Isitimela Esimisiwe Sivimba Isimo Esiphuthumayo Somgwaqo: Kungani Ungalokothi Ukhase Ngaphansi Kwezimoto Zesitimela¶

Ukuvaleleka emotweni yakho noma ngezinyawo ngemuva kwesitimela esikhulu, esinganyakazi sesitimela esivale ibanga likaloliwe wedolobha lakho amahora amabili, noma uqaphela ukuthi i-ambulensi, injini yokucima umlilo, noma imoto yakho ethwele ilungu lomndeni elimatasatasa, i-anaphylaxis, noma ukucindezeleka kwenhliziyo inqanyulwe yibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-3 ubude (amamayela angu-2 ubude bensimbi yokuthutha umphakathi wamamayela angu-2 kanye ne-railstat high). isimo esibucayi. Ngaphansi kwe-"Precision Scheduled Railroading" yesimanje (PSR)" ukusebenza kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, izitimela ezithwala impahla zihlala zinwebeka 2.5 kuya ku-4.5 amakhilomitha ubude (1.5 kuya ku-3 miles) ubude (izimoto ezingu-150 kuye kwezingu-250+), ezedlula ubude bezindawo ezidlula ujantshi futhi ziphoqa izitimela ukuthi zihlale zifile ezimpambanweni zebanga eliyinhloko amahora amaningi ngenkathi kulindele izinguquko eziphikisanayo, ukushintshwa kwezindiza eziphukile noma ukukhanda okungahambi kahle. Isitimela esingazange sinyakaze isentimitha emizuzwini engu-45, abahamba ngezinyawo abakhungathekile, izingane zesikole ezigodukayo, kanye nababukele abathukile benza iphutha elibulalayo njalo: bagibela phezu kwezinsimbi zensimbi phakathi kwezimoto ezimbili zikaloliwe noma bagaqa ngaphansi kwenqola ukuze baye kolunye uhlangothi.

Ukugibela phakathi, phezu, noma ngaphansi kwesitimela esimisiwe esithwala impahla, ngisho naso esibonakala sivalekile singekho isitimela esibonakala ngamamayela, sibulala futhi sinqamule amakhulu abantu minyaka yonke ngenxa yesenzo esinodlame se-physics esaziwa ngokuthi "Isenzo Sokuxega Kwesitimela" (Free Slack). Yonke i-coupler yemoto yezimpahla ine-15 ukuya ku-30 ​​amasentimitha (amayintshi angu-6 ukuya kwangu-12)* wokudlala okushintshiwe. Ngaphakathi kwesitimela esinezimoto ezingu-150, esingeza ku-ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100) wesamba sokuntenga komshini. Lapho isitimela esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-3 (amamayela angu-2) sikhipha amabhuleki noma sinyakazisa i-throttle, uphondo lwesitimela aluzwakali lapho uwela, nokho igagasi elinamandla lehla ezimotweni zensimbi nge-*150 kuya ku-300 amakhilomitha ngehora (95 kuya ku-185 mph), okubangela ukuba imoto kaloliwe ethule engu-56 mph iye phambili kumamitha angu-510 ukuya phambili. noma emuva engxenyeni yesekhondi enesexwayiso esinguziro. Esikhundleni sokuzifaka engcupheni yokunqunywa noma ukufa, umthetho wenhlangano (49 CFR Section 234.309) ibeka Isistimu Yezaziso Eziphuthumayo ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ENS) sayina kuwo wonke amaposi okuwela ujantshi wesitimela e-United States: ukushayela leyo nombolo yocingo engu-24/7 yokufunda inombolo engu- 7 USDOT Crossing Inventory Number ikuxhuma ngqo ku-Chief Dispatcher yakwaloliwe, onga-oda abasebenzi besitimela ukuthi "basike ukuwela" (split the train) ye-ambulensi noma hambisa kabusha abezimo eziphuthumayo endaweni evulekile.

(Okwezindawo ezihlala zodwa ezinqanyulwe ibhuloho noma ukuvalwa kwezikebhe, bheka Ukuvalwa kwebhuloho, ukuvalwa kwezikebhe, kanye nenkinga yokuhlinzekwa kwesiqhingi esisodwa noma inhlonhlo. Ukuze uthole ukuphuma kwesitimela kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, bheka Ukuqhuma kwesitshalo samakhemikhali, ukonakala kwezitimela, kanye ne-shelter-in-place seal, futhi sigcine wethu izinombolo eziphuthumayo uhla lwemibhalo lufakwe uphawu lokubekisa.)

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. UNGALOKOTHI ugaqe ngaphansi kwenqola yesitimela emile, futhi UNGALOKOTHI ugibele phezu kwama-knuckle coupler phakathi kwezinqola ezimbili zikaloliwe, ngisho namasekhondi angu-3. Imoto ethwala impahla ethule ingahamba amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) khona manjalo ngaphandle kokushaywa kwehuni njengoba amabhuleki omoya ededela noma isenzo esixegayo sehla esitimeleni. Uma uhamba nge-coupler uma igagasi elixegayo lishaya, igiya lokusalungiswa le-telescoping hydraulic kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi zichoboza i-pelvis noma imilenze yakho njengomshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic; uma ungaphansi kwemoto, ama-flange esondo ensimbi anqamula izitho ngaphansi kwesigamu somzuzwana.
2. Uma unesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo noma somlilo esivinjwe isitimela esimile: shayela ku-911 KUQALA futhi utshele ohambisa umgwaqo ukuthi ukuwela ujantshi okuqondile kuvinjwe isitimela esimile. Ungalokothi uzame ukushayela uzungeze amasango awelayo awehlisiwe endaweni yokuwela amathrekhi amaningi noma ulinde buthule uhambisane nesiguli esifayo esihlalweni sakho somgibeli. Shayela ku-911 (noma 112 / 999) ngokushesha bese uthi: "Sinesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo esisongela ukuphila [isimo sezwe] esivaleleke ohlangothini [eNyakatho/eNingizimu/eMpumalanga/eNtshonalanga] lomgwaqo ovinjiwe owela umzila wesitimela e-[Igama Lomgwaqo]." Isikhungo sokuthunyelwa kwe-911 singakwazi kanyekanye:
3. Thumela i-ambulensi noma injini yesiteshi sezicishamlilo emi eceleni kwakho kwamathrekhi (noma isuka edolobheni elingumakhelwane elisiza umphakathi ohlangothini lwakho lwamathrekhi);
4. Ikuhambise noma i-ambulensi ikuyise emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka ohlukaniswe ibanga oseduze/ongaphansi**; noma
5. Thumela indiza enophephela emhlane yezokwelapha (Medevac)** uma umgwaqo wakho uyinhlonhlo engasekho enqanyulwa amathrekhi.
6. Thola i-Blue Metal "Isistimu Yezaziso Eziphuthumayo (ENS)" Sayina isango eliwela isango noma i-crossbuck bese ushayela Inombolo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo engu-24/7 ephrintiwe kuyo. Zonke izindawo eziwela umgwaqo omkhulu nezizimele e-United States zidingeka ngokomthetho ukuba zibonise uphawu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (30 by 23 centimeters / 12 by 9 inches) kugxunyekwe kunsika yokukhanya okubenyezelayo, ibhokisi lesango, noma okuthunyelwe okuphambanayo nhlangothi zombili zamathrekhi. Funda izingcezu ezimbili zolwazi kuphawu oluluhlaza ku-opharetha wezimo eziphuthumayo zikaloliwe (kanye uye ku-911):
7. Inombolo Yocingo Yokuthunyelelwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo Ezingu-24/7 Kajantshi Wamahhala; futhi
8. I-6-Digits-Plus-1-Letter USDOT National Crossing Inventory Number (isibonelo, 123 456 A).
9. Uma i-ambulensi, injini yomlilo, noma isimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo silindile lapho kuwela khona, funa ukuthi i-Railroad Emergency Dispatcher iyalele abasebenzi besitimela ukuthi "Sika Ukuwela" (Split the Train) noma donsa uye phambili ngokushesha. Uma ushayela inombolo yophawu ye-ENS eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka mayelana nesimo esiphuthumayo esisebenzayo sokuphepha kwempilo, klzzwxh:0058 isebeisa imephu ye-GPS exhunywe ku-ID yokuwela izinhlamvu eziyi-7 umsakazo unjiniyela wesitimela ngaphakathi kwekhebhu phakathi amasekhondi angu-30. Uma isitimela singakwazi ukuya phambili noma emuva ngamamitha angu-200 (amafidi angu-650) ukuze sisuse itiyela, unjiniyela uyasihambisa ngokushesha; uma isitimela sikhutshaziwe, umqhubi uyahamba abuyele emuva ayoqaqa iphinikhodi ("cut the crossing") bese edonsa ingxenye engaphambili ukuze uvule igebe le-ambulensi.
10. Uma imoto yakho imile Emzileni (noma ivaleleke phakathi kwamasango ehlisiwe) isitimela simile noma sisondela: PHUMA ESIKHATHINI MASHESHA, susa amamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100) nge-engeli engama-degree angu-45 ubheke lapho isitimela sisuka ngakhona, bese ushayela Inombolo Yophawu Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ENS kuqala, bese u-911. Imoto emile ukuze iqale kabusha umzila wesitimela. Uma isango eliwelayo lehla ngemva kwemoto yakho, shayela uqonde kwi-fiberglass/ ingalo yesango lokhuni: izingalo zokuwela zenziwa ngama-shear-bolts angasindi ukuze imoto evaleleke ikwazi ukudlula kuzo ngaphandle kokubambeka.
11. Uma isitimela esimile sivimba ukuwela amahora ngaphandle kwesimo esiphuthumayo esiqhubekayo, sibike ku-Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Iphothali Yokuwela Evinjiwe Yomphakathi ku fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings. Nakuba ukubika kuphothali ye-FRA akusihambisi isitimela ngesikhathi sangempela, abalawuli bakahulumeni basebenzisa imibiko ye-Crosing ID efakwe isitembu sesikhathi ukuze bakhombe izindawo eziminyanisayo ezingapheli futhi babeke phambili uhulumeni Railroad Crossing Elimination (RCE) izibonelelo ezingaphezulu.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: Ukuvivinya isimo esiphuthumayo esivinjiwe sokuwela ujantshi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Isitimela Esimile Esivimba Ukuwela Umgwaqo (Noma Imoto Imile Kumathrekhi)"] --> HazardType{"Siyini isimo esiphuthumayo lapho kuwela?"}

    HazardType -->|"1. Imoto Imiswe Kumathrekhi noma Ivaleleke Phakathi Kwamasango"| StalledCar["UKUPHUMA OKUSHESHAYO KWE-TRACK: Shayela ngengalo yesango uma uvaleleke; uma imoto ingavumi ukuhamba, phuma ku-30 m (100 ft) nge-engeli engu-45-degree ubheke esitimeleni esizayo futhi ushayele Inombolo Yophawu Oluluhlaza ENS KUQALA."]

    HazardType -->|"2. Ezokwelapha, Zomlilo, noma Isimo Esiphuthumayo Samaphoyisa Sinqanyulwe Isitimela Esimisiwe"| MedicalEmergency["I-EMERGENCY BYPASS & TRAIN-SPLIT PROTOCOL: Shayela ku-911 ukuze ukhiphe i-EMS esuka kolunye uhlangothi lwamathrekhi, shayela Inombolo Yokusayina EBlue ENS ene-7-Character Crossing ID, futhi funa abasebenzi 'Cut the Crossing'"]

    HazardType -->|"3. Umgibeli Ongeyena Owezimo Eziphuthumayo / Ohamba ngezinyawo Uvinjwe Amahora"| NonEmergency["I-REROUTE EPHEPHILE NOKUBIKWA KWE-FEDERAL: UNGALOKOTHI ugaqe ngaphansi kwezimoto noma ugibele ama-couplers, UNGALOKOTHI ushayele eduze kwamasango ezimpambanweni zamathrekhi amaningi, kanye nokuvinjwa kwelogi ku-fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings"]

Isigaba 1: Uyifunda kanjani i-Blue "Emergency Notification System (ENS)" Sayina futhi uxhumane nomthumeli wesitimela kumasekhondi angu-30¶

Abashayeli abaningi bahlala kujantshi wesitimela owela izikhathi ezingamakhulu bengaboni uphawu lwensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluboshwe endaweni yesibani esikhanyayo noma indlela yesango. Kugunyazwe yi-Federal Railroad Administration (FRA, 49 CFR Ingxenye 234 Ingxenye Encane E)* kuzo zonke izindawo eziwela umphakathi nezizimele e-United States (futhi zifanekiselwa Isigaba Semithetho Yezinga Lezokuwela ICanada Yezokuthutha Canada 107 e-Canada kanye namapuleti okuwela i-Network Rail e-UK), lolo phawu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isixhumanisi sefoni ebomvu eqondile kumzila* wesitimela *Isikhungo Sokulawula Ukuthumela Isitimela

Kungani Ubiza I-Blue ENS I-Sign Ishesha Kunokuba Ushayele U-911 Wedwa Ukuze Ume noma Uhambise Isitimela¶

Uma udayela u-911* bese utshela umthumeli wesifunda ukuthi "Kunesitimela esivimba u-Main Street," u-opharetha we-911 akanalo induku yokudlala exhunywe esitimeleni: kufanele babheke ukuthi yimuphi ujantshi ongumnikazi walawo mathrekhi, bashayele ideski likazwelonke likaloliwe, bese bezama ukuchaza "Umgwaqo Omkhulu e-Springfield" (lapho kunamadolobha ase-Springfield angu-34).

Uma ufunda Blue ENS Sayina ngokuqondile: 1. I-ID enezinhlamvu eziyisi-7 USDOT yokuwela (6 Numbers + 1 Letter, isb., 246 810 B) Ingabe Iphinikhodi ye-GPS Eyingqayizivele: - Ngokushesha lapho ufunda lezo zinombolo eziyi-6 kanye nencwadi engu-1 ku-opharetha wezimo eziphuthumayo zikaloliwe (noma unikeze leyo nombolo ngqo ku-911 dispatcher yakho ukuze bakwazi ukuyidlulisela), isikrini sekhompuyutha kajantshi wesitimela sigqamisa ngokuqondile umugqa wetiyela wamamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10)**, sibonisa zonke izitimela phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-30 (amamayela angu-20), bese sivula isiteshi somsakazo esingena ngaphambili. 2. Izinombolo Zokuthutha Eziphuthumayo Zekilasi Lokuqala I-24/7 (eNyakatho Melika nakwamanye amazwe): - Nakuba kufanele uhlale ufunda inombolo ethile ephrintiwe ophawini oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho uwela khona, nazi izikhungo eziqondile zokuthunyelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ezingama-24/7 zomzila wesitimela omkhulu wezimpahla nabagibeli:

Isigaba 2: Kanjani "Ukusika Ukuwela" (Splitting a Stopped Train) isebenza uma i-ambulensi ivaleleke¶

Uma isitimela sempahla esingamakhilomitha angu-3 (amamayela angu-2) simiswa ngaphesheya komgwaqo omkhulu ngenxa yokuphuka kwemishini, isignali yebhulokhi ebomvu ngaphambili, noma umthetho wenhlangano Hours of Service Act (49 U.S.C. Chapter 211) ukuphelelwa isikhathi kwabasebenzi ("ukugijima," lapho unjiniyela nokhondaktha befinyelele umkhawulo wabo oyisibopho wokushayela osemthethweni wamahora angu-12 futhi benqatshelwe umthetho wenhlangano ekunyakazeni isitimela kuze kufike ithimba losizo ngeveni), zidlula kanjani izimoto eziphuthumayo?

Izisombululo Ezi-3 Zokusebenza Ezisetshenziswa Izikhulu Zomlilo kanye Nabathutha Umzila Wesitimela¶

1. Inketho 1: Abasebenzi Besitimela Badonsela Phambili noma Bahlehle Ngamamitha ayi-150 (2 to 4 Minutes):
2. Uma isitimela sisagcwele izisebenzi ezisebenzayo ezinengcindezi yebhuleki yomoya kanye nesikhala segunya lokulandelela ngaphambili noma ngemuva, i-Railroad Chief Dispatcher inikeza imvume ephuthumayo ukuze unjiniyela adonsele phambili noma adudule abuyele emuva kude ngokwanele ukuze asuse ukuwela umgwaqo.
3. Inketho 2: "Ukusika Ukuwela" / Ukuqaqa Isitimela (10 to 20 Minutes):
4. Uma isitimela siside kakhulu ukuthi singadonsa ngaphandle kokuwela ngaphandle kokuvimba ukushintshwa komugqa omkhulu ngaphambili, i-Railroad Dispatcher iyala abasebenzi ukuthi "basike ukuwela" (make a cut):
   1. Ukhondaktha uhamba phansi nge-ballast esuka ku-locomotive cab ukuya emgwaqeni omkhulu owela umgwaqo;
   2. Ivala amaqhude e-"air-brake angle" acindezelweyo** ezimotweni ezimbili zikaloliwe ezihlezi nhlangothi zombili zomgwaqo;
   3. Isetha imanuwali amabhuleki esandla esisikeni sangemuva sezimoto ukuze zingakwazi ukugingqika;
   4. Iphakamisa insimbi isibambo esiqaqa (cut lever) ukuze uvule iphinikhodi ye-knuckle coupler; futhi
   5. Imisakazo unjiniyela ukuze adonse ingxenye engaphambili yesitimela phambili ngamamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100), evula umgwaqo wetiyela we-ambulensi elindile noma injini yomlilo.
5. Inketho yesi-3: I-Mutual-Aid "I-Cross-Track Ambulance Relay" noma i-Helicopter Medevac (Fastest When Crew Is Unreachable):
6. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-2 (amamayela angu-1.2) ubuya enqoleni yesitimela eqhweni elijulile noma ebumnyameni ukuze uqaqe isitimela mathupha kuthatha amaminithi angu-15 kuya kwangu-25*, iminyango yomlilo neye-EMS ayi ilindile emzileni ngesikhathi sokuboshwa inhliziyo, unhlangothi, noma ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu:
7. I-Mutual-Aid Dispatch: Isikhungo se-911 ngokushesha sithumela i-ambulensi noma injini yomlilo esiteshini esivele sisehlangothini elivaleleke lamathrekhi (noma ukusuka edolobheni elingumakhelwane ngaphesheya komugqa wesifunda).
8. I-Patient Litter Relay (KUPHELA Ngemva kokuthi I-Railroad Dispatcher Iqinisekisa Isitimela Sikhiyiwe Ngaphandle / Sivikelwe "Nge-Red Zone / Track Protection"): Ezimweni eziphuthumayo zenhlonhlo lapho ingekho imoto engafinyelela kolunye uhlangothi, uMkhuzi Wesigameko Somlilo uthintana Nomphathi Wezitimela Umphathi Wesitimela ukuze abeke okusemthethweni **Ithrekhi & Isikhathi / I-Blue-Flag Injini Yomlilo nge-Lock Out Lock yesitimela njalo ungene ku-ballast.

Isigaba sesi-3: I-anatomy yemishini yemoto yesitimela: kungani ukugibela phezu kwe-coupler noma ukukhasa ngaphansi kwamasondo kuwugibe lokufa¶

Abantu abangakaze basebenze kojantshi besitimela babheka igebe phakathi kwezinqola ezimbili ezipakiwe noma izimoto zamathange bese becabanga: "Kukhona ibha yensimbi ebanzi exhuma izimoto ezimbili ngeplatifomu encane, ngingakwazi ukuyinyathela ngamasekhondi angu-2."

Yingakho abasebenzi bakwaloliwe benqatshelwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwe-federal FRA Imithetho Yokuphepha Yasemsebenzini (49 CFR Part 218) kusukela ekunyatheleni i-coupler noma ukukhasa ngaphansi kwemoto ngaphandle kwamaswishi akhiyiwe nokuvikelwa kwefulegi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:

1. Igiya Elisalungiswa Elimisiwe (Telescoping Sill Crush Zone):
2. Izimoto zesimanje ezithwala impahla, ikakhulukazi amabhokisi, ama-autoracks, nezimoto eziyisicaba ezithwala impahla entekenteke, zifakwe amayunithi okugcina emoto e-hydraulic (sliding center sills) ngemva kwequpha le-coupler elishelela amasentimitha angu-38 ukuya kwangu-50 (amayintshi angu-15 ukuya kwangu-20) phakathi ohlakeni lwemoto lapho ishayiswa.
3. Uma unyathela ku-coupler shank noma ubeka isandla sakho phezu kwepuleti lensimbi ukuze uzikhulise phakathi kwezimoto ezimbili ngesikhathi igagasi elixegayo lehla esitimeleni, i-coupler telescopes amasentimitha angu-45 (amayintshi angu-18) iqonde ngqo endaweni yensimbi 225 metric tons (500,000 pounds) wanoma yimaphi amandla acindezelayo, ayicindezela.
4. Amafutha ashelelayo, amabhuleki, kanye ne-Tripping Ballast Ngaphansi Kwemoto:
5. Ngaphansi kwenqola yesitimela kuhlezi i-maze yokulenga okuphansi ama-air-brake reservoir anomfutho, izinti zokubopha amabhuleki amade, amaketango, namavalvu akhipha amanzi aphansi amasentimitha angu-25 ukuya kwangu-40 (amayintshi angu-10 ukuya kwangu-16) ngaphezu okucijile, okuguquguqukayo kwethrekhi ye-granite ye-ballast.
6. Okubi nakakhulu, lapho amabhuleki omoya ededelwa noma esebenza eqhelile kusukela kunqolobane yesitimela ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-3, ​​amabhuleki* ensimbi engaphansi kwemoto ahlwitha ngamandla emaceleni ngaphansi kuka-620 kPa (90 psi) wokucindezela kwesilinda somoya** ngisho nangaphambi kokuba amasondo ajike, ashaye noma aphine noma ubani ocashe ngaphansi kwemoto.
7. Kungani Ungeke "Uvele Uvele Ucace" Uma Uzwa Izimoto Ezihamba Ngayo:
8. Isenzo esixegayo sihamba ngesitimela esithwala impahla njengomugqa wama-dominoes awayo ku-*45 kuya ku-85 amamitha ngesekhondi (150 kuya ku-280 amafidi ngomzuzwana)**. Ngesikhathi indlebe yakho izwa i-metallic "BANG-BANG-BANG" yama-couplers ashaya izimoto ezintathu kude nawe, usune ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-0.25 ngaphambi kokuba imoto engaphezulu kwekhanda lakho igxume amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) phansi ethrekhi, ngokushesha kunesikhathi sokusabela kwe-neuromuscular yomuntu (0.5 to 0.75 seconds).

Isigaba 4: Kungani amaphoyisa endawo evame ENGAKWAZI ithikithi lesitimela sokuvimba indawo ewelayo (Federal Preemption), nokuthi idolobha lakho lingenzani¶

Ukukhungatheka okuvamile kwezakhamuzi nezimeya zendawo kuyabuza: "Isifunda sethu sinomthetho othi isitimela asikwazi ukuvala umgwaqo womphakathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 noma engu-15: kungani isikhulu samaphoyisa endawo singababophi abasebenzi besitimela noma singahlawulisi ujantshi wesitimela?"

1. I-Federal Preemption Ngaphansi Kwe-ICCTA (49 U.S.C. Section 10501(b)) kanye ne-FRSA (49 U.S.C. Section 20106):
2. Ezinqumweni eziningi zeNkantolo Ephakeme yombuso kanye neyezifundazwe kulo lonke elase-United States, izinkantolo zibambe ukuthi imithetho yesifunda nekamasipala ekhawulela ukuthi isitimela singavimba isikhathi esingakanani lapho siwela khona (ngokuvamile okuyimizuzu engu-5, 10, noma engu-15) inqunyelwe uhulumeni (inqunywa njengokungaphoqeleleki) nguMthetho wokunqanyulwa kwekhomishana yezohwebo phakathi kwezwe (Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act)ICCTA)* kanye ne-*Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA)**, ngoba ukuphoqa isitimela ukuthi sihambe ngokushesha noma sihlukane kulawula ukusebenza kwezitimela ezimaphakathi nezifunda kanye nemithetho yokuphepha kwamabhuleki emoyeni agodliwe kuhulumeni wobumbano kuphela.
3. Izixazululo Ezibili Ezisebenzayo Ezisebenza Komakhelwane Abavinjwe Ngokungapheli:
4. 1. "Izinzwa Ezivinjiwe Eziwela" Ezizenzakalelayo Ixhunywe ku-911 CAD Dispatch: Amadolobha amaningi ahlukaniswe amaphasishi amatasatasa afake izinzwa ezingabizi i-radar/optical crossing-occupancy sensor endaweni ngayinye ewela ujantshi ephakela idatha ebukhoma ngqo 911 I-Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) imephu yomzila. Noma nini lapho isitimela sivimba u-A, isofthiwe ye-911 GPS imizila ngokuzenzakalelayo ephendula ama-ambulensi nezinjini zokucima umlilo phezu kwendawo evulekile e-Crosing B, okonga imizuzu emi-4 ukuya kweyi-8 yokuhlehla okubulalayo phakathi nezingcingo zokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
5. 2. Ukufaka Imibiko Yomphakathi Eningi ku-FRA Blocked Crossing Portal (fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings): Lapho izakhamuzi nezinduna zempi zendawo zifaka phakathi ukuvinjwa kwamahora amaningi zisebenzisa i-ID enezinhlamvu ezingu-7 USDOT Crossing, uhulumeni wakho kamasipala angasebenzisa leyo dathasethi esemthethweni yombuso ukuze awine izigidi zamadola USDOT / FRA Railroad Crossing Elimination (RCE) Izibonelelo (49 U.S.C. Section 22909) ukwakha unomphela onguthelawayeka odlula noma ongaphansi.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani kufanele ngishayele inombolo Yophawu Oluluhlaza Lwe-ENS esiteshini sikaloliwe NGAPHAMBI kokufonela u-911 uma imoto yami igibele kujantshi?¶

Uma imoto yakho inamathela noma ibhajwe kujantshi wesitimela, isitimela sezimpahla esisondelayo esihamba amakhilomitha angu-90 ngehora (55 mph) sithatha ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-1.6 (imayela eli-1 eligcwele, noma izinkundla zebhola eziyi-18) ukuze zime NGEMVA kokuthi unjiniyela edonsa ibhuleki eliphuthumayo. Uma ushayela ku-911 kuqala, u-opharetha wesifunda 911 kufanele athole ukuthi iyiphi inkampani yesitimela ephethe ithrekhi, abheke izinombolo zakhe zocingo, ashayele umzila wesitimela, bese uzama ukuchaza ukuthi ukumuphi umgwaqo, umzila odluliswayo othatha imizuzu emi-3 ukuya kweyisi-6, ngaleso sikhathi isitimela sesivele sishayise imoto yakho. Ngokuphambene, ukushayela inombolo yocingo engu-24/7 ephrintwe ku-Blue ENS Sign lapho uwela khona kukuxhuma ngqo ku-Train Dispatcher kaloliwe ngemizuzwana engu-15: ngenkathi ufunda i-ID yokuwela yezinhlamvu ezi-6-digit-plus-1 ye-USDOT kulolo phawu, umthumeli ubeka isitobhi esiphuthumayo esiphuthumayo esisakazwa kuso sonke isitimela esikuleyo threkhi.

Uma imoto yami ikukujantshi futhi isitimela siza ngakimi, kungani ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bethi NGIYAKUQHUBEKA nesitimela esiza nge-engeli engu-45 degree?¶

Kuzwakala kungenangqondo ukuhamba noma ukugijima ngendlela ejwayelekile yesitimela esizayo, kodwa kuyi-physics emsulwa: lapho isitimela esingamathani angu-15,000 sishayisa imoto emile noma iloli ngamakhilomitha angu-80 ngehora (50 mph), imoto iqhuma ibe ama-shrapnel ensimbi endizayo, ingilazi, kanye nezingxenye zenjini ezijikijelwa ngendlela efanayo ne-baseball ishaya PHAMBILI. ngelulwane). Uma ubalekela isitimela wehla ngamathrekhi noma uhlale uhambisana nomzila wesitimela lapho isitimela sihamba khona, izingozi endizayo zemoto yakho zizokushaya ngemuva. Ukubaleka amathrekhi nge-engeli engu-45-degree ubuyela lapho isitimela sisuka khona kukubeka ngokuphepha ngemuva kwephuzu lomthelela futhi uphume kukhoni yemfucumfucu eya phambili.

Kuthiwani uma amasango awelayo ebambeke phansi futhi izibani zikhanya imizuzu engu-20, kodwa ASIKHO isitimela esibonakalayo?¶

Ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi amasiginali "aphukile nje" bese ushayela eduze kwamasango ehlisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona amathrekhi amabili noma ngaphezulu noma ijika eduze. Amasango okuwela umzila kaloliwe asebenza kumjikelezo kagesi wethrekhi evaliwe "ehlulekayo": uma ujantshi unqamuka, ucingo lunqanyulwa, ithimba labalungisayo lisebenza phansi kolayini, noma isitimela esikude siyasondela, amasango aziwisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Esikhundleni sokushayela uzungeze amasango, donsa ngokuphepha, uhambe uye endaweni yokuwela ukuze ufunde Uphawu Oluluhlaza Lwe-ENS, bese ushayela Inombolo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo engu-24/7 Railroad Emergency ID enezinhlamvu eziyisi-7 ukuze ubike "Idivayisi Esebenzayo Yesexwayiso Engasebenzi (49 CFR Ingxenye 234)." Umthumeli wesitimela angakutshela ocingweni ukuthi isitimela siyasondela futhi uzothumela ngokushesha umgcini wesignali kanye nephoyisa lendawo ukuze lihlabe umkhosi ithrafikhi ngokuphepha empambanweni yomgwaqo.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi eCanada isitimela sinqatshelwe ngokomthetho ukuvala umgwaqo owela umgwaqo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5?¶

Yebo. Ngokungafani ne-United States, lapho izinkantolo zombuso ziye zeqa kakhulu imikhawulo yesikhathi yezwe ekuweleni okuvinjiwe, i-Canada inomthethonqubo wenhlangano ongasebenziseka ngaphansi kweSigaba 97 se-Transport Canada Grade Crossings Regulations (SOR/2014-275). Ngaphansi kweSigaba 97(1), akuvumelekile ukuthi impahla kaloliwe ishiywe imi endaweni okuwela kuyo, noma ukuze kushintshwe imisebenzi ezokwenziwa, ngendlela evimbela ukuwela ibanga lomphakathi, okuhlanganisa nokuvula izingalo zesango, isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5 lapho isiminyaminya sezimoto noma sabahamba ngezinyawo silinde ukuwela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kweSigaba 97(2), uma imoto yezimo eziphuthumayo (i-ambulensi, abezicishamlilo, noma amaphoyisa) idinga ukuwela indawo yokuwela ibanga eCanada, izisebenzi zikaloliwe kufanele zithathe isinyathelo esisheshayo sokususa indawo ewelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimiswe isikhathi esifushane kangakanani.

Ngingakwazi ukuhamba NGIYAZUZA ngaphambili impela kwesitimela esima noma ngemuva kwemoto yokugcina uma ngihlala amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) ukusuka?¶

Cha. Ungalokothi uhambe kumathrekhi phakathi kwamamitha angu-15 (amafidi angu-50) ukusuka ekhaleni langaphambili lesitimela esimisiwe noma i-coupler engemuva yemoto yokugcina ("i-EOT / End-of-Train device"). Okokuqala, unjiniyela wesitimela ohlezi endaweni engamamitha angu-4.5 (amafidi angu-15) ukuphakama kukhebhu unendawo eyimpumputhe enkulu enweba amamitha angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 (amafidi angu-35 kuya kwangu-50) ngokuqondile phambi kwekhala lensimbi lensimbi yeqhwa futhi akakwazi ukubona umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo enyathela ojantshi. Okwesibili, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla kwesexwayiso se-Slack Action, imoto engemuva yesitimela esimisiwe ingahlehla ngobudlova amamitha angu-3 ukuya kwangu-5 (amafidi ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16) ngaphansi kwesigamu sesekhondi lapho intimela ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-3 ibamba ukudelela ukuze iqale ukuhamba. Weqa kuphela endaweni emisiwe yokuwela umphakathi ngemva kokuba isitimela sesiyisusile yonke impambana-mgwaqo futhi namasango asephakame ngokugcwele nezibani ziyekile ukubanika.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukuvalwa kwebhuloho, ukuvalwa kwezikebhe, kanye nenkinga yokuhlinzekwa kwesiqhingi esisodwa noma inhlonhlo
• Ukuqhuma kwesitshalo samakhemikhali, ukonakala kwezitimela, kanye ne-shelter-in-place seal
• Ukucima kokuthunyelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kwe-911, ukucinywa kocingo lwesifunda, kanye nokungena kwesiteshi somlilo
• Ukuphuka kwezimoto nokuphepha komgwaqo onguthelawayeka
• Izinombolo eziphuthumayo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• I-Federal Railroad Administration (FRA / U.S. Umnyango Wezokuthutha): 49 CFR Ingxenye 234 Ingxenye Engaphansi E (Izinhlelo Zezaziso Eziphuthumayo / Izimpawu Ze-ENS Eziluhlaza Eziku-Highway-Rail Grade Crossings), Isizindalwazi Sedatha Se-National Crossing Inventory, kanye ne-FRA Public Blocked Crossing Reporting Portal (fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings).
• ** Ukusebenza kwe-Lifesaver (oli.org, US, Canada, UK, & International Rail Safety Education)**: Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Survival Protocols: The Physics of Freight Train Slack Action, Stopping Distance, Multi-Track "Second Train" Traps, kanye 45-Degree Stalled Vehicle Evacuation.
• I-Transport Canada, I-Rail Safety Directorate: Imithetho Yokuwela Ibanga (SOR/2014-275, Isigaba 97: Umkhawulo Wamaminithi angu-5 Oyisibopho Ezitimeleni Ezimile Ezivimba Ukuwela Umphakathi kanye Negunya Lokusulwa Ngokushesha Kwezimoto Eziphuthumayo; Isigaba 107: Izimpawu Zesaziso Esiphuthumayo).
• I-U.S. Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Lokuziphendulela (i-GAO) kanye Nenkonzo Yokucwaninga Nge-Congressional: Ukuphepha Kokuwela Umzila Wesitimela: Ukuhlola Ukubambezeleka Kwezimoto Eziphuthumayo Ekuweleni Kwebanga Elivinjelwe kanye Nokukhululwa Kwe-Federal Ngaphansi Kwe-ICCTA (49 U.S.C. Section 10501(b)) kanye ne-FRSA (49 U.S.C. Section 20106).
• I-Network Rail ne-UK Office of Rail and Road (ORR): Isiqondiso Sokuphepha Kwabasebenzisi Sokweqa Izinga kanye Nezinqubo Eziphuthumayo Zocingo Zesiginali Eqondile.