu thermostatic wax kūloko a i ʻole spool hoʻohālikelike kaomi. E ʻike pehea e hoʻoholo koke ai i ka holo ʻana o ka pahu hoʻomehana wai holoʻokoʻa me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka valve hui pū ʻia, e pani i ka mana a i ʻole ke kinoea ma mua o ka pā ʻana i ka pahu, e hoʻokahe i ke kahe o ka mahu me ka maluhia ma o ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, a e hoʻāʻo a hoʻonohonoho hou i kāu mau puʻupuʻu anti-scald e pale i nā wela a me nā moku kaomi.

Inā kuha ʻia nā ʻauamo i ka mahu ola a i ʻole ke kani nui ʻana o ka pahu hoʻomehana wai, e ʻoki mua i ka mana/gas a mai hoʻopā i ka pahu TPR.

Inā ho'āla ʻia ka pahū wela i ka mahu a me ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, a inā lohe ʻoe i ke kīkēkē nui ʻana, ka ʻōhumu ʻana, a i ʻole ke kaniʻuhū ʻana mai ka lumi hoʻomehana wai, ʻo kāu pahu mea hoʻomehana wai ** wela loa ma luna o 95 a 100 degere Celsius (203 a 212 degere Fahrenheit)**. Mai hele i kahi mea hoʻomehana wai wela loa a wehe i ka lever ho'āʻo keleawe Temperature & Pressure Relief (TPR) ma ka lima, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu koke ʻana i ke kaomi ma ka pahu e hiki ke hoʻopuʻi i ka wai wela i loko o ka mahu hū ma kou alo. No ka mea, pani i ka mea hoomaha wai wela 240-volt ma kou papa uwila nui (a i ole e hoohuli i ke pihi wela wai kinoea i OFF mai ka loihi o ka lima), AOLE e pani i ka pahu wai anuanu (e hiki i ka paipu anu ke hoonui i ke kaomi pahu e hoomaha i hope me ka palekana ina ua paa ka TPR i ka pahu), a e wehe i kahi pahu wai wela a hiki i ka hale. wai mālie.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa

  1. E ʻōlelo koke aku i kēlā me kēia kanaka i loko o ka hale ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole e kau i ko lākou mau lima ma lalo o kahi paipu. E hoʻōho i nā ʻohana a i ʻole e kau i kahi kāwele ma luna o nā paipu lumi lumi i kēia manawa i ʻole e hoʻā ke keiki a i ʻole ke kanaka makua i ke kīpē a loaʻa koke i ka wela 1-kekona ʻekolu degere.
  2. E hoʻoholo i loko o 30 kekona inā pili ka wai wela i kēlā me kēia paipu wela o ka hale a i ʻole hoʻokahi wale nō ʻauʻau.
  3. Inā ʻaʻa ka wai wela a i ʻole 65+°C (150+°F) ka wai: Aia ka pilikia ma ka mea hoʻomehana wai (a i ʻole ka pahu hoʻohui thermostatic hale holoʻokoʻa) i loko o kou hale haʻahaʻa, hale kaʻa, a i ʻole ke keʻena pono. E hele koke i ka ʻanuʻu 3.
  4. Inā hoʻokahi wale nō ka ʻauʻau lima lima e wela (a lele paha i ka wela ke hoʻoheheʻe kekahi i ka lua) ʻoiai ʻo ka lumi kuke a me nā paipu wai maʻamau ka mea maʻamau (49°C / 120°F): ʻO ka pilikia he paʻa ** puʻe hoʻopaʻi hoʻohālikelike a i ʻole ka pahu thermostatic i loko o kēlā kino pā wai wai hoʻokahi**, a i ʻole ** nā paipu wela/anu**. Holo i ka pauku hoʻoponopono pilikia hoʻokahi ma lalo.
  5. No ka wai wela o ka hale holoʻokoʻa: e pani koke i ke kumu wela i ka mea hoʻomehana wai.
  6. Pūna Wai Uwila: E hele i kāu papa hoʻomaha uwila nui a hoʻohuli i ka pālua-pole 30-amp (240V) "Water Heater" wawahi i OFF. *(Nano nui: Inā ua haki ka mea hoʻomehana uila i kona pū keleawe a "pōkole i ka lepo" i loko o ka pahu wai, e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka wai 24/7 ma hope o nā thermostat ʻelua a me ka huakaʻi pihi High-Limit ECO ʻulaʻula.
  7. Kūkini a i ʻole Propane Water Heater: E wili i ke pihi wela ma ka pahu hoʻomalu kinoea mua i PILOT a i ʻole OFF (a inā ʻaʻole e hele ka lapalapa ahi nui i loko o ke aniani ʻike lalo no ka paʻa ʻana o ke kīwī kinoea me ka mechanically, e hoʻohuli i ka manual brass gas shutoff ball valve ma ka paipu kinoea hao ma luna o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ****kula i ka paipu).
  8. Hydronic Boiler Tankless Coil / Indirect Tank: E hoʻohuli i ka red Emergency Boiler Switch i OFF a nānā i ke keleawe 3-way Thermostatic Mixing Valve (Tempering Valve) i paipu ʻia ma luna o ka paila.
  9. MĀMĀ I KA PALAPALA WAI KUKULU MA KA WAI HEATER 100 PEKENENTA E HAHA. Mai pani i ka pahu pani pani wai anuanu ma luna o ka mea hoʻomehana wai wela. ʻO ka pani ʻana i ka pahu komo wai anuanu e pahele i ka wai wela nui i loko o kahi pahu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hana ana i kahi pōʻino BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) inā ʻāwili ka pahu hoʻomaha TPR me ka unahi lime. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka puʻu wai anuanu e hiki ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi wai e hoʻokuʻu i hope me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino i loko o ke kumu paipu anu a mālama i ka wai anuanu hou e hānai ana i ka paipu o lalo i kou kahe ʻana i ka wai wela.
  10. E hookahe i ka wai wela loa mai loko mai o ka pahu me ka maluhia ma ka holo ana i ka wai wela BATHTUB (me ka wai anuanu i hui pu ia) no 15 a 20 mau minuke. I ka pau ana o ka mea wawahi uwila a i ole ka pahu hau e OFF a ua OPEN* ka pahu wai anuanu, e hele i ka lumi kaukau ** ka puna wai auau** (no ka mea, aole ona lima e paa ana mai loko mai o ka ipuhao a paa i ka lima o ka wai hooluu. maka). E hoʻā ** ʻo ka paipu COLD a me ka paipu HOT** no laila e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ka wai e puka ana i loko o ka pahu wai i kahi mahana mālie palekana, a e holo no 15 a 20 mau minuke a maʻalili ka wai wela i waho o ka pahu a hiki i ka wela lumi.
  11. Inā ua puhi ʻia kekahi e ka wai ʻūhū: e hoʻolili koke i ke ahi ma lalo o ka wai anuanu e holo ana no 20 mau minuke piha. E hōʻoia ʻoe e hoʻā WALE i ka pai wai anuanu (e hoʻāʻo mua me kou manamana lima ponoʻī) a paʻa i ka ʻili i puhi ʻia ma lalo o ka wai anuanu mālie (15 degere Celsius / 59 degere Fahrenheit) no 20 mau minuke. Wehe koke i nā lole wela a me nā mea nani, mai kau i ka hau a i ʻole ka pata, a kāhea aku i kou wahi helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka Hui ʻEulopa, 999 ma United Kingdom) no kēlā me kēia pehu ma luna o kahi pēpē, keiki, maka, lima, wāwae, ʻōpū, a i ʻole kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka poho lima o ke kanaka.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai paila no ka hōʻailona pilikia a me ka papa hoʻoheheʻe triage

E hāhai i kēia lāʻau hoʻoholo i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu e ʻike i ke kumu i hiki ai i ka wai piula wai i ka wela wela a hoʻokō i ka hoʻopaʻa mīkini pololei.

flowchart TD
    Start["ʻO ka wai wela a i ʻole ke kuha ʻana o ka mahu mai ka paʻi"] --> ScopeCheck{"1. E wela ana ka wai ma kēlā me kēia paipu wela<br/>a i ʻole hoʻokahi wale nō wai ʻauʻau?"}

    ScopeCheck -->|"A. ʻO kēlā me kēia paipu wela o ka hale e wela ana<br/>(>60 C / 140 F) a i ʻole ka mahu kuha."| HeaterType{"2. He aha kāu ʻano mea hoʻomehana wai?"}

    ScopeCheck -->|"B. Hoʻokahi wale nō ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka ʻauwaʻa e wela ana<br/>(ʻo nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe he 49 C / 120 F)"| SingleValve["HA'E ANA I KA WAIWAI WAIWAI:<br/>1. Paʻa Paʻa Paʻa-Balancing Spool a Thermostatic Cartridge<br/>2. Holoi ʻia ke apo hoʻopaʻa palena kiʻekiʻe o ka rotational ma waho o nā spline<br/>3. ʻAʻole i hāʻule ka pahu hoʻopaʻa i ka mop sink / bidet<br/> e kaomi ana i ka wai wela i ka laina anu"]

    HeaterType -->|"1. Pahu Uila Pahu Wai"| ElecAction["KULA ELECTRIC RUNAWAY:<br/>1. E hoʻohuli i ka 240V Pālua-Pole Breaker i OFF ma ka ʻaoʻao nui<br/>(Hoʻopau i ka mea pōkole i ka honua e kāʻalo ana iā ECO)<br/>2. E mālama i ka pahu wai anuanu 100% wehe <br/>3. Holo i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau wela + anu no 20 mau minuke e hoʻomaha i ka pahu"]

    HeaterType -->|"2. Ke kinoea a i ʻole Propane Tank Water Heater"| GasAction["KĀKĀKAI HĀKĀKĀ KAUA:<br/>1. E hoʻohuli i ke kelepona hoʻokele kinoea i OFF (E nānā i ka puka makani:<br/>inā mau ka lapalapa ahi, e hoʻopaʻa i ka valve paipu kinoea manual)<br/>2. E mālama i ka pahu wai anuanu 100% wehe <br/>3. Holo i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau wela + anu no 20 mau minuke e hoʻomaha i ka pahu"]

    HeaterType -->|"3. ʻO ka paila paila / Tank me ke keleawe 3-Way<br/>Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV) ma luna."| TMVAction["FAILED WLE-HOUSE MIXING VALVE:<br/>Hoahu ka pahu i ka wai ma 60 a 71 C (140 a 160 F)<br/>e pepehi ai ia Legionella, aka, ua hopuia ke keleawe TMV wax element<br/>a ua oki i ka hui ana i ka wai anuanu i loko o ka paipu puka."]

ʻO ka papaʻaina wela o ka ʻili kanaka i ka manawa (Moritz & Henriques Curve)

No ke aha i kauoha ai nā code paipa (IPC, UPC, ASSE 1017/1016, UK Building Regulations Part G, a me WHO guidelines) i ka wai i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻauʻau hale noho a me ka ua ** ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ma mua o 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit)**, a me 43 a 46 degere Celsius (110 a 11 degere ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki i ka home) kanaka makua? No ka mea, ke hele nei nā pūnaewele epidermal kanaka i ka denaturation protein hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia (coagulation necrosis) ma ke kaʻe logarithmic kiʻekiʻe ke hala ka mahana o ka ʻili 44 degere Celsius (111 degere Fahrenheit):

Ka Mahana Wai (°C / °F) ʻO ka manawa e puhi ai i ka mānoanoa piha (3rd-degree) ma ka ʻili makua ʻO ka manawa e puhi ai i ka 3rd-degree burn i ka pēpē / keiki liʻiliʻi (<5 mau makahiki) a i ʻole ʻelemakule Kūlana Paipai maʻamau
37°C a 38°C (98.6°F a 100°F) Palekana (ʻAʻole kuni) Palekana (Ke wela ʻauʻau pēpē kūpono) Ka wela kino maʻamau / ʻauʻau pēpē ʻoluʻolu
41°C a 43°C (105°F a 110°F) Palekana (ʻAʻole kuni) Palekana ʻO ka ʻauʻau makua ʻoluʻolu maʻamau a me ke kaupaku wela (40°C / 104°F)
49°C (120°F) 5 a 10 minuke 1 a 2 minuke ** Manaʻo ʻia ʻo US CPSC / EPA / DOE ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mea hoʻomehana wai hale**
52°C (125°F) 1.5 a 2 minuke 30 kekona Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kelepona hoʻomehana wai hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ("A" a i ʻole "Warm-Hot")
54°C (130°F) 30 kekona 10 kekona ʻAʻole hiki i nā keiki/keiki ke puka koke i waho o ka pā
60°C (140°F) 3 a 5 kekona 1 a 1.5 kekona Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kālepa / anti-Legionella ka mahana mālama pahu pahu (koi i kahi kiko o ka puʻunaue Thermostatic Mixing Valve e wela a hiki i 49°C)
66°C (150°F) 1.5 kekona 0.5 kekona (Makemake) Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kelepona hoʻomehana wai i "WELA LOA" a i ʻole ka thermostat i hāʻule ʻole
68°C a 71°C+ (155°F a 160°F+) 1.0 kekona a emi mai Ka luku ʻana i ka mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa ʻElemu uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka honua, ka valve kinoea paʻa, a i ʻole ka pahu pahu hui pū ʻana

Ke kumu 1: Holo ka mea hoʻomehana wai uila (No ke aha e paila mau ai ka wai ma hope o nā huakaʻi ECO)

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ** mea hoʻomehana wai pahu pahu uila** a hoʻomaka koke kāu mau kīʻaha e kuha i ka mahu a i ʻole e hāʻawi ana i ka wai wela 75-degree-Celsius (170-degree-Fahrenheit), ke hana nei ʻoe i kekahi o ʻelua mau hemahema uila ma hope o nā panela komo metala liʻiliʻi ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu:

1. Hoʻokaʻaʻike Thermostat Welded (Ka huakaʻi ECO palena kiʻekiʻe maʻamau)

  • He Upper Thermostat a me ka Lower Thermostat i kaomi pa'a i ka ili pahu kila ma hope o ka pale aniani. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻopau lākou i ka mana ma 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit).
  • Inā hoʻopili ka bimetallic snap-disc i loko o kekahi o kēlā $18 thermostats i hui pū ʻia mai nā makahiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uila, e hoʻomau mau ka mea a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela o ka wai 77 a 82 degere Celsius (170 a 180 degere Fahrenheit).
  • Ma 82 degere Celsius (180 degere Fahrenheit), ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kī lua ** High-Limit Energy Cut-Off (ECO) ** (ka pūʻulu me ka ** pihi hoʻihoʻi manual ʻulaʻula ** ma ka piko o ka thermostat luna) i hoʻolālā ʻia e wehe a pepehi i ka mana i nā mea ʻelua, e waiho ana iā ʻoe me hoʻokahi pahu wai wela a ukali ʻia me ka wai anuanu i ka wā e hemo ai ka pahu.

2. Ka Pepehi Huna: He "Heating Element (Shorted-to-Tank) Heating Element" i kaawale i ka ECO.

No ke aha e hoʻolapalapa mau ai kekahi mau mea hoʻomehana wai uila i ka wai ma 95 a 100 degere Celsius (203 a 212 degere Fahrenheit) i ka pō holoʻokoʻa, e kuha ana i ka mahu ola mai loko mai o nā paipu ** ʻoiai ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka thermostat a me ke pihi ECO High-Limit ʻulaʻula i OFF**? - Ka physics o kahi Element Grounded 240-volt: - E holo ana kekahi mea hoʻomehana wai uila noho ma 240 volts AC, hānai ʻia e nā wāwae wela 120-volt (L1 ʻEleʻele a me L2 ʻUla). - Ma ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻomehana wai, hoʻololi ka Lower Thermostat KEKAHI wale nō o nā wāwae wela ʻelua (L1), aʻo ka ** ʻē aʻe 120-volt wela wāwae (L2) e hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia i ka uea paʻa i ka pahu wili o ka mea hoʻomehana** I kēlā me kēia manawa ʻaʻole i holo ka ECO (a i ʻole ka hewa ma luna o ka hoʻololi). - ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka pōʻino, i ka wā e ʻino ai ka paipu metala o waho o ka mea hoʻomehana a nahā aʻe i loko o ka pahu pahu, ua pā ka ** nichrome resistance uea i loko o ka pā pahu kila pulu a i ʻole ka wai ponoʻī (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka honua). - I kēia manawa, ke kahe nei ke au mai ka wāwae 120-volt ola ma ka hapalua o ka hui pumehana nahā a me ** kahua pololei i loko o ka pā wai a me ka pahu kila, e hoʻohuli ana i kāu mea 240-volt, 4,500-watt i ** 120-volt mau, 1,100-watt immersion boiler ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia e ka thermostat **. - No ka mea, ʻaʻole e paʻa ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 1,100-watt i ka pō inā ʻaʻohe kanaka e hoʻohana ana i ka wai, hoʻomoʻa mālie ʻo ia i ka pahu 190-lita (50-galani) a hiki i kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai (100°C / 212°F). - Rula Manaʻo: I nā manawa a pau e wela ai ka mea hoʻomehana wai uila, hoʻohuli i ka mea hoʻomaha kaapuni ʻelua pole 240-volt ma ka pā uila nui i OFF a waiho ʻia ia a hiki i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mea uila a i ʻole ka mea paipu i nā mea ʻelua no ka hoʻomau i ka honua me kahi multimeter a hoʻololi i ka mea hāʻule a me nā thermostats. Mai kaomi wale i ke pihi ʻulaʻula High-Limit ECO hoʻihoʻi hou i loko a hele aku; Ua ʻākeʻe ke pihi ʻulaʻula no ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi thermostat a i ʻole kekahi mea.

Ke kumu 2: ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea hoʻomehana wai kinoea (Paʻa kinoea valve)

Ma kahi keeaea maoli a i ʻole propane pahu hoʻomoe wai wela, he keleawe lōʻihi a i ʻole i uhi ʻia i ka plastic thermistor / liquid-bulb sensing probe e lāʻau pololei mai ke kua o ka pahu hoʻomalu kinoea i mua i loko o ka pahu wai.

  1. Pehea ka holo ʻana o ka thermostat hoʻomehana wai kinoea:
  2. A i ʻole kekahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia i ke kelepona wela nui ma ke alo o ka pahu hau mai "HOT / Normal (49°C / 120°F)" a hiki i "WELA LOA / C (71°C / 160°F)" oiai e waiho ana i na pahu i loko o ke keena keena pono, A I OLE ka manoanoa **calcium carbonatediment lime scale (paʻakikī) ʻO ka pahu e like me ka uhi uhi thermos.
  3. Ke uhi ka unahi pōhaku wai paʻa i ka ʻimi ʻike, manaʻo ka ʻimi ʻana ua maʻalili ka wai i ka 75 degere Celsius (167 degere Fahrenheit), a i ʻole e wehe ʻia ka diaphragm kinoea nui i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka puna no laila ʻaʻole e pio ka lapalapa ahi nui **.
  4. Pehea e nānā ai a ho'ōki i ka mea hoʻomehana wai kinoea holo holo:
  5. ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā i ke kelepona wili ma ke alo o ka pahu hoʻokele kinoea: inā i kuʻi ʻia i ka "WELA LOA", e hoʻihoʻi i lalo i ka hōʻailona triangle / "HOT" / 49°C (120°F) mark.
  6. ʻO ka lua, e kūlou i lalo a nānā i loko o ka ** puka aniani ʻike maka** liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka pahu i ka wā e hoʻohuli ai ʻoe i ke kelepona hoʻokele kinoea a hiki i ka PILOT a i ʻole OFF.
  7. Hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi: Ke hoʻohuli ʻoe i ke kelepona iā PILOT, pono e pio koke ke apo polū nui e ʻuā o ka ** kuni ahi nui**, e waiho wale ana i kahi lapalapa kukui pailaka liʻiliʻi he 1 kenimika (⅜-iniha). Inā ʻo ka lapalapa ahi nui ** e uwē mau ana ** me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ke kelepona hoʻomalu i PILOT a i ʻole OFF, ua paʻa me ka mīkini ka noho ʻana o ke kinoea i loko. E piʻi koke i ka paipu hoʻolako kinoea hao ma luna o ka mea hoʻomehana wai a hoʻohuli i ka pahu pōlele kīwī keleawe lima lima 90 degere (kūpono i ka paipu) e ʻoki loa i ka lako wahie.

Ke kumu 3: ʻAʻole i hāʻule ka Hale Hui Pū ʻIa Thermostatic (TMV / Tempering Valve)

Nui nā hale hou, nā hale noho, a me nā hale a pau i wela e ka hydronic boiler tankless coil a i ʻole solar/heat-pump water heater he keleawe 3-Way Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV, i kapa ʻia ʻo Tempering Valve, ASSE 1017 / 1070) i kau ʻia ma luna o nā paipu keleawe ma luna pono o ka wai.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ai nā hale i ka Valve Mixing Hale holoʻokoʻa (The Legionella vs. Scald Dilemma)

Ke nānā nei nā keʻena olakino olakino (me ka World Health Organization, CDC, ASHRAE Guideline 12, a me Health Canada) i kahi paio koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻenekinia wai wela. - Ma lalo o 49°C (120°F): Palekana mai ka wela koke 1-kekona, akā ka wai e noho ana ma waena o 25°C a me 45°C (77°F a me 113°F) i loko o ka pahu wai paʻa e hiki ai iā Legionella pneumophila bacteria (ke kumu o ka maʻi maʻi Legionnaires ke ola i ka maʻi maʻi. - Ma 60°C (140°F): Pepehi i ka Legionella bacteria i loko o nā minuke, akā e ʻā ai ka ʻili kanaka ma ke ʻano ʻekolu i 3 kekona. - The Engineering Solution (The Brass Mixing Valve): Hoʻonohonoho ka poʻe paipu i ka thermostat pahu hoʻomehana wai i 60°C (140°F) no ka mālama ʻana i ka pahu pahu, a hoʻokomo i kahi keleawe 3-Way Thermostatic Mixing Valve ma ka puka o ka pahu. Lawe ka pahu huila i ka 60°C (140°F) wai wela i loko o kona HOT awa, hui pu me 13°C (55°F) wai anuanu o ke alanui ma kona COLD awa e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe wela paraffin-wax i loko, a hoʻouna i kahi 49°C (120°F) wai wela palekana i waho MIX awa i kou hale.

Pehea e ʻike ai a hoʻokuʻu wale i kahi pahu huikau hale holoʻokoʻa paʻa

Ke kūkulu ʻia ka unahi calcium wai paʻa i loko o kēlā pahu huila 3-ala keleawe ma luna o kāu mea hoʻomehana wai, e hopu ʻia ka piston kaʻa kuʻekuʻe kūloko ** i ke kūlana "Full Hot" **, e pani ana i ke awa hui ʻana i ka wai anuanu a hoʻouna ʻia **60- a i 75-degere-Celsius (140- a 170-degere) wai pololei.

  1. E hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona ma 10 kekona:
  2. E nānā i nā paipu ma luna o kāu mea hoʻomehana wai a i ʻole ka paila. E huli i ke keleawe 3-way valve i hoailona ia me H (Whana i loko), C (Ke anu i loko), a MIX (Mixed out).
  3. Inā he kinoea maʻamau a pahu uwila paha kāu mea hoʻomehana wai me ka valve huikau ma luna, e hoʻohuli wale i ka pahu hoʻomehana wai ponoʻī iho mai 60°C (140°F) a i 49°C (120°F). Mālama koke ia i ka wai ma kēlā me kēia kīʻaha ke kali ʻoe e lawelawe i ka valve huikau keleawe.
  4. Pehea e "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" ai i kahi pahu huikau paʻa i ka unahi:
  5. Inā loaʻa mai kou wai wela mai ka hydronic heating boiler (tankless domestic hot water coil) kahi e noho ai ka wai paila ma 75°C (170°F) no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kāu radiators, hilinaʻi ʻoe i ka 100 pakeneka ma kēlā pahu hui keleawe e pale ai i ka wela.
  6. E hoʻohana i kahi māka e hōʻailona i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka plastic adjustment knob ma luna o ka pahu hui keleawe.
  7. ʻOiai e holo mālie ana i ka paipu mehana, e wehe i ka wili laka ma ka puʻupuʻu huikau hui, e hoʻohuli i ka puʻupuʻu a hiki i kahi anuanu loa (- / C), a laila hoʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho wela loa (+ / H), a hoʻi i ka waena 3 a i ʻole 4 manawa me ka paʻi mālie ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino valve keleawe me kahi poka lāʻau a i ʻole mallet rubber (ʻaʻole loa he hāmare kila). ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ke kaʻa kaʻa i ka pūnāwai e wāwahi i ka ʻōpala o ka calcium carbonate i wehe ʻia mai ka piston no laila e kahe hou ka wai anuanu, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kīpē i 49°C (120°F) i ana ʻia me kahi thermometer ʻiʻo kikohoʻe ma ka pā kīhini.

Ke kumu 4: ʻO ka ʻauheʻe ʻauʻau hoʻokahi (Pressure-balncing spools and slipped limit rings)

He aha inā inā he mea maʻamau ka pila kīhini a me nā ʻauʻau wai ʻauʻau (49°C / 120°F), ** A i ʻole ** he aha inā he ** pilikia ʻē aʻe** kahi e loaʻa ai ka wai wela i kēlā me kēia poho i loko o ka hale koe wale nō **hoʻokahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau hoʻokahi ** e hāʻawi koke mai i ka wai wela (a i ʻole e huli koke i ka hau/wela i ka wā e holoi ai kekahi i ka lua)?

1. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia "Rotational High-Limit Stop Ring" i loko o ka lima ʻauʻau

I loko o kēlā me kēia pahu wai ʻauʻau hoʻokahi lima hou (e like me Moen Posi-Temp, Delta Monitor, Kohler Rite-Temp, a i ʻole Pfister) e noho ana kekahi apo plastic notched i kapa ʻia ʻo Rotational Limit Stop (Anti-Scald Stop Ring) ma hope pono o ka lima metala. - ʻO kāna hana, ʻo ia ke kāohi kino ʻana i ka ʻau mai ka hoʻololi ʻana a hiki i 100-pakeneka wai wela. - Inā wehe ʻia nā niho plastik ma kēlā apo pani (a i ʻole ua hui hou kekahi i ka ʻau me ke apo hooki i hoʻohuli ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau), ʻo ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a hiki i ka hema e hāʻawi i 100-pakeneka o ka wai wela hui ʻole. Wehe i ka lima ʻauʻau me ke kī hex a i ʻole ka screwdriver Phillips a hoʻololi i ke apo pahu pahu palena plastic ** ma ka ʻākau** me ka 2 a i ka 4 splines e kaupalena i ka wela ʻauʻau kiʻekiʻe i 46°C (115°F).

2. Stuck Pressure-Blancing Spool ("The Toilet-Flush Scald")

Aia i loko o kahi pahu wai hoʻoemi hoʻohālikelike ʻia he keleawe lana kaʻawale a i ʻole ka pahu palaki (balancing spool) e paheʻe ana i hope a i waho no ka pane ʻana i nā loli wai. - Ke holoi kekahi i ka lua, hāʻule ke kaomi wai anuanu. ʻO ka maʻamau, paheʻe koke ka spool kaulike no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai wela ma ke ʻano like ʻole no laila ʻaʻole e loli ka wela o kou ʻauʻau ma mua o 1.7 degere Celsius (3 degere Fahrenheit) (ma ke code ASSE 1016). - Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻeke minerale i ka wili, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kaomi anuanu i ka lua i ka wā e waiho ana i ke awa wela e hāmama ākea, hoʻāhu i ke kanaka i loko o ka ʻauʻau. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka pahu ʻauʻau a hoʻohu ʻia i loko o kahi solution 50/50 o wiika keʻokeʻo a me ka wai no 30 mau minuke (a i ʻole ke pani ʻana i ka pahu pahu $30) e hoʻihoʻi koke i ka pale anti-scald.

3. Puka mai ka wai wela mai loko mai o ka pa'i COLD ("Cross-Connection Crossover")

I kekahi manawa, ho'ā ka mea hale i ka Kīwī wai COLD ma kahi ʻauʻau lumi ʻauʻau a i ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kahi lua a haʻalulu i ka manaʻo ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻōhuhi wai wela e puka mai ana mai loko mai o ka paipu wai anuanu**. - Pehea ke komo ʻana o ka wai wela i ka laina wai anuanu: Hana ʻia kēia inā ʻaʻole ** hāʻule ka pahu hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka hale** i loko o kahi ʻauʻau huikau lima hoʻokahi (e waiho ʻia ana ka mea nui i ka wā e pani ʻia ai ke poʻo hoʻoheheʻe lalo, ka nozzle mop sink pāʻoihana, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe bidet lima, a i ʻole ka mīkini holoi Y-mixer hose). Ma muli o ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka pahu wai wela i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paipu wela ma mua o ke kaomi paipu anu (a i ʻole ke holo ʻana o ka paila hoʻoheheʻe wai wela), hoʻoneʻe ka wai wela i hope ma o ke kino o ka paipu hāmama i loko o ka pūnaewele paipu wai anuanu. - Hoʻoponopono koke: E hele i loko o ka hale a nānā i kekahi ** mea hoʻohana/mop sink me ka hose nozzle i pani ʻia ma ka piko**, kekahi ** toilet bidet T-valve**, a i ʻole kekahi mekini holoi Y-hose kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā ʻūhā pā wela a me ke anuanu me ka pani hoʻokahi i lalo. E pani i nā ʻūhā pā wela a me ke anu ma ia mea a e hoʻi hou ke anu i loko o 60 kekona.

ʻO ka pahu mehana wai ʻole (ma ke koi ʻia) ʻaʻa ʻana a pohā ka "Cold Water Sandwich".

Inā hoʻohana kou home i ka **gas a i ʻole ka pahu uila ʻole (ma ke koi ʻana) ma mua o kahi pahu mālama, hiki ke pohā ma kahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "Cold Water Sandwich / Residual Heat Slug": 1. Ke hoʻopau kekahi i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a hoʻopau i ka wai, e wela mau ana ka mea hoʻololi wela keleawe i loko o ka pahu pahu ʻole ma 150 a 260 degere Celsius (300 a 500 degere Fahrenheit) ʻoiai e noho ana kahi ʻeke wai liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻōwili keleawe. 2. ʻO ka hapalua lita o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopau i ke koena metala wela mai ka mea hoʻololi wela, a hiki i 65 a 75 degere Celsius (150 a 167 degere Fahrenheit). 3. Inā hoʻohana kekahi kanaka i ka ʻauʻau wai ʻauʻau 30 a 90 kekona ma hope, e loaʻa mua iā ia ka wai paipu mahana, a ma hope o ka 3-kekona slug o 70°C (158°F) wai wela nui i kipaku ʻia mai loko mai o ka mea hoʻololi wela, a hahai koke ʻia e ka pahū wai anuanu i ka wā e ʻā hou ai ka mea kuni. 4. Pehea e hoopau ai i ka hū ʻana o ka pahu pahu: E nānā i ka hōʻike kikohoʻe ma ke alo o ka mea hoʻomehana wai pahu ʻole a e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka paʻa ʻana o ka helu kikohoʻe ma 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit), e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mea hoʻololi wela i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ke kaʻapuni ʻana 15 lita (4 galani) o ka paʻakai paʻa keʻokeʻo i loko o nā pahu wai 45 mau minuke. hoʻouli ka paila a me ke kī ʻana o ka mahu), a hoʻokomo i kahi pahu pahu pahu liʻiliʻi 2- a 8-lita (0.5- a 2-galani) a i ʻole wahi hoʻohana ASSE 1070 thermostatic mixing valve ma lalo o nā poho i hoʻohana ʻia e nā keiki.

Nīnau pinepine

He aha ka hoʻonohonoho wela palekana no ka mea hoʻomehana wai home inā loaʻa iā mākou nā keiki liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻohana ʻelemakule?

Manaʻo ka US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), ka American Burn Association, a me ke Keʻena ʻOihana e hoʻonohonoho i nā thermostats hoʻomehana wai noho i 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit), e pili ana i ka "Low-Medium," "Warm-Hot," a i ʻole ka hōʻailona kuhikuhi triangle ma ka hapa nui o nā kelepona hoʻomehana wai. Inā noho ʻoe me nā kamaliʻi, nā keiki liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 5, nā poʻe ʻelemakule ma luna o 65, a i ʻole kekahi me ka maʻi diabetes/neuropathy a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka neʻe ʻana, e hoʻokomo i nā kiwi huila thermostatic ASSE 1070 a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka palena o ka ʻauʻau i hiki ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka wai ma waho o ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 43 a 46 degere Celsius (110 a 115 degere Celsius).

No ke aha i ʻā koke ai kaʻu ʻaupa wai wela i ka ea a me ka mahu i koʻu hoʻā ʻana i kēia kakahiaka?

Ke hū ʻia ka ʻeke wai wela i nā ʻeke mahu a me ka wai paila i ke kakahiaka ma hope o ka noho ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka pō, ʻaʻole hiki ke pani ʻia kāu mea hoʻomehana wai i ka pō a wela ka wai i loko o ka pahu ma mua o 100 degere Celsius (212 degere Fahrenheit). ʻOiai ua pani ʻia nā kīʻaha, ʻo ka 350 a 550 kilopascals (50 a 80 PSI) o ke kaomi wai kūloko i loko o kāu mau paipu paipu i mālama i ka wai wela loa mai ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i ke kinoea (no ka mea, e paila ana ka wai ma lalo o 60 PSI ma 153°C / 307°F ma kahi o 100°C / 212°F); ʻo ka manawa i wehe ai ʻoe i ka faucet a hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi i ka lewa (0 PSI), ua ʻā koke ka wai wela loa i ka mahu i loko pono o ka puʻu wai. E hoʻopau koke i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai a i ʻole ka pahu hau.

Inā e wela loa kaʻu mea hoʻomehana wai a ke kahe nei ka pahu hoʻomaha TPR keleawe ma ka ʻaoʻao i ka wai wela, hiki anei iaʻu ke hoʻopaʻa i ka paipu e hoʻōki i ka leak?

ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻa, hoʻopili, wehe, a wili paha i kahi pahu pani pani kīhāpai ma luna o ka paipu hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kahi valve Temperature and Pressure Relief (TPR) ma kahi mea hoʻomehana wai a i ʻole ka paila. ʻO ka valve TPR wale nō ka mīkini pale-palekana e pale aku ai i kahi mea hoʻomehana wai wela i ka haki ʻana i ka pōʻino mahu (BLEVE) hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi pahu kila 50-galani pololei ma waena o ʻelua mau moʻolelo o ka hale; inā e hoʻokuʻu ana ka valve TPR i ka wai wela a i ʻole ka mahu, e hoʻōla ikaika ana ia i kou ola no ka mea ʻaʻole i holo ka mea hoʻomehana wai i ka holo ʻana a i ʻole ka wai o kāu pahu hoʻonui wela.

Pehea e ana au i ka wela o ka wai paipu ma ka home inā 'ōlelo wale ka'u mea ho'omehana wai "Mahana / Wela / A / B / C"?

No ka mea, ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia nā kelepona rotary i nā mea hoʻomehana wai kinoea ("Low / Hot / A / B / C / Wena Nui") a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e 10 degere Celsius (18 degere Fahrenheit) mai ka wela o ka wai maoli, ʻo ke ala pololei wale nō e hoʻonohonoho ai i kāu mea hoʻomehana wai aia ma ka faucet kīhini. E ho'ā i ka paipu wai wela o ka lumi kuke no 3 mau minuke a paʻa ka wela, e paʻa i kahi ana wela wela o ka lumi kuke e heluhelu koke ana i ke kahawai (a i ʻole i loko o kahi kīʻaha e kahe mau ana e ke kahawai), a hoʻoponopono i kāu kelepona wela wai i hoʻokahi notch i kēlā me kēia 3 hola a hiki i ka heluhelu ʻana o ka thermometer i 49 degere Celsius (120 degere Fahrenheit).

Nānā ʻia nā kumu

  • Ahahui Puhi ʻAmelika (ABA) & Komisina Palekana Huahana Kūʻai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (CPSC): Ka Paʻi Pahu Wai Pahu, Nā Paepae Puhi Manawa-Wai (Moritz & Henriques Curve), a me 120°F (49°C) Nā Kuhikuhi Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wai.
  • American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE) & International Plumbing Code (IPC): *ASSE 1016 (Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers), ASSE 1017 (Point-of-Source Thermostatic Mixing Valves), a me ASSE 1070 (Point-of-Use Water Temperature Devices).
  • World Health Organization (WHO) & ASHRAE Guideline 12: Managing Legionella in Building Water Systems vs. Scald Prevention via Thermostatic Mixing Valves.
  • ** Underwriters Laboratories (UL 174) & ANSI Z21.10.1:** Household Electric and Gas Storage Tank Water Heater High-Limit Energy Cut-Off (ECO) a me TPR Valve Safety Standards.

Nā alakaʻi pili