Sneaker Waves, Jetty Sweeps, uye Incoming Tide Cliff Entrapment¶

A sneaker wave (inozivikanwawo sea sleeper wave, king wave, kana infragravity surge) ifungu guru risingaenzaniswi remumhenderekedzo yegungwa rinomhanya nekure uye nekukasira kumahombekombe, rock ledge, kana harbor jetty kupfuura masaisai madiki akawanda akaitangira kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mana. Inotungamirirwa nenguva yakareba-refu yegungwa regungwa rinoputika (14 kusvika 22+ masekonzi pakati pemafungu crests) anokonzerwa nemhepo yakadzika-yakadzika-yegungwa, sneaker waves anotamisa simba kuburikidza ** inovaka kupindira kwemafungu ** uye ** infragravity wave shoaling ** kugadzira pepa rinokurumidza kufamba remvura yakachena inokwira ** 50 kusvika 10 kusvika 10 metres kumhenderekedzo yegungwa* kure kure kupfuura mutsara wejecha wakadzikwa. Nekuda kwekuti masaisai anosvika pasina huso hwakareba kusvika pamasekondi ekupedzisira, vanoenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, vanoredza, uye vatori vemifananidzo vakamira pedyo nemucheto wemvura kana pamasherufu ematombo emumhenderekedzo yegungwa vanodonhedzwa patsoka dzavo mumvura yakadzika yezviziso-kumabvi uye vodhonzerwa mumhepo inotonhora nemhepo inonyura backwash.

Kunouraya zvakaenzana kumahombekombe ane matombo nde ** coastal rock uye jetty sweeps ** uye ** inopinda tide cove entrapment **. Kana varedzi, vanoona, kana vataridzi vedutu vakamira pamabhenji ebasalt echisikigo, matombo ejecha, kana matombo anoputika (riprap uye dolosse jetties), imwe chete inodarika mafungu inoburitsa zviuru zvemakirogiramu esimba re hydrodynamic pa square mita, kutsvaira vanowirwa kubva pamatombo anotsvedza-akavharidzirwa nealgae-yakavharwa nematombo machena anodonhedza matombo machena emumvura. back out. Zvichakadaro, vanofamba vachiongorora mahombekombe ehomwe, mapako egungwa, kana madhaka emvura panguva yemvura yakadzikira vanowanzowana nzira yavo yekudzokera yakatenderedza dombo rine dombo rakanyudzwa nemvura yaisimuka, vachivateya pamawere egungwa akamira sedutu remhepo richirova mujinga mebluff. Sekureva kweUnited States National Weather Service (NWS), United Kingdom Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA), neRoyal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), masaisai emateki, kutsvaira kwematombo, uye kudonha kwemvura kunopa chikamu chikuru chekunyura kwemvura inotonhora pasi rose, kunyanya kurova munhu asina kumbobvira ada kushambira.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. Spinda wakananga mukati menyika kana kutsvanzvadzira kusvika panhongonya yedombo repamusoro pakarepo unoona rima rakazvimba kana kudonhedza mvura kamwe kamwe. Kana surf ichidhonzera kumashure ichidzika nemateru emahombekombe ichiratidzira matombo nejecha zvakanyorova, kana kuti ukaona mutsara wakasviba wakachinjika uchikwira pamusoro pemavhavha ekunze, sneaker wave wasvika. Donhedza bhutsu, makamera, magumbeze, uye zvokubata hove, uye mhanya wakananga kumhenderekedzo yegungwa wakananga kumutsara wakaoma wedune kana nzvimbo yakakwirira yedombo.
2. Svetuka KUBVA padanda rekukukurwa uchienda kudivi renyika nekukasika kana mvura chena inokwira ichisvika padanda. Usambogara, kumira, kana kufamba pamatanda emahombekombe egungwa ari pedyo nejecha rakanyorova kana furo riri kuuya. Chete ** 10 kusvika 15 masendimita (4 kusvika 6 inches) yemvura chena inoputika ** inodiwa kuti iyangamire 3-ton yakazara musidhari kana danda remufiri, uchiitenderedza pamusoro pemakumbo ako, pelvis, kana chipfuva apo masaisai anopinda mukati achiidhonzera kunze.
3. Nyoresa muviri wako mugomba rakadzika redombo kana kuseri kwedombo kana masaisai ave kuda kutsemuka akananga pamusoro pedombo kana jeti uye haugone kubuda pariri. Kumira wakatwasuka uchitarisana nemafungu ari pamusoro pemvura kunopa mvura inofamba iri 30 kusvika 50 makiromita paawa (mamaira 19 kusvika 31 paawa). Donhedza pasi, tora yakagadziriswa dombo fissures, barnacle crevices, kana simbi tie-downs nemaoko maviri, ratidza musoro wako kana tsoka mukati mekuvhiya, uye bata kufema kwako kwe5 kusvika ku15 seconds apo wave crest ichipfuura pamusoro pako, wozokwevera kunzvimbo yakakwirira isati yasvika 14 kusvika 20 seconds gare gare.
4. Kana yakatsvairwa mugungwa kubva kumahombekombe egungwa kana kumahombekombe ane matombo, dzora kuvhunduka kwemvura inotonhora kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu ekutanga, bvisa bhutsu dzinorema kana dzichikukwevera pasi, uye shambira KURE kubva pamatombo ane mawere. The gasp reflex and hyperventilation of mvura inotonhora inovhundutsa mumvura iri pasi 15 degrees celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) chiso chako chinogona kunge chiri pasi pemvura. Zvikungurutsira kumusana wako, simudza chiso chako kumusoro kunze kwepfapfaidzo, kumbundira chero giya rinoputika, uye dzora kufema kwako kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu. Kana yakakukurwa kubva pasherufu yematombo kana kuti jeti, usaedze kukwira wakananga kumashure kwedombo rakarohwa nemasaisai uko masaisai anoputika anorova mabhanacle nematombo; pachinzvimbo, ikwasva 30 kusvika 50 metres (100 kusvika 165 tsoka) mugungwa mhiri kwenzvimbo inotsemuka uye kushambira wakatarisana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa wakananga kumahombekombe ane jecha, nzira yezvikepe, kana nzvimbo yakadzikama.
5. Kana ukagurwa nemafungu ari kuuya mumahombekombe egungwa kana pamawere egungwa, MIRA kuedza kuyambuka kana kushambira uchitenderedza nyika yakanyura mumvura. Kufamba uchidzika muchiuno uchitenderedza nzvimbo ine matombo pakukwira mafiro ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekutsvaira kunouraya. Fonera nhamba yako yemunharaunda yechimbichimbi (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom neIreland, 000 kuAustralia, 111 kuNew Zealand, kana kuona nhamba dze emergency) uye bvunza Coast Guard siginecha yako isati yatadza kana mvura yasvika kwauri. Kwira pabhenji repamusoro-soro rakagadzikana pamusoro pemvura yakasviba ** yakakwira-tide yegungwa uye barnacle line **, uye ** usamboedza kusunungura-kukwira ivhu rinoputika, shale, kana sandstone mawere egungwa **.
6. Kana uri munhu akatarisa achipupurira mumwe munhu atsvairwa mumhepo, fonera ve emergency emergency, kanda pasi, uye isa munhu akazvipira kuona. Usambofa wakapinda muhombe yeshorebreak kana kuti rock-ledge whitewater usina bhodhi kana zvimbi. Kanda mhete yehupenyu, inotonhorera, tire, bhegi rinoputika, kana chirongo chepurasitiki chisina chinhu chakasungirirwa pamutsara, uye sarudza mumwe amire panzvimbo yakakwirira achinongedza musoro weakabatwa kusvikira chikopokopo cheCoast Guard kana chikepe chekununura vanhu chasvika.

Sneaker wave, kutsvaira kwedombo, uye tidal entrapment sarudzo muti¶

Shandisa iyi sarudzo yemunda inoyerera kusarudza mhinduro chaiyo yekupona mukati memasekonzi kana wabatwa nekunaya kusingatarisirwe kwemahombekombe kana kukwira kwemafungu.

flowchart TD
    Start["Coastal Shoreline, Jetty, Rock Shelf, kana Tidal Cove Hazard"] --> Scenario{"Ndeipi emergency irikuitika<br/>parizvino?"}

    Scenario -->|"1. Sneaker Wave Surging Up Beach <br/>kana Kukurovera Pazasi muSurf"| BeachSurge{"Uchiri panyika <br/>kana kuti watorovera pasi?"}

    BeachSurge -->|"PaGungwa / Pedyo neDriftwood"| RunInland["1. Siya zvose giya, makamera, uye shangu nokukurumidza<br/>2. Usambomira kuseri kana pamusoro pemahombekombe egungwa <br/>3. Sprinta wakananga kukwidza kuenda kune yakaoma dunes / nzira yemahombekombe <br/>4. Kana kudzingirira imbwa musurfi: MIRA uye gara pavhu rakaoma"]

    BeachSurge -->|"Yakaroverwa Pasi muBackwash"| BackwashSurvival["1. Chera zvitsitsinho nemaoko mujecha CHETE panguva yekutanga inononoka kutsvedza <br/>2. Kana wambodhonzerwa mukati megungwa rakadzika: MIRA kurwisa zvazvino<br/>3. Kukungurukira kumashure, chengetedza nzira yekufema mukati me60-sec kutonhora kuvhunduka<br/>4. Yangarara uchipfuura mabreaker, wozoshambira wakatarisana kumahombekombe"]

    Scenario -->|"2. Wave About to Overtop<br/>Rock Ledge kana Stone Jetty"| JettyChoice{"Wakatotsvairwa mumvura here?"}

    JettyChoice -->|"Ndichiri paDombo / Jetty<br/>(Impact in 1 to 3 Seconds)"| BraceOnRock["1. USAYEDZE kumhanyisa masaisai uchitevedza jeti nhete yemvura <br/>2. Donhedza pasi seri kwedombo kana mukati memutsemurwa wedombo<br/>3. Bata matombo akadzika matombo kana mhete dzesimbi dzakagadzika nemaoko ese <br/>4. Mushure mekunge masaisai apfuura, dzvanya ipapo pakakwirira"]

    JettyChoice -->|"Yakatsvairwa Kubva paDombo / Jetty <br/>Mukubikira Whitewater"| SweptOffRock["1. USAYEDZE kukwira kumashure kwedombo rakarohwa nemasaisai<br/>2. Tuhwina kana kukanha 30 kusvika 50 m (100 kusvika 165 ft) SEAWARD mumvura yakadzika yakasvibira <br/>3. Dzora kuvhundutsa kwemvura inotonhora (kuyangarara kumashure kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu)<br/>4. Shambira uchifambirana nemhenderekedzo kuenda kumahombekombe ane jecha kana chiteshi chezvikepe chakadzikama"]

    Scenario -->|"3. Kubatwa neIncoming Tide<br/>muPocket Cove kana Sea Cave"| TideTrap["1. USASHAMBURA kana kushambira uchitenderedza nzvimbo ine matombo yakanyura <br/>2. Fonera 911 / 999 / 112 / 000 ZVINO uye bvunza COAST GUARD <br/>3. Kwira pamusoro pemutsetse wemvura wakasviba wemvura zhinji, sowe remugungwa, uye mabhanacles<br/>4. Usambo kwira akamira akatwasuka tsvina/sandstone mawere (gara paruzhowa rwakasimba)"]

Kuenzanisa 5 yakaipisisa rocky-shore uye surf-runup ngozi¶

Kunzwisisa maitiro akasiyana emuviri ari seri kwemasaisai emateki, kutsvaira kwematombo, kutsemuka kwemahombekombe, uye mafungu emvura kunobatsira vashanyi vemahombekombe kuziva zviratidzo zveyambiro vasati vatsika pajecha kana matombo.

Iyo fizikisi yema sneaker waves: Nei maminetsi makumi maviri emafungu madiki inhema dzinouraya¶

Kusiyana neiyo seismic tsunami (ona tsunami), iyo inokonzerwa nekuputika kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, ** sneaker wave ** inonzi oceanographic wave phenomenon inoitika kakawanda munguva yekuvhuvhuta, chando, uye chitubu pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yakatarisana nekumadokero inotarisana nemakungwa makuru egungwa, zvakadai se ** US Pacific Northwest uye Northern California (Oregon, Washington, Redwood Coast) , , Island Western sand Columbira British Sands Europe (Ireland, Cornwall, Scotland, Portugal, Spain, France), Chile, South Africa, Australia, uye New Zealand.

1. Kuzvimba Period vs. Wave Height: Sei 1.5-Meter Wave pa18 Seconds Inouraya Kupfuura 3-Meter Wave pa8 Sekondi.¶

Vazhinji vanoenda kumahombekombe vanongotarisa ku ** wave urefu ** kana uchitarisa fungidziro yemugungwa kana kutarisa gungwa. Nekudaro, vanoongorora nezvemakungwa vanoyera yakazara wave simba flux sebasa reese wave kureba kwakapetwa uye ** wave nguva (nguva mumasekonzi pakati pemafungu crests) **:

• Nguva pfupi-Mhepo Chop (masekonzi matanhatu kusvika kupfumbamwe): Yakagadzirwa nemhepo dzemuno pedyo nemahombekombe. Kunyange pakakwirira mamita 2,5 (mamita masere) mudenga, masaisai aya ane mawere uye akaparadzana zvikuru, achirovera kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa pajecha rokunze uye achisunda mvura shoma kumahombekombe akaoma.
• Nguva Yakareba Yekutanga Inozvimba (masekonzi gumi nemana kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri): Yakagadzirwa nemadutu ane simba 1,500 kusvika 4,000 makiromita (900 kusvika 2,500 mamaira) kunze kwegungwa. Nekuda kwekuti kuputika kwemafungu akareba kunofamba nekukurumidza kuyambuka gungwa (wave dispersion), mafungu akaparadzana pakati pemasekonzi gumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri kunze kwedutu uye anosvika kune zuva rine zuva, risina mhepo mazuva emahombekombe mamiriro ekunze asati achinja. Mumvura yakadzika, 1.5-mita (5-foot) inozvimba ne 20-second nguva ine wavelength ye 624 metres (2,047 feet) uye inotakura katatu kusimba kwemberi uye vhoriyamu yemvura ye8-sekondi 8 yemafungu emhepo.

2. Mafungu Mapoka, Kupindira Kunovaka, uye Infragravity "Bound Wave"¶

Sei gungwa richimirira maminetsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana risati ratumira sneaker hombe? 1. Wave Grouping (Sets and Lulls): Kana zvitima zviviri zvakazvimba zvine nguva yakati siyanei (semuenzaniso, masekonzi gumi nematanhatu ne17.5 masekonzi) achifamba pamwechete, anopota achidonha ** kunze kwechikamu** (achigadzira maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu emafungu akapfava, akapfava) vozokiya muchikamu (*inovaka kupindira mukureba ** uye 3- vhoriyamu), a seti . 2. Infragravity Wave Runup (Iyo Invisible Elevator): Pasi peboka rimwe nerimwe remasaisai makuru enguva refu anofamba akareba-wavelength infragravity wave (nenguva ye60 kusvika ku300 seconds). Kana boka remasaisai richitsemuka pajecha rekunze, iyi yakasungwa infragravity wave inobuda yakananga kumhenderekedzo yegungwa se-kamwe kamwe maminetsi mashanu emvura yakakwira, ichikwidza nzvimbo yekusevha mvura ne0.5 kusvika 1.5 metres (1.5 kusvika 5 tsoka) kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu. 3. ** Iyo Kaviri-Wave Piggyback Mhedzisiro: Kana iyo yekutanga seti yageza mahombekombe egungwa, mvura yaro haigone kubuda kumashure isati yasvika yechipiri neyechitatu masaisai pamusoro peiyo yakakwira infragravity surge. Kutasva mvura yesaisai yapfuura pachinzvimbo chejecha rakaoma, rechitatu kana rechina masaisai emaroketi 50 kusvika 150 metres (165 kusvika 490 tsoka) kukwira kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, achitsvaira nemutsetse wejecha rakanyorova uye achiyangarara danda rega rega rekukukurwa munzira yaro.

3. Sei Sneaker Wave Backwash Inogogodza Vakuru Mumvura Yakadzika mumabvi¶

Kufamba kwemvura yemugungwa kwakaoma (1,025 kilograms per cubic meter, kana **64 pounds per cubic foot **, pamwe ne10 kusvika 20 muzana yakawedzerwa uremu kubva kujecha rakarembera nematombo). Sneaker wave backwash inodonhedza pasi pemahombekombe egungwa inokwira kusvika ku 3 kusvika 6 metres pasekondi (10 kusvika 20 tsoka pasekondi, kana 7 kusvika 14 mph) uchikwesha jecha kubva pasi pebhutsu dzako (liquefaction scour). Kana mabvi ako achinge aturikidzana uye jasi rako rechando, jini, uye bhutsu zvazara nemvura nejecha (kuchiwedzera 15 kusvika 25 makirogiramu [33 kusvika 55 pounds]), haugone kusimuka kumashure isati yakukwevera mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye kubuda kunze. rip current.

Kupona nhanho-ne-nhanho kana ukabatwa ne sneaker wave pamhenderekedzo yegungwa¶

1. Ipo masaisai anenge achipinda mukati, mhanya wakananga kunzvimbo yakakwirira: Paunoona furo richimhanya richipfuura nemutsetse wejecha rakanyorova kana kunzwa kutinhira, kudonhedza mabhegi ekuredzesa, mabhaketi, uye mhanya wakananga kumawere, madziro egungwa, kana kuti bluff trail. Bvisa matanda ese anodonha akananga kudivi renyika; usambohwanda kuseri kwedanda, sezvo richakusimudza nekukupwanya pabhangi.
2. Panguva yekutsvedzerera kwekutanga kudzika pajecha rakanyorova, chera pasi nekufara: Kana mvura yakadzika-kusvika-shin-yakadzika ikakukwevera kumashure uchidzika nemateru emahombekombe, tambanudza maoko ako nemakumbo zvakafara, fambisa zvigunwe zvako, magokora, mabvi, uye zvitsitsinho zvebhutsu mujecha, uye rova ​​​​ne diagonally kukwira pakati pemaseji.
3. Kana wadhonzwa uchipfuura nhanho yekuputsika mumvura yakadzika, MIRA kurwisa washeni yekumashure: Kutuhwina wakananga pachimwiro chinonyura chesneaker-wave kunopedza simba rako mumasekonzi makumi maviri uye kunokonzera kufemera pamusoro pemvura kana masaisai anotevera aputika.
4. Gadzirisa 60-Second Mvura Inotonhora Inovhundutsa Protocol ("Float to Live"): Mumvura iri pasi pe15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit), kunyudza kunokonzeresa gasp reflex uye hyperventilation isingaite. Isa musoro wako kumashure kuitira kuti muromo wako nemhino zvirambe zvisina kupfapfaidza, tambanudza maoko ako nemakumbo, uye sendamira kumashure muchimiro chenyeredzi-yekutenderera kwemasekonzi makumi matanhatu kusvika kufema kwako kwadzikira. Chengetedza bhachi rako rechando rakapfeka (mhepo yakavharirwa mumapfudzi inoyangarara chipfuva chako), uye chete bvisa mawadhi anorema kana majombo kana akakwevera tsoka dzako dzakatwasuka.
5. Tiza uchienda nechekumberi semvura inoputika: Kana kufema kwako kwadzikama, kuyangarara kana kushambira wakatarisana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa uchibuda mugero rekugezesa mvura rekunze, wozokwira masaisai madiki emvura chena uchidzokera kujecha rakarereka zvinyoronyoro.

Coastal rock ledge uye harbor jetty sweep kupona¶

Kuredza padombo (kunonzi ledge fishing kuNorth America neEurope, kana rock fishing muAustralia neNew Zealand) ndechimwe chezviitiko zvinouraya zvakanyanya paawa pasi rose. Kusiyana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa ine jecha uko majecha ekumahombekombe anomanikidza masaisai makuru kuti aparadze mamita zana kubva kumahombekombe, nzvimbo dzemahombekombe egungwa uye majeti echiteshi chematombo anodonha akananga mu 5 kusvika 20 metres (16 kusvika 65 tsoka) pemvura yakadzika pamawere chaipo.

Nei Rock Platform uye Jetties Zvichinyengera Zvinouraya¶

• Zero Offshore Wave Breaking & Low-Friction Algae: Nekuti mvura iri pamberi pedombo kana jeti yakadzika, kuzvimba kwenguva refu kunorova dombo kusingatyoke nesimba rakazara remunyanza. Intertidal matombo akaputirwa mugungwa algae (sea lettuce uye cyanobacteria) anotsvedza kupfuura aizi yakanyorova, zvichiita kuti sneakers kana shangu dzedeki dzitsvedze nekukurumidza.
• Aerated "Whitewater Soup" & Riprap Cavities: Kusevha kumawere kumawere kuine ** 30 kusvika 50 muzana mabhuru emhepo nehuwandu *, inoderedza kuwanda kwemvura kuitira kuti vanobatwa vasina lifejackets vanyure kunyangwe vachitsika mvura. Pamajeti akagadzirwa nevanhu akavakwa nekongiri inovharirana * dolosse kana matombo egranite (riprap), masaisai anodarika anodonhera pasi achidzika nepakati pematombo akadzika, achiteya makumbo ari pasi pemvura.

Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Kupona Kana Wakabatwa padombo Sherufu kana Jetty¶

1. Kana masaisai ave kuda kupaza pamusoro pedombo kana jetty (masekonzi 1 kusvika 4 isati yaitika): Kana usingakwanise kusvika pakakwirira pakaoma nematanho maviri, **USACHENUKA nekumhanya wakafuratira kumafungu **, inozokuparura kuyambuka matombo akakombama pa10 kusvika 15 metres pasekondi (22 kusvika 33 mph). ** Donhedza flat CHIPO CHOKWADI kuseri kwedombo rakasimba, dombo, kana kongiri yekumisikidza **, wedge mudombo rakatsemuka, bata pakadzika pakakoromoka kana simbi yekusungirira mhete nemaoko ese, isa musoro wako pasi, uye rega mvura ipfuure nepamusoro pemusana wako usati wakwesha kuenda kunzvimbo yakakwirira.
2. Kana yakatsvairwa papuratifomu yedombo kana jeti munyanza: Kanda mubhora une maoko achidzivirira musoro wako kwemasekonzi matatu ekutanga emhirizhonga. ** Usamboedza kushambira uchidzokera padombo rimwe chete kana jeti kuti ukwire kunze , apo masaisai anotevera anosvika masekonzi gumi nemana gare gare achapwanya dehenya rako nemuzongoza padombo rakafukidzwa nebarnacle. Pane kudaro, ** kushambira 30 kusvika 50 metres (100 kusvika 165 tsoka) SEAWARD mumvura yakadzika, isina kutsemuka yegirinhi kunze kwenzvimbo inotsemuka. Kana uchinge wapinda mumvura yakadzika umo mazvimba anopfuura pasi pako asingatyoke, ayangarara kumusana kwako, ratidza zvapupu pamawere, uye kushambira wakatarisana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa wakananga kumahombekombe ane jecha kana nzira yakadzikama yechikepe, kana kumirira chikepe chekununura kana chikopokopo.

Kupinda kwemvura kumawere, cove, uye mudflat kuvharirwa kupona¶

Zviuru zvekununura zvinoitwa gore rega rega neUK RNLI, iyo US Coast Guard, uye French SNSM pamwe nemahombekombe egungwa uko vanofamba vachiongorora homwe homwe, mapako egungwa, zvitsuwa zvemahombekombe egungwa, kana madhaka panguva yemvura yakadzika uye anogurwa sezvo mafungu anokwira.

1. Nei Mafungu Achikwira Nekukurumidza Kupfuura Zvaunotarisira: Iyo "Mutemo Wegumi Nembiri"¶

Mafungu emahombekombe anotevera sinusoidal curve inofananidzwa nevafambisi 'Mutemo wegumi nembiri* pane kukwira nechiyero chakafanana kwemaawa matanhatu: - ** Maawa 1 uye 2 mushure memvura yakadzika: ** Mvura inokwira ne ** imwe-gumi nembiri ** muAwa 1 uye ** mbiri-gumi nembiri ** muAwa 2. - ** Maawa 3 ne 4 (Mid-Tide Acceleration):** Mvura inokwira ne nhatu-gumi nembiri muAwa 3 uye nhatu-negumi nembiri muAwa 4 (**50 muzana yekukwira kwemvura yakatwasuka inoitika pakati pemaawa maviri **, nekukurumidza katatu pane Hour 1). - ** Maawa 5 ne6: ** Mvura inokwira ne ** mbiri-gumi nembiri ** muAwa 5 uye ** imwe-gumi nembiri ** muAwa 6 kuti isvike pamvura zhinji.

Munguva ye Spring Tides (mwedzi mutsva uye mwedzi wakazara, ona mafungu emvura uye dutu remhepo) yakabatanidzwa ne-low barometric pressure uye mhepo yemhepo yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa, mafungu anokwira nokukurumidza uye anosvika ** 0.5 kusvika ku 1.5 mamita (1.5 kusvika ku 5 mamita) kumusoro ** kupfuura matafura emvura anofanotaura. Pamadhaka akadzikama emvura kana majecha (akadai seMorecambe Bay kuUK, Mont-Saint-Michel kuFrance, Gungwa reWadden, kana Cook Inlet muAlaska), mafashama ari kusimuka anomhanya achikwidza mhepo dzakadzika dzemvura (makoronga) kuseri kwako pa 8 kusvika 15 makiromita paawa (5 kusvika 9 mph, yakakutenderedza jecha).

2. Kuverenga Natural High-Tide Line paSea Cliff¶

Usati wafamba uchitenderedza chero musoro kana pekugara muhova, ongorora madziro emawere kuti uone kuti mvura inosvika pakakwirira sei pamvura zhinji: - ** Rima Wet Band, Wrack Line, uye Barnacles : Kana yakanyungudutswa nyowani kelp uye driftwood zvakabatanidzwa zvakananga kumadziro emawere asina jecha rakaoma shure kwavo, kana kana mabhanacles, mussels, uye nyoro yegirinhi algae zvichikwira kusvika pakukwirira kwechipfuva pamatombo, ** mahombekombe egungwa anonyura pamvura zhinji. Mukati memapako egungwa, madziro akatsvedzerera akapfava anoreva kuputsika kwemasaisai anozadza uye kumanikidza bako pakunaya kwemvura.

3. Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Protocol Kana Yakatemwa Nekusimuka kweTide¶

1. MIRA uye USAZOKEESESA kana kushambira uchitenderedza nyika yakanyura: Kunyange mvura inosvika mumabvi inoyerera ichitenderedza nzvimbo ine matombo inotakura mhepo inoputika uye inodonhedza inotsvaira makungwa pamatombo.
2. Fonera 911 / 999 / 112 / 000 PAMBERI uchiri masikati: Bvunza Coast Guard, ipa smartphone yako GPS inorongedzerwa, uye isa foni yako mubhegi risina mvura.
3. ** Kwira pasherufu yakasimba yemubhedha kana bhenji redombo kuseri kwevhavha ** pamusoro pebarnacle uye mutsara mutsva wegungwa.
4. USAGARA wakasununguka kukwira mawere emumhenderekedzo yegungwa: Makomo egungwa ane glacial till, shale, ivhu, choko, kana matombo ejecha anoputsika uye anodonhedza vanokwira pamatombo maminitsi mashoma chikepe chekununura chisati chasvika. Gara pabhenji repamusoro-soro padombo pamawere uye umirire chikepe kana helikopta hoist kutorwa.
5. Kana wakanamatira mumadhaka madhaka kana mujecha rinokurumidza: Usambonetsekana wakamira. ** Rara wakarara nemanhede kana dumbu ** kugovera uremu hwako, zunza tsoka imwe panguva (uchisiya bhutsu kumashure kana zvichidikanwa), uye kambaira nedumbu rako uchienda kune dzakasimba dzakaputika jecha.

Pre-trip coastal safety checklist¶

• ** Tarisa Kuzvimba Period, kwete kungoita Wave Height:** Kana nguva yekuzvimba kwemahombekombe iri ** masekonzi gumi nemana kana kupfuura **, bata mahombekombe seanoshanda Sneaker Wave Hazard Zone uye tarisa kune National Weather Service Beach Hazards Statements.
• ** Tarisa yako Tide Tafura usati wasiya nzvimbo yekupaka: ** Ingoongorora macoves, tidepools, kana mapako egungwa pa ** mvura inodonha **, uye isa alarm yefoni kwe ** 1 awa pamberi peLow Tide ** kuti ufambe uchidzokera kumashure.
• Tarisa kubva pakakwirira kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri usati watsika pamatombo ematombo: Usambofa wakafamba pamusoro pedombo rakanyorova kana rakasviba-rakavharwa nealgae, uye pfeka lifejacket (PFD) uye spiked/shangu dzakapfava paunenge uchiredza padombo.
• Chengetedza Dry Jecha Buffer: Gara uchikwira pamusoro pematanda ese anokukurwa, chengeta imbwa patambo, uye usambofuratira gungwa.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe sneaker wave, rogue wave, uye king tide?¶

A sneaker wave is a beach runup surge inokonzerwa nenguva yakareba-yakareba kunze kwemhepo inoputika (14 kusvika 22 + seconds apart) ichibatanidza kusundira mvura 50 kusvika 150 mamita (165 kusvika 490 tsoka) kureba kumusoro kwejecha kupfuura 20 kusvika kumaminitsi e40 emashure maduku. Rogue wave ifungu regungwa rakavhurika rinopfuura zvakapetwa kaviri kureba kwemakungwa akatenderedza iro rinorova ngarava kure kumahombekombe. Mafungu emvura imvura yakakwira kana zuva, mwedzi, neNyika zvichienderana, zvichisimudza mwero wegungwa kwemaawa; sneaker mafungu anoitika panguva yemvura yamambo ane njodzi zvakanyanya nekuti surf inotanga padyo nemawere nenzvimbo dzekupaka.

Sei mafungu emateki achiitika kana mamiriro ekunze epamhenderekedzo yegungwa aine zuva, akadzikama, uye pasina mhepo?¶

Mafungu anotsemuka anogadzirwa nemadutu ane simba 1,500 kusvika 4,000 makiromita (900 kusvika 2,500 mamaira) kure mukati megungwa rakadzika kwete nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo. Nekuda kwekuti gungwa renguva refu rinoputika (nemasekonzi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri nemaviri pakati pezvikepe) vanofamba mugungwa rakashama pamakiromita makumi mashanu kusvika makumi masere paawa (mamaira makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu paawa) nekurasikirwa kwesimba kushoma, vanopfuura dutu uye vanosvika kumahombekombe mazuva gare gare pasi pedenga rakajeka uye nekamhepo kakajeka. Mamiriro ekunze ezuva anokwezvera vashanyi pedyo nemvura uye pamatanda anokukurwa kana kuti mitsetse yematombo, zvichiita kuti mazuva epashure pedutu ave mazuva akaipisisa ekuuraya sneaker-wave.

Nei uchifanira kushambira uchienda kugungwa pane kukwira uchidzokera pamatombo kana ukatsvairwa kubva pasherufu yematombo emahombekombe kana kuti jeti?¶

Kana yakatsvairwa kubva padombo kana mvura inopwanya matombo, nzvimbo ye10-kusvika-20-mamita pakatarisana nedombo inzvimbo ine chekuita apo masaisai anorovera padombo rakafukidzwa nebarnacle uye aerated whitewater inoderedza buoyancy nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana. Kuedza kushambira uchidzoka uye kukwenya kukwira pamusoro pedombo rakanyorova zvinoreva kuti fungu rinotevera rinosvika masekonzi gumi nemana gare gare richapwanya musoro wako nemuzongoza wako paruzhowa. Kushambira 30 kusvika 50 metres (100 kusvika 165 tsoka) mugungwa kunoisa iwe kuseri kwenzvimbo yekutsemuka mumvura yakadzika, yakasvibira yakasvibira uko maputi anopfuura pasi pako asingatyoke, achikubvumidza kuyangarara nemanhede ako uye kushambira uchienderana kumahombekombe wakananga kumahombekombe ane jecha kana kumirira chikepe chekununura.

Ndingaziva sei kana mahombekombe egungwa kana mahombekombe pazasi pemawere akagurwa pamvura zhinji kana ndisina tafura yemafungu?¶

Ongorora hwaro hwemadziro emawere uye matombo emusoro kumagumo ese ecove usati wafamba uchidzika nemahombekombe. Kana yakanyungudutswa yegungwa nyowani, kelp, kana wet driftwood inotsikirirwa yakananga kuzasi kwedombo isina jecha rakaoma kumashure kwayo, kana kana chiso chedombo chichiratidza bhandi rakasviba rakanyorova, mabhanacles, mussels, kana girinhi inotsvedza algae kusvika muchiuno kana chipfuva kureba panzvimbo dzine matombo, gungwa rinonyudza pamusoro pemahombekombe egungwa uye rinovhara. Gara uchitarisa cheti yenzvimbo uye wodzokera kumashure zvakanaka mvura isati yasvika kusvika kunzvimbo dzekunze dzekovha.

Kwatariswa¶

• National Weather Service (NWS / NOAA, United States): Beach Hazards Statement Criteria, Sneaker Wave Physics, uye Coastal Safety Guidelines.
• United Kingdom Maritime uye Coastguard Agency (MCA) neRoyal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI): Remekedza Mushandirapamwe Wemvura, "Float to Live" Protocol, uye Tidal Cutoff Rescue Guidance.
• Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) neNew South Wales Government: National Coastal Safety Report uye Rock Fishing Safety Act Lifejacket Mandates.
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) neOregon State University: Infragravity Wave Runup Mechanics uye Constructive Wave Group Interference.
• Icelandic Association yeKutsvaga uye Kununura (ICE-SAR / Landsbjörg): Reynisfjara Sneaker Wave Hazard Zoning uye North Atlantic Swell Protocols.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Rip currents, shorebreak, uye njodzi dzemvura yegungwa
• Mafungu emambo, mafungu emhepo, uye kunyura kwemahombekombe
• Tsunami: zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvechisikigo uye kubuda kwepamusoro-pasi
• Permafrost thaw, kukukurwa kwemahombekombe, uye mawere egungwa anodonha
• Kunyura kununura uye mvura rubatsiro rwekutanga
• Hypothermia uye kuchengetwa kwechando