Yakamisa Chitima Chekutakura Kuvharisa Nzira Yekukurumidzira: Nei Usingafaniri Kukambaira Pasi peMota dzeChitima¶

Kuvharirwa mumotokari yako kana netsoka kuseri kwechitima chihombe, chisingafambe chakavharisa njanji yeguta rako kuyambuka kwemaawa maviri, kana kuona kuti amburenzi, injini yemoto, kana mota yako yakatakura nhengo yemhuri iri mukushanda nesimba, anaphylaxis, kana kushushikana kwemoyo inogurwa ne3-mamita-kureba (2-mamaira yekutakura madziro emota-yakareba maira-yakareba makiromita-yakareba). dambudziko. Pasi pemazuva ano "Precision Yakarongwa Railroading (PSR)" mashandiro muNorth America yese, zvitima zvinotakura zvinhu zvinogara zvakatambanudzwa ** 2.5 kusvika 4.5 makiromita (1.5 kusvika 3 mamaira) kureba (150 kusvika 250+ mota)**, inodarika kureba kwenjanji inodarika masidhi uye kumanikidza zvitima kuti zvigare zvakafa pamagiredhi makuru ekuyambuka kwemaawa uchimirira kuchinjika kwemhepo, kuputika kwemhepo, kugadzirisa kwemhepo. Vakatarisana nechitima chinyararire chisati chafamba masendimita mumaminetsi makumi mana neshanu, vanofamba netsoka vakagumbuka, vana vechikoro vari kufamba kuenda kumba, uye vanomira vachitya vanogaroita chikanganiso chinouraya: vanokwira pamusoro pemakona esimbi pakati pemota mbiri dzenjanji kana kukambaira nepasi pekariji kuti vasvike kune rimwe divi.

Kukwira pakati, pamusoro, kana pasi pechitima chakamira chekutakura zvinhu, kunyangwe chinoratidzika chakavharwa zvachose pasina chitima chinoonekwa kwemamaira, chinouraya uye kudimbura mazana evanhu gore rega rega nekuda kwechisimba chemagetsi fizikisi chiitiko chinozivikanwa se ** "Train Slack Action" (Free Slack). Yese yekutakura mota inotakura ine 15 kusvika 30 masendimita (6 kusvika 12 inches) ye cushioned mechanical play. Mhiri kwechitima chemotokari zana nemakumi mashanu, icho chinowedzera kusvika kupfuura 30 metres (100 tsoka) yezvese mechanical slack. Kana locomotive makiromita matatu (2 mamaira) kubva kure ichiburitsa mabhureki ayo kana kukwenya throttle, nyanga yelocomotive hainzwike pakuyambuka kwako, asi supersonic shockwave inofamba ichidzika nemotokari dzesimbi pa 150 kusvika 300 makiromita paawa (95 kusvika 185 mph) , zvichiita kuti chitima chimire chemamita gumi nenhatu kuenda mberi kwako (56 mph) kuenda mberi kwako. kana kumashure muchidimbu chesekondi ine zero yambiro. Panzvimbo pekuisa panjodzi yekugurwa kana kufa, mutemo wemubatanidzwa (49 CFR Section 234.309) inoisa ** yebhuruu inoratidzira Emergency Notification System (ENS) sign ** pane imwe neimwe njanji yekuyambuka chiteshi muUnited States: kufonera iyo 24/7 njanji inotumira nhamba yefoni uye kuverenga ** 7-unhu USDOT Crossing Inventory Number ** inokubatanidza iwe zvakananga kune njanji Mukuru Dispatcher, anogona kuraira vashandi vechitima kuti ** "cheka kuyambuka" (split the train)** yeamburenzi kana kudzosera vanopindura zvechimbichimbi kunzvimbo yakavhurika.

(Kune nharaunda dzekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe dzakagurwa nebhiriji kana kuvharwa kwechikepe, ona Kuvharwa kwebhiriji, kuvharwa kwechikepe, uye chitsuwa chiri chega kana peninsula dambudziko rekupa. Zvekumisikidza kwemakemikari chitima kune njodzi, ona Kuputika kwechirimwa chemakemikari, kuparara kwechitima, uye pekugara-mu-nzvimbo chisimbiso, uye chengeta yedu nhamba dze emergency bhuku rakanyorwa.)

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. USAFAMBA uchikambaira pasi penjanji yakamira, uye USAFUNGA kukwira pamusoro pezvitima zvenjanji pakati pezvitima zviviri, kwete kunyange kwemasekonzi matatu. Mota yekutakura yakanyarara inogona kusveta mamita matatu (mafiti gumi) pakarepo pasina kuridza hwamanda sezvo mabhureki emhepo anobuda kana kuti kuita zvishoma nezvishoma kuchidzika muchitima. Kana iwe uri kutsika-tsika necoupler kana slack wave yarova, iyo telescoping hydraulic draft giya uye simbi knuckles inopwanya chiuno chako kana makumbo se hydraulic press; kana iwe uri pasi pemotokari, simbi yevhiri flanges inogura makumbo nemaoko mukati isingasviki hafu yesekondi.
2. Kana uine njodzi yekurapa kana yemoto yakavharwa nechitima chakamira: fonera 911 KUTANGA uye udza mushambadzi kuti chaiyo yekuyambuka njanji yakavharwa nechitima chakamira. Usamboedza kutyaira uchitenderedza akadzikisa masuwo ekuyambuka pane akawanda-track kuyambuka kana kumirira wakanyarara mumutsara nemurwere ari kufa ari pachigaro chako chemufambi. Fonera 911 (kana 112 / 999) nekukasika uti: "Tine dambudziko rehutano rinotyisidzira hupenyu [mamiriro ezvinhu] akavharirwa kudivi re[North/South/East/West] yenjanji yakavharika inoyambuka pa[Street Name]." The 911 dispatch centre inogona panguva imwe chete:
3. Tumira amburenzi kana chiteshi chemoto injini yakamira ** parutivi rwako rwemakwara ** (kana kubva kune yakavakidzana mutual-aid dhorobha parutivi rwako rwemakwara);
4. Kufambisa iwe kana amburenzi kuenda kupedyo ** giredhi-yakapatsanurwa mugwagwa mukuru overpass / underpass **; kana
5. Tumira ** helikopta yekurapa (Medevac)** kana mugwagwa wako uri peninsula yakafa yakagurwa nemakwara.
6. ** Tsvaga iyo Blue Metal "Emergency Notification System (ENS)" Saina paburi regedhi rekuyambuka kana kuti danda remuchinjika wofonera 24/7 Railroad Emergency Number yakadhindwa pairi.** Kuyambuka giredhi yese yeruzhinji neyakavanzika muUnited States inodiwa zviri pamutemo kuratidza chikwangwani cheblue (30 by 23 centimeters / 12 by 9 inches) yakamisikidzwa pane inopenya-mwenje mast, gedhi bhokisi, kana crossbuck post pamativi ese ematiraki. Verenga zvimedu zviviri zveruzivo pachiratidzo chebhuruu kune njanji ye emergency emergency (uye ku911):
7. Iyo 24/7 Toll-Yemahara Railroad Emergency Dispatch Phone Number; uye
8. Iyo ** 6-Digits-Plus-1-Letter USDOT National Crossing Inventory Nhamba ** (semuenzaniso, 123 456 A)
9. ** Kana ambulensi, injini yemoto, kana dambudziko rezvokurapa rakamirira pakuyambuka, kumbira kuti Railroad Emergency Dispatcher iraire vashandi vechitima kuti "Cheka Kuyambuka" (Split the Train) kana kudhonzera mberi nekukasika.** Paunofonera nhamba yeblue ENS yerudzi rwechimbichimbi, njanji **Network Operations Center (NOC) Chitima Dispatcher ** inoshandisa GPS mepu yakabatana neiyo chaiyo 7-character Kuyambuka ID kuredhiyo injiniya welocomotive mukati mecab mukati me **masekondi makumi matatu **. Kana chitima chichigona kuenda mberi kana kumashure mamita 200 (650 feet) kubvisa asphalt, injiniya anoifambisa pakarepo; kana chitima chakaremara, kondakita anofamba achidzokera kunosunungura pini yepini ("cut the crossing") uye anodhonza hafu yepamberi kumberi kuti avhure gap kune amburenzi.
10. Kana motokari yako yakamira PAnjanji (kana kuti yakavharirwa pakati pemagedhi akadzikiswa) chitima chakamira kana kuti chichiuya: BUDA MUMOTA CHIPORIPO, fambisa 30 metres (100 feet) kure ne 45-degree angle yakananga kwainobva chitima, uye fonera Blue ENS Sign Number kutanga, wozoti 911. Motokari yakamiswa inoramba ichifamba mukati menjanji. Kana gedhi rekuyambuka richidzika kuseri kwemotokari yako, tyaira uchipfuura nepafiberglass/gedhi ruoko rwehuni: maoko ekuyambuka anogadzirwa nemabhaudhi asingaremekedzi kuitira kuti mota yakavharirwa ikwanise kusunda nepakati payo isina kunamira.
11. ** Kana chitima chakamira chiri kuvhara kuyambuka kwemaawa pasina emergency chiri kuitika, zviudze kuFederal Railroad Administration (FRA) Public Yakavharirwa Kuyambuka Portal pa fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings.** Nepo kuzivisa kune FRA portal hakufambise chitima munguva chaiyo, vatongi vehurumende vanoshandisa timestamped Crossing ID mishumo kuona zvisingaperi njanji inokachidza nzvimbo uye kuisa pamberi pemubatanidzwa Railroad Crossing Elimination (RCE) overpass grants.

Muti wesarudzo: Kuteya njanji yakavharika yekuyambuka emergency¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Yakamiswa Chitima Chekutakura Mitoro Kuvharira Roadway Kuyambuka (Kana Mota Yakamiswa paMatuki)"] --> HazardType{"Ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu aripo pakuyambuka?"}

    HazardType -->|"1. Motokari Yakamira PAMATracks kana Kuvharirwa Pakati Pemagedhi"| StalledCar["IMMEDIATE TRACK EVACUATION: Dhiraivha nepakati pegedhi ruoko kana wabatwa; kana mota isingafambe, buda 30 m (100 ft) pa45-degree angle wakananga kuchitima chiri kuuya uye fonera Blue ENS Sign Number PAKUTANGA."]

    HazardType -->|"2. Kurapa, Moto, kana Mapurisa Emergency Akachekwa NeChitima Chakamiswa"| MedicalEmergency["EMERGENCY BYPASS & TRAIN-SPLIT PROTOCOL: Fonera 911 kuti utumire EMS kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwema tracks, fonera Blue ENS Sign Number ine 7-Character Crossing ID, uye vanoda vashandi 'Cheka Kuyambuka'"]

    HazardType -->|"3. Asisiri-Emergency Commuter / Pedestrian Akavharirwa Kwemaawa"| NonEmergency["SAFE REROUTE & FEDERAL KUTAURA: Usambokambaira pasi pemotokari kana kukwira vaviri, USAFUNGA kutyaira uchitenderedza magedhi pane akawanda-track machinjiro, uye kuvharika kwelog pafra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings"]

Chikamu chekutanga: Maverengero eBlue "Emergency Notification System (ENS)" Saina uye ubate mutumwa wechitima mumasekonzi makumi matatu¶

Vatyairi vazhinji vanogara panjanji inoyambuka mazana enguva vasingaoni chiratidzo chesimbi yebhuruu chakabhaurirwa padanda rinopenya kana kuti gedhi. Yakarairwa ne Federal Railroad Administration (FRA, 49 CFR Chikamu 234 Subpart E) mhiri kwese kuyambuka veruzhinji uye kwakavanzika muUnited States (uye yakamisikidzwa ne Transport Canada Grade Crossings Regulations Chikamu 107 muCanada uye Network Rail crossing plates muUK), icho chiratidzo chebhuruu inzira yakananga dzvuku-foni chinongedzo muchinjanji *Chitima Kutumira Kudzora Center

Sei Kudana Blue ENS Chiratidzo Chinokurumidza Kupfuura Kufonera 911 Woga Kumira kana Kufambisa Chitima¶

Paunofona 911 woudza mutauriri wedunhu "Kune chitima chinovharira Main Street," mushandisi we911 haana danda remufaro rakabatana nechitima: vanofanirwa kutarisa kuti ndeipi njanji ine njanji idzo, fonera dhesiki renyika renjanji, uye edza kutsanangura "Main Street muSpringfield" (kana paine madhorobha makumi matatu nemana anonzi Springfield).

Paunoverenga ** Bhuruu ENS Saina ** zvakananga: 1. Iyo 7-Character USDOT Crossing ID (6 Numbers + 1 Letter, semuenzaniso, 246 810 B) Iyo Yakasarudzika GPS Pini: ** - Paunongoverenga iwo manhamba matanhatu netsamba imwe kune njanji ye emergency (kana kupa iyo nhamba chaiyo kune yako 911 dispatcher kuti vakwanise kuidzosera), skrini yekombuta yenjanji inoratidzira izvo chaizvo ** 3-mita (10-foot) tambo yeasphalt, inoratidza locomotive yega mukati memakiromita makumi matatu (20 mamaira) yakamira pamberi pechiteshi chechitima. 2. Makuru Kirasi I Railroad 24/7 Emergency Dispatch Nhamba (North America & International): - Nepo iwe uchifanira kugara uchiverenga nhamba chaiyo yakadhindwa pachiratidzo cheblue pakuyambuka kwako, heino yakananga 24/7 nzvimbo dzekukurumidzira dzekutumira njanji huru dzekutakura uye dzinotakura vanhu:

Chikamu 2: Sei "Kucheka Kuyambuka" (Splitting a Stopped Train) inoshanda kana amburenzi yabatwa¶

Kana chitima chekutakura makiromita matatu (maira maviri) chikamiswa mumugwagwa mukuru nekuda kwekuparara kwemuchina, chiratidzo chebhuroko dzvuku pamberi, kana mubatanidzwa Hours of Service Act (49 U.S.C. Chapter 211) crew-expiration ("hogging out," apo injiniya naconductor varova muganhu wavo wenguva ye12-hour federal legal driving limit uye vanorambidzwa nemutemo wehurumende kufambisa chitima kusvika boka rekuyamura vasvika nekoni), motokari dzechimbichimbi dzinopfuura sei?

Iyo 3 Operational Solutions Inoshandiswa neFire Chiefs uye Railroad Dispatchers¶

1. Sarudzo 1: Locomotive Crew Inodhonza Mberi kana Shoves Kumashure 150 Meter (2 to 4 Minutes):
2. Kana chitima chichiri kugarwa nevashandi vanoshingaira vane air-brake pressure uye track authority space mberi kana kumashure, Railroad Chief Dispatcher anopa mvumo yekukurumidzira kuti injiniya aswedere mberi kana kusundira kumashure kure zvakakwana kuti abvise nzira yekuyambuka.
3. Sarudzo 2: "Kucheka Kuyambuka" / Kusunungura Chitima (10 to 20 Minutes):
4. Kana chitima chakareba kuti chibude kunze kwekuyambuka pasina kuvhara mainline switch pamberi, Railroad Dispatcher inoraira vashandi kuti ** "kucheka kuyambuka" (make a cut)**:
   1. Kondakita anofamba achidzika ne ballast kubva ku locomotive cab kuenda ku highway crossing;
   2. Inovhara akamanikidzwa air-brake angle cocks pamota mbiri dzenjanji dzakagara kumativi ese emugwagwa;
   3. Seta bhuku mabhureki emaoko kumashure kwemota kuti isakwanise kuumburuka;
   4. Inosimudza simbi ** inosunungura lever (cut lever)** kuvhura knuckle coupler pin; uye
   5. Redhiyo injiniya kudhonzera hafu yekumberi yechitima mberi 30 metres (100 tsoka), kuvhura mugwagwa weasphalt we amburenzi yakamirira kana injini yemoto.
5. Sarudzo 3: Mutual-Aid "Cross-Track Ambulance Relay" kana Helicopter Medevac (Fastest When Crew Is Unreachable):
6. Nekuti kufamba makiromita maviri (1.2 mamaira) kudzoka kubva kune locomotive cab muchando chakadzika kana rima kuti usunungure chitima nemaoko zvinotora ** 15 kusvika 25 maminetsi **, madhipatimendi emoto uye EMS ** kwete ** kumirira akanyarara pamakwara panguva yekusungwa kwemoyo, sitiroko, kana kushungurudzika kukuru:
7. Mutual-Aid Dispatch: Nzvimbo ye911 inobva yatumira amburenzi kana injini yemoto kubva pachiteshi ** yatove padivi rakavharirwa manjanji ** (kana kubva kudhorobha rakavakidzana mhiri kwedunhu mutsara).
8. ** Murwere Litter Relay (CHETE Mushure meRailroad Dispatcher Inosimbisa Chitima Chakiyiwa Kunze / Kuchengetedzwa ne "Red Zone / Track Dziviriro"):** Mukunyanyisa kufa-kuguma kwepeninsula yekukurumidzira uko pasina mota inokwanisa kusvika kune rimwe divi, Mutungamiriri weChiitiko cheMoto anobata Railroad Chief Dispatcher kuti aise pamutemo ** Track & Nguva / Bhuruu-Flag kunze kweChitima chemoto. gara uchitsika pane ballast.

Chikamu chechitatu: Mechanical anatomy yemotokari yechitima: nei kukwira pamusoro pemaviri kana kukambaira pasi pemavhiri musungo werufu.¶

Vanhu vasati vamboshanda vachitenderera njanji vanotarisa mukaha uri pakati pemabhokisi maviri akapaka kana matangi mota vofunga kuti: "Pane simbi yakakura inobatanidza mota mbiri nepuratifomu diki, ndinogona kutsika pamusoro payo mumasekonzi maviri."

Ichi ndicho chikonzero vashandi venjanji vachirambidzwa zvachose pasi pe federal FRA Workplace Safety Rules (49 CFR Part 218) kubva pakumbotsika pa coupler kana kukambaira pasi pemota isina kukiiwa maswichi uye yeblue-flag dziviriro:

1. ** Cushioned Draft Gear (Telescoping Sill Crush Zone):**
2. Mota dzemazuvano dzinotakura zvinhu, kunyanya maboxcars, autoracks, uye flatcars dzinotakura zvinhu zvisina kusimba, dzine hydraulic end-of-car cushioning units (sliding center sills) kuseri kwecoupler knuckle inotsvedza 38 kusvika 50 centimeters (15 to 20 inches) mukati mufuremu yemota kana yarohwa.
3. Kana ukatsika pa coupler shank kana kuisa ruoko rwako parata yekurova simbi kuti usimudze pakati pemota mbiri panguva iyo mhepo inoyerera ichidzika muchitima, coupler inoona 45 centimita (18 inches) yakananga musimbi ine 225 metric tons (500,000 pounds) yecompressive force, ichipwanya pachiri.
4. Greesi rinotsvedza, Mabhureki tsvimbo, uye Kutsika Ballast Pasi peMota:
5. Pasi penjanji panogara mazenge akarembera ** akadzvanyidzirwa emhepo-brake reservoirs, longitudinal brake rigging rods, cheni, nemavharuvhu ekubudisira pasi** angori 25 kusvika 40 centimita (10 kusvika 16 inches) pamusoro wakapinza, anochinja akapwanyika-granite track ballast.
6. Zvakatonyanya, kana mabhureki emhepo achiburitswa kana kuisa kure kure kubva kulocomotive cab makiromita matatu kure, iyo ** yepasi-yemotokari mabhureki mabhureki anonyura nechisimba pasi pe620 kPa (90 psi) yepneumatic cylinder pressure** kunyangwe mavhiri asati atendeuka, achirova kana kubanira chero munhu akatsikitsira pasi pemotokari.
7. ** Nei Iwe Usingagone "Kungosvetuka Pachena" Kana Iwe Ukanzwa Mota Dzimba: **
8. Slack action inofamba nechitima chekutakura zvinhu kunge mutsara wedominoes iri kudonha pa 45 kusvika 85 metres pasekondi (150 kusvika 280 tsoka pasekondi). Nenguva iyo nzeve yako inonzwa simbi "BANG-BANG-BANG" yevaviri vanorovera mota nhatu kure newe, une ** isingasviki 0.25 seconds** mota isati yasvetuka 3 metres (10 feet) pasi penjanji, nekukurumidza kupfuura munhu neuromuscular reaction time (0.5 to 0.75 seconds)

Chikamu chechina: Nei mapurisa emunharaunda achiwanzo ACHITA tikiti renjanji yekuvharira kuyambuka (Federal Preemption), uye izvo guta rako rinogona kuita.¶

Kuodzwa mwoyo kunowanzoitwa nevagari vemo nemameya enzvimbo iri kubvunza kuti: "Nyika yedu ine mutemo unoti chitima hachikwanisi kuvhara mugwagwa wevoruzhinji kweanopfuura maminetsi gumi kana gumi nemashanu: nei mukuru wemapurisa eko asingasunge vashandi vechitima kana kubhadharisa njanji?"

1. ** Federal Preemption Pasi peICCTA (49 U.S.C. Section 10501(b)) uye FRSA (49 U.S.C. Section 20106)**:
2. Mumitongo yakawanda yemubatanidzwa nenyika dzeDare Repamusorosoro muUnited States, matare akati mitemo yehurumende neyekanzuru inodzikamisa kuti chitima chingavharisa kuyambuka nguva yakareba sei (kazhinji 5, 10, kana maminitsi gumi nemashanu) ** inomiririrwa nemubatanidzwa (yakarohwa isingaite)** ne Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act (ICCTA) uye Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA), nekuti kumanikidza chitima kuti chifambe nekukasira kana kutsemuka kunodzora mashandiro enjanji uye mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemabhureki emhepo inochengeterwa hurumende yemubatanidzwa chete.
3. **Dzidzo mbiri dzinoshanda dzinoshanda kune Vavakidzani Vakavharirwa Zvisingaperi **:
4. 1. Automated "Blocked-Crossing Sensors" Yakabatanidzwa ku911 CAD Dispatch: Mazana emaguta akapatsanurwa nemikoto inotakura zvinhu akaisa isingadhure ** radar/optical crossing-occupancy sensors ** pane imwe neimwe njanji inoyambuka inodyisa data mhenyu zvakananga mu **911 Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD) mepu yekufambisa **. Pese chitima pachinovhara Kuyambuka A, iyo 911 GPS software inozvifambisa nzira dzinodaira maamburenzi nedzinjini dzemoto pamusoro penzvimbo yakavhurika yekuyambuka B, ichichengetedza maminetsi mana kusvika masere ekudzokera kumashure panguva yekufona kwemoyo.
5. 2. Kuisa Misa Nharaunda Mishumo paFRA Yakavharirwa Kuyambuka Portal (fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings): Kana vagari nemadzishe emuno vanodzima moto vakaisa nguva yese yekuvharika kwemaawa akawanda vachishandisa 7-character USDOT Crossing ID, hurumende yako yekanzuru inogona kushandisa iyo yehurumende dataset kuhwina mamirioni emadhora mu USDOT / FRA Railroad Crossing Elimination (RCE) Zvipo (49 U.S.C. Section 22909) kuvaka mugwagwa mukuru unogara uri pamusoro kana pasi.

Nhamba dzenharaunda dzechimbichimbi uye zvirongwa zveagency¶

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Sei ndichifanira kufonera nhamba yeBlue ENS Sign pachiteshi chechitima NDISATI ndafonera 911 kana mota yangu yakamira munjanji?¶

Kana motokari yako ikamira kana kuti ikanamatira panjanji, chitima chinotakura zvinhu chiri kusvika chinofamba makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe paawa (55 mph) chinotora anopfuura makiromita 1.6 (maira 1 akazara, kana kuti nhandare dzenhabvu gumi nesere) kuti imire MUSHURE Injiniya adhonza bhureki rekukurumidzira. Kana iwe ukafonera 911 kutanga, iyo County 911 opareta anofanirwa kuona kuti ndeipi kambani yenjanji ine muridzi wenjanji, tarisa nhamba yavo yefoni, fonera njanji, uye edza kutsanangura kuti ndeupi mugwagwa wauri, relay inotora 3 kusvika 6 maminetsi, panguva iyo chitima chatorovera mumotokari yako. Sezvineiwo, kufonera 24/7 nhamba yefoni yakadhindwa paBlue ENS Sign pakuyambuka inokubatanidza iwe zvakananga kune njanji Chitima Dispatcher mumasekonzi gumi neshanu: iyo nguva yaunoverenga 6-manhamba-pamwe-1-tsamba USDOT Kuyambuka ID pane icho chiratidzo, anotumira anoisa yekumisikidza yekumisa kutepfenyura kune yega chitima chiri munzira iyoyo.

Kana motokari yangu iri munjanji uye chitima chiri kuuya kwandiri, nei nyanzvi dzezvokuchengetedza dzichiti ndimhanye TENDA kuchitima chiri kuuya ne45-degree angle?¶

Zvinoita sezvisinganzwisisike kufamba kana kumhanya nenzira yakajairika yechitima chiri kuuya, asi yakachena fizikisi: kana 15,000-ton locomotive inorova mota yakamisa kana rori pamakiromita makumi masere paawa (50 mph), mota inoputika kuita simbi inobhururuka, girazi, uye zvikamu zveinjini zvinokandwa zvakafanana negwara rekufamba pasi pechitima chebhasiketi. nechiremwaremwa). Kana iwe ukatiza chitima uchidzika nenjanji kana kugara wakafanana nenjanji munzira iyo chitima chiri kufamba, kubhururuka kwemotokari yako pachako kuchakurova kubva kumashure. Kutiza kubva munjanji uri pakona ye45-degree uchidzokera kwairi kubva chitima kunoisa iwe zvakachengeteka kuseri kwenzvimbo yekukanganisa uye kubuda pamberi pemarara koni.

Ko kana magedhi ekuyambuka akanamira pasi uye mwenje ichipenya kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, asi HAPANA chitima chero kupi zvako unoonekwa?¶

Usambofa wakafungidzira kuti masaini "angoputswa" uye tyaira uchitenderedza magedhi akadzikiswa, kunyanya kana paine maviri kana anopfuura matinji kana curve padyo. Railroad inoyambuka magedhi anoshanda pa "fail-safe" yakavharwa-track yemagetsi dunhu: kana njanji ikaputsika, waya yakatemwa, vashandi vekuchengetedza vari kushanda pasi pemutsara, kana chitima chiri kure chiri kusvika, magedhi anodonha otomatiki. Panzvimbo pekutyaira uchipoterera magedhi, dhonza wakachengeteka, famba uchienda kunoyambuka kuti uverenge Chiratidzo cheBlue ENS, uye fonera 24/7 Railroad Emergency Number ine 7-character Crossing ID kuti utaure "Malfunctioning Active Warning Device (49 CFR Chikamu 234)." Mutakuri wenjanji anogona kukuudza parunhare kana chitima chiri kusvika uye anobva atumira muchengeti wechiratidzo uye mupurisa wenzvimbo kuti amire traffic zvakachengeteka pamharadzano.

Ichokwadi here kuti muCanada chitima chinorambidzwa nemutemo kuvhara mugwagwa kupfuura maminetsi mashanu?¶

Ehe. Kusiyana neUnited States, uko matare emubatanidzwa akafungidzira zvakanyanya nguva yenyika payakavharika kuyambuka, Canada ine mutemo unotemerwa wemubatanidzwa pasi peChikamu 97 cheTransport Canada Grade Crossings Regulations (SOR/2014-275). Pasi peSection 97(1), zvinorambidzwa kuti midziyo yechitima isiyiwe yakamira panzvimbo inoyambuka, kana kuti kuchinjanisa mabasa kuitwe, nenzira inotadzisa vanhu kuyambuka giredhi, kusanganisira nekumisikidza maoko egedhi, kweanopfuura maminetsi mashanu apo motokari kana vanhu vanofamba netsoka vakamirira kuyambuka. Pamusoro pezvo, pasi peChikamu 97(2), kana motokari yechimbichimbi (amburenzi, moto, kana mapurisa) ichida kupfuura nepakati pegiredhi rekuyambuka muCanada, vashandi vechitima vanofanira kuita chiito nekukasika kubvisa pakuyambuka, zvisinei nekuti vakamiswa kwenguva pfupi sei.

Ndinogona here kufamba KUNYORERA kumberi chaiko kwechitima chakamira kana kumashure chaiko kwemota yekupedzisira kana ndikagara 3 metres (10 tsoka) kure?¶

Kwete. Usambofa wakafamba uchiyambuka njanji mukati memamita gumi nemashanu (mafiti 50) pemhino yemberi yelocomotive yakamira kana yekumashure coupler yemota yekupedzisira ("the EOT / End-of-Train device"). Chekutanga, injiniya welocomotive akagara 4.5 metres (15 feet) mudenga mucab ane hombe bofu inotambanuka 10 kusvika 15 metres (35 kusvika 50 tsoka) yakananga pamberi pelocomotive simbi yechando mhino uye haakwanise kuona munhu anofamba netsoka achitsika njanji. Chechipiri, sezvakatsanangurwa muyambiro yeSlack Action iri pamusoro, mota yekumashure yechitima chekutakura zvinhu chakamira inokwanisa kurova zvine chisimba ichidzokera kumashure 3 kusvika 5 metres (10 kusvika 16 tsoka) mukati isingasviki hafu yesekondi apo locomotive makiromita matatu kubva kure inobata matsimba kuti atange kufamba. Yambukirai chete pamharadzano yakarongedzerwa neveruzhinji mushure mekunge chitima chanyatsobvisa pamharadzano uye magedhi anyatsosimuka uye marambi amira kupenya.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Kuvharwa kwebhiriji, kuvharwa kwechikepe, uye chitsuwa chiri chega kana peninsula dambudziko rekupa
• Kuputika kwechirimwa chemakemikari, kuparara kwechitima, uye pekugara-mu-nzvimbo chisimbiso
• 911 emergency dispatch kubuda, redunhu telecom kudzima, uye chiteshi chemoto kufamba-mukati
• Kuparara kwemotokari uye nzira huru yekuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa
• Nhamba dzeEmergency uye kutumira kune dzimwe nyika

Nzvimbo uye nhungamiro yepamutemo¶

• Federal Railroad Administration (FRA / U.S. Dhipatimendi Rezvekutakurwa): 49 CFR Chikamu 234 Subpart E (Emergency Notification Systems / Blue ENS Signs paHighway-Rail Grade Crossings), National Crossing Inventory Database, uye FRA Public Blocked Crossing Reporting Portal (fra.dot.gov/blockedcrossings).
• Kushanda Lifesaver (oli.org, US, Canada, UK, & International Rail Safety Education): *Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Survival Protocols: The Physics of Freight Train Slack Action, Kumisa Mamiriro, Multi-Track "Second Train" Traps, uye 45-Degree Stalled Vehicle Evacuation *.
• ** Kutakurwa kweCanada, Rail Safety Directorate **: * Giredhi Kuyambuka Mitemo (SOR/2014-275, Chikamu 97: Inosungirwa 5-Maminiti Muganho paZvitima Zvakamira Kuvharira Kuyambuka Ruzhinji uye Nekukurumidza Clearance Mandate kune Emergency Vehicles; Chikamu 107: Emergency Notice Signage)*.
• U.S. Hurumende Accountability Hofisi (GAO) & Congressional Research Service: Railroad Crossing Safety: Kuongorora Emergency Vehicle Kunonoka paBroked Grade Crossings uye Federal Preemption Pasi peICCTA (49 U.S.C. Section 10501(b)) uye FRSA (49 U.S.C. Section 20106).
• Network Rail & UK Hofisi yenjanji uye Mugwagwa (ORR): Nhanho Yekuyambuka Mushandisi Yekuchengetedza Yekutungamira uye Yakananga Signaller Emergency Runhare Protocols.