I-Tap Water scalding Hot: I-Thermostat ye-Water heater ehlulekile kanye ne-Mixing Valve Triage¶

Ukuvula umpompi wempompi yegumbi lokugezela noma ishawa futhi ube uthephe kungazelelwe ukukhwehlela, ukhafule amaphakethe anamandla esitimu esibukhoma, noma uqhume u-65- kuya ku-95-degree-Celsius (150- kuya ku-200-degree-Fahrenheit) amanzi ashisayo ayizimo eziphuthumayo ezimbili zezokwelapha nezomshini. Okokuqala, ngokwe-American Burn Association (ABA) kanye ne-U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), ukushisa kwamanzi kampompi kubangela izinkulungwane zokulaliswa esibhedlela unyaka ngamunye, izinsana ezitelekile, izingane ezincane, abantu abadala asebekhulile, kanye nabantu abaneuropathy noma ukukhubazeka kokuhamba. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi ashisayo adlulisa amandla okushisa ngokushesha okukhulu njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amanzi ku-49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit)* kuthatha imizuzu engu-5 egcwele ukuze abangele ukujiya okugcwele (i-third-degree) esikhumbeni sabantu abadala, kuyilapho amanzi angu- 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) abangela ukushisa kwe-third-3*, kanye nama-degree Celsius angu-5* ngesekhondi nje ** (155 degrees Fahrenheit)** ibhubhisa isikhumba ku-1 isekhondi (futhi ku-hafu wesekhondi ku-epidermis ezacile yosana).

Okwesibili, lapho wonke umpompi wamanzi ashisayo endlini uqhumisa kungazelelwe, amanzi aseduze abilayo, kuyisixwayiso esiphuthumayo sokuthi ugesi, igesi yemvelo, noma isifudumezi samanzi angenathangi sihlushwa ukushisisa ngokweqile. Ku-heater yamanzi ethangini likagesi,isici sokushisisa esisekelwe phansi (esifushanisiwe) nomai-thermostat eshiselwe phezulu/ezansi igcina ukushisa ithangi elingu-190-litre (50-gallon) liqhubeke lize lidlule ku-82 degrees Celsius (180 degrees Fahrenheit), lithembele kakhulu esimweni esiphuthumayo I-Temper-LimitIsishintshi SamandlaNesishiso Samandla) Ivalvu Yokukhulula Ingcindezi (TPR) (ilinganiselwe ku-99 degrees Celsius / 210 degrees Fahrenheit* kanye ne-1,034 kPa / 150 PSI) ukuze kuvinjwe ithangi elishisisa kakhulu ukuthi libanike ekuqhumeni kwesitimu esiyinhlekelele. Ngokuphambene, uma amanzi eshisa eshaweni eyodwa kuphela noma kusistimu ephakelwa kubhayela ene-Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV)* ehlulekile, isikali samaminerali sibambe i-wax thermostatic cartridge yangaphakathi noma i-spool yokulinganisa i-pressure-balancing. Ukwazi ukuthi unganquma kanjani ngokushesha ukuthi ithangi lonke le-heater yamanzi liyabaleka uma uqhathanisa nokwehluleka kwevalvu yokuxutshwa kwendawo, vala amandla noma igesi ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte ithangi, wopha umfutho wesitimu oshisa kakhulu ngokuphepha nge-spout kabhavu, futhi uhlole noma usethe kabusha ama-valve akho avimbela ukushisa kuvimbela ukusha okulimazayo nokugqashuka komkhumbi.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Xwayisa wonke umuntu osendlini ngokushesha ukuthi angangeni eshaweni noma abeke izandla zakhe ngaphansi kukampompi. Memeza amalungu omndeni noma ubeke ithawula phezu kompompi basendlini yokugezela khona manje ukuze ingane noma umuntu omdala omdala angavuli umpompi futhi ashiswe ngokuphazima kweso okuyisekhondi elingu-1 lezinga lesithathu.
2. Nquma kumasekhondi angu-30 ukuthi amanzi ashisayo athinta WONKE umpompi oshisayo osendlini noma ishawa/umpompi othize OWODWA KUPHELA.
3. Uma WONKE umpompi oshisayo endlini uqhumisa isitimu noma amanzi angu-65+°C (150+°F): Inkinga iku heater yamanzi (noma ivalvu yokuxuba ye-thermostatic yendlu yonke) egumbini lakho elingaphansi, egalaji, noma ekhabetheni lezinsiza. Qhubekela ngokushesha esinyathelweni sesi-3.
4. Uma Ishawa EYODWA YESIBAMBA esisodwa iyashisa (noma igxuma ishisa lapho othile eshayela indlu yangasese) kuyilapho ompompi basekhishini nosinki bevamile (49°C / 120°F): Inkinga imile i-spool yokulinganisa ingcindezi noma i-thermostatic cartridge ngaphakathi kwaleyo tshawa eyodwa,/i-valve crossed body Yeqela esigabeni sokuxazulula inkinga seshawa eyodwa ngezansi.
5. Ngamanzi ashisayo endlu yonke: VALA umthombo wokushisa ku-heater yamanzi ngokushesha.
6. Isifudumezi Samanzi Kagesi: Yiya kuphaneli yakho enkulu yesiphazamisi sikagesi bese upheqa isinqamuli esithi double-pole 30-amp (240V) "I-Water Heater" ukuze IVIKE. (Okubalulekile: Uma into yokushisisa kagesi igqashule umgodla wayo wethusi futhi "ifinyelelwe phansi" ngaphakathi kwethangi lamanzi, izoqhubeka nokushisisa amanzi 24/7 ngisho nangemva komabili ama-thermostats kanye nohambo lwenkinobho ebomvu ye-High-Limit ECO. Ukuphequlula kuphela i-circuit breaker engu-240V eyinhloko kumisa into ephansi.)
7. Isifudumezi Sokushisa Samanzi Segesi noma Se-Propane: Sonta ukudayela kwezinga lokushisa kubhulokhi yevalvu engaphambili yokulawula igesi iye kokuthi PILOT noma VILA (futhi uma ilangabi le-mbasa eliyinhloko ngaphakathi kwengilazi ebonayo engezansi linqaba ukuphuma ngenxa yokuthi i-valve yegesi ibambeke ivuleke ngomshini, vula i-valve yegesi yethusi yokuvala igesi epayipini lensimbi** amadigri ensimbi ngaphezu kwe-heater** ngayinye).
8. Ikhoyili ye-Hydronic Boiler Tankless / Ithangi Engaqondile: Phenya iShintshi Ye-Boiler Yezimo Eziphuthumayo Ebomvu ukuze IVALE bese uhlola ithusi Ivalufu Yokuxuba I-Thermostatic yezindlela ezintathu (I-Tempering Valve) efakwe ngamapayipi ngaphezu kukabhayela.
9. klzzwxh:0112 Ungalokothi uvale ivalvu yokuvala amanzi abandayo phe kwesifudumezi samanzi esishisa ngokweqile. Ukuvala ivalvu yokufaka amanzi abandayo kuvala amanzi ashisayo akhulayo ngaphakathi kwesilinda sensimbi evalekile, okwenza IBLEVE ebulalayo (Ukuqhuma Koketshezi Olubilayo Olunweba Umhwamuko) uma ivalvu yokukhulula ye-TPR igoqwe ngesikali sikalime. Ukugcina i-valve yamanzi abandayo ivulekile kuvumela umfutho wamanzi okhulayo ukuthi uhlehle ngokungenabungozi endaweni ehambisa amapayipi amanzi abandayo futhi ugcine amanzi abandayo ephakela ishubhu lokucwilisa elingezansi njengoba wopha amanzi ashisayo.
10. Khipha amanzi ashise kakhulu ethangini ngokuphephile ngokusebenzisa empompini wamanzi ashisayo e-BATHTUB (namanzi abandayo axutshwe) imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwezingu-20. Uma isiqhephukile sikagesi noma i-valve yegesi seISIVALWE** nevalve yokufaka amanzi abandayo IVULEKILE, ngena endlini yokugezela isipowuthi sikabhavu (esingenawo umlanjana oshisayo ngaphakathi kanye nesibuko esingenayo indawo yokuphumula. ubhavu koqweqwe lwawo kude nezandla nobuso). Vula kokubili okumpompi OKUQHUBEKAYO kanye ne-HOT ndawonye ukuze amanzi aphuma kubhavu athonywe izinga lokushisa elipholile elisivivi, futhi uwayeke asebenze imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 kuze kube yilapho amanzi ashisayo aphuma ethangini ephola ngokwezinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi.
11. Uma kukhona oshiswe ngamanzi ompompi ashisayo: pholisa ukushisa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi apholile abandayo ampompi abandayo imizuzu engu-20 egcwele. Qinisekisa ukuthi uvula okuthi KUPHELA empompini wamanzi abandayo (yihlole ngomunwe wakho kuqala) bese ubamba isikhumba esishile ngaphansi kwamanzi apholile apholile (15 degrees Celsius / 59 degrees Fahrenheit)*20 imizuzu. Susa izingubo ezishisayo ezimanzi kanye nobucwebe ngokushesha, ungalokothi ufake iqhwa noma ibhotela, bese ushayela indawo yangakini izinombolo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 kulo lonke elase-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) nganoma isiphi isilonda esinganeni, ingane, ubuso, izandla, izinyawo, isitho sangasese, noma indawo enkulu kunentende yesandla somuntu.

Ishadi lokuhlonza isimo esiphuthumayo lamanzi kampompi ashisayo kanye ne-triage flowchart¶

Landela lesi sihlahla sesinqumo sesinyathelo nesinyathelo ukuze ukhombe ukuthi kungani amanzi ompompi efinyelele amazinga okushisa ashisayo futhi wenze ukuvala komshini okuqondile.

flowchart TD
    Start["Amanzi Ashisayo Ashisayo noma Ukuphalaza I-Steam kusuka ku-Tap"] --> ScopeCheck{"1. Ingabe amanzi ayashisa KUWO WONKE umpompi oshisayo<br/>noma OKUNYE KUPHELA eshaweni/usinki othile?"}

    ScopeCheck -->|"A. WONKE umpompi oshisayo endlini uyashisa<br/>(>60 C / 140 F) noma ukhafula isitimu"| HeaterType{"2. Hlobo luni lwe-heater yamanzi onalo?"}

    ScopeCheck -->|"B. Ishawa EYODWA KUPHELA noma impompi iyashisa<br/>(abanye osinki bavamile 49 C / 120 F)"| SingleValve["UKWEHLULEKA IVAVELI YASENDAWENI YOKUSHASHA:<br/>1. I-Stuck Pressure-Bancing Spool noma i-Thermostatic Cartridge<br/>2. I-Rotational High-Limit Stop Ring yaphuma ku-splines<br/>3. I-valve yokuhlola ehlulekile kusinki / i-bidet engumakhelwane<br/> ephusha amanzi ashisayo emugqeni obandayo"]

    HeaterType -->|"1. I-Electric Tank Water heater"| ElecAction["UMGOMO WOKUBALEKELWA KWE-LECTRIC:<br/>1. Phenya i-Double-Pole Breaker engu-240V ukuze IVALE kuphaneli eyinhloko<br/>(Imisa into emfishane ukuya phansi edlula i-ECO)<br/>2. Gcina Ivaluvu Yokufaka Amanzi Abandayo Ivuleke 100%<br/>3. Gijima ubhavu oshisayo + ompompi obandayo imizuzu engama-20 ukuze ithangi liphole"]

    HeaterType -->|"2. Igesi noma i-Propane Tank Water heater"| GasAction["UMGOMO WOKUDLA IGASI:<br/>1. Vala Ukudayela Kokulawula Igesi (Bheka efasiteleni:<br/>uma ilangabi le-burner lihlala livutha, vala iveluvu yepayipi legesi eyenziwa ngesandla)<br/>2. Gcina Ivaluvu Yokufaka Amanzi Abandayo Ivuleke 100%<br/>3. Gijima ubhavu oshisayo + ompompi obandayo imizuzu engama-20 ukuze ithangi liphole"]

    HeaterType -->|"3. Ikhoyili Yebhoyili / Ithangi eline-Brass 3-Way<br/>Ivaluvu Yokuxuba Ye-Thermostatic (TMV) Phezulu"| TMVAction["ILIHLULEKILE IVAVELI YOKUHLANGANISA INDLU YONKE:<br/>Ithangi ligcina ngamabomu amanzi ku-60 kuya ku-71 C (140 kuya ku-160 F)<br/>ukubulala i-Legionella, kodwa i-TMV wax ye-brass yabanjwa<br/>futhi yayeka ukuhlanganisa amanzi abandayo epayipini lokuphuma.<br/>Thepha/ukuzivocavoca kwemoto ye-TMV."]

Ithebula lokushiswa kwesikhumba somuntu ngesikhathi liqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa (Moritz & Henriques Curve)¶

Kungani amakhodi okufaka amapayipi (IPC, UPC, ASSE 1017/1016, UK Building Regulations Part G, kanye neziqondiso ze-WHO) egunyaza ukuthi amanzi alethwe kubhavu wendawo yokuhlala nasezishaweni akumele adlule ku-49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit), kanye 43 kuya ku-46 degrees Celsius ezinezingane ezikhulile ezingu-110 kuya ku-1 ekhaya ezindadlana kuya ku-1 abadala? Ngoba amangqamuzana e-epidermal e-epidermal edlula i-protein denaturation engenakuhlehliswa (coagulation necrosis) ejikeni elingumqansa we-logarithmic uma izinga lokushisa lesikhumba selidlula 44 degrees Celsius (111 degrees Fahrenheit):

Isizathu 1: Kubaleka isifudumezi samanzi sikagesi (Kungani amanzi elokhu ebila ngisho nangemva kohambo lwe-ECO)¶

Uma une ithangi lesitoreji sikagesi isifudumezi samanzi futhi ompompi bakho kungazelelwe baqale ukukhafula isitimu noma balethe amanzi ashisayo angu-75-degree-Celsius (170-degree-Fahrenheit), ubhekene nokukodwa kokuhluleka kukagesi okubili kwakudala ngemuva kwamaphaneli amabili amancane angama-rectangular okufinyelela ohlangothini lwethangi:

1. Oxhumana nabo be-Thermostat abashiselwe (Uhambo lwe-ECO olunomkhawulo ophezulu)¶

• I-heater yamanzi kagesi ine-Upper Thermostat kanye ne-Lower Thermostat ecindezelwe ngokuqinile esikhunjeni sethangi lensimbi ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-fiberglass. Ngokuvamile, bacisha amandla kokuthi 49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma othintana nabo be-bimetallic snap-disc ngaphakathi kweyodwa yalawo ma-thermostat angu-$18 ezihlanganisa ndawonye kusukela eminyakeni yokuhlanganisa ugesi, isici sihlala siqinile kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifika ku-*77 ukuya ku-82 degrees Celsius (170 kuya ku-180 degrees Fahrenheit)**.
• Ku-*82 degrees Celsius (180 degrees Fahrenheit)**, iswishi yesibili High-Limit Energy Cut-Off (ECO)) (iyunithi enenkinobho ebomvu yokusetha kabusha mathupha ngesandla phezulu kwe-thermostat engaphezulu) iklanyelwe ukuvula futhi ibulale amandla kuzo zombili izici, ikushiye nethangi elilodwa lamanzi okushisa elilandelwa amanzi abandayo uma nje lithela amanzi.

2. Umbulali Ofihliwe: Isici Sokushisa Esenziwe "Grounded (Shorted-to-Tank)" Esidlula i-ECO.¶

Kungani ezinye izifudumezi zamanzi zikagesi ziqhubeka zibila amanzi ngokuqhubekayo ku-95 kuya ku-100 degrees Celsius (203 kuya ku-212 degrees Fahrenheit)* ubusuku bonke, zikhafula isitimu esibukhoma koompompi ngisho nangemva kokuthi i-thermostat kanye nenkinobho ebomvu ye-High-Limit ECO kokubili kukhubekile? - I-physics ye-240-volt Grounded Element: - Isici se-heater samanzi sikagesi sokuhlala sisebenza ku-240 volts AC, siphakelwa imilenze emibili eshisayo engu-120-volt (L1 Black kanye ne-L2 Ebomvu). - Kuzifudumezi eziningi zamanzi ezihlala abantu, i-Lower Thermostat iyashintsha OWODWA kuphela emilenzeni emibili eshisayo (L1), kuyilapho omunye umlenze oshisayo ongu-120-volt (L2) uhlala unentambo unomphela iqonde kutheminali yesikulufu yezinto zokushisisa Noma nini lapho i-ECO ingakakhubeki (noma uma iphutha lenzeka ngaphezu kweswishi). - Okuyingozi nakakhulu, lapho ithubhu yensimbi yethusi/Incoloy yangaphandle yesici sokushisisa igqwala futhi ihlukana ivuleke ngaphakathi kwethangi, intambo yangaphakathi ye-nichrome yokumelana ithinta udonga lwethangi lensimbi elimanzi noma amanzi ngokwawo (asekelwe phansi). - Manje, okwamanje kugeleza kusuka kumlenze obukhoma othi 120-volt kuhhafu wekhoyili yento yokushisisa ephukile futhi igxila ngokuqondile odongeni lwethangi lamanzi nelensimbi, iphendulela i-elementi yakho engu-240-volt, 4,500-watt ibe **i-120-volt eqhubekayo, 1,100-watt ibhayela yokucwilisa i-CANNOT icishe i-CANNOT. - Ngenxa yokuthi i-elementi enama-watt angu-1,100 ayilokothi ivaleke ebusuku lapho kungekho muntu osebenzisa amanzi, kancane kancane ipheka ithangi elingu-190-litre (50-gallon) kuze kufike endaweni yokubilisa (100°C / 212°F). - Umthetho Oyisibopho: Noma nini lapho isifudumezi samanzi sikagesi sishisa ngokweqile, phenyisa i-240-volt double-pole circuit breaker kuphaneli kagesi eyinhloko ukuthi IVALI futhi uyiyeke kuze kube yilapho osebenza ngogesi noma osebenza ngamapulangwe ehlola zombili izici ukuze aqhubeke ukuya phansi nge-multimeter futhi athathele indawo isici esihlulekile kanye nama-thermostats. Ungalokothi umane ucindezele inkinobho ebomvu yokusetha kabusha i-High-Limit ECO uphinde ungene bese uhamba; inkinobho ebomvu ikhubeke ngoba i-thermostat noma i-elementi ihlulekile.

Isizathu sesi-2: Ukwehluleka kwe-thermostat yesifudumezi samanzi segesi (Ivalvu yegesi ebambekile)¶

Ku gesi yemvelo noma isifudumezi samanzi sethangi le-propane, ikhopha ende noma ehlanganiswe ngepulasitiki i-thermistor / i-liquid-bulb sensing probe iphuma iqonde ngemuva kwesikwele esingaphambili sevalvu yokulawula igesi ethangini lamanzi.

1. Ihluleka kanjani ukusebenzisa i-thermostat ye-heater yamanzi kagesi:
2. Kuphakathi kokuthi othile ushaye ukudayela okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa okujikelezayo ngaphambili kwe-valve yegesi kusukela ku-"HOT / Normal (49°C / 120°F)" kwaze kwafika ku-"OKUSHISA KAKHULU / C (71°C / 160°F)" ngenkathi igcina amabhokisi ekhabetheni lezinsiza, noma i-limement eqinile ye-calcium (ikhabhoni eqinile)* I-bulb ezwa ukushisa ngaphakathi kwethangi njengengubo ye-thermos.
3. Uma isikali se-rock enamanzi aqinile simboza i-sensing probe, uphenyo lucabanga ukuthi amanzi asepholile uma empeleni engu-75 degrees Celsius (167 degrees Fahrenheit), noma i-diaphragm eyinhloko elayishwe entwasahlobo egcwele intwasahlobo ivuleka ukuze ilangabi elikhulu likasibaseli alilokothi livaleke.
4. Usibheka kanjani futhi umise kanjani isishicileli samanzi segesi esibalekayo:
5. Okokuqala, bheka ukudayela okujikelezayo ngaphambili kwebhokisi lokulawula igesi: uma kungqubuzane ku-*"KUSHISA KAKHULU"**, kubuyisele phansi kumaki kanxantathu / "HOT" / 49°C (120°F).
6. Okwesibili, goqa bese ubheka efasiteleni elincane lengilazi lembobo yokubuka elingaphansi kwethangi kuyilapho uvula ukudayela kokulawula igesi kwehle kuye ku-PILOT noma VALIWE.
7. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile: Uma uvula ukudayela ku-PILOT, iringi enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebhongayo yesibasha esikhulu KUFANELE icime khona manjalo, kusale kuphela ilangabi lekhandlela lokuhlola eliyisentimitha elingu-1 (⅜-intshi). Uma ilangabi elikhulu likasibaseli lihlala libhonga ngisho noma ukudayela kokulawula kuguqulwe ku-PILOT noma IVALIWE, isihlalo sevalvu yegesi yangaphakathi sibhajwe sivuliwe. Ngokushesha finyelela epayipini lokuhambisa igesi yensimbi ngenhla kwesifudumezi samanzi bese uvula ivalvu yebhola ye-brass gas shutoff ibe amadigri angu-90 (eqondane nepayipi)* ukuze unqamule ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ngokuphelele.

Isizathu sesi-3: Ivalve Yokuxuba Yendlu Yonke Yehlulekile (TMV / Tempering Valve)¶

Amakhaya amaningi esimanje, amafulethi, nawo wonke amakhaya ashisiswe nge- hydronic boiler tankless coil noma i-solar/heat-pump water heater anethusi 3-Way Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Tempering Valve, ASSE 1017 / 1070) efakwe kumapayipi amanzi e-copper phezulu phezulu.

Kungani amakhaya esebenzisa iValve Yokuxuba Yendlu Yonke (I Legionella vs. Scald Dilemma)¶

Ama-ejensi ezempilo yomphakathi (okuhlanganisa Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, CDC, ASHRAE Umhlahlandlela 12, kanye ne-Health Canada) aphawula ukungqubuzana okuyisisekelo kubunjiniyela bamanzi ashisayo asekhaya: - Ngaphansi kuka-49°C (120°F): Iphephile ekushiseni kwesekhondi elingu-1, kodwa amanzi ahlezi phakathi kuka-25°C no-45°C (77°F no-113°F) ngaphakathi kwethangi elimile avumela i-Legionella pneumophila amagciwane* (imbangela ye-pneumonia ebulalayo iLegionnaire inhalente) futhi nande. - Ku-60°C (140°F): Ibulala amagciwane e-Legionella phakathi nemizuzu, kodwa ibangela ukusha kwesikhumba somuntu sezinga lesithathu kumasekhondi angu-3. - Isixazululo Sobunjiniyela (Ivaluvu Yokuxuba Yethusi): Amapayipi asetha i-thermostat yethangi le-heater yamanzi ibe ngu-60°C (140°F)* ukuze kugcinwe ithangi liyinyumba, futhi bafake i-Brass 3-Way Thermostatic Mixing Valve khona kanye lapho uphuma ethangini. I-valve yokuxuba ithatha 60°C (140°F) amanzi ashisayo kuwo HOT port, ihlangana 13°C (55°F) emanzini abandayo emigwaqo ngokusebenzisa kwawo COLD ichweba lisebenzisa i-paraffin-wax thermal actuator yangaphakathi, futhi ithumela amanzi apholile 49°C (120°F) aphephile ngaphandle kwayo MIX port kompompi bendlu yakho.

Indlela yokuxilonga futhi uyikhulule okwesikhashana iValve Yokuxuba Yendlu Yonke ebambekile¶

Uma isikali se-calcium samanzi aqinile sakha ngaphakathi kwaleyo valve yokuxuba yezindlela ezi-3 ngaphezulu kwe-heater yakho yamanzi, i-shuttle piston yangaphakathi ibamba indawo ethi "Okushisa Okugcwele", ivala imbobo yokuhlanganisa amanzi abandayo futhi ithumela eluhlaza **60- kuya ku-75-degree-Celsius (140- kuya ku-140- kuya ku-170-ithangi elibonisa amanzi aqondile)

1. Qinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngemizuzwana eyi-10:
2. Bheka amapayipi angaphezulu kwe-heater yakho yamanzi noma ibhoyili. Thola ithusi ivalvu yezindlela ezi-3 egxivizwe ngayo H (Kushisa ngaphakathi), C (Kuyabanda), futhi MIX (Kuhlanganiswe).
3. Uma isifudumezi sakho samanzi siyigesi evamile noma ithangi likagesi elinevalvu exubayo phezulu, mane wehlise i-thermostat yethangi le-heater yamanzi isuke ku-60°C (140°F) iye ku-49°C (120°F). Lokho kwenza ukuthi amanzi aphephe ngokushesha kuwo wonke umpompi ngenkathi ulinde ukusevisa ivalvu yokuhlanganisa yethusi.
4. Indlela "Yokuzivocavoca" Ivalufu Yokuxuba Ekhiyiwe Esikalini:
5. Uma amanzi akho ashisayo ephuma kubhayela oshisisa nge-hydronic (ikhoyili yamanzi ashisayo asekhaya angenathangi) lapho amanzi okubhayela kufanele ahlale ku-75°C (170°F) ukuze ashisise ama-radiator akho, uthembele ngamaphesenti angu-100 kuleyo valve yokuhlanganisa yethusi ukuze uvimbele ukuvutha.
6. Sebenzisa umaka ukuze umake indawo ngqo yamanje ye-inkinobho yokulungisa ipulasitiki phezu kwevalvu yokuhlanganisa yethusi.
7. Ngenkathi usebenzisa umpompi ofudumele kancane kancane, khulula isikulufu sokukhiya kwiphinikhodi yevalvu, vula ifindo kuze kube yilapho kubanda kakhulu (- / C), bese ubuyela esimisweni esishisa kakhulu (+ / H), futhi ubuyele maphakathi izikhathi ezi-3 noma ezi-4 ngenkathi uthepha ngobumnene ohlangothini lomzimba we-valve yethusi nge-block yokhuni noma i-mallet yerabha (ingabi isando sensimbi). Ngokuvamile, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili entwasahlobo kuphula uqweqwe lwe-calcium carbonate luxege ku-piston ukuze amanzi abandayo ageleze futhi, ngemva kwalokho ungakwazi ukubuyisela ifindo ku-49°C (120°F)* elilinganiswa ngethemometha yenyama yedijithali empompini wasekhishini.

Isizathu 4: Ukushisa kweshawa eyodwa (Ama-spool okulinganisa ukucindezela kanye namaringi ashelelayo)¶

Kuthiwani uma usinki wasekhishini nompompi beze bendlu yangasese bevamile ngokuphelele (49°C / 120°F), NOMA kuthiwani umaunenkinga ephambene lapho usinki ngamunye endlini unamanzi ashisayo ngaphandle kweshawa yesibambo esisodwa esilethela amanzi ashisayo kungazelelwe (noma ajike abe yiqhwa/ashise noma nini lapho othile ethela amanzi ashisayo)?

1. Kushelele "Indandatho Yokumisa Umkhawulo Ozungezayo" Ngaphakathi kwesibambo seshawa¶

Ngaphakathi kwayo yonke ivalvu yeshawa yesibambo esisodwa yesimanje (efana ne-Moen Posi-Temp, Delta Monitor, Kohler Rite-Temp, noma i-Pfister) kuhlezi indandatho yepulasitiki ephawuliwe ebizwa ngokuthi Rotational Limit Stop (Anti-Scald Stop Ring) khona kanye ngemva kwesibambo sensimbi. - Umsebenzi waso uwukuvimba ngokomzimba isibambo ukuthi singajikelezi size siye emanzini ashisayo angamaphesenti angu-100. - Uma amazinyo epulasitiki akuleyondandatho yokumisa ephuma (noma othile ehlanganisa kabusha isibambo ngendandatho yokumisa ezungeziswe ngokuphambene newashi), ukuphendula isibambo seshawa kuya kwesokunxele kuletha amanzi ashisayo angamaphesenti angu-100 angaxutshiwe. Khipha isibambo seshawa ngokhiye we-hex noma i-screwdriver ye-Phillips bese uzungezisa indandatho yokumisa yomkhawulo wepulasitiki ngokwewashi ngo-2 kuya ku-4 ama-splines ukuze ukhawule izinga lokushisa eliphezulu leshawa libe ngu-*46°C (115°F)**.

2. I-Stuck Pressure-Bancing Spool ("I-Toilet-Flush Scald")¶

Ngaphakathi kwe-cartridge yeshawa yokulinganisa ukucindezela kunethusi elintantayo mahhala noma isilinda sepulasitiki (i-bancing spool) eslayida emuva naphambili ekuphenduleni izinguquko zengcindezi yamanzi. - Uma othile egezisa indlu yangasese, umfutho wamanzi abandayo uyehla. Ngokuvamile, i-spool yokulinganisa ishelela ngokushesha ukuze icindezele amanzi ashisayo ngokulinganayo ukuze izinga lokushisa leshawa yakho lingalokothi lishintshe ngaphezu kuka-1.7 degrees Celsius (3 degrees Fahrenheit)* (ASSE 1016 ngekhodi). - Lapho i-mineral grit igxumela, ukushaywa kwendlu yangasese kwehlisa ukucindezela okubandayo kube yiziro kuyilapho ishiya imbobo eshisayo ivulekile, ishisa umuntu eshaweni. Ukukhipha i-cartridge yeshawa bese uyicwilisa kusixazululo esingu-50/50 se- uviniga omhlophe ohlanjululwe namanzi imizuzu engu-30 (noma ukubuyisela i-cartridge engu-$30) kubuyisela ukuvikeleka okusheshayo okunqanda ukushisa.

3. Amanzi Ashisayo Aphuma Kumpompi Obandayo ("Cross-Connection Crossover")¶

Kwesinye isikhathi umnikazi womuzi uvula impompi yamanzi ABANDAYO kusinki yokugezela noma ashayele indlu yangasese futhi wethuke ukuzwa amanzi ashisayo ashisayo ephuma epayipini lamanzi abandayo. - Indlela amanzi ashisayo ahlasela ngayo ulayini wamanzi abandayo: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isakhiwo sine- ivalve yokuhlola yangaphakathi ehlulekile ngaphakathi kukampompi oxuba isibambo esisodwa (osibambo saso esikhulu sishiywe sivuliwe kuyilapho inhloko yesifafazi esingezansi komfula, umlomo wombhobho othengisayo, isifafazi esiphathwa ngesandla se-bidet, noma ipayipi le-Y-mixer ivaliwe). Ngenxa yokuthi ithangi lamanzi ashisayo ukunwetshwa okushisayo ngokuvamile kwenza ingcindezi yepayipi elishisayo ibe phezulu kancane kunokucindezela kwepayipi elibandayo (noma ipompo elijikelezayo lamanzi ashisayo liyasebenza), amanzi ashisayo adudula emuva anqamule umzimba wompompi ovulekile aqonde kunethiwekhi yamapayipi amanzi abandayo. - Ukulungisa ngokushesha: Hamba endlini futhi uhlole noma iyiphi isinki yensiza/i-mop enobhobho wepayipi evaliwe ekugcineni, noma iyiphi i-T-valve yebhidethi yendlu yangasese ephathwa ngesandla, noma yimuphi umshini wokuwasha ongu-Y-hose lapho womabili amavalvu odonga ashisayo nabandayo ayeshiywe evuliwe ngesivalelo esisodwa esivalwe phansi nomfula. Vala amavalvu odongeni ashisayo nabandayo kuleso sici futhi ompompi ababandayo kuyo yonke indlu bazobuyela emakhazeni phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-60.

Isifudumezi samanzi esingenathangi (esidingeka kakhulu) kanye nokuqhuma kwe-"Cold Water Sandwich".¶

Uma ikhaya lakho lisebenzisa i- gesi efakwe odongeni noma isifudumezi samanzi esingenathangi (esidingeka) esifakwe odongeni esikhundleni sethangi lokugcina, ukuqhuma okushisayo kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile eyaziwa ngokuthi "I-Cold Water Sandwich / Residual Heat Slug": 1. Lapho othile eqeda ukugeza futhi avale amanzi, isishintshi sokushisa sethusi esingaphakathi kweyunithi engenathangi sisalokhu sishisa ku-150 kuya ku-260 degrees Celsius (300 kuya ku-500 degrees Fahrenheit)* kuyilapho iphakethe lamanzi lihlezi limile ngaphakathi kwamakhoyili ethusi. 2. Lawo manzi avale uhhafu welitha amunca ukushisa kwensimbi okuyinsalela kusishintshi sokushisa, afinyelele 65 kuya ku-75 degrees Celsius (150 kuya ku-167 degrees Fahrenheit). 3. Uma omunye umuntu evula umpompi wegumbi lokugezela imizuzwana engu-30 kuya kwengu-90 kamuva, baqale bathole amanzi epayipi afudumele, alandelwe ngokushesha 3-amasekhondi eslug angu-70°C (158°F) amanzi ashisa kakhulu aphushelwe ngaphandle kwesishintshi sokushisa, alandelwe ngokushesha ukuqhuma kwamanzi abandayo ngenkathi isishisi sivutha futhi. 4. Indlela yokuqeda ukuqhuma okungenathangi: Hlola isibonisi sedijithali esingaphambili kwesifudumezi-manzi esingenathangi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi indawo yokubeka idijithali ikhiyiwe ku-*49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit)**, yehlisa isishintshi sokushisa minyaka yonke ngokuzungeza amalitha angu-15 (amalitha angu-4) kaviniga wezinga lokudla ngaphakathi kwethangi le-valve elimhlophe elincibilika esikalini esingenasici samaminithi angu-5 esikalini esincane sesevisi. ukudlula kubangela ukubilisa kwendawo kanye nokungqongqoza kwesitimu), futhi ufake ithangi lebhafa elincane 2- kuya ku-8 (0.5- kuya ku-2-gallon) noma indawo yokusetshenziswa i-ASSE 1070 thermostatic mixing valve ngaphansi kosinki abasetshenziswa izingane.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Isiphi isilungiselelo sezinga lokushisa esiphephe kunazo zonke se-heater yamanzi asekhaya uma sinezingane ezincane noma amalungu omndeni asebekhulile?¶

I-U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), i-American Burn Association, kanye noMnyango Wezamandla batusa ukuthi kumiswe ama-thermostat ahlala endaweni yokuhlala abe yisifudumezi samanzi sibe ngu-49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit), ohambelana "Ne-Low-Medium," "Ukushisa Okushisayo," noma umaki wereferensi ongunxantathu kumadayela amaningi we-heater yamanzi. Uma uhlala nezinsana, izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5, abantu abadala abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nanoma ubani onesifo sikashukela/i-neuropathy noma ukuhamba kancane, faka ama-valve okuxuba e-ASSE 1070 thermostatic thermostatic noma usethe umkhawulo wokuzungeza eshaweni uyeke ukuze izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lamanzi eliphuma kubhavu wokugezela nezipowuthi zeshawa lingeqi ku-43 kuya ku-406 kuya ku-111 degrees Celsius.

Kungani umpompi wami wamanzi ashisayo ukhwehlele kungazelelwe umoya kanye nesimusi ngenkathi ngiwuvula namhlanje ekuseni?¶

Lapho umpompi wamanzi ashisayo ukhaphaza, uqhuma, futhi ukhafula amaphakethe anamandla esitimu namanzi abilayo okokuqala ekuseni ngemva kokuhlala ungasetshenziswanga ubusuku bonke, isifudumezi sakho samanzi sihlulekile ukuvala phakathi nobusuku futhi sashisisa amanzi angaphakathi ethangini adlula ama-degree Celsius angu-100 (212 degrees Fahrenheit). Ngenkathi ompompi bevaliwe, ama-kilopascal angu-350 kuya ku-550 (50 kuya ku-80 PSI) wokucindezela kwamanzi kamasipala ngaphakathi kwamapayipi akho ompompi agcina lawo manzi ashise kakhulu ukuba angabili abe yigesi (ngoba amanzi angaphansi kuka-60 PSI abila ku-153°C / 307°F esikhundleni sika-100°C/212); ngokushesha lapho uvula umpompi wempompi futhi wehlisa ukucindezela ku-atmospheric (0 PSI), amanzi ashise kakhulu akhanya ngokushesha abe isitimu khona kanye ngaphakathi kwesipowuthi sikampompi. Vala i-heater yamanzi noma i-valve yegesi ngokushesha.

Uma isifudumezi sami samanzi sishisa ngokweqile futhi ivalve yethusi ye-TPR eseceleni iconsa amanzi ashisayo, ngingalivala ipayipi ukuze ngimise ukuvuza?¶

UNGALOKOTHI umboze, uxhume, ukhiphe, noma usikulufe ivalvu yokuvala ipayipi lepayipi engadini epayipini lokukhipha levalvu ye-Temperature and Pressure Relief (TPR) ku-heater yamanzi noma kubhayela. Ivalvu ye-TPR iyona kuphela imishini ehluleka ukuphepha evimbela isifudumezi samanzi esishisisa ngokweqile ukuthi singaqhumi ekuqhumeni kwesitimu esiyinhlekelele (BLEVE) esingaqalisa ithangi lensimbi elingamagalani angu-50 ngokuqondile ezitezi ezimbili zendlu; uma i-valve ye-TPR ikhipha amanzi ashisayo noma isitimu, isindisa impilo yakho ngenkuthalo ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi i-thermostat yesifudumezi samanzi yehlulekile ukugijima noma ithangi lakho lokunweba elishisayo ligcwele amanzi.

Ngilikala kanjani izinga lokushisa lami eliqondile lamanzi kampompi ekhaya uma ukudayela kwehitha yami yamanzi kuthi kuphela "Kufudumele / Kuyashisa / A / B / C"?¶

Ngenxa yokuthi ukudayela okujikelezayo kuzishisi zamanzi zegesi ("Kuphansi / Kuyashisa / A / B / C / Kushisa Kakhulu") kudume kabi futhi kungahluka ngo-10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit) kusukela kuzinga lokushisa langempela lamanzi, okuwukuphela kwendlela enembile yokusetha isifudumezi sakho samanzi kusempompini wasekhishini. Vula impompi yamanzi ashisayo yasekhishini lapho igeleza ngokugcwele imizuzu emi-3 kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lizinza, bamba ithemometha yenyama yasekhishini efundwa ngokushesha yedijithali noma ithemometha kaswidi endaweni egelezayo (noma ngaphakathi kwekomishi echichima ngokuqhubekayo umfudlana), bese ulungisa ukudayela kwesifudumezi sakho ngenotshi eyodwa njalo emahoreni ama-3 kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lifunda izinga lokushisa elingaguquki elingu-409 degrees Celsius (1).

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-American Burn Association (ABA) kanye ne-U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Tap Water Scald Prevention, Time-Temperature Burn Thresholds (Moritz & Henriques Curve), kanye no-120°F (49°C) Imihlahlandlela yesifudumezi samanzi.
• I-American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE) & International Plumbing Code (IPC): *ASSE 1016 (Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Shower), ASSE 1017 (Point-of-Source Thermostatic Mixing Valves), kanye ne-ASSE 1070 (Point-of-Use Water Demperature Limi.)
• Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) kanye Nomhlahlandlela we-ASHRAE 12: Ukuphatha i-Legionella Ezinhlelweni Zamanzi Zokwakha vs. I-Scald Prevention nge-Thermostatic Mixing Valves.
• I-Underwriters Laboratories (UL 174) & ANSI Z21.10.1: I-Household Electric and Gas Storage Tank Water Heater High-Limit Energy Cut-Off (ECO) kanye ne-TPR Valve Safety Standards.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-heater yamanzi kanye nokwehluleka kwevalvu ye-TPR
• Ukuhluleka kwe-heater yamanzi kanye nethangi elivuzayo
• I-steam radiator blowout, i-hydronic boiler dry-firing, kanye nokuvuza kwesitimu esishisayo
• Ukushiswa nokushiswa kosizo lokuqala
• Ipayipi eliqhumile kanye nokuvalwa kwamanzi okuphuthumayo
• Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo