Kusvetuka paaizi kana dema ice: zvekuita uye maitiro ekupora¶

Kutsvedza paaizi kunoitika nekukurumidza, uye vatyairi vazhinji vanoita nemafambiro maviri anoita kuti zvinyanye: kurovera bhureki nekukwenya vhiri. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zviri kuitika panyama kana matai (matai) atadza kubata, zvokuita mumasekonzi maviri ekutanga, mabhureki anosiyana sei neasina anti lock mabhureki (ABS), uye zvokuita kana mota yamira kufamba. Inofukidzawo aizi nhema, inova chando chitete, chakajeka, chisingaonekwe chinobata vatyairi vakangwarira.

Hapana pano chinotsiva kudzidzira. Kosi yekutsvedza pani kana yechando yekutyaira inodzidzisa maoko ako nemeso kuti siraidhi inonzwa sei munzvimbo yakachengetedzeka, uye vatyairi vazhinji vanopinda vanoti yakachinja maitiro avo. Verenga gwara iri ikozvino, iwe wakadzikama, saka mafambiro akakodzera anozivikanwa kana moyo wako uchirova.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. Bvisa tsoka yako pane accelerator pakarepo. Usatsika pabhureki. Kurerutsa simba zvishoma nezvishoma kunoita kuti matai atange kubata zvakare.
2. Tarisa kwaunoda kuti mota iende, kwete chinhu chaunotya kurova. Maoko ako anowanzo kutevera meso ako.
3. Nangisa zvinyoro nyoro kwaunoda kuti kumberi kwemota kunongedze. Kana musana ukatsvedza kurudyi, tungamira kurudyi zvishoma. Ita zviduku, zvinyoronyoro uye gadzirira kutwasanudza vhiri sezvo motokari inodzoka mumutsetse.
4. Kana iwe uchifanira kubhureki, uye mota ine ABS, dzvanya pedal zvakasimba uye ibate. Inzwa kupuruzira pasi petsoka yako uye ramba uchifambisa. Kana mota isina ABS, svina bhureki zvinyoro nyoro, uye sunungura kana mavhiri akakiya.
5. Kana mota yamira, batidza marambi ako engozi, zvitarise iwe nevafambi, uye sarudza kana zvakachengeteka kugara pauri. Kana iwe uri munzira inogara, simuka kubva munzira chete kana uchikwanisa kuzviita pasina kechipiri skid. Kana paine akakuvara kana kuti iwe uri munjodzi, fonera nhamba yako yenzvimbo yechimbichimbi (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom). Maona nhamba dze emergency kune dzimwe nyika.
6. Usatangazve rwendo rwako kusvika wadzikisa kumhanya kwako, wawedzera chinhambwe chako chekutevera, uye wadzikamisa kufema kwako. Ice kashoma kuoneka yoga, saka tarisira zvakawanda.

Chii chinonzi black ice uye painovanda¶

Aizi nhema itete, yakajeka chando chechando chinotora ruvara rwemugwagwa pazasi, saka iyo nzira inotaridzika yakanyorova kana kusviba. Inoita apo mvura inonaya, sinou inonyunguduka, kana mhute painooma mumugwagwa uri kana kuti pasi pe0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinogona kutonhora kupfuura mhepo, saka aizi inogona kuumba kunyangwe iyo thermometer mumotokari yako ichiverenga zvishoma pamusoro pechando, ingangoita 3 kana 4 madhigirii Celsius (37 kusvika 39 madhigirii Fahrenheit).

National Weather Service (United States) neMet Office (United Kingdom) vose vanonyevera kuti nguva ine ngozi zvikuru mambakwedza, madekwana, uye usiku, uye muawa yokutanga pashure pokunaya kwemvura kunotonhora zvikuru. Kudzidza panotanga mazaya echando kunokubatsira kuzvitarisira.

Mavara matema echando

• Mabhiriji, overpasses, uye viaducts, nekuti mhepo inotonhora inoyerera pamusoro nepasi uye pamusoro inotonhora nekukurumidza kupfuura pasi.
• Zvikamu zvine mimvuri pasi pemiti, zvivakwa, uye zvicherwa, uko zuva risingasviki.
• Mukoto wekupinda nekubuda, uko migwagwa ine mvura inosangana nemhepo inotonhora.
• Nzvimbo dzakaderera, dips, uye makomba apo meltwater inounganidza usiku hwose.
• Micheto yemigwagwa, migwagwa inotsvedza (pamarampu uye panzira dzinobva kure), uye makutano uko traffic yakareruka uye kupisa kubva kumatayi kushoma.
• Kwese kwese kunotaridzika kusviba, kupenya, kana kutsvedzerera kupfuura mugwagwa wakaitenderedza.
• Migwagwa inoita seyakaoma asi inonzwa yakanyarara zvisina kujairika pasi pematayi, nekuti ruzha rwematai kazhinji runodonha paaizi.

Zvinoratidza kuti uri muchando¶

Manzwiro ako anogona kukuyambira skid isati yatanga. Kufambisa kunongoerekana kwanzwa kureruka kana kusununguka. Ruzha rwemumugwagwa kubva kumavhiri runoenda kwakanyarara. Frost kana kupenya kunoonekwa pamagirazi, wiper blades, kana antenna.

Dzimwe mota dziri mberi dzinotsveta zvishoma, kana kuti marambi emuswe wadzo anonyura nedivi. Kupfapfaidza kunomira kubva pamavhiri emota iri kumberi zvichireva kuti mvura yemumugwagwa yaita ice. Kana chimwe cheizvi chikaitika, sunungura throttle uye wedzera gap rako rinotevera nekukurumidza.

Sei mota ichisvetuka¶

Tai rinobata mugwagwa nepakamwe karabha kakaenzana nechanza. Ice inoderedza kukwesha kunowanikwa kubva pachigamba ichocho kusvika pachidimbu chezvinopihwa pakaoma pavement. Masangano akawanda ezvokuchengetedza anoti kumira madaro paaizi kunogona kureba zvakapetwa kagumi pane mumigwagwa yakaoma. Paunokumbira vhiri kuti riite zvakawanda kupfuura zvinobvumirwa neaizi, nokubhureki, kudhiraivha, kana kuti kumhanya zvakanyanyisa, vhiri rinodambuka uye motokari inotsvedza.

Pfungwa inokosha ndeyokuti vhiri rinenge riine mwero wekubata, uye rinogona kupedza kubata ikoko pabasa rimwe chete panguva: kunonoka, kutendeuka, kana kuti kukurumidza. Kana ukashandisa yese kubhureki, hapana yasara yekutungamidza. Ndosaka zvinyoro, imwe panguva inopinza inoshanda paaizi uye misanganiswa yakangoerekana yakundikana.

Mhando nhatu dze skid¶

Zvekuita panguva ino¶

Nhanho yekutanga: gara kure bhureki uye accelerator¶

Reflex yekutanga ndeye brake. Ramba kunze kwekunge wave kuda kurova chimwe chinhu uye usina imwe sarudzo. Paaizi, vhiri rinokiyiwa rinomira kutenderera romira chidhiraivho. Kurerutsa mapedali ose kunoita kuti mavhiri atenderere akasununguka, adzore kubata, uye achipindura vhiri.

Nhanho yechipiri: tungamira kwaunoda kuenda¶

Tsvaga nzira yakajeka nemeso ako, uye tungamira kwairi. Kana kumberi kwemota kuchitsvedza kugomba, uye mugero wacho usiri kwauri kuda kuenda, ramba wakatarira mumugwagwa, kwete mugero. Gadzirisa nemafambiro madiki, akatsetseka. Mahombe, matenderedzwa anotsemuka anogona kuita kuti mota isverere neimwe nzira, pendulum mhedzisiro yakaoma kubata.

Nhanho yechitatu: gadzirisa siraidhi yekumashure¶

Kana kuseri kwemota kuchinjika kwaenda, tungamira kuruboshwe. Kana ikatsvuka zvakanaka, tungamira kurudyi. Pfungwa ndeyekunongedza mavhiri emberi mafambiro ari kuita mota, izvo zvinodzosera kubata. Sezvo mota ichitwasanuka, dzosa vhiri pakati nekukurumidza, nekuti mota inogona kutenderera neimwe nzira kana ukabata gadziriso.

Nhanho yechina: bhureki chete kana mota yakatwasuka¶

Kana uchifanira kunonoka, mirira kusvikira motokari yakananga. Zvadaro bhura zvinyoro uye mumutsara wakatwasuka. Heavy braking in bend kana vhiri rakatenderedzwa ndicho chinonyanya kukonzera kutenderera kweaizi. Bata brake sedhiri, kwete switch.

Braking: ABS inopesana neABS¶

Inenge mota yese yakatengeswa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura ine ABS (anti lock braking system). Inoshandisa masensa uye pombi kuburitsa uye kudzoreredza kudzvanywa kwebhureki kakawanda pasekondi, saka mavhiri haavhare uye iwe unogona kuramba uchifambisa. Mota dzechikuru, mamwe marori, nemimwe midhudhudhu zvingasava nazvo.

Tarisa dashboard yako: paunobatidza kiyi, mwenje we "ABS" unofanirwa kuuya uye kubuda. Kana ikaramba iripo, iyo system haisi kushanda.

Kana iwe ukanzwa kugaya kana kunzwa kuzununguka paunopwanya muchando, usasimudza tsoka yako. Ndiyo ABS inoita basa rayo. Vatyairi vakawanda vanovhunduka paruzha uye voregedzera pedal, iyo inorebesa kumira.

Mabhureki pakudzika kana pakona¶

Brake pamberi pekukotama, nepo mota yakatwasuka, uye kwete pakutendeuka. Shandisa giya rezasi pazvikamu zvekudzika, kana injini yebhureki mumotokari otomatiki kana yemagetsi, saka injini inononoka iwe usingashandisi mabhureki. Usatsika pabhureki nechepakati pemateru. Maona hydroplaning uye skid kupora kune zvine hukama skid matekiniki panzira dzakanyorova.

flowchart TD
    A["Mota inotanga kutsvedza pachando"] --> B["Bvisa accelerator"]
    B --> C["Tarisa kwauri kuda kuenda"]
    C --> D{"Nderipi mugumo uri kutsvedza?"}
    D -->|"Mberi inosundira zvakafara"| E["Ruramisa gumbo zvishoma uye kumirira kubata"]
    D -->|"Kumashure kunobuda"| F["Gadzirisa zvinyoronyoro muchisiraidhi"]
    D -->|"Mavhiri ose ari mana anotsvedza"| G["Bvisa bhureki zvishoma, wobva watyora zvinyoro nyoro"]
    E --> H["Bata zvakanaka kana grip yadzoka"]
    F --> I["Rongedza vhiri mota ichimira"]
    G --> H
    H --> J["Dzora pasi uye wedzera gap rinotevera"]
    I --> J
    J --> K["Mira zvakachengeteka kana zvichidiwa uye tarisa kune kukuvara"]

Mavhiri ese, vhiri remberi uye rear vhiri¶

Dhiraivha mhando inoshandura manzwire anoita mota mune skid, asi haishandure mitemo yekupokana. Ese mavhiri (AWD) nemavhiri mana (4WD) anokubatsira kuti ukwidze mumigwagwa inotsvedza, asi haakubatsire kumira kana kutenderedza zviri nani kupfuura mota ine mavhiri maviri pamatayi mamwe chete. Dzakawanda dzakakomba tsaona dzechando dzinosanganisira vatyairi vaivimba neAWD uye vakamhanya zvakanyanya.

• Mberi vhiri dhiraivha: rinowanzoita understeer. Kusimudza throttle mukubhenda kunobatsira matai epamberi kuruma zvakare.
• Rear vhiri dhiraivha: rinowanzo pfuura. Smooth throttle uye kururamisa kwekutanga kwakakosha.
• Ese mavhiri uye mana vhiri dhiraivha: zviri nani pakudhonza kure, asi zvakafanana nevamwe kana uchibhureki nekukona.
• Mota dzemagetsi: regenerative braking inogona kunonoka mota nekukasira kana iwe uchisimudza accelerator. MaEV mazhinji anokutendera kuti uderedze kuberekwazve munguva yechando, saka tarisa marongero.

Electronic kugadzikana kutonga¶

Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzine electronic stability control (ESC), inonziwo ESP kana DSC. Inoshandisa masensa kuona siraidhi uye mabhureki ega mavhiri kuti akubatsire kupora. ESC inodiwa pamotokari itsva muUnited States, Canada, European Union, nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda.

Inobatsira, asi haigone kugadzira kubata kusipo. Kana chiedza chenyevero chichipenya paunenge uchityaira, iyo ndiyo system inoshanda, uye zvinoreva kuti wava pedyo nemuganhu.

Chii chekuita mushure mekuputika¶

Kana mota yamira, tura befu uye uzviongorore. Adrenaline inogona kuvanza kukuvara, saka bvunza vafambi kuti vanonzwa sei. Kana paine chero kurwadziwa mumutsipa kana kumashure, kukuvara kwemusoro, kana mumwe munhu asiri kuita zvakajairika, usazvifambisa uye fonera nhamba yako yekukurumidzira.

Kana mota iri munzira inofamba, funga kuti zviri nani here kugara mukati wakabatidza bhandi repachigaro chako uye marambi engozi achipenya, kana kubuda. Mumugwagwa mukuru une aizi, mota yechipiri inogona kutsvedza ichipinda mune yako. Kana uchikwanisa kutyaira motokari kubva mumugwagwa uchienda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka, ita zvishoma nezvishoma, uchinzvenga chidhiraivho kana kuti mabhureki. Kana yakanamira, maona rakanamira muchando: dig out, traction and when to call for help.

Kana ukarova chimwe chinhu kana kusiya nzira¶

Skid inogona kuguma mugomba, snowbank, guardrail, kana imwe motokari. Dzima injini kana uchinzwa kunhuwa mafuta kana kuona utsi. Batidza mwenje wengozi.

Kana iwe uri kunze kwemugwagwa uye uchigona kubuda zvakanaka, famba seri kwechipingamupinyi kana kuti kure nemugwagwa, kumusoro kwemotokari, uye kudana rubatsiro. Mhan'ara tsaona iyi kumapurisa sezvinodiwa munharaunda yako. Tora mapikicha echiitiko uye kukuvara kana uchikwanisa kuzviita zvakachengeteka.

Kana mota yako yapinda mugomba rine sinou yakatenderedza mhepo, usasiye injini ichimhanya usina kutarisa tailpipe. Maona kupera simba mumotokari kabhini, snowbank tailpipe blockage uye CO poisoning.

Kana mota yatenderera asi hapana chakarohwa¶

Mira, bata bhureki zvinyoro nyoro, uye tarisa traffic usati wafamba. Motokari inongedza nzira isiri iyo mumugwagwa une chando injodzi huru. Dhiraivha chete kana uchinge wagona kutendeuka uye kubatana zvakachengeteka, kana kana mugwagwa wakachena. Kana zvisina kuchengetedzeka kubatika, mira wakabatidza marambi engozi kusvikira pabuda gap, kana kuti daidza rubatsiro.

Kutyaira kudzivirira skids pakutanga¶

Mazhinji skids anodzivirirwa nemaitiro akareruka. Mutemo wegoridhe ndewekuita zvese zvinyoro uye zvishoma nezvishoma kana migwagwa ichitonhora. Yese inopinza inofanirwa kuve yakatsetseka: chidhiraivho, throttle, uye brake.

Kumhanya uye chinhambwe¶

• Deredza sipidhi zviri pasi pemuganhu kana migwagwa ingave nechando. Muganho ndewemigwagwa yakaoma uye matai akanaka.
• Wedzera chinhambwe chako chinotevera kusvika kumasekonzi masere kusvika gumi. Murairo wechipiri kusvika kutatu wechipiri ndewemigwagwa yakaoma. Sarudza chinhu chakamira, chakadai sechiratidzo, uye verenga masekonzi pakati pemota iri pamberi uchipfuura uye iwe uchisvika pairi.
• Brake mangwanani uye zvinyoro nyoro, usati wabhenda, majenji, uye mabhiriji.
• Dzivisa kuchinja kwenzira kamwe kamwe, kudarika, kana kudzora rwendo mumigwagwa inotsvedza.
• Kurumidza zvinyoronyoro kubva pakumira. Mune bhuku rekushandisa, shandisa giya rechipiri kudhonza. Mune otomatiki ine chando mode, shandisa iyo.

Matai nemotokari¶

Matai ndiwo chete chikamu chemotokari chinobata mugwagwa. Matayi echando, ane mavara matatu epamusoro-soro echando chemakomo, anogara akapfava muchando uye anobatirira zviri nani paaizi nesinou kupfuura matai emwaka wese. Tsika kudzika kunokosha zvakare. Maona yechando motokari kit uye pre-chando motokari cheki yekutsika kudzika kutungamira nenyika uye yakazara pre-chando cheki.

Chengetedza mahwindo, mwenje, uye magirazi zvakajeka kuitira kuti uone zvigamba zveaizi nemabhureki kumberi. Chengetedza windscreen (windshield) washer yakaiswa mvura yemuchando isingaite chando. Maona Iced windshield, makiyi akaomeswa nechando nemawipers.

Nzira uye nguva¶

• Tarisa mafambiro uye mishumo yemigwagwa usati waenda. National weather services inopa yambiro pamusoro pemvura inotonhora nechando.
• Ibva pave paya kana kumberi kudzivirira maawa anotonhora zvakanyanya mambakwedza, kana uchigona kusarudza.
• Sarudze migwagwa mikuru inonatswa nemunyu kana marara, uye dzivisa migwagwa miduku nezvikomo.
• Udza mumwe munhu nzira yako uye inotarisirwa nguva yekusvika panzendo refu dzechando.
• Kana yambiro ichiti usafamba, tenda. Maona madutu echando pakuronga.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha¶

Mvura inotonhora¶

Mvura inotonhora inonaya semvura uye inoomesa nechando kana yasangana, ichifukidza nzvimbo yese nejira rakajeka rinogona kukora kupfuura aizi nhema yatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Icho chiri pakati pemamiriro ekutyaira ane ngozi. Kana mvura inoomesa nechando ikatanga paunenge uchityaira, dzika pasi chaipo, tsvaga nzvimbo isina njodzi yokumira, uye mirira marori anorapisa. Maona kutyaira mumhute, kunaya kwechando uye kuchena kuti umire rinhi uye sei.

Hills¶

Kukwira pamusoro peaizi, chengetedza kumhanya kwakadzikama, usamire pamateru, uye siya nzvimbo kuti mota iri pamberi isvike kumusoro usati watanga. Kudzika pasi, shandisa giya rakaderera, bhureki zvishoma mutsetse usati watanga, uye chengetedza mavhiri. Kana motokari iri mberi ichitsvedza ichidzokera shure, ibva pairi woridza hwamanda.

Marori nemabhazi¶

Mota dzinorema dzinotora nguva yakareba kuti dzimire uye dzinogona jackknife paaizi. Vape imwe nzvimbo uye dzivisa kuvapfuudza pazvikamu zvechando. Usacheka pamberi perori wobva waita mabhureki. Maona semi rori air brake kurasikirwa nokuti chii chinosanganisira jackknifing.

Midhudhudhu nemabhasikoro¶

Motokari mbiri dzine mavhiri dzinenge dzisina muganho paaizi, uye zano rakanakisa nderekuti usachovha kana paine aizi. Kana uri kutyaira pedyo nevatasvi, vape nzvimbo yakafara, nokuti vanogona kurasikirwa nekubata pasina yambiro.

Kana wasvika kumba: tarisa mota¶

Hard braking, siraidhi kupinda muvharo, kana kuti chiedza chinokonzeresa chinogona kukanganisa kurongeka kwemavhiri, matayi, kana kuturika. Tarisa uone kutenheka kutsva, kudhonzera kune rimwe divi, ruzha rusina kujairika, kana chidhiraivho chabva pakati. Kana ukaona paine, ita kuti mota itariswe isati yaityaira ichimhanya.

Gumbo rakakotama kana vhiri rakakuvadzwa rinogona kungoerekana raparara. Maona kuvhuvhuta kwetai uye kutadza chidhiraivho nekumhanya nokuti kukundikana kunonzwa sei.

Dzidzira uye kudzidzisa¶

Kuverenga nezve skids kunobatsira, asi maoko ako anodzidza kubva pakuita. Pani inotariswa yekutsvedza, chikoro chekutyaira munguva yechando, kana park yemotokari isina sinou yakavharwa (yekupaka) inoshandiswa nemvumo inoita kuti unzwe mota ichitsvedza nekumhanya kwakaderera pasina chinogona kurohwa. Mainishuwarenzi mazhinji, makirabhu emotokari, uye mapurogiramu ekutyaira kwemapurisa anoita zvidzidzo izvi.

Kana ukadzidzira uri wega, sarudza nzvimbo hombe, yakati sandara, isina chinhu isina matanda, mikoto, kana vanhu, uye uwane mvumo kubva kumuridzi. Dhiraivha nenhanho yekufamba kutanga. Braka zvinyoro nyoro uye unzwe kupuruzira kweABS, fambisa zvishoma wonzwa matayi ekumberi achisundidzira kure, uye simudza throttle nekutendeuka zvinyoro nyoro kuti unzwe kumashure kupenya. Mira kana nzvimbo yacho isina kana munhu asvika.

Zvekudzidzira¶

• Smooth braking mumutsara wakatwasuka, kunzwa kupuruzira kweABS uye kuchengeta mwenje wekutungamirira.
• Kutarisa pakubuda kwaunoda, kwete pane chipingamupinyi, uchifambisa zvinyoro nyoro uchitenderedza koni kana chiratidzo.
• Kurerutsa throttle kana mota ikatanga kutsvedza, uye kuverenga kusvika maviri isati yabata bhureki.
• Kutanga zvinyoronyoro kubva pakumira, uchishandisa giya repamusoro mune bhuku rekushandisa kana yechando modhi mune otomatiki.
• Kudzoreredza kubva kudiki kumashure kutsvedza nekumhanya kwakaderera, nekudzikama, kutsetseka kwekutungamira kururamisa.

Kumhanya nekumira chinhambwe paaizi¶

Nhamba dzinobatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei kutyaira kwakapfava kuchikosha. Pamugwagwa wakaoma, mota inofamba makiromita makumi mashanu paawa (mamaira makumi matatu paawa) inoda zvinosvika 25 kusvika 30 metres (80 kusvika 100 tsoka) kumira kana iwe uchibatanidza nguva yekufunga. Mumigwagwa yakanyorova, izvozvo zvinogona kaviri. Pasinou yakazarisa inogona kureba zvakapetwa kanoverengeka, uye paaizi, zviremera zvakaita seNational Weather Service neTransport Canada zvinocherekedza kuti nzendo dzokumira dzinogona kureba zvakapetwa kagumi pane mumigwagwa yakaoma.

Idzi nhamba dzakakasharara dzinosiyana nematayi, huremu hwemotokari, materu, uye nzvimbo chaiyo, asi patani yacho yakajeka. Kupeta kumhanya kwako kunoda kupeta chinhambwe chako chebhureki, nekuti simba rekubviswa rinokura nechikwere chekumhanya. Ndicho chikonzero kuderedzwa kudiki kwekumhanya kunokosha kupfuura chero gadget.

Makona nemajunctions¶

Kutsvedza kwakawanda paaizi kunotanga apo mutyairi anofanira kunonoka uye kutendeuka pakarepo. Zvinyoronyoro mumutsara wakatwasuka pamberi pekukotama, wozotendeuka zvinyoro nyoro ne throttle steady, uye mhanyisa zvinyoro nyoro mushure mepamusoro. Pamatanho, mira nekukurumidza kupfuura nguva, uye tanga kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Tarisa mberi kuti uone kana motokari iri mberi ine dambudziko, uye iva wakagadzirira kumira nguva refu pamberi pemutsara.

Kana skid ikaitika nevafambi kana mutoro¶

Motokari izere nevafambi, mikwende, kana turera inobata zvakasiyana. Mutoro unorema unotora nguva yakareba kuti umire, uye turera inogona kusunda kumashure kwemota kutenderedza.

Kukweva turera kana karavhani¶

Kana turera ikatanga kudzedzereka kubva kune rumwe rutivi ichienda kune rumwe rutivi, iyo inonzi snaking, isununguka kubva kune throttle, usatyoke zvakasimba, uye bata chidhiraivho chakatwasuka. Kunonoka zvinyoronyoro kunobatsira trailer kugadzikana. Braking hard inogona kugadzira trailer jackknife.

Kana iyo swing yamira, dhonza pamusoro uye tarisa mutoro uye hitch. Muchando, kuchenjera kusiya turera kumba kana kumirira migwagwa iri nani.

Mabhokisi edenga nemitoro inorema¶

Bhokisi redenga rakaremerwa rinosimudza pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi uye rinogona kuita kuti mota inyamire zvakanyanya mumakona. Kurumidza kunonoka uye fambisa zvakanyanya zvinyoro. Chengetedza zvinhu zvinorema zvakaderera uye pedyo nepakati pemotokari, zvakasungirirwa pasi kuti zvisakwanise kufamba mune skid.

Vana nemhuka dzinovaraidza¶

Ita shuwa kuti vana vari mugwara rakakodzera, vakasungwa bhandi nemazvo, uye vakagara vakati twasu. Mhuka dzakasununguka uye zvinhu zvinova projectile mukuparara. Taura wakadzikama kuvana mushure mekutsvedza, sezvo mwana anotya anogona kutsausa senzira. Kana paine akakuvara, fonera nhamba yako ye emergency.

Nzira dzekuchengetedza motokari yako dzakatsanangurwa¶

Mota dzemazuvano dzinotakura masisitimu akati wandei anobatsira muskid. Kuziva zvavanoita, uye zvavasingakwanisi kuita, zvinokutadzisa kutarisira zvakawanda.

• ABS (anti lock braking system): inomisa mavhiri kukiya pasi pekubhureki, saka unogona kutyaira paunenge uchibhureki. Haipfupiki kumira paaizi zvakanyanya, uye dzimwe nguva inorebesa pachando chakasununguka.
• Traction control: inoderedza kutenderera kwevhiri kana iwe uchimhanyisa, nekucheka injini simba kana braking vhiri rinotenderera. Inobatsira iwe kubva, asi kwete kumira.
• Electronic stability control: mabhureki mavhiri ega ega kuti mota irambe yakanongedza nzira yaunofambisa nayo. Inobatsira pakukotama nepanzvimbo inotsvedza asi haikwanise kukunda fizikisi.
• Brake assist: inowedzera braking simba kana sisitimu yanzwa kumira kwekukurumidzira. Inoita pane pedal pressure, kwete pakubata.
• Yambiro yekudhumhana uye otomatiki mabhureki echimbichimbi: inogona kusashanda zvakanaka kana masensa akafukidzwa nechando kana aizi, kana mumigwagwa inotsvedza. Chengetedza masensa akachena, uye usavimbe nawo mumamiriro ekunze akaipa.
• Cruise control uye adaptive cruise control: vadzivise mumigwagwa inotsvedza, nekuti vanogona kushandisa simba panguva isiriyo.

Kutarisa matayi mushure mekutsvedza kana kukwira curb¶

Skid inogumira pakatarisana nemuchinjiko inogona kupeta mavhiri, kukuvadza matayi, uye kusamira zvakanaka. Mushure mekuita chero chipi zvacho, paka zvakachengetedzeka uye tarisa matai kuti haana maburi, machekwa, kana tambo dziri pachena. Tarisa marimu emavhiri kuti aonekwe. Kana motokari ichidhonzera kune rimwe divi, ichizununguka, kana kuti chidhiraivho chabva pakati, ita kuti zvitariswe usati watyaira kure.

Ongororawo matsimba ematai. Kudonha kunononoka mushure mekurova muvharo kunogona kukonzera kuputika. Kana usina chokwadi, tyaira zvishoma nezvishoma uchienda kugaraji, kana kufonera rubatsiro rweparutivi rwemugwagwa.

Rondedzero pfupi yepfungwa yemazuva echando¶

Mhanya nemibvunzo iyi usati wasimuka uye maminitsi mashoma munzira. Vanotora masekondi, uye imwe neimwe inoderedza njodzi yako.

1. Ndinofanira kufamba here iye zvino, kana kuti ndingamirira kuti migwagwa irapwe?
2. Mahwindo angu, maraiti, nemanumber plates angu zvakajeka here?
3. Tembiricha yemhepo iri padyo kana pasi pe 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit), zvichireva kuti aizi inogoneka pamabhiriji nemigwagwa ine mimvuri?
4. Ndiri kutyaira nespeed inoita kuti ndimire kure kwandinoona kwakachena?
5. Ko gwanza rangu rekutevera rakareba zvakakwana, masekonzi masere kusvika gumi here?
6. Ndinoziva here pandichamira kana mugwagwa uri mberi ukashata?
7. Foni yangu yakachajwa, uye ndaudza mumwe munhu nzira yangu?

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Ndopomba mabhureki paaizi here?¶

Kana mota yako iine ABS, usapombe mabhureki. Dzvanya pedal zvakasimba uye uibate, uye tarisira kupuruzira uye kurira, zvinoreva kuti system iri kushanda. Kana mota yako isina ABS, dzvanya mabhureki zvinyoro nyoro uye woregedza zvishoma kana mavhiri akakiyiwa, kuti ugone kudhiraivha. Kana usina chokwadi, bvisa bhureki neanomhanyisa uye tungamira kwaunoda kuenda.

Ndeipi nzira yandinoita nayo mu skid?¶

Tungamira kwaunoda kuti kumberi kwemota kuende, kunowanzova kutungamira kumashure kwemota kutsvedza. Tarisa nzira yaunoda kutora uye chengetedza kufamba kwako kudiki uye kwakatsetseka. Sezvo mota inomira, ruramisa vhiri nekukurumidza kuti mota isazungunuke neimwe nzira.

Ndinogona kutyaira paaizi nhema zvakachengeteka zvachose?¶

Iwe haugone kuita kuti aizi nhema ive yakachengeteka, asi unogona kuderedza njodzi nekutyaira zvishoma nezvishoma, kuchengetedza gap hombe, uye kunzvenga kamwe kamwe chidhiraivha, braking, kana kumhanya. Kana iwe uchifungidzira dema chando kumberi, simudza throttle nekukurumidza uye rega mota ipinde nepachigamba mumutsara wakatwasuka. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kwazvo, kunonotsa rwendo rwako kana kuti mira panzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Mavhiri ese anodzivirira kutsvedza pachando here?¶

Kwete, mavhiri ese anobatsira nekumhanyisa asi haabatsire zvakanyanya nebhureki kana kona paaizi. Matayi achiri nekubata kushoma, uye mota yeAWD inotsvedza senge chero ipi kana iwe ukabvunza yakawandisa. Matai echando, kumhanya kwakaderera, uye mukaha unotevera wakareba zvakakosha zvakanyanya pakugara uchitonga.

Kwatariswa¶

• NHTSA (United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) nhungamiro pakutyaira kwechando, anti lock mabhureki, uye zvemagetsi kugadzikana kudzora.
• AAA (American Automobile Association) matipi ekutyaira munguva yechando pane skids uye braking.
• National Weather Service (United States) ruzivo pamusoro pechando nhema nemvura inotonhora.
• Met Office (United Kingdom) zano rekutyaira munzvimbo dzine chando.
• National Highways (England) yechando kutyaira kutungamira uye Iyo Highway Code inotonga pakutyaira munzvimbo ine chando nechando.
• Kutakura Canada ruzivo rwekutyaira munguva yechando uye kutungamira matayi echando.
• Ready.gov (Dhipatimendi reUnited States reHomeland Security) kutungamira kwemamiriro ekunze echando.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Hydroplaning uye skid kupora
• Yechando mota kit uye pre-yechando cheki yemotokari
• Kutyaira mumhute, kunaya kwechando uye kuchena
• Yakanamira muchando: chera kunze, kudhonza uye nguva yekudaidzira rubatsiro
• Madutu echando