Ibhande Lesikhathi noma I-Timing Chain Snap Ngenkathi Ushayela: Ukufa Kwenjini Ngokungazelelwe kanye Nendawo Yokulondoloza Amabhuleki Amandla¶

Ngaphakathi kwenjini ngayinye evuthayo yangaphakathi enemivimbo emine, ibhande lerabha lerabha elinamazinyo noma iketango lesikhathi le-roller yensimbi likhiya ukuzungezisa ngezansi i-crankshaft (eshayela amapiston phezulu naphansi) ngokuvumelanisa ncamashi okungu-2:1 kanye nephezulu i-camshafts iphusha i-valve yokufaka igesi evulayo amakamelo). Ngokungafani nebhande langaphandle lensimbi yenyoka (lapho injini iqhubeka isebenza ngenkathi ukukhanya kwebhethri kukhanya), ibhande lesikhathi noma i-timing chain snap ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu kubulala ukusha ngokuphazima kweso: kungakapheli klzzwxh:0008, injini ye-RPM yehlela kuqda, i-accelerator i-accelerator ifa ngokuphelele, sonke isithonjana esibomvu esiyisixwayiso kudeshibhodi (Oil Pressure, Battery, Check Engine) ikhanyisa kanye nje, futhi umsizi wesiteringi samandla uyanyamalala.

Izimo eziphuthumayo ezimbili zenzeka emizuzwaneni yokuqala emi-5 ngemva kokugqashuka kwebhande lesikhathi noma iketango. Okokuqala, emgwaqeni, injini efile ikhiqiza i-vacuum enguziro edonsayo, okusho ukuthi igumbi lakho le-vacuum brake booster libamba kuphela ukucindezela okunegethivu okwanele okugciniwe kokucindezela amabhuleki okusizwa amandla angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2; uma ngokuthuthumela umpompa ibhuleki izikhathi ezintathu ngenkathi uhlanganisa imigwaqo yethrafikhi, uzokhipha isivalu esigciniwe siye emkhathini bese ibhuleki liphenduke liqine, okudinga amakhilogremu angu-50 kuya ku-75 (amakhilogremu angu-110 kuya kwangu-165) amandla omlenze ukumisa imoto. Okwesibili, ngaphansi kwe-hood, ngaphezu ** kwamaphesenti angu-80 wezinjini zanamuhla "Izinjini Zokuphazanyiswa"** lapho ama-valve ensimbi evulekile nama-piston akhuphukayo abelana ncamashi nesikhala somzimba esifanayo ngaphakathi kwesilinda kuma-millisecond ahlukene; uma imoto isima ehlombe, inyakazisa ngokuphindaphindiwe isiqalisi ukuze "izame ukuyiqalisa" kuzosandonisa noma yimaphi ama-valve asele eqinile kumaphiston futhi kuphahlaze ikhanda lesilinda. Uma uvaleleke kumgwaqo onguthelawayeka ophilayo, shayela inombolo yakini yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom; bona izinombolo eziphuthumayo) kanye nokubuyekeza Ibhande lenyoka eliphukile: ukulahlekelwa ukupholisa, ukushaja, nesiteringi samandla, Ukuhluleka kwamabhuleki ngenkathi ushayela, futhi Ukuhluleka kwesiteringi samandla noma ukukhiya isiteringi ngenkathi ushayela.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Shintshela kokumaphakathi (N) (noma ubambe i-clutch pedal phansi) phakathi nemizuzwana yokuqala emi-2 ukuze ulondoloze umfutho oya phambili: Uma ibhande lesikhathi linqamuka ngenkathi ukudlulisela kukuDrayivu (D) noma igiya elishintshwayo, injini efile isebenza njengehange eliwumshini elopha ngokushesha isivinini sakho ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele ehlombe lomgwaqo onguthelawayeka. Phusha isikhethi segiya ku-Neutral (N)* ngokushesha bese uvula izibani eziyingozi zendlela emine ukuze imoto yakho ikwazi ukuhambahamba ngokukhululeka amakhulu amamitha iye emzileni wokuwohloka ophephile.
2. UNGALOKOTHI upompe i-pedal yebhuleki - sebenzisa ukucindezela OKULODWA, okuqhubekayo, okuqhubekayo uma uqondaniswe nehlombe: Ngenxa yokuthi injini emile ayisagcwalisi i-vacuum brake booster, i-valve yokuhlola indlela eyodwa ku-booster ibamba kuphela ukucindezela okusizwa okungu-1 kuya kwemi-2. Gcina unyawo lwakho ebhulekini ngenkathi ugudla imizila yethrafikhi, futhi uma usulungele ukwehlisa ijubane ehlombe, cindezela ibhuleki lehle liye phansi ngomnyakazo owodwa oqhubekayo futhi ungalokothi uphakamise unyawo lwakho phezulu kuze kube yilapho imoto ima ngokuphelele.
3. Uma i-pedal yebhuleki isivele iqinile, qinisa umhlane wakho esitulweni bese ume phezu kwe-pedali ngamandla omlenze ogcwele: Ibhuleki eliqinile ngemva kokuba indawo yokudayisa injini akusho kusho ukuthi amabhuleki akho asebenza ngehydraulic ahlulekile; kusho ukuthi i-vacuum assist isihambile. Gxilisa amahlombe akho kusihlalo esingemuva bese usunduza isinyathela esiqinile phansi zombili izinyawo noma amandla aphezulu omsipha womlenze owodwa (50+ kilograms / 110+ pounds) ukuze umise imoto.
4. UNGALOKOTHI uvule ukhiye wokuthungela LOCK noma OFF ngenkathi imoto isagingqika: Gcina ukhiye wokuthungela ku ON / RUN ukuma kuze kube yilapho amathayi emiswa ngokuphelele ehlombe ukuze ungafaki iphinikhodi yokukhiya ikholomu yokuqondisa noma uvale isiteringi samandla kagesi / ama-airbag amaphakathi nogu.
5. Uma isimile ehlombe, UNGAKHIHLISI injini yesiqalisi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze uyihlole: Uma ubona izimpawu zesiginesha zebhande lesikhathi eliphukile (indawo yokudayisa ethule ngokushesha ngenkathi uhamba nge-sputter enguziro, noma umsindo osheshayo, ophakeme, ongasho lutho ohewuzayo uma uklolodelwe kanye ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukucindezelwa kwesilinda esiyi-zero futhi ungakwenzi ngokushesha*) Enjinini yokuphazamiseka noma ochungechungeni lwezikhathi olugxumayo, yonke i-crank yesiqalisi senjini ishayela amapiston kumavalvu avulekile ngo-250 RPM, iphendule ikhanda lesilinda elilungisekayo libe ibhulokhi yenjini ephelele.
6. Misa ibhuleki lokupaka liqine, shintshela ePaki (P), bese bephuma ngemva kwe- guardrail eseceleni komgwaqo: Ngenxa yokuthi i-vacuum yenjini ayisekho, amabhuleki esevisi ngeke abambe imoto kancane egqumeni; donsa ibhuleki lesandla likamshini noma i-electronic parking brake switch (EPB), phuma ngeminyango eseceleni kwabagibeli kude nethrafikhi, bese ubiza iloli elidonsayo.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: Isitolo senjini engazelelwe kanye nebhande lesikhathi / ukuxilongwa kweketango¶

flowchart TD
    Stall["Injini Ifa Ngokushesha Ngesivinini Somgwaqo (Zonke Izibani Zedeshi Ziyakhanyisa, 0 RPM)"] --> ShiftN["1. Shifta Ngokushesha uye Emaphakathi (N) noma Cindezela okuthi Clutch In to Coast Freely"]
    ShiftN --> SteerBrake["2. Qondanisa Ehlombe Ngezandla Ezimbili kanye Nebhuleki Cindezelo ELILODWA Eliqhubekayo Elinganqamuki (Ungalokothi Upompe I-Pedal)"]
    SteerBrake --> ParkSafe["3. Misa Ehlombe, Misa Ibhuleki Lokupaka Liqine, Shift uye Epaki (P), Vula Izingozi"]
    ParkSafe --> SoundCheck{"4. Yazwakala Kanjani Injini Ngesikhathi Ifa (noma Ngesikhathi Sokhrank Owodwa Owu-1-Second)?"}
    SoundCheck -->|"I-Metallic Clatter/Bang Ngaphambi Kokufa, NOMA I-Starter Spins Ngokushesha & Ngokulinganayo Njengomshini Wokuthunga (Zero Compression)"| TimingBroken["IBHANDE LESIKHATHI ELIQINISEKILE ELIPHUKILE NOMA IKHETHA LESIKHATHI"]
    SoundCheck -->|"Injini Ishayekile/Ikhwehlele Ima KANYE nama-Crank at Normal Rhythmic Cadence (uh-uh-uh-uh)"| FuelOrSpark["Isikhathi Esingaguquki: Cishe Ukwehluleka Kwephampu Yamafutha, I-Tripped Inertia Switch, noma Inzwa ye-Crankshaft"]
    TimingBroken --> InterferenceCheck{"5. Ingabe Lena Injini Yokuphazanyiswa noma Injini Engaphazamisi?"}
    InterferenceCheck -->|"Injini Yokuphazanyiswa (>80% Wezimoto Zesimanje, Wonke Udizili)"| StopCranking["UNGAPHINDE UQALE UQALE: Ama-Pistons Athinte Amavalvu; I-Tow Yokuthenga I-Borescope / I-Leak-Down Check"]
    InterferenceCheck -->|"Injini Engaphazamisi (Khetha IToyota Endala, Mazda, Ford, Subaru Models)"| TowReplace["I-Zero Valve-to-Piston Ukulimala: Ithowuzi ozothenga ngayo Ibhande Lesikhathi Esilula Nokushintshwa Kwepompo Lamanzi"]

Ungazi kanjani uma ibhande lakho lesikhathi/iketanga ligqashukile uma liqhathaniswa nephampu kaphethiloli noma ukwehluleka kwe-alternator¶

Uma injini ima emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, abashayeli nabaqhubi bosizo lomgwaqo badinga ukwazi phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-60 ukuthi ibhande lesikhathi/iketango langaphakathi liphukile yini noma ingabe iphampu likaphethiloli, inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft, noma ibhande lenyoka lihlulekile:

Isakhiwo semishini: Ibhande Lesikhathi vs. Uchungechunge Lwesikhathi (Kungani ngayinye yehluleka)¶

Abakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa enye yezinhlelo ezimbili zokushayela zangaphakathi ukuvumelanisa i-crankshaft nama-camshafts. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi isistimu esetshenziswa imoto yakho kuchaza ukuthi kungani yehluleka nokuthi kwenzekeni ngaphakathi enjinini:

I-Interference Engine vs. Injini Engaphazamisi: Ingabe ama-valve ami ashaye ama-piston?¶

Umbuzo owodwa obaluleke kakhulu wemishini ngemva kokunqamuka kwebhande lesikhathi noma uchungechunge lwezikhathi ukuthi ingabe injini yakho iyi-Injini Yokuphazanyiswa noma Injini Engaphazamisi (Esebenza Mahhala):

1. Isebenza kanjani "Injini Yokuphazanyiswa" (>80% Wezimoto Zesimanjemanje kanye no-100% Wezinjini Dizili)¶

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuphezulu, ukucindezelwa okuphezulu kwezilinganiso, nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha umoya, cishe wonke amasilinda amane esimanje, i-V6, i-V8, kanye nazo zonke izinjini zikadizili zakhelwe ngokuthi izinjini zokuphazamiseka: - Ekusebenzeni okuvamile, i-valve yokudonsa ivuleka iye phansi iye phezulu kusilinda kuyilapho ipiston yehla, bese ivala amasekhondi ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-piston igijime ibuyele phezulu ku-Top Dead Center (TDC)** ngokuzungeza okungu-50 ngomzuzwana (3,000 RPM)**. - Lapho ibhande lesikhathi noma iketango linqamuka, ama-camshafts ayayeka ukuzungeza ngokushesha, ashiye amavalvu amaningana okukhipha nawokukhipha umoya eqandisiwe evuleke kakhulu enamathela emagumbini avuthayo. - Ngaleso sikhathi, imoto esindayo isaginqika emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka (noma i-crankshaft isenayo inertia ejikelezayo), okuphoqa i-crankshaft namapiston ukuthi aqhubeke nokumpompa phezulu naphansi ukuze kuguqulwe inqwaba. - Phakathi nemizuzwana engu-0.1* yokuqala yokunqamuka kwebhande lesikhathi lomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, amapiston e-aluminium akhuphukayo ashaya amakhanda evalve ensimbi evulekile kuthelawayeka i-RPM: - Isimo Esingcono Kakhulu Sokuphazamisa: Iziqu zensimbi ezizacile zamavalvu okukhiphayo angu-4 ukuya kwangu-16 agobeka nge-engeli engu-15-to-30-degree (alahlekelwa yikho konke ukucindezelwa ukuze injini ingakwazi ukusebenza), kuyilapho imiqhele yepiston ye-aluminium ewugqinsi ihlupheka kuphela ngezimonyo zezimonyo ezimise okucwebezelayo. Ukukhipha ikhanda lesilinda, ukufaka ama-valve agobile neziqondiso, nokufaka ikhithi yesikhathi entsha kubuyisela injini. - Isimo Esiphazamisayo Esibi Kakhulu: Ikhanda le-valve linqamula esiqwini salo ngokuphelele bese liwela kusilinda, lapho i-piston iligawula phezulu njengensimbi, ibhoboze imbobo kumqhele wepiston ye-aluminium, iklebhule udonga lwesilinda, futhi ibhidliza yonke ibhulokhi yenjini.

2. Isebenza kanjani "Injini Engaphazamisi (Esebenza Ngamahhala)".¶

enjinini engaphazamisi, igumbi elivuthayo lihlehliswe ngokujulile ngokwanele (noma imiqhele yepiston inamanotshi ajulile akhulula ama-valve) okuthi ngisho nalapho ivalvu ibhajwe ngamaphesenti angu-100 ivuleke futhi ipiston ifike phezulu kakhulu lapho ishaywa khona (Top Dead Center), kusekhona igebe lomoya elingu-1 kuya ku-3 phakathi kwe-valve: - Uma ibhande lesikhathi linqamula enjinini engaphazamisi ngesivinini esingu-110 km/h (70 mph), injini ivele iyeke ukudubula bese igudla ihlombe nge ivalve yangaphakathi eyiziro noma ukulimala kwepiston. - Uma idonswa iyiswa esitolo, umakhenikha ufaka amabhawodi ebhande lesikhathi elisha lika-$50 kanye nekhithi ye-tensioner, iqondanise izimpawu zesikhathi, bese injini iqala phezulu sengathi akwenzekanga lutho.

Inkomba esheshayo: Ukuphazamiseka vs. Izinjini Ezingaphazamisi Ngokwenza¶

Ukuqinisekiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo komgwaqo: "I-5-Second Oil Cap Camshaft Check"¶

Uma usupake ngokuphepha ngemuva kwe- guardrail ehlombe enomlilo OFF, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi ibhande lakho lesikhathi noma iketango liqhamuke ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-30 ngaphandle kwamathuluzi:

1. Vula ihood bese uthola i-Engine Oil Filler Cap phezu kwesembozo sevalvu yenjini (imvamisa imakwe ngophawu lwekani likawoyela noma izinga le-viscosity like 5W-30 noma 0W-20).
2. Khumula isivalo sokugcwalisa uwoyela bese ukhanyisa ithoshi le-smartphone yakho liqonde ngqo embobeni kawoyela:
3. Ezinjinini eziningi ezinamakhamera angaphezulu, ungabona insimbi epholishiwe i-camshaft lobe, ingalo yerocker, noma iketango lesikhathi eliphezulu/i-sprocket khona kanye endaweni evulekile yokugcwalisa uwoyela (uma insimbi ivimba ukubuka, bheka ikhava yebhande lepulasitiki eliphezulu ohlangothini lomgibeli wenjini ukuze ubone ukuthi lingaqanyulwa yini onqenqemeni olungaphezulu).
4. Uma I-Cam Lobe noma I-Chain Libonakala: Vumela umgibeli ahlale esihlalweni somshayeli futhi uthepha isiqalisi imizuzwana engu-0.5 kuyilapho ubuka imbobo yokugcwalisa uwoyela (gcina iminwe nezingubo ezixegayo zicacile):
5. Uma uzwa i-starter motor izungeza i-crankshaft engezansi (zzzzzz), kodwa i-camshaft lobe noma iketango elingaphakathi kwembobo yokugcwalisa uwoyela lihlala linganyakazi ngamaphesenti ayi-100, ibhande lakho lesikhathi noma iketango lesikhathi liqinisekisiwe liphukile. Misa ukuklabalasa ngokushesha futhi ubize iloli elidonsayo.

Qaphela i-"Wet Timing Belt" Oil-Starvation Cascade (Ford EcoBoost, PSA 1.2 PureTech, VW TDI)¶

Uma ushayela imoto efakwe "I-Wet Timing Belt" (Belt-in-Oil) - njenge Ford 1.0L EcoBoost, Ford 2.0L EcoBlue Diesel, **Peugeot / Citroën / DS / Vauxhall / Opel 1.2*1. - ukwehluleka kwebhande lesikhathi kuvame ukuqala ngesibani esiyisixwayiso esikhohlisayo ngaphambi kokuthi ibhande linqamuke:

1. Indlela Amabhande Amanzi Awohloka Ngayo: Ngenxa yokuthi ibhande lesikhathi senjoloba ligijima licwiliswe kuwoyela wenjini eshisayo, kusetshenziswa incazelo engalungile kawoyela wenjini noma izinguquko zikawoyela ezinwetshwayo kubangela ukuthi irabha engaphezulu yebhande ikhukhumale futhi iqubuke ibe imvuthuluka yerabha emnyama.
2. Isixwayiso Sokukhanya Kokucindezela Amafutha Abomvu Nepedali Yebhuleki Eliqinile: Lezo zimvuthu zebhande lenjoloba zicwila phansi epanini likawoyela futhi zivala isikrini semeshi seshubhu lokuthatha iphampu kawoyela (kanye nesikrini sepompo yevacuum).
3. Ezinsukwini noma amaminithi ngaphambi kokuba ibhande lesikhathi elimanzi linqamuke ngempela, I-Red Low Engine Oil Pressure Warning Light (isithonjana se-oil can) ikhanyisa kudeshibhodi futhi ibhuleki elinyathelayo lijika libe lukhuni (ngoba ipompo yokuvala uwoyela ebulawa uwoyela iyayeka ukwenza i-vacuum yamabhuleki).
4. Uma ubona ukukhanya kwe-Red Oil Pressure noma uzwa ibhuleki eliqinile enjinini enebhande elimanzi, donsa bese uvala injini phakathi nemizuzwana engu-30 - ima ngaphambi kokuba ibhande elimanzi elibulawa indlala lihlakaze amazinyo ayo konga injini ekubhujisweni kwe-valve-to-piston eyinhlekelele.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Ngoba ibhande lesikhathi elinqanyuliwe noma iketango lidala ukulahleka ngokushesha, okuphelele kokugijima ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu, ukuphuma emigwaqweni ebukhoma yethrafikhi nokuvikela abagibeli ekushayisaneni kwangemuva kuyinto ehamba phambili yakho:

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani i-pedal yami yebhuleki iphenduke idwala ngemva kokufa kwenjini emgwaqeni omkhulu?¶

Amabhuleki asebenza ngamanzi emoto yakho asebenzisa i-vacuum brake booster canister efakwe ku-firewall encike ekumunceni i-vacuum kusuka kubuningi benjini egijimayo (noma iphampu yomshini yokukhipha umoya eshayelwa i-camshaft) ukuze uphindaphinde ukucindezela konyawo lwakho izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4. Ngokuphazima kweso ibhande lesikhathi linqamuka futhi injini iyeke ukujikeleza, akukho vacuum entsha ekhiqizwayo, okushiya kuphela i-vacuum eyanele evaleleke ngaphakathi kwe-booster canister for 1 kuya ku-2 wokucindezela amabhuleki okuvamile. Uma usucindezele futhi ukhulula i-pedal kabili, leyo vacuum egciniwe ayisekho futhi kufanele uphushe i-hydraulic piston engasizwa ngamakhilogremu angu-50 kuya ku-75 (110 kuya ku-165 pounds) wamandla omlenze oluhlaza ukumisa imoto.

Ngingabona kanjani ngomsindo wesiqalisi ukuthi ibhande lami lesikhathi liphukile?¶

Yenza uhlolo lokulalela olulodwa lwesekhondi elingu-1 olubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwe-starter cadence." Imvamisa, uma uhlanza injini, isiqalisi senjini senza umsindo onesigqi, oshukumisayo othi "uh-uh-uh-uh" njengoba ipiston ngayinye ekhuphukayo ilwa no-150 PSI wokucindezelwa komoya phakathi kwesilinda sayo. Lapho ibhande lesikhathi noma iketango liphuka, ama-camshaft ayayeka ukunyakaza futhi ashiye ama-valve evaliwe, aqede ukucindezelwa kumasilinda; ngenxa yalokho, i-starter motor ijikelezisa i-crankshaft ngokushesha ngokujwayelekile ngokuphakama okuphezulu, okubushelelezi ngokuphelele, okuzwakalayo okuzwakalayo kagesi okuvunguzayo ("zzzzzzzz") njengomshini wokuthunga noma i-drill yamandla.

Uma injini yami yokuphazamiseka ihlwithe ibhande layo lesikhathi ku-100 km/h (60 mph), ingabe injini iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izokwenziwa ingqikithi?¶

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi - kuyilapho amanye amavalvu ecishe agobile lapho ibhande lesikhathi linqamula injini ephazamisayo ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu, indawo engezansi yenjini (ibhulokhi yenjini, i-crankshaft, izinduku zokuxhuma, namapiston) isinda injalo emacaleni acishe abe ngu-60 kuye kwangama-70 inqobo nje uma umshayeli eshintshele ku-Neutral ngokushesha futhi engaqhubeki eshaya isiqalisi ehlombe. Umakhenikha angahlola iziqongo zamaphistoni ngemizuzu engu-15 esebenzisa ikhamera ye-fiber-optic borescope efakwe ngezimbobo zepulaki lenhlansi; uma lingekho ikhanda le-valve elinqanyuliwe labhoboza umqhele we-piston, ukususa ikhanda le-cylinder nokufaka ama-valve agobile kanye nekhithi yebhande lesikhathi ngokuvamile kubiza kancane kunokushintsha injini yonke.

Kungani ibhande lami lesikhathi lagqashuka nakuba imoto yami inamakhilomitha angu-88 000 kuphela ku-odometer?¶

Izikhawu zokushintsha ibhande lesikhathi zihlale zicaciswa YIKUBILI ibanga KANYE nesikhathi - ngokuvamile amamayela angu-60,000 kuya ku-100,000 (95,000 kuya ku-160,000 km) NOMA iminyaka engu-7 kuya kwengu-10, kuye ngokuthi ikuphi okuza kuqala. Ngisho noma imoto ishayelwa amakhilomitha angu-5 000 kuphela ngonyaka, ibhande lerabha leminyaka engu-12 ubudala lidlula izinkulungwane zemijikelezo yokushisa eshisa kuya emakhazeni kanye ne-oxidation ye-ozone eyomisa injoloba yokwenziwa kuze kunqamuke amazinyo, noma amafutha angaphakathi empompini yamanzi noma i-tensioner yome futhi ibambe i-pulley.

Ingabe izinjini ezinamaketanga esikhathi ensimbi zike zephuke njengamabhande esikhathi senjoloba?¶

Yebo. Nakuba amaketango ensimbi egcina isikhathi engaboli ngenxa yobudala njengamabhande enjoloba, athembela kuwoyela wenjini ocindezelwe ukuze agcobe amakhulukhulu ezikhonkwane zensimbi zensimbi futhi acindezele umshini wokudonsa amanzi ocindezela amaketanga epulasitiki agobile. Uma izinguquko zikawoyela zinwetshwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, uma injini iphelelwa uwoyela, noma uma ama-plastic chain guides ephuka ngemva kwamamayela angu-100,000, iketango liyanwebeka, lihlokoma kakhulu ekuseni kubanda, ligxume amazinyo phezu kwama-sprockets e-camshaft, noma liqhamuke ngokuphelele ngomonakalo we-valve-to-piston efanayo ncamashi nomonakalo webhande lesikhathi.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ibhande lenyoka eliphukile: ukulahlekelwa ukupholisa, ukushaja, nesiteringi samandla
• Ukuhluleka kwamabhuleki ngenkathi ushayela
• Ukuhluleka kwesiteringi samandla noma ukukhiya isiteringi ngenkathi ushayela
• Ukulungiswa komgwaqo okuphuthumayo nokuxazulula izinkinga

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• I-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, United States): Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 105 & No. 135 - I-Light Vehicle Brake Systems: I-Power-Assist Ehlulekile (Ukuqedwa Kwe-Vacuum Booster) Ukumisa Ibanga kanye Namazinga Amandla We-Pedal.
• I-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International): SAE J1313 / Synchronous Belt Drive (Timing Belt) kanye ne-Roller Timing Chain Fatigue, i-Hydraulic Tensioner Ratchet Design, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Valve-to-Piston Clearance.
• I-American Automobile Association (AAA, United States) & Royal Automobile Club (RAC, United Kingdom): Ukuxilongwa Kokuhlukana Komgwaqo Kwezitebhisi Zenjini Engazelelwe, Ukuhluleka Kwebhande Le-Camshaft, kanye Nezinqubo Zokuhamba Ngokuphephile.
• I-Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club (ADAC, Germany): Zahnriemenriss und Steuerkettenschaden während der Fahrt (I-Timing Belt Snap kanye Nokwehluleka Kochungechunge Lwesikhathi Lapho Ushayela): Izenzo Zomshayeli Ezisheshayo kanye Nokuhlolwa Kokulimala Kwenjini.
• Ikhomishana Yezomnotho Yezizwe Ezihlangene YaseYurophu (i-UNECE): Umthetho No. 13-H - Izinhlinzeko Ezifanayo Eziphathelene Nokugunyazwa Kwezimoto Zabagibeli Maqondana Ne-Braking (I-Residual Braking Performance Without Engine Vacuum Assist).