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Pottery Kiln Fires, Molten Metal Moisture Explosions, uye Workshop Kiln Safety.

Nhamba dze emergency dzinosiyana nenyika. Iri peji rinoshandisa 911, nhamba yeUnited States neCanada. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa 112, 999, kana imwe nhamba. Tsvaga nhamba yenyika yako.

Kuseri kwemba kwesimbi-kukandira kwakavamba, masitudiyo ehari yedongo, uye magirazi-kusanganisa maworkshops anoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya kwemaindasitiri pakati pe 660 ne1,350 madhigirii celsius (1,220 uye 2,460 madhigirii Fahrenheit). Mumba kana chikoro chinonyungudutsa aluminiyamu, bhuronzi, ndarira, kana simbi mukati me propane kana electric crucible virace, njodzi imwechete yakanyanya njodzi ndeye ** yakanyungudutswa yesimbi mwando kuputika kwemhepo **. Kana donhwe rimwe chete remvura yemvura, dova remangwanani, ziya, unyoro hwengura, kana simbi yakanyorovesa skimmer tool inonyura pasi pepamusoro pealuminium yakanyunguduka (660+ degrees Celsius / 1,220+ degrees Fahrenheit) kana bhuronzi yakanyungudutswa (*1,050+ madhigirii Celsius / 1,920+ madhigirii emvura anodonha madhigirii Fahrenheit), pakarepo mumhepo inopisa uye ** inowedzera kusvika pa1,600 kusvika ku3,500 nguva dzayo yekutanga mvura yemvura ** isingasviki millisecond. Izvo zvinokonzeresa supersonic steam kuputika inovhuvhuta zvese zviri mukati me crucible yakananga mudenga sekuputika kwegomo, ichinaya mushandisi uye sirin'i muchena-inopisa yesimbi yemvura inokonzera kuzara-pakarepo (yechitatu-nechina-dhigirii) inopisa uye inobatidza chivakwa.

Panguva imwe chete, magetsi negasi hari yehari uye magirazi egirazi zvinouya zvinotizira zvekupisa, kufemera muchetura, uye nemwaranzi yemaziso. Muchoto chemagetsi che ceramic chine waya kune 240-volt, 40-ku-60-ampere circuit, iyo mechanical electromagnetic relays inotenderera zvinhu zvekupisa uye kuvhara zvinogona ** kusungira zvivharo zvadzo zvemukati kuvhara , zvichiita kuti moto usateerere mutongi wayo wedhijitari uye kukwira zvisingaregi kupfuura ** 1,300 madhigirii Fahlt kusvika madhigirii eceramic kusvika 2,370 madhigirii eceramic. yelava, uriri hwezvidhinha hunopisa, uye madziro e studio ari pedyo anoputika nemoto. Kupisa miviri yevhu nekupenya mukati memba pasina kunyungudutswa kwemoto kunoburitsa carbon monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)), sulfur dioxide (\(\text{SO}_2\)), hydrofluoric acid (\(\text{HF}\)) gasi, uye simbi dzinorema dzakapfava (lead, cadmium, barium, manganese, manganese) spyholes isina infrared-inovharira eyewear inokonzeresa kuwanda kweretinal uye lens kukuvara ( glassblower's / infrared cataracts **). Kuziva nzira yekudzima hovhoni inotiza kubva pamagetsi makuru ekudimburwa, kurarama uye kubata simbi yakanyunguduka inoputika pasina kuisa mvura kune crucible mhenyu, uye kubudisa utsi hwemoto ine muchetura kunoponesa hupenyu nemastudio.

Ita izvi ikozvino

  1. klzzwxh:0012 Kuisa mvura iri mvura pluminium yakanyungudutswa, bhuronzi, kana iron kunoita kuti pave nenjodzi 1,600-kusvika-1 chitsinga chinoputika chinoburitsa simbi yakachena-inopisa; rega simbi yakanyungudutswa iome zvagara pakongiri yakaoma kana kuiviga zvine hungwaru nejecha rakaomeswa nemapfupa kana Class D yakaoma poda agent.
  2. Kanda chivharo chemagetsi chemudhuri chiri kure kana kuvhara chivharo chekunze chepropane tank pakarepo kana choto chehari chapfuta (runaway relay) kana kuti choto chinobvinza. Kana zvinhu zvinodziya zvemagetsi zvikaramba zvichirira nekupenya-kuchena-kuchipisa mushure mekunge dhijitari yedhijitari yati "ZIMA" kana kuti "relay"; kucheka simba pane main circuit breaker ndiyo ** chete ** nzira yekumisa kupisa zvinhu.
  3. Kana simbi yakanyungudutswa ikadonhera pazvipfeko, bhutsu, kana ganda, Bvisa nguo/bhutsu inotsva kana yakanyunguduka-yakanyunguduka pakarepo, wogeza ganda ratsva nemvura yepombi inotonhorera inoyerera kwemaminetsi makumi maviri azere. Kana munhu wacho angove kure nekubikira, kutonhodza ganda nemvura yakawanda inoyerera inenge yakachengeteka zvachose/isina potassium poda/inosungirwa moto. Usambofa wakabvisa simbi yakaomeswa kubva munyama yakadzika yakatsva; maona anopisa.
  4. Chengeta chivharo chechoto chehari chakanyanya kupiswa kana kuti chinopfungaira CHAKABVA pachiri kutonhora. Usambofa wakavhura chivharo chinorema chevira chena-chinopisa 1,200 °C (2,200 °F) che ceramic panguva yekutiza kana moto wepa studio; kuvhura chivharo kunoburitsa mhepo inopofumadza yekupisa uye inopenya inodarika 1,000 madhigirii Celsius yakananga kumeso kwako nepasirin'i, ichibatidza majoisheni epamusoro ipapo ipapo.
  5. Budai muchivako ichi nekukasika muende kumhepo yakachena yekunze kana honi kana vira dzikaburitsa utsi hweacrid, zai rakaora/yakatsva-inofanana nesarufa inonhuhwirira, kana kuridza alarm yecarbon monoxide. Ceramic bisque and glaze firings inoburitsa isinganhuwi carbon monoxide, corrosive sulfurhydrogenshydrogenoride* uye sulfur dioxide**oride fonera nhamba yako yemunzvimbo yechimbichimbi (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom) kana paine munhu anova nemusoro, dzungu, kuoma kwechipfuva, kana kukosora; check nhamba dze emergency uye ona carbon monoxide.
  6. Kana silicon carbide kana clay-graphite crucible ikatsemuka uye ikarasira simbi yakanyungudutswa pauriri hwekongiri yakanyorova, BUDA kuseri kwebutiro rakasimba nekukasika. Kongiri ine yakavharirwa capillary mvura uye inosungwa nemakemikari mvura yehydration; simbi yakanyungudutswa yakanyungudutswa pamamota ekongiri asina chinhu anofashaidza hunyoro huchipinda muhomwe dzechitsinga chepamusoro-soro chinoputika uye chinoparadza machunks ekongiri uye simbi inoyerera ichikwira sezvimbambaira kwemaminetsi akati wandei.
flowchart TD
    Start["Kiln, Foundry, kana Ceramic Studio Emergency"] --> EmergencyType{"Ndeipi emergency iri kuitika?"}
    EmergencyType -->|"Yakanyungudutswa Metal Steam Kuputika kana Crucible Spill"| Foundry["1. Dzima propane burner fuel valve kana electric furnace breaker<br/>2. Usambofa wakapfapfaidza mvura pasimbi yakanyungudutswa mubhodhoro kana kuti pasi<br/>3. Enda kure nekongiri inoputika inoputika <br/>4. Bvisa bhutsu / zvipfeko uye ganda rinotonhorera rinopisa pasi pemvura yepombi 20 min"]
    EmergencyType -->|"Pottery Kiln Over-Firing (Stuck Relay) kana Studio Fire"| KilnFire["1. VIMA main 240V wall breaker kana kubuditsa 50A kiln cord<br/>2. Dzima gasi rekupa gasi pane gasi/raku kilns<br/>3. RAMBAI KILN LID LAKAKHIRWA kuteya 1,200 °C inopenya kupisa mukati me firebrick<br/>4. Shandisa ABC/CO2 chokudzimisa CHETE pamoto wehuni/sherufu; fonera 911/112/999"]
    EmergencyType -->|"Kiln Glaze/Bisque Fume Inhalation kana CO Alarm"| Fumes["1. Budai mustudio kuenda kumhepo yakachena yekunze nekukurumidza<br/>2. Dzima hovhoni uri kure kana zvakachengeteka uye vhura magonhi ekunze ebay <br/>3. Tarisa kunonoka pulmonary edema kubva kuSO2 / HF / Cadmium fumes <br/>4. Fonera 911/112/999 kuti uwane oxygen uye kuongororwa kuchipatara"]

Melten metal mwando kuputika uye crucible kukundikana mune foundry

Iyo fizikisi inotyisa yekuputika-mvura yakavharirwa kuputika kweutsi

Mukukandwa kwesimbi, aruminiyamu inonyunguduka pa660 madhigirii celsius (1,220 madhigirii Fahrenheit)* uye inowanzodirwa pa*700 kusvika 760 madhigirii celsius (1,300 kusvika 1,400 madhigirii Fahrenheit)**, ukuwo bhuronzi nendarira zvichidirwa pa*1,000 kusvika 1,000 kusvika 1,150 madhigirii 1,150 00 kusvika 1,158 celsius. F

Kana mvura yemvura ikaunzwa netsaona ** pamusoro** pesimbi inopisa, inotamba zvisingakuvadzi pamusoro pepamusoro pecushion yemhute (the Leidenfrost effect) uye inobuda ichikwira kumusoro. Zvisinei, kana kunyange ** giramu rimwe chete (donhwe rimwe diki) rehunyoro rikatakurwa PASI pamusoro pesimbi yakanyungudutswa **, chisimba chechikamu-shanduko chekuchinja chinoitika:

  1. Pakarepo kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera kwe1,600x volumetric: Yakanyura pasi pesimbi inorema pa750 kusvika 1,200 °C, mvura inopenya kubva pamvura ichienda kumhunga mumamicroseconds. Pa100 °C kufashaira kwemhepo, mvura inowedzera **1,600 nguva muhuwandu **; yakanyanya kupisa kusvika 750 °C mukati mealuminium yakanyungudutswa, bubble rehutsi rinowedzera kupfuura ka3,500 muvhoriyamu kanenge ipapo.
  2. Acoustic shockwave fragmentation: Iri kuwedzera bhavhu rehutsi rinopwanya simbi yakatenderedza kuita mamirioni emadonhwe epamusoro-pamusoro-soro, kuendesa kupisa nekukasira mukuzvisimudzira kuputika kwemhute kunodira 10-kilogiramu (22-paundi) inorovera padenga nepamadziro mumasekonzi 0.05 mumasekonzi 0.05.

Zvinowanzokonzera kuseri kwemba uye maindasitiri foundry kuputika

Unyoro kana Chemical Source Iyo Inopinda Sei Munyungudika Yakanyungudika Sei Rinoputika Kudzivirira Rule
** Inotonhora kana isina-Preheated Ingots / Zvimedu Metal ** Caster anodonhedza ingot yealuminium inotonhora, chinwiwa chinogona kuunganidza, kana kukanda chikamu chakananga mudziva rakatonyungudutswa resimbi uchishandisa mbariro. Kunyangwe pazuva rakaoma, simbi inotonhora inotakura zvisingaoneki adsorbed mumhepo mumhepo, dova remangwanani, kana hydrated aluminium oxide/ngura (\(\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3\cdot\text{H}_2\text{O}\)) pamusoro payo uye mukati me microscopic pores. GARA preheat ingot yega yega, chidimbu chechidimbu, skimmer, uye kudurura shank pamusoro pechivharo chechoto pedza maminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu kusvika pamusoro 150 kusvika 200 °C (300 kusvika 400 °F) usati wainyudza musimbi yakanyunguduka.
**Hollow Seed Scrap, Beverage Cans, kana Pistons ** Kunyunguduka akapwanyika masoda magaba ane akavharirwa madhiri emvura, simbi isina machubhu, hydraulic cylinders, kana mapiston akakanda ane mukati memhango. Yakavharirwa mvura yemvura, mafuta, kana mhepo mukati megomba rakavharwa haigone kutiza kudzamara madziro ekunze anyunguduka pasi pemvura, achiburitsa bhomba repamusoro-pasi pevhu Usambofa wakanyudza zvinhu zvisina buri, magaba ezvinwiwa akanyorova, kana zvimedu zvine mafuta muchitsitsinho chakanyungudutswa; chera maburi uye gadzira yakaoma kutanga
Kunyorova kweGreen-Sand Mold kana Damp Ingot Mold Kudira simbi yakanyungudutswa mune isina-preheated cast-iron muffin tin/ingot mold ine condensation, kana mugirinhi-jecha rine mvura yakawandisa kana kuvharika kwemhepo. Utsi hunobuda pasi pesimbi inorema haigoni kubuda nepasi pesimbi isinganyungudike uye inofuridza simbi yakanyungudutswa ichidzosera kunze sprue pachiso chemupfuri. Preheat metal ingot molds kusvikira pfupa-yakaoma uye ichidziya kune kubata; bvisa zviumbwa zvejecha zvakanyatsonaka uye usambomira zvakananga pamusoro pekudururira sprue
Nekunyunguduka Kudira paBare Concrete Floor Makororo anotsemuka kana kuti mbariro inotsvedza, ichirasira simbi yakanyungudutswa pagaraji rekongiri slab Concrete inobata ** 3% kusvika 6% yemvura yakasununguka uye yakasungwa nemakemikari **; kupisa kwakanyanya kunoshandura hunyoro hwepasi-pasi kuita chiutsi chepamusoro-soro chinopwanya sirabhu yekongiri uye kukanda kongiri chena-inopisa uye zvimedu zvesimbi kumusoro. Usamboisa choto chekuvakira kana kudira simbi yakanyunguduka pamusoro pekongiri isina chinhu; gara uchishanda pamusoro pe5-to-10 cm (2-to-4 mukati) mubhedha wejecha rakaoma kana tsvina

Danger

Usambofa wakakanda kana kunyungudutsa simbi pamusoro pekongiri isina chinhu driveway, garaji pasi, kana patio slab. Kana ivhu-graphite kana kuti silicon carbide crucible ikatsemuka pa1,000 madhigirii celsius uye yarasira makirogiramu mashanu ebhuronzi yakanyungudutswa kana aruminiyamu pakongiri, pasi rekongiri rinotanga kuputika pasi pemvura mukati memasekonzi maviri kusvika ku5, kuputika zvimedu zvekongiri uye simbi yemvura yakananga mumakumbo ako, zvidya, uye mumaziso. Gara uchiseta bhokisi rako revira uye mold yekudururira mukati mebhokisi hombe resimbi rakazadzwa neinenge 5 kusvika 10 masendimita (2 kusvika 4 inches) yebhonzo-yakaoma jecha.

Nhanho-ne-nhanho yekutanga rubatsiro rwekunyungudutswa kwesimbi inoputika inopisa uye moto wekuwana

1. Kudzora nzvimbo yekuwana pasina kukonzera kuputika kwechipiri

  1. ** Dzima mafuta kana magetsi nekukasika:** Vhara vharuvhu pahumburumbira yepropane (iri mhepo uye kure nechoto) kana kuti flip off the electric furnace breaker.
  2. Kana simbi yakanyunguduka yawira pasi kana kubatidza huni/makadhibhokisi ari pedyo:
  3. usamboshandisa hose yemvura, mop yakanyorova, kana chokudzimisa mvura/ne furo pese pese pese pese pese padhuze nesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakabatanidzwa.
  4. Kana simbi yakanyungudutswa yakagara pamubhedha wejecha wakaoma, isiye yega kuti iome uye inotonhorera (kuchengetedza munhu wese kumashure sezvo ichipenya zvakanyanya infrared heat). Kana uchifanira kudzima simbi yakanyunguduka kana kuti simbi diki inobvira, foshoro zvinyoro nyoro jecha rinoomeswa nemapfupa, munyu wakaoma, kana hupfu hwakaoma hweClass D pamusoro payo usingasashike.
  5. Shandisa kemikari yakaoma (ABC) kana \(\text{CO}_2\) chokudzimisa moto pakupisa mabhenji emapuranga kana madziro kure kubva padziva resimbi remvura.

2. Kurapa simbi yakanyungudutswa inotsva paganda, tsoka, uye maziso

Aluminium yakanyungudutswa (660+ °C) uye bhuronzi (1,050+ °C) inotakura kupisa kwakanyanya kupisa (latent heat of fusion pamwe nekupisa chaiko) pane kufashaira mvura kana mafuta ekubikisa anopisa:

  1. ** Bvisa bhutsu, magirovhosi, kana zvipfeko nekukasira kana simbi yakanyunguduka ikanyura mukati mazvo:**
  2. Kukuvara kwakanyanya kunoremadza kunoitika kana kupfachuka kwesimbi yakanyunguduka kwagara pamusoro pebhutsu dzemachira kana kudonhedza cuff yebhutsu kana gauntlet girovhosi, ichipisa yakananga nepamusoro petsoka (dorsum) muextensor tendons uye tarsal mapfupa.
  3. ** Dhonza bhutsu kana girovhosi musingasviki 2 masekonzi ** (ndosaka vashandi vekutanga vachifanira kupfeka ** elastic-sided slip-pamatehwe Congress gaiter bhutsu ** pasi pema spats asingasviki pane bhutsu dzakasungwa).
  4. Kana simbi yakanyungudutswa yakatsva nembatya uye ikaomesa mukati meganda rakadzika, rakatsva, **usabvise ganda rinobatirira **, asi cheka zvese zvakatenderedza jira rinopfungaira nekukasika.
  5. Geza ganda ratsva pamurwere pasi pemvura yemupombi inotonhorera inoyerera kwemaminitsi makumi maviri akazara:
  6. Kana munhu anenge abatwa achinge adhonzwa kubva muchoto, ** pakarepo kutonhora kupisa pamuviri wavo nemvura inotonhorera inoyerera yepombi kwemaminetsi makumi maviri anoenderera **; maona anopisa. (Kunyange usingambofi wakaisa mvura muchidimbu chesimbi yakanyungudutswa, kuisa mvura yemupombi inoyerera kusvika painopfapfaidza simbi panhengo yemunhu kwakakosha kutora simba rinopisa rasara uye kumisa kuparadzwa kwakadzika kwetishu.)
  7. Usambofa wabvisa zvidimbu zvesimbi zvakaomeswa kubva mukupisa kwakadzika kwegota:
  8. Kupisa kwesimbi yakanyunguduka kunowanzo gadzira gomba rakabatana, rakatsva, rine dehwe rine bhatani realuminium kana bhuronzi rakasungwa nechando. Tonhodza pamusoro pesimbi pasi pemvura inoyerera kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, vhara zvisina tsarukano nefirimu rekudya risina utachiona kana hembe yakachena isina kunamatira, uye rega vanovhiya vanopisa vabvise simbi muchipatara.
  9. Simbi yakanyungudutswa kana slag inopisa muziso:
  10. Geza ziso nekukasira uye zvinyoronyoro nesaline inotonhorera inotonhorera kana mvura yemupombi yakachena inodziya kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu, ** usamboedza kusimudza simbi yakaomeswa yakaraswa kubva pacornea nematinji **, vhara maziso ese nenhovo yakasimba pamusoro peziso rakakuvara, uye fonera 911 / 112 / 999; maona kukuvara kwemaziso.

Pottery negirazi honi yekukurumidzira: Runaway relays, studio moto, uye muchetura utsi.

Iyo honi yehari yemagetsi inopinda sei "Thermal Runaway" (Stuck Relay Failure)

Makomputa emazuva ano emagetsi e ceramic kilns anoshandisa 240-volt (kana 208/400-volt matatu-phase) zvinhu zvekudziya zvinobatidzwa nekudzimwa zviuru zvenguva panguva ye10-awa yekupfurwa nema mechanical electromagnetic relays. Kupfuura mazana emafiritsi, magetsi arcing anoisa sirivheri-alloy mabatiro mukati meiyo relay kusvika ** iyo relay contacts azvibatanidza zvachose pamwechete **.

Kana relay ikavharika (kana kuti kiln sitter mechanical cone inonyunguduka isina kudonhedza huremu huremu, kana thermocouple inodhonza zvishoma kubva pamadziro ezvidhinha saka inoverenga inotonhorera):

  1. Dhijitari controller haigone kumisa kupisa: Kunyangwe iyo digital controller sikirini ichipenya FTL (Kupfura Kwakareba), ERR1, kana TC kodhi yekukanganisa uye inoraira moto kuti udzime, magetsi emagetsi anoramba achiyerera akananga kuburikidza neakadhindwa relay mameta muzvinhu zvekudziya pa ** 100% simba **.
  2. Kunyunguduka kweCeramic nekupwanywa kwezvidhinha zvemoto: Sezvo tembiricha yemukati inokwira ichipfuura Cone 10 (1,300 madhigirii celsius / 2,370 madhigirii Fahrenheit) yakananga 1,400+ madhigirii Celsius (2,550+ madhigirii Fahrenheit), moto wakaderera kana kuti pakati pepakati pemvura inonyungudutsa madhigirii evhu anonyungudutsa madhigirii evhu anopwanya. masherufu emoto pauriri hwezvidhina zvemoto, kunyungudutsa chidhina chemoto chinodzivirirwa uye kudonhedza simbi yakanyungudutswa ye ceramic slag kuburikidza nesimbi yepasi pani pauriri hwehuni kana vinyl pazasi.

Nhanho-ne-nhanho mhinduro kune yakawandisa-kupisa yehari yehari kana mukamuri yemoto

  1. Cheka simba remagetsi rekutanga pane chinoputsa madziro kana kubuditsa rinorema 50A renji/hovhoni plug PASI PASI:
  2. Kudzvanya "MISA" pakiyipadhi yedhijitari yechoto hakuiti ** hapana ** kana relay yemukati yakavharwa.
  3. Enda nekukasira kumadziro-akamisikidzwa ** bvisa switch kana main circuit breaker panel ** uye flip the kiln breaker ku ** OFF ** (kana dhonza rinorema 240V plug kubva pachigadziko chemadziro uchishandisa girovhosi yeganda rakaoma kana pasina arcing pakubuda).
  4. Kune ** gasi-yakapiswa kana yekunze raku kiln **, vhara huru propane humburumbira vharafu kana chaiwo gasi quarter-turn shutoff valve nekukasika.
  5. ** Chengeta Kiln Lid uye gonhi Rakanyatsovharwa:**
  6. Usambofa wakavhura chivharo chevira chena-inopisa kana kuti yeorenji-inopisa kuti "kupisa kubude." Iwo 65-to-75-millimeter (2.5-to-3-inch) madziro ezvidhinha anodzivirirwa akagadzirwa kuti ave ne1,300 °C kupisa zvakachengetedzeka mukati mekamuri. Kuvhura chivharo kunoburitsa mbiru isingatsungirike yeinopenya infrared kupisa uye nemhepo inopisa kwazvo iyo inobatidza ipapo ipapo pamusoro pedenga drywall/joists, inopwanya magirazi ako emaziso, uye inopisa zvakanyanya kumeso nemhepo.
  7. Kunyangwe siya diki ceramic ** peepole plugs akaiswa ** kana marimi kana kupisa kwakanyanya kunopenya kuri kuburitsa spyholes kumadziro ari pedyo.
  8. Bvisa zvinobatidza kubva kunze kwechoto uye buritsa utsi hune chepfu:
  9. Uchishandisa mubato wakareba wemutsvairo kana bhachi resimbi rekunze richipisa zvakanyanya, dhonza chero mabhaketi epurasitiki, mabhokisi evhu wekadhibhodhi, mapuranga, kana maketeni kure neperimita yechoto.
  10. Batidza feni yemukamuri iri pamusoro uye vhura magonhi/mahwindo ekunze kuti ubudise utsi hunobva muvhu rakanyunguduka kana kuti wakisi kuramba, wobva wabuda mukamuri** uku honi ichitonhora zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaawa gumi nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana.
  11. Kana pasi pasi pehovhoni kana madziro epa studio abatira moto:
  12. Budisa munhu wese, vhara gonhi re studio kuti rive nehutsi, uye ** fonera 911 / 112 / 999 nekukurumidza **.
  13. Kana magetsi 240V asimbiswa ** AKADZIMA**, unogona kushandisa **Kirasi ABC yakaoma kemikari kana \(\text{CO}_2\) chokudzimisa moto ** kudonhedza mirazvo pauriri hwemapuranga kana kusherufu pahwaro hwechoto; **usafe wakapfapfaidza mvura yemvura pachoto yemagetsi inopisa-inopenya **, inozopwanya zvidhinha zvinopisa uye kuita kuputika kwechitsinga chinopisa; maona moto wemba.
  14. Dzivisa ceramic fiber gumbeze (kaowool) uye refractory firebrick inhalation yeguruva panguva yekuchenesa mushure memoto:
  15. Ceramic fiber insulation magumbeze uye zvidhinha zvakaputsika zvinodzivirira zvinopisa zvinopisa kupfuura 980 madhigirii celsius (1,800 madhigirii Fahrenheit) zvinopinda mu cristobalite, chimiro chine muchetura checrystalline silica inofema. Usafe wakatsvaira kana kupukuta honi yakakuvara mushure mekupisa-moto usina kupfeka **NIOSH P100 / FFP3 particulate respirator **, magirovhosi e nitrile, uye kudzivirira maziso.

Muchetura Ceramic kiln utsi, glaze poisoning, uye raku carbon monoxide

Kupisa ivhu mbishi (bisque firing) uye makemikari anopenya zvinokonzeresa maitiro emakemikari ekupisa anoburitsa magasi ane njodzi mudzimba dzisina kuvhurika, dzimba dzepasi, magaraji, uye makirasi:

Kupfura Danho kana Material Magasi ane Toxic uye Mavhuvhu Akaburitswa Acute Symptoms of Exposure Emergency First Aid & Safety Protocol
Bisque Kupfura (300 kusvika 900 °C / 570 kusvika 1,650 °F)
(Kupisa kweorganic matter, carbon, iron pyrites, uye fluorides muvhu remusikirwo, pamwe newax resist)		 Carbon Monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)), Sulfur Dioxide (\(\text{SO}_2\)), Sulfur Trioxide (\(\text{SO}_3\)), Hydrogen Fluoride (\(\text{HF}\)), uye acrid hydrocarbon aldehydes Kurwadza kwemusoro kumberi, dzungu, kuda kurutsa, kuvhiringika (\(\text{CO}\) poisoning); kukosora kwakapinza, maziso ari kupisa/pahuro, uye kufemereka (\(\text{SO}_2\) / \(\text{HF}\) acid gasi) Enda kumhepo itsva pakarepo; magonhi akazaruka/mahwindo; tsvaga okisijeni yekurapa kwekukurumidzira kana musoro, dzungu, kana kupfupika kwekufema kuchiitika; maona carbon monoxide
Glaze & Luster Kupfura (700 kusvika 1,300 °C)
(Volatilization yesimbi colorants, fluxes, uye simbi inopenya inopenya)		 vaporized Lead, Cadmium, Barium, Manganese, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, pamwe ne chlorine/fluorine magasi uye zvine muchetura resin solvents (mafuta elavender / nitrobenzene mune goridhe rinopenya) Metallic kuravira, kusimba kwechipfuva, acute chemical pneumonitis (kunyanya kubva **cadmium kana manganese fumes **), uye acute neurological headache. Budai mukamuri isina kuvhurika pakarepo; usambogara mukamuri uchipfura zvinopenya, pendi dzechina, kana heavy-metal glazes pasina moto unopisa unopisa uri kunze.
**Raku Post-Firing Reduction **
(Kudhonza hari dzvuku-zvinopisa 980 °C kubva muchoto nembato nekudziisa mumagaba esimbi akazara nebepanhau, masaha, kana mashizha)		 Mapaipi makuru e Carbon Monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)), Hydrogen Cyanide (\(\text{HCN}\)), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, uye hutsi hwehuni hwakakora; kamwe kamwe backdraft flare-up kana bhini rekudzikisa chivharo chatsemuka Kamwe kamwe kumeso / eyebrow flash inopisa kana mhepo ichipinda mubhini rekudzikisa nzara uye inobatidza isina kupiswa pyrolysis gasi; utsi hwakanyanya uye \(\text{CO}\) inhalation ** Ita raku zvakasimba kunze ** ingangoita 6 m (20 ft) kubva kune zvivakwa; ** burp / kutsemura kudzikisira kunogona kuvhara kubva padivi nembato refu ** uchichengeta chiso kumashure kudzivirira backdraft fireball
**Munyu, Soda, & Huni Kiln Mhepo Inopenya **
(Kusuma sodium chloride munyu kana sodium carbonate mubhokisi remoto rinosvika 1,260 °C)		 Makore machena machena e Hydrochloric Acid (\(\text{HCl}\)) gasi uye vaporized sodium oxide Pakarepo kukosora kwakanyanya, laryngospasm, kupisa kwecorneal, uye kunonoka kemikari bronchitis kana pulmonary edema. Mira wakanyatso simudza mhepo panze wakapfeka asidhi-gasi katuriji yekufemesa uye kumwaya magirazi panguva yemunyu/soda sumo; pukuta maziso/ nzira yekufema kana yaonekwa
**Dry Glaze Powder & Silica Clay Dust **
(Kusanganisa silika yakaoma, feldspar, barium carbonate, lithium, cobalt, kana lead frits)		 Respirable crystalline **Silica guruva ** pamwe nechepfu heavy-metal munyu (inopinzwa kana kufemerwa panguva yakaoma musanganiswa kana sanding bisqueware) Kudya kwakanyanya: Barium carbonate kana soluble cobalt/lead glazes yakamedzwa nevana kana mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinokonzera kurutsa kwakanyanya kweGI, cardiac arrhythmias, uye neurotoxicity. Kuzadza: USASHANDISA kurutsa; sukurudza muromo, unza glaze resipi/mudziyo, uye fonera Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 muUS) kana 911/112/999 nekukurumidza; maona chepfu

Workshop kiln uye backyard foundry kuchengetedza cheki

  • ** Inosungirwa 45-kusvika-90-centimita (18-kusvika-36-inch) kubvisirwa simende uye simende-bhodhi pasi pedhi: ** Isa yega yega ceramic pini painogadzirwa nesimbi inomira pamusoro pekongiri isingabatike kana kaviri-layer simende-bhodhi padhi (isina kumbobvira yananga pahuni, vinyl, kana barepeti), isina kumbogara pamadziro ekongiri, uye isingambo gara pamadziro ekongiri. zvishoma 45 kusvika 90 masendimita (18 kusvika 36 inches) kure.
  • ** Isa backup yakakwira-muganho yekuchengetedza yekubata / Kiln Sitter uye tarisa kudzima kupfura: ** Usambofa wakasiya moto wemagetsi uchipfutidza usina kutarisirwa nehusiku humwe usina backup ** mechaniki Kiln Sitter ** kana yakazvimirira ** yakakwirira-muganho yekuchengetedza relay contactor ** inocheka simba kana yekutanga relay welds yakavharwa.
  • Active downdraft kiln vent uye Carbon Monoxide detector: Bvisa utsi hwese hwemukati memba zvakananga panze uchishandisa powered downdraft kana overhead canopy hood, woisa digital Carbon Monoxide (\(\text{CO}\)) alarm kunze kwemba yekubira.
  • ** Pfeka Shade 1.7 kusvika 3.0 IR/UV-inovharisa magirazi egirini welding kana didymium/IR kiln magirazi paunotarisa mumaburi anopenya:** Magirazi ezuva akasviba eUV haavhari **** kuvhara infrared (IR) thermal radiation; kutarisa mu1,200 °C kiln spyhole isina IR-yakatemerwa magirazi ekuchengetedza inobika lenzi yeziso nekufamba kwenguva, zvichikonzera **infrared cataracts **.
  • Chirango chekubvisa mwando: Shanda chete pamusoro pemubhedha wakadzika wejecha rakaoma bhonzo (risina kumbovharwa kongiri), preheat ingot yega yega uye mudziyo wesimbi kusvika 150+ °C usati wanyungudika, uye pfeka bhutsu dzematehwe dzinotsvedza dzakafukidzwa nematehwe, apuroni yeganda, akaruminis

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Sei donhwe rimwe chete remvura pane inotonhora yealuminium ingot ichikonzera kuputika kwesimbi yakanyunguduka kana yakadonhedzwa mugirosi?

Kana simbi inotonhora ine chero kadikidiki kadiki-diki kekumisikidzwa kwepamusoro, dova remangwanani, kana ngura yakanyungudutswa ikasundirwa pasi pearuminiyamu yakanyunguduka (pa700 degrees Celsius / 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit) kana bhuronzi (pa1,050 degrees Celsius / 1,920 madhigirii Fahrenheit padivi pemvura inorema inotenderedzwa nemvura inorema). simbi. Musingasviki millisecond, donhwe iro rinopenya mumhepo inopisa uye rinowedzera kusvika pakati pe1,600 ne3,500 nguva dzayo yekutanga mvura. Nekuda kwekuti chiutsi chinovharirwa pasi pesimbi yakanyungudutswa yakanyungudutswa kwete kubuda zvisina njodzi kubva pamusoro, kukurumidza kwevhoriyamu yekuwedzera kunoita sekuputika kukuru kuri pasi pekunyunguduka, kuchiputitsa zvese zviri mucrucible zvakananga kubva muchoto.

Sei honi yangu yehari yemagetsi ichiramba ichipisa uye ichinyungudusa masherufu angu kunyangwe mutongi wedhijitari aratidza kukanganisa uye akadzima "kudzima"?

Makoni emagetsi emukombuta anoshandisa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi kushandura magetsi akakwira-amperage 240-volt kumidziyo yekudziya nekudzima zviuru zvenguva panguva yekupfura. Sezvo marelay macontacts apera kubva pamagetsi arcing, simbi dzinobata mukati meiyo relay dzinogona kuzvibatanidza pamwe chete munzvimbo yakavharwa ("ON"). Kamwe relay welds yakavharwa, dhijitari redhijitari bhodhi haichakwanisa kudzima simba kune iyo seti yezvinhu zvekudziya, kunyangwe skrini ichiratidza kodhi yekukanganisa kana ichiti "COMPLETE," saka honi inoramba ichipisa zvisingadzoreki kudzamara mumwe munhu adzima pamadziro edunhu guru kana kusunungura honi.

Sei usingambodi kudira simbi yakanyungudutswa kana kumisa choto chekuseri kwemba panzira isina chinhu yekongiri kana pasi pegaraji?

Kongiri yakarapwa inogara iine 3 kusvika 6 muzana yakavharirwa hunyoro hwecapillary uye mvura yakasungwa nemakemikari ye hydration mukati meiyo mineral matrix. Kana simbi yakanyungudutswa ikatsemuka kana kuteura simbi yakanyungudutswa pa700 kusvika 1,200 madhigirii celsius pane isina chinhu, kupisa kwakanyanyisa kunofashaisa mwando unovharirwa mamirimita mashoma pasi pekongiri mumhepo ine simba guru. Nemhaka yokuti kongiri yakakora haigoni kuburitsa chipfunga ichocho nokukurumidza zvakakwana, pasi rekongiri rinoputika nechisimba uye rinoputika richikwira kumusoro sezvinoita pfuti inoputika, ichikanda zvimedu zvekongiri zvakapinza nesimbi chena-inopisa munzvimbo yose. Gara uchiisa mafirini uye mold mukati metireyi izere neinenge 5 kusvika 10 masendimita (2 kusvika 4 inches) yebhonzo-rakaoma jecha.

Ini ndinoda chaizvo magirazi ekuvharisa infrared kuti ndingodongorera muspyhole yehari yehari kwemasekonzi mashoma kuti nditarise makoni ezvapupu?

Ehe. Kana vira receramic rasvika kupisa kweorange-kusvika-chena (900 kusvika 1,300 madhigirii celsius / 1,650 kusvika 2,370 madhigirii Fahrenheit), spyhole yakashama inoburitsa danda rakasimba reiyo infrared (IR) yekupisa kwemwaranzi padivi pechiedza chinooneka. Magirazi ezuva ese ezuva nezuva anongovhara mwaranzi yeultraviolet (UV) uye kupenya kunooneka; kutaura zvazviri, kupfeka magirazi ezuva akasviba pasina IR sefa kwakaipa pane kusapfeka chinhu nekuti rima reti rinowedzera vadzidzi vako kuvhurika, richibvumira kunyange yakawedzera infrared kupisa mwaranzi kuti itarise zvakananga pane crystalline lens uye retina yeziso rako. Gara wakabata kana kupfeka ANSI Z87.1 Shade 1.7 kusvika 3.0 infrared-blocking kiln glasses (kana green oxy-acetylene brazing lens) pese paunotarisa makoni anopisa ezvapupu.

*Nhungamiro iyi inopa kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira uye ruzivo rwekutanga rwekutanga kumoto weceramic kiln, utsi hwehupfu hunopisa, uye tsaona dzesimbi dzakanyungudutswa uye hazvitsivire kudzidziswa kwekuchengetedza maindasitiri kana kurapwa kwekiriniki. Funga kutora yakabvumidzwa yekutanga rubatsiro uye CPR kosi kubva kuRed Cross, St John Ambulance, kana yako yenyika kuchengetedza sangano.

Mazano anoenderana

Kwatariswa

  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Foundry Molten Metal Moisture Explosion Prevention, Personal Protective Equipment for Molten Metal Operations (29 CFR 1910.132 / 1910.133 Infrared Eye Protection), uye Toxic Metals muCeramic Glazes.
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Masimbi Akanyungudutswa: Kudzivirira Kuputika kweMvura/Kunyorova muZviwanikwa uye Kushandiswa Kwakachengeteka kweKilns muCeramics uye Dzidzo.
  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): Chiyero cheOvheni neMafuro (NFPA 86) uye Kuchenesa Kiln yeMagetsi uye Over-Temperature Cutoff Zvinodiwa
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Kudzora kweSilica Dust, Lead, Cadmium, Sulfur Dioxide, uye Carbon Monoxide muPottery Studios.
  • American Burn Association (ABA, United States): Prehospital Cooling uye Management yeDeep Molten Metal Contact Burns