Nzvimbo dzekuyedza: imwe nguva, kamuri yakaparadzana uye maitiro ekubvunza¶

Dzimba dzebvunzo, dzinonziwo gadziriro dzekuwana, gadziridzo dzine musoro kana tsigiro dzekuedza, shanduko pamabatirwo anoitwa bvunzo kuitira kuti mudzidzi akaremara, hutano kana musiyano wekudzidza aratidze zvaanoziva. Nguva yekuwedzera, kamuri rakaparadzana, zororo rekuzorora, muverengi kana komputa mienzaniso yakajairika. Havapi mukana usina kunaka. Vanobvisa chipingamupinyi chisinganei neruzivo rwebvunzo dzinoitirwa kuyerwa.

Vadzidzi vazhinji vangakodzera havambobvunzi, nekuti vanonyara, havazive maitiro, kana kufunga kuti mhinduro ichava kwete. Gwaro rino rinotsanangura zviripo, makumbirwe azvo, humbowo hupi hwaungade, kuti kodzero dzako dzinosiyana sei nenyika, uye kuti nei kukoshesa nguva kuchikosha. Yakanyorerwa vadzidzi nevabereki, uye zvakare inotsanangura nguva yekuona mupi wezano, chiremba kana mutsara wedambudziko.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. Taurira chikoro chako nhasi, kunyangwe bvunzo dzave pedyo. Bata mukuru webvunzo, murongi wezvido zvedzidzo, hofisi yekutsigira kudzidza kana chipangamazano wechikoro, uye uti unoda pekugara pabvunzo.
2. Ask what the deadline is and what evidence is needed. Deadlines are set by schools and exam bodies and can be weeks or months ahead. Write down the dates.
3. Book a doctor or specialist visit if you have no documentation. Ask for a letter or report that describes your condition and how it affects exams.
4. Collect existing records. Gather past assessments, individual education plans, 504 plans, medical letters, or reports of previous accommodations.
5. Request specific accommodations in writing. Describe what you need, why, and how it helps. Keep a copy.
6. Follow up and practise. Ask for confirmation in writing, then practise with the accommodation, such as timing yourself with the extra time, so it feels normal on the day.

If your health or safety is at immediate risk, call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom). The nhamba dze emergency page lists contacts for other countries.

What accommodations are¶

An accommodation changes how a test is delivered or how you respond, without changing what the test measures. A modification, by contrast, changes the content or standard of the test itself, and is usually not available on external exams. The difference matters because most accommodations are routinely approved when evidence supports them, while modifications are rare.

Common accommodations¶

Different exam bodies use different names and limits. Always check the rules of your specific exam, because what is allowed in a school test may differ from a national exam.

Who can qualify¶

Eligibility depends on need, not label. Students may qualify for accommodations if they have:

• A specific learning difficulty such as dyslexia, dyscalculia or dysgraphia.
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• An autism spectrum condition.
• An anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, or another mental health condition.
• A physical disability or long term medical condition such as diabetes, epilepsy, chronic pain or a heart condition.
• A visual or hearing impairment.
• A temporary condition such as a broken arm, concussion or a severe illness.
• A language need, in some systems for students who are learning the language of the exam.

If you are unsure whether you qualify, ask. The school or exam body decides, but you cannot be turned down for something you never requested.

Your rights by country¶

Rights and processes differ widely. The summaries below are general and labeled by country. Laws change, so check the current rules of your education authority and exam board.

MuUnited States¶

• Laws. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act protect students with disabilities. Public schools provide accommodations through an individualized education program or a 504 plan. Colleges provide them through a disability services office.
• Standardized tests. The College Board (SAT, Advanced Placement), ACT, and other test providers have their own processes. Students with an existing school plan may be able to use it as part of an application, but approval is decided by the test provider.
• Timing. The College Board advises students to apply well ahead, and says reviews can take several weeks, so apply early. ACT also advises requesting accommodations early. Check each provider's current published deadlines.
• Evidence. Providers usually ask for documentation, such as a school plan, evaluation reports or a professional's letter, and a description of how the condition affects testing.
• If refused. Both providers have appeal processes. Parents can also ask the school district for support and, where rights are violated, file a complaint with the Office for Civil Rights.

For more on school plans and disputes, see the guide on special education IEP violations and improper suspension.

MuUnited Kingdom¶

• Laws. The Equality Act 2010 requires schools and exam bodies to make reasonable adjustments for disabled students in England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland has its own disability discrimination laws.
• Process. For many general qualifications, the Joint Council for Qualifications sets the rules for access arrangements, which cover extra time, rest breaks, readers, scribes and more. The school or college submits applications for access arrangements, and an assessor may need to carry out a test, for example for extra time.
• Evidence. The school or college usually needs evidence of need and normal way of working, which means the student already uses the support in class. A formal assessment by a qualified assessor is often required for extra time.
• Timing. Deadlines are set by the exam bodies and are often in the spring for summer exams. Ask your exams officer for the current dates.
• Special consideration. If something goes wrong at the time of the exam, such as illness or bereavement, the school can apply for special consideration. See the guide on bvunzo zuva Logistics uye emergency.

In Ireland¶

• The State Examinations Commission runs reasonable accommodations in the Certificate Examinations, known as RACE. Schools apply on behalf of students, with supporting evidence, and the commission decides. Ask your school's learning support teacher or guidance counsellor for the current process and deadlines.

In Canada¶

• Education is a provincial responsibility, so rules differ by province and territory. Human rights codes require reasonable accommodation for disability. Students typically work with the school's learning support or special education team, and provincial exam bodies provide their own request process. Post-secondary institutions have accessibility services.

In Australia¶

• The Disability Discrimination Act 1992 and the Disability Standards for Education 2005 require reasonable adjustments. State and territory curriculum authorities handle special provisions for senior secondary exams. Students usually apply through their school with supporting documentation. Universities have disability or access services.

MuEuropean Union uye kumwewo¶

• Nyika zhinji dzine mitemo yenyika inoda dzidzo inosanganisirwa uye pekugara pakanaka, kazhinji vachitevera Mubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose Wekodzero Dzevanhu Vakaremara. Maminisitiri edzidzo yenyika kana zviremera zvebvunzo anogadza maitiro. Bvunza vashandi vepachikoro chako vanotungamirira kana kuti shumiro yebasa repamutemo.

International bvunzo¶

• Masangano akadai seInternational Baccalaureate neCambridge vane yavo inosanganisirwa yekuwana marongero ehurongwa, inowanzo shandiswa kuburikidza nemurongi wechikoro. Bata murongi wako nekukurumidza, sezvo nguva dzekupedzisira dzakasimba uye humbowo hungangodiwa.

Kana usina chokwadi chekutangira munyika yako, tanga nechikoro kana koreji, wozoti webhusaiti yedare rebvunzo, tevere renyika rehurema kana sevhisi yezano redzidzo.

Nzira yekukumbira pekugara nhanho nhanho¶

Danho 1: Ziva zvaunoda¶

Funga kuti chii chinoita kuti bvunzo dzikuomere. Iko kumhanya kwekuverenga, kunyora nemaoko, kuisa pfungwa, kufunganya, kurwadziwa, zvido zvekurapa? Edza kudzidzira kwenguva pfupi uye ona zvinokunonokera kana kukumisa. Izvi zvinokubatsira iwe kukumbira rutsigiro rwakafanira, kwete "yakawedzera nguva" nekusarudzika.

Danho rechipiri: Taura nemunhu akakodzera¶

Tanga nemumwe munhu waunovimba naye kuchikoro: mukuru webvunzo, murongi wezvido zvakakosha, mutungamiri anotsigira kudzidza, chipangamazano wechikoro kana mudzidzisi wefomu. Kuyunivhesiti, taura nevakaremara kana sevhisi yekuwanikwa. Unogonawo kukumbira mubereki kana muchengeti kuti abate chikoro kana uri pasi pemakore gumi nemasere.

Danho rechitatu: Dzidza mitemo uye mazuva ekupedzisira¶

Bvunza:

• Ndeipi mitemo yedare rebvunzo inoshanda pabvunzo dzangu?
• Ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira yekunyorera?
• Uchapupu hupi hunodiwa?
• Ndiani anoendesa chikumbiro?
• How will I be told the outcome?
• Can I appeal if it is refused?

Write the answers down. If someone says "it is too late," ask whether there is any emergency or late route.

Step 4: Gather evidence¶

Evidence may include:

• Chirevo chekuongorora kana chekuongorora kubva kuna chiremba wepfungwa, chiremba, nyanzvi yemudzidzisi kana muongorori.
• Tsamba kubva kuna chiremba wako kana murapi inotsanangura mamiriro uye maitiro ayo pabvunzo.
• Chirongwa chechikoro chakadai seIEP, chirongwa che504 kana chakaenzana.
• Maonero evadzidzisi emashandiro ako mukirasi.
• Mienzaniso yebasa rako, sekunyora nemaoko kana kunyora nenguva.
• Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti washandisa rutsigiro mukirasi uye bvunzo dzekunyomba.
• Chero mvumo yapfuura kubva bvunzo dzekutanga.

If you do not have a diagnosis, ask the school what is possible. Some accommodations can be supported with school evidence, and some need a formal assessment. Ask about cost, waiting times, and whether free or low cost options exist through the school or health service.

Danho rechishanu: Nyora chikumbiro chako¶

A good request is clear, specific and polite. For example:

"I am writing to request exam accommodations for my upcoming exams. I have [condition] and it affects [specific difficulty] during timed exams. I am requesting [extra time of X percent, a separate room, rest breaks]. I have attached [documents]. Please tell me if you need anything else, and let me know the deadline and next steps."

Include your name, class or candidate number, exam names and dates, and contact details. Keep a copy and note the date you sent it.

Step 6: Follow up¶

If you hear nothing within a week, ask again. Ask for the decision in writing, including which accommodations are approved. If you disagree, ask how to appeal.

Step 7: Practise and confirm¶

Use the approved accommodation in a mock exam. If you are given extra time, practise pacing so you do not run out of energy. On exam day, check that the room and staff know about your arrangements, and carry a copy of the approval letter if allowed.

Evidence and documentation¶

What good evidence looks like¶

• It is recent, usually within a few years, though rules vary.
• Inobva kunyanzvi inokwanisa.
• It describes the condition, how it affects reading, writing, concentration or health, and why the accommodation is needed.
• It matches your normal way of working in class.
• Izvo zvakanangana nezve zvinokurudzirwa zvinotsigira.

Kana iwe usingakwanise kubhadhara kuongororwa¶

Costs of private assessments can be high. You can ask:

• Whether your school or district provides evaluations at no cost.
• Whether your doctor or a public health service can provide a letter.
• Whether a charity or disability organization offers support.
• Whether the school can use its own evidence, such as class observations, for certain arrangements.

Keeping records¶

Keep digital and paper copies of everything: reports, emails, plans and approvals. Store them where a parent or trusted adult can reach them too. Records also help later if you move schools or go to college.

Privacy¶

Your medical information is private. You choose what to share, and schools should keep it confidential and use it only for the support you have requested. If you are uncomfortable, ask who will see your records. At university, many countries have privacy laws that mean your parents may not see your records without your consent.

Mental health conditions and anxiety¶

Anxiety, panic disorder, depression and other mental health conditions can qualify for accommodations when they have a significant effect on exams. Examples include a separate room for a student with panic attacks, rest breaks, extra time, or permission to have water or a comfort item.

What to bring¶

A letter from a doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, therapist or counsellor often helps. It might describe the diagnosis, how symptoms affect test taking, and what support is recommended. If you are still waiting for a diagnosis, a doctor's letter noting that you are under assessment may help, and schools may have a temporary plan.

Talking about it¶

Haufanire kugovera zvinopfuura zvinodiwa. Iwe unogona kuti, "Ndine chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo chinondibata muongororo, uye chiremba wangu anokurudzira kamuri yakasiyana uye yekuzorora." Kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa zviratidzo pazuva, ona madhairekitori pa kuedza kufunganya pazuva rebvunzo uye panic attack panguva yekuedzwa.

Mamiriro enguva pfupi uye emergency¶

Hazvisi zvese zvinodiwa ndezvenguva refu. Ruoko rwakatyoka, kurohwa nehana, kuvhiyiwa, kugara muchipatara kana kufirwa kunogona kuita kuti bvunzo dzemazuva ose dzive dzisina kunaka. Bata chikoro chako nekukurumidza, uye bvunza:

• Ndinogona kushandisa munyori, komputa kana imwe nguva yakawedzerwa?
• Ndinogona here kunyora bvunzo mune imwe kamuri, kumba kana muchipatara?
• Bvunzo inogona kumbomiswa here?
• Ndinogona kunyorera kutariswa chaiko kana ndichirwara pazuva?

Chengeta humbowo hwekurapa hwakadai setsamba yachiremba kana tsamba yekuchipatara. Masangano ebvunzo anowanzoda humbowo hwegadziriro dzenguva pfupi.

Nzira yekusarudza yekukumbira rubatsiro¶

flowchart TD
    A["Iwe unofunga kuti unoda rutsigiro rwebvunzo"] --> B["Udza mukuru webvunzo, tsigiro yekudzidza kana chipangamazano"]
    B --> C["Kumbira mazuva ekupedzisira uye humbowo hunodiwa"]
    C --> D{"Une humbowo hwazvino here?"}
    D -->|"Hongu"| E["Nyora chikumbiro chakajeka uye ubatanidze magwaro"]
    D -->|"Kwete"| F["Ona chiremba kana kubvunza chikoro nezve ongororo"]
    F --> E
    E --> G["Tevera uye uwane sarudzo nekunyora"]
    G --> H{"Was it approved?"}
    H -->|"Hongu"| I["Practise with the support before the exam"]
    H -->|"Kwete kana zvishoma"| J["Ask for the reason and use the appeal process"]
    J --> K["Bata mubereki, mumiriri kana basa rehurema renyika kana rakamira"]

Kana chikumbiro chako chikarambwa kana kunonoka¶

A refusal is not the end. Take these steps.

1. Ask for the decision and the reasons in writing.
2. Check whether you gave the right evidence, and whether anything is missing.
3. Ask about the appeal process and the deadline for appeals.
4. Contact the exam provider directly if allowed, often through the school.
5. Ask for interim support, such as use of the accommodation in school exams.
6. Seek advice from a student support service, advocacy group or national disability organization.
7. In the United States, parents can request a meeting with the school team and may consult special education advocates. See the guide on special education IEP violations.
8. Where discrimination is suspected, contact your national equality or education complaints body.

Keep records of all communication. Stay polite but persistent. Many requests are approved after the school provides more evidence.

If the deadline has passed¶

Ask whether a late or emergency request is possible. Exam bodies often have a route for circumstances that arose after the deadline, such as a new diagnosis, an injury or a sudden illness. Explain what changed and provide evidence. If the exam has already happened and you were disadvantaged, ask about special consideration, appeals or a retake. See the guide on zvekuita mushure memhedzisiro yakaipa.

Tips for students¶

• Ask early and keep asking.
• Do not compare your accommodations with other people's. Needs differ.
• Use your accommodation in class and mocks so it becomes routine.
• Remember that using extra time is not cheating. It is permitted support.
• Tell the invigilator if you need to use a rest break, and follow the exam rules.
• Learn how to pace yourself with extra time, so you do not tire out.
• If friends comment, you do not owe anyone an explanation.
• Look after your wellbeing: sleep, meals, movement and someone to talk to.

If you feel embarrassed or worried about being treated differently, talk to a counsellor. Many students find that accommodations bring relief and confidence.

Tips for parents¶

• Believe your child and take their difficulties seriously.
• Ask the school early about process and evidence, preferably at the start of the school year or earlier.
• Keep a file of reports, emails and plans.
• Ask for specific accommodations and give reasons.
• Prepare your child by explaining what will happen on exam day.
• Encourage them to use support without shame.
• If you disagree with a decision, ask about appeal and seek advocacy support.
• Avoid putting extra pressure on results. See the guide on vabereki vangabatsira sei mwana kuburikidza nekushushikana kwebvunzo.

Accommodations at university and college¶

At university, support usually comes through a disability, accessibility or student wellbeing service. You usually need to register and provide evidence. Support plans may cover exam arrangements, assignment extensions and other adjustments.

• Register as early as possible, ideally before term starts.
• Ask about deadlines for exam arrangements each term.
• Keep your plan updated if your needs change.
• Ask about arrangements for online exams, which may need extra steps.
• Remember that your information is confidential and your parents may not be told without your consent.

For online exams, see the guide on online proctoring exam crashes.

Ngano dzakajairika¶

Myth: Extra time is an unfair advantage. Accommodations are designed to remove a barrier, not to give an edge. Students without a need would not benefit in the same way.

Myth: If I ask, I will be treated differently. Arrangements are confidential, and most students find that the process is straightforward.

Myth: I need a formal diagnosis for everything. Some arrangements need formal assessment, but others can be supported by school evidence or a doctor's letter. Ask what is possible.

Myth: It is too late to ask. Deadlines vary, and there are often emergency routes. Always ask.

Myth: Accommodations will stay on my record forever. Exam arrangements are not normally a mark on your certificate or transcript. Check the policy of the exam body, but in general they are private.

When to seek wider support¶

Struggling with exams can take a toll on mental health. Talk to a school counsellor, doctor or trusted adult if:

• You feel constant stress, shame or hopelessness about your difficulties.
• You avoid school or exams because of fear.
• You feel unable to cope while waiting for support.
• You are experiencing bullying or discrimination because of your condition. See the guide on student bullying, hazing and cyberbullying.

Checklist for requesting accommodations¶

• I told my school, college or exams officer.
• Ndinoziva boka rebvunzo nemitemo yaro.
• Ndakanyora madeadlines ese.
• Ndakaunganidza humbowo: mishumo, tsamba uye zvinyorwa zvekuchikoro.
• Ndakanyora chikumbiro chakajeka ndichitsanangura zvandinoda uye nei.
• Ndakachengeta makopi ezvese zvandaitumira.
• Ndine sarudzo yakanyorwa.
• Ndakadzidzira nepekugara.
• Ndakasimbisa gadziriro zuva rebvunzo risati rasvika.
• Ndinoziva nzira yekukwidza kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka.

Muenzaniso wakashanda¶

Muenzaniso mupfupi unoratidza kuti zvidimbu zvinobatana sei. Fungidzira mudzidzi ane makore gumi nematanhatu agara ari muverengi anononoka uye kunyora kwake kunomhanya nekukurumidza. Vadzidzisi vake vanoona kuti anoziva zvakawanda mukukurukurirana kwekirasi kupfuura zvaanoratidza pamapepa akanyorwa.

Kutanga, anoudza murairidzi wake wefomu, uyo anomusuma kumurongi anotsigira kudzidza. Murongi anounganidza basa rake rekirasi uye kunyomba mapepa ebvunzo, uye anopa zano rekuongororwa kunoteverwa nekuongorora kuzere nemuongorori ane hunyanzvi, izvo zvingarongwa nechikoro. Paanenge akamirira ongororo, chikoro chinomurega achidzidzira kushandisa imwe nguva mubvunzo dzemukati kuitira kuti mashandiro ake agare akanyorwa.

Kana ongororo yacho ichisimbisa kunonoka kuverenga nekunyora, chikoro chinoendesa chikumbiro kuboka rebvunzo neshumo uye humbowo hwemaitiro ake ekushanda. Anogamuchira mvumo yekuwedzera nguva uye kamuri rakaparadzana, uye kusimbiswa mukunyora. Anodzidzira bepa rakarongwa nenguva yake yakawedzerwa uye anodzidza kushandisa nguva yacho kutarisa basa rake pane kumhanya-mhanya. Pazuva rebvunzo mukuru webvunzo anotoziva marongero ake, uye anogadzika mapepa ake muimba yakanyarara.

Haisi nyaya dzese dzinoenda izvi zvakanaka, uye dzimwe dzinotora nguva yakareba. Pfungwa huru dzichiri kushanda munyika dzese: bvunza nekukurumidza, unganidza humbowo, ita chikumbiro nekunyora, dzidzira nerutsigiro uye uwane sarudzo mukunyora.

Mibvunzo yekubvunza pamusangano wako unotevera¶

Shandisa runyoro urwu paunosangana nemukuru webvunzo, chipangamazano kana sevhisi yevakaremara.

• Ndeipi nzvimbo dzekugara dziripo pabvunzo dzangu, uye ndedzipi dzandinofanira kunyorera?
• Ndehupi humbowo hwaunahwo, uye ndechipi chimwe chaunoda kubva kwandiri kana kubva kuna chiremba wangu?
• Ndiani anotumira chikumbiro, uye pazuva ripi?
• Chii chinoitika kana humbowo hwanonoka kana kuti husina kukwana?
• Ndichaziva sei mugumisiro, uye nokukurumidza sei?
• Ndinogona kudzidzira nepekugara pamberi pebvunzo?
• Urongwa hwacho huchaenderera mberi here kubvunzo dzinotevera, kana kuti tinofanira kukumbira zvakare?
• Chii chandinoita kana ndikarwara kana chimwe chinhu chachinja pedyo nebvunzo?
• Who do I contact if something goes wrong on the day?
• What are my options if the request is refused?

Write the answers down and ask for a follow up email to confirm them. A clear paper trail protects you if staff change or details are forgotten.

Kwatariswa¶

• College Board (United States), Services for Students with Disabilities policy pages.
• ACT (United States), accommodations and testing with extended time policy pages.
• United States Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, information on Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act.
• Joint Council for Qualifications (United Kingdom), Access Arrangements and Reasonable Adjustments, and special consideration guidance.
• Equality and Human Rights Commission (United Kingdom), Equality Act 2010 guidance for education.
• State Examinations Commission (Ireland), Reasonable Accommodations at the Certificate Examinations.
• Australian Government Department of Education, Disability Standards for Education 2005.
• International Baccalaureate and Cambridge, inclusive access arrangements policies.
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
• National Health Service (United Kingdom), American Psychological Association (United States), pages on anxiety and learning differences.
• 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (United States), Samaritans and Childline (United Kingdom), yekuda kuonana nedambudziko.

Rules, forms and deadlines change often. Always check the current pages of your exam body and school. This guide is general information, not legal or medical advice, and contains no medication advice.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

How early should I ask for exam accommodations?¶

As early as you can, ideally at the start of the school year or even earlier. Review and approval can take several weeks, and some exam bodies have fixed deadlines months before the exam. If time is short, ask anyway, because there are often late or emergency routes.

Ndinoda kuongororwa here kuti ndiwedzere nguva?¶

Kazhinji iwe unoda humwe humbowo, hwakadai sekuongorora, tsamba yachiremba kana zvinyorwa zvekuchikoro zvinoratidza kuti kuomerwa kunokubata sei, asi iyo chaiyo mitemo inosiyana nenyika uye neboka rebvunzo. Humwe hurongwa hunogona kutsigirwa nehumbowo hwekuchikoro pasina kuongororwa kwakarongwa. Bvunza mukuru webvunzo dzako kana timu yekutsigira yekudzidza izvo zvinogamuchirwa uye kana sarudzo dzemahara dzekuongorora dziripo.

Ndinogona kuwana pekugara pakufunganya kana kuvhunduka?¶

Ehe, mumasystem mazhinji kunetseka uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa anogona kukodzera kana akanganisa zvakanyanya bvunzo. Zvitsigiro zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kamuri yakaparadzana, zororo rekuzorora, imwe nguva uye mvura padhesiki. Tsamba inobva kuna chiremba kana chipangamazano inotsanangura zvaunoda kazhinji inobatsira.

Ko kana chikumbiro changu chikarambwa?¶

Bvunza sarudzo uye zvikonzero mukunyora, tarisa kuti humbowo hupi hungashaikwa, uye shandisa nzira yekukwidza nyaya. Unogonawo kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kubazi rekutsigira vadzidzi, boka rinokurudzira vakaremara kana bazi renyika redzidzo kana kuenzana. Chengetedza marekodhi, gara une hunhu uye uchishingirira, uye bvunza kana paine rutsigiro rwenguva pfupi kana nzira yekunonoka yekukumbira iripo.

Tsamba yekudzidza zvakawanda¶

Kana iwe uchida kutsigira shamwari kana nhengo yemhuri iri kunetseka nekushushikana kana mamiriro ehutano panguva yebvunzo, funga nezve rubatsiro rwekutanga kana hutano hwepfungwa kosi yekutanga yekubatsira kubva kuRed Cross, St John Ambulance, kana mupi wepano. Aya makosi anoshanda uye akavhurika kuvadzidzi vakura nevabereki.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Edzai kufunganya pazuva rebvunzo
• Panic attack panguva yekuedzwa
• Special dzidzo IEP kutyorwa uye kumiswa zvisina kukodzera
• bvunzo zuva Logistics uye emergency
• Nhamba dze emergency