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Wild Howa uye Toxic Plant Ingestion First Aid uye Poison Triage

Nhamba dze emergency dzinosiyana nenyika. Iri peji rinoshandisa 911, nhamba yeUnited States neCanada. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa 112, 999, kana imwe nhamba. Tsvaga nhamba yenyika yako.

Kudya howa hwemusango husingazivikanwe kubva musango kana patsangadzi yekuseri kwemba, kufunga kuti hemlock yemusango ine chepfu kana foxglove yemuriwo wemubindu unodyika, kana kuona kuti mwana mudiki atsenga chirimwa chemumba kunokonzeresa njodzi yekukasika. Nepo howa huzhinji hwekuseri kwemba uye zvirimwa zvemumba zvinongokonzera kuruma kwemukanwa kwenguva pfupi kana kugumbuka mudumbu, mhando dzinouraya: kunyanya matoxin-ine Amanita howa ("Death Caps" uye "Destroying Ngirozi"), hemlock yemvura, poison hemlock, oleander,,,,,,,,*, uye **conyewnks. fulminant chiropa kukundikana, refractory pfari, kana kuuraya cardiac arrhythmias.

Gwaro iri rinopa nhanho-ne-nhanho nzira dzekukurumidzira dzakaenderana nemakiriniki protocol kubva kuWorld Health Organisation (WHO), America's Poison Centers (United States), iyo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), North American Mycological Association (NAMA), uye UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Kunzwisisa ** 6-awa howa chiratidzo latency mutemo **, kuchengetedza intact botanical kana fungal specimens mubhegi repepa, uye kubata Poison Control kana masevhisi ekukurumidzira nekukurumidza kunoponesa hupenyu.

Ita izvi ikozvino

Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo (kunyanya mwana) akamedza, kutsenga, kana kubika nehowa hwemusango kana kuti chirimwa chinogona kuva chepfu, bheri, girobhu, kana mudzi:

  1. Kutsvaira mukanwa uye sukurudza nemvura (usamedza): Chibva washandisa chigunwe chakachena kana jira nyoro kupukuta zvinyoro nyoro chero zvidimbu zvasara zvehowa, mashizha, mabheri kana mhodzi pamuromo wemunhu. Ita kuti vageze muromo wavo nemvura voipfira. Kana vakatsenga chirimwa chinokonzera kutsva nekumedzerera pakarepo (senge Dumb Cane / Dieffenbachia kana Philodendron), ngavanwe mvura inotonhorera kana mukaka kana kusveta popsicle kunyaradza mukanwa mucosa.
  2. ** Fonera Emergency Services kana Poison Control nekukurumidza **:
  3. **Fonera nhamba yako ye emergency emergency nekukasika ** (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom kuburikidza neyedu nhamba dze emergency dhairekitori) kana munhu aine kutadza kufema, kuzvimba pahuro, kuvhiringika, kuona zvinhu zvisipo, kugwinha-gwinha mhasuru, pfari, kurova kwemwoyo kunononoka kana kusarongeka, kupera simba, kana kurutsa/manyoka kunotanga kupfuura maawa matanhatu mushure mekudya howa hwemusango.
  4. Fonera Kudzora Chepfu nekukasika (kuUnited States, fonera 1-800-222-1222; kuUnited Kingdom, fonera NHS 111) kana munhu wacho parizvino asina zviratidzo kana kungonzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka nemumukanwa, kunyangwe mwana mudiki akangonanzva kana kuruma chivharo chimwe chete chehowa pachivanze.
  5. USAMBOmboita kuti vanhu varutse kumba: Usaisa zvigunwe pahuro, usapa mvura ine munyu kana yemasitadhi, uye usamboshandisa muto weipecac. Kuita kurutsa hakubvisi muchetura wehowa uye kunogona kukonzera pneumonia inouraya kana neurotoxins ikatanga kubatwa nekukasira kana kukotsira.
  6. ** Unganidza howa hwakazara, husina kuvharwa (hwakacherwa kubva pasi) mubhegi rePEPA **: Usakanda howa kana zvirimwa zvasara mumarara, uye usanamira howa hutsva mubhegi repurasitiki risina mhepo (apo hunyoro hwakabatwa hunohushandura kuita marara asingazivikanwe mukati memaawa). Shandisa banga kana trowel kunyatsoita kuchera howa hwese kusanganisira nekapu yepasi/gibhu (volva) pazasi pedzinde, uhuputire newax bepa kana pepa tauro rakaoma, woisa mukati pepabhegi rebrown.
  7. Tora mapikicha e-high-resolution kubva kumakona akawanda: Usati waenda kuchipatara, tora mapikicha akajeka, akajeka-padyo-padhuze ehowa kana chirimwa: (a) nzvimbo yahwaikura (paivhu, lawn, kana huni dzakafa), (b) pamusoro pekepisi, © iyo pasi pekepisi inoratidza magill, pores, kana ring yepasi*** base**. Nzvimbo dzehupfu dzinogona kutumira mameseji kana kutumira mafoto aya zvakananga kune-on-call nyanzvi mycologist kana botanist yekukurumidza kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi.
  8. Tarisa munhu wese akadya chikafu chacho: Kana howa hwemusango kana miriwo yakabikwa yakabikwa muto wemhuri, pasta, kana kubvongodza, munhu wese akadya chikafu ichocho anofanira kuongororwa kuchipatara, kunyangwe dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzichinzwa dzakanyatsonaka izvozvi.

Iyo 6-Hour Mushroom Rule uye inonyengera 'Fake Recovery' chikamu

Mumycetismus (muchetura wehowa), kuti panopfuura maawa mangani zviratidzo zvemudumbu zvisati zvatanga ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuziva kuti howa hwunouraya here. Howa dzinokonzera kusvotwa uye kurutsa nokukurumidza (** mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika kumaawa matatu** ekudya) kazhinji kacho kusingaurayiwi nechomudumbu. Sezvineiwo, howa hunokonzera hapana zviratidzo zvachose kwemaawa matanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemana husati hwatanga chisimba, cholera-semvura manyoka uye kurutsa zvinenge zvinouraya amatoxin kana gyromitrin marudzi (Amanita phalloides, Amanita bisporigera, Galerina marginata). Zvakatonyanya kuipa, mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekurutsa, vanobatwa neatoxin vanoona ** 24-to-48-awa "Fake Recovery" (honeymoon phase)** apo dumbu ravo rinonzwa zviri nani zvachose apo chiropa chavo neitsvo zviri kunyungudika chinyararire. Usambofa wakagara pamba kana kubuda muchipatara panguva iyi yenhema yekupora hwindo.

Emergency triage uye mycological decision flowchart

flowchart TD
    Start["Kudya howa yemusango kana chepfu yekudyara"] --> Airway{"Pane kubatwa nepfari, kuvhiringika, kunonoka/ kusarongeka, kana dambudziko rekufema?"}

    Airway -->|Yes: Immediate Life Threat| Call911["FONA 911 / 112 / 999 PAkarepo<br/>Pukuta muromo uchene; usape chinhu nemuromo<br/>Chinzvimbo padivi (recovery position); gadzirira CPR"]

    Airway -->|No: Alert with stable core clinical signs| Type{"Yaive Huru Mushroom kana Green Plant / Berry yakadyiwa?"}

    Call911 --> Type

    Type -->|Wild Mushroom Ingested| Latency{"Inguva yakadii mushure mekudya howa kwakatanga kurutsa/manyoka?"}

    Latency -->|Asymptomatic right now (Just eaten)| PoisonCall["Pukuta muromo; unganidza howa hwese (hune underground base) muPEPER bag<br/>Tora mapikicha ecap, gills, stem, and base<br/>Call Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 in US) kana enda kuED for Activated Charcoal"]

    Latency -->|Early Onset: Symptoms started < 6 hours after eating<br/>(Usually 30 min to 3 hours)| EarlyMush["Zvichida GI Irritant, Muscarine, kana Neuro-Hallucinogenic Mushroom<br/>Enda kuDhipatimendi reEmergency unopiwa mvura yeIV uye nekuchengetedza zviratidzo <br/>YAMBIRO: Bvunza kana mhando dzehowa dzakawanda dzakasanganiswa mukudya kumwe chete."]

    Latency -->|Delayed Onset: Symptoms started > 6 hours after eating<br/>(6 to 24 hours, or days later for Cortinarius)| LateMush["CRITICAL EMERGENCY: Inofungidzirwa Amatoxin / Gyromitrin / Orellanine <br/> Enda kuChipatara Emergency Dhipatimendi KAMWE<br/> Inoda hukasha IV hydration, Multidose Activated Charcoal, <br/> IV N-Acetylcysteine ​​/ Silibinin, uye Liverplant Center a Liverplant Center"]

    Type -->|Plant, Leaf, Berry, Bulb, or Root Ingested| PlantType{"Ndezvipi zviratidzo kana mhando dzemiti dzinobatanidzwa?"}

    PlantType -->|Immediate mouth burning & drooling after chewing houseplant<br/>(Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Peace Lily, Pothos)| Oxalate["Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Crystal Irritation <br/> Pukuta muromo; kupa mukaka unotonhorera, mvura, kana popsicle<br/>Call Poison Control; tarisa kune zvisingawanzo kuputika kwemhepo"]

    PlantType -->|Foxglove, Oleander, Lily of the Valley, Yew, Monkshood,<br/>Hemlock, Jimsonweed, Castor Bean, or Deadly Nightshade| LethalPlant["HIGH-RISK SYSTEMIC PLANT TOXIN<br/>Enda kuChipatara Emergency Department Pakarepo<br/>Inoda kuenderera mberi ECG monitoring, Activated Charcoal,<br/>uye chaiwo antidotes (Digoxin Fab, Physostigmine, Benzodiazepines)"]

Chikamu 1: Huru hweMushroom Poisoning (Mycetismus) uye 8 Clinical Syndromes

Pamhando dzinopfuura zviuru gumi dzinozivikanwa dzemacrofungi pasi rese, dzisingasviki zana dzine chepfu kuvanhu, uye dzinenge gumi nembiri dzinokonzera pamusoro pe95 muzana yehupfu hunouraya hwehowa. Zvisinei, **hapana kana mutemo wevanhu kana ngano yechembere inogona kusiyanisa howa hwakachengeteka kubva kune hunouraya **.

Debunking njodzi howa vanhu ngano

  • Nhema 1: "Kufashaidza, kubika, kuomesa, kana kuomesa chando kunopedza chepfu yehowa.": KUNYEPA. Amatoxins (the lethal cyclic octapeptides in Death Cap and Destroying Angel mushrooms) 100 muzana inotsiga, isingagadzike, uye inodzivirira acid. Kufashaidza, kugocha, kubika, kupedza mvura mumuviri, kana kugaya muacid yemudumbu hakuderedze kuuraya kwavo zvachose.
  • Nhema yechipiri: "Howa hunouraya hunovava kuvava, hunyoro, kana kusvibisa, kana kusvibisa chipunu chesirivheri mupoto.": NHEMA. Vakapona muchepfu ye Amanita phalloides (Death Cap) vanotaura pasi rose kuti howa hwainhuhwirira uye hwainaka zvinonaka, uye hahumboshatise garlic kana kuti nhema.
  • Nhema 3: "Kana tsindi, mhembwe, tsuro, kana hora dzikadya howa, hazvina njodzi kuvanhu.": NHEMA. Maslugs, tumbuyu, uye mhuka dzakawanda dzemusango dzine hepatic metabolism yakasiyana uye dzinogara dzichidya Amanita phalloides pasina kukuvadzwa.
  • Nhema 4: "Howa hune muchetura hune mavara akajeka kana makepisi asingasvuurike nyore.": NHEMA. Ngirozi Inoparadza (Amanita bisporigera / Amanita virosa) yakachena, isina mhosva sechando-chena, nepo Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) ine ganda rakasvibira rinogara rakasvibira uye rinosvuuka nyore nyore. Vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vachifunga kuti ihowa hweAsia Paddy Straw (Volvariella volvacea) kana kuti button howa (Agaricus).
  • Nhema yechishanu: "A smartphone mushroom-identification app yaiti inodyiwa ne98%.": KUNYEPA. Nzvimbo dzine chepfu pasi rose dzinoshuma kuwanda kwechepfu hunokonzerwa nevanotsvaka zvokudya vanovimba neAI photo apps, izvo zvinogarotadza kuona mavara akavigwa pasi pevhu kana spore print inoparadzanisa howa hunodyiwa Amani howa.

Master tafura yehowa chepfu syndromes nechiratidzo chekutanga

Vanachiremba vanopatsanura chepfu yehowa kuita Delayed-Onset Syndromes (> 6 hours, kufa kwakanyanya uye kukundikana kwenhengo) ** uye ** Early-Onset Syndromes (< 6 hours, kashoma kuuraya nerutsigiro rwerutsigiro).

Syndrome & Toxin Representative Mushroom Species Chiratidzo Chekutanga Latency Yekutanga Target Organ & Clinical Presentation Chipatara Antidote & Definitive Care
**1. Cyclopeptide / Amatoxin ** (Alpha-amanitin: inhibits RNA Polymerase II; ** inokonzeresa makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ekufa kwehowa **) Amanita phalloides (Death Cap), Amanita bisporigera / virosa / verna (Kuparadza Ngirozi), Galerina marginata, Lepiota brunneoincarnata. ** 6 kusvika 24 maawa ** (kazhinji 10 kusvika 12 maawa). ** Chiropa & Kidneys **: 4 kliniki matanho: (1) 6 kusvika 24h yakanyarara latency; (2) 24h chisimba cholera semanyoka/kurutsa; (3) ** 24 kusvika 48h "Fake Recovery" ** apo AST / ALT skyrocket; (4) Mazuva 3 kusvika ku7 fulminant hepatic failure, coagulopathy, hepatic coma, renal failure. Aggressive IV fluids, Multidose Activated Charcoal (inovhiringa enterohepatic circulation), IV Silibinin (Legalon SIL), IV N-Acetylcysteine ​​(NAC), high-dose IV Penicillin G, biliary drainage, uye kukurumidza ** Kuisirwa chiropa.**
2. Gyromitrin / Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) (Inopedza pyridoxine / Vitamin B6 uye GABA) Gyromitra esculenta (Nhema Morel / Beefsteak Mushroom: yakanganisa kuti yechokwadi mizinga morels Morchella). ** maawa mashanu kusvika gumi nemaviri** (anogonawo kuitika kubva mukufemesa chiutsi paunenge uchibika). ** Brain (CNS), Chiropa & Red Blood Cells **: Kuputika, kurutsa kwakanyanya, manyoka ane mvura, musoro, dzungu, kufambira mberi ku ** refractory GABA-depletion seizures **, methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, uye hepatorenal kukuvara. Intravenous Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6, 25 mg/kg kusvika 70 mg/kg IV) ndiwo mushonga chaiwo wekudzoreredza uropi hweGABA synthesis uye kumisa pfari, pamwe neIV benzodiazepines.
3. Orellanine (Bipyridyl nephrotoxin) Cortinarius orellanus uye Cortinarius rubellus (Deadly Webcaps). **2 kusvika 21 ZUVA ** (Kunyanya kunonoka kutanga). Itsvo (Renal Tubules): Nyota yakanyanya kupisa (polydipsia), kurwadziwa kwechiuno/lumbar, kupindwa nechando, musoro, uye kugara uchiweti, kufambira mberi kuenda ku oliguria uye **acute kana kusingaperi kupera kwerenal kukundikana **. Inotsigira nephrology care, antioxidant therapy, ** hemodialysis **, uye kuchinjwa kwetsvo (hapana mushonga chaiwo wakambosungwa kune renal tubules).
4. Allenic Norleucine (Nephrotoxic amino acid) Amanita smithiana (Pacific Northwest: kukanganisa Pine Mushroom / Matsutake) uye Amanita proxima. ** maminitsi makumi matatu kusvika maawa gumi nemaviri ** yeGI; **2 kusvika kumazuva matanhatu ** yekutadza kwetsvo. Itsvo: Kukurumidza kurutsa uye manyoka (kazhinji kusati kwamboita amatoxin), kunoteverwa ne2 kusvika kumazuva matanhatu gare gare ne acute tubular necrosis (ATN) ine chiropa chinoshanda. Early IV hydration uye yechinguva **hemodialysis ** (kusiyana ne Cortinarius, kushanda kweitsvo mu Amanita smithiana kunowanzo kupora zvachose mukati memavhiki).
5. Muscarine (Cholinergic Syndrome) Inocybe (Fiber Caps) uye Clitocybe dealbata (Kudikitira Howa: inokura palawn). (Cherechedza: Pasinei nezita rayo, Amanita muscaria ine inenge HAPANA muscarine). ** Maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika kumaawa maviri ** (Kukurumidza kutanga). Parasympathetic Nervous System ("SLUDGE" / DUMBBELS): Profuse ** Salivation, Lacrimation (kubvarura), Urination, Diarrhea, GI cramps, Emesis **, drenching ** Sweating **, pinpoint pupils (miosis), wheezing, uye bradycardia. IV zvinwiwa uye Intravenous Atropine (yakatemerwa kusvika bronchial secretions yaoma uye bradycardia yagadzirisa). Zviratidzo zvinopera mukati memaawa matanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemana.
6. Ibotenic Acid & Muscimol (Glutamate/GABA receptor agonists) Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric: chivharo tsvuku inopenya ine warts chena) uye Amanita pantherina (Panther Cap). Maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika kumaawa maviri (Kukurumidza kutanga). **Central Nervous System **: Chidzungu, ataxia (kudhakwa kwekufamba), kukanganiswa kwekuona, delirium, euphoria kana kubvongodza, kushandura ** myoclonic muscle jerks / seizures uye yakadzika coma-kufanana nehope ** inogara 8 kusvika maawa 24. Imba yakanyarara, ine rima; IV Benzodiazepines (lorazepam/diazepam) yekusagadzikana kana pfari; airway rutsigiro. ** Usambofa wakapa atropine ** (worsens delirium).
7. Coprine (Disulfiram / Antabuse-Like Reaction) Coprinopsis atramentaria (Inky Cap: inodyiwa yoga, ine chepfu kana doro rikanwiwa mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri). ** Maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika maawa maviri MUSHURE wekunwa doro** (kusvika mazuva matatu mushure mekudya howa). Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibition: Yakanyanya **yakatsvuka kutsvuka kumeso uye mutsipa kupuruzira **, kutema nemusoro, kuravira kwesimbi, moyo unomhanya, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, dikita, hypotension, uye kurutsa zvine chisimba. Kunyanya kudzivirira doro kwemazuva mashanu, IV yakajairika saline ye hypotension, uye antiemetics (ondansetron).
8. Acute Gastrointestinal Irritants Chlorophyllum molybdites (Green-Spored Parasol: #1 chikonzero cheUS lawn howa chepfu), Omphalotus (Jack-O'-Lantern), Boletus marudzi. Maminetsi makumi matatu kusvika kumaawa matatu (Kukurumidza kutanga). GI Tract Chete: Kusvotwa, kurutsa, mudumbu kuoma, uye manyoka ane mvura yakawanda kana ane ropa; inogadzirisa mukati meawa 24 kusvika ku48 pasina kukuvara kwechiropa kana itsvo. Oral kana **IV fluid uye electrolyte kutsiva ** uye antiemetics. (Inofanira kuramba ichiongorora 48h maenzayimu echiropa kana mhuka dzesango dzakasanganiswa dzakadyiwa).

Kunyura mukati meMatanho mana eAmatoxin (Amanita phalloides) Poisoning

Nokuti ** 90 muzana yehuwandu hunouraya howa pasi rose ** inokonzerwa nealpha-amanitin mu Amanita phalloides (Death Cap), Amanita bisporigera/virosa (Destroying Angel), uye Galerina marginata, kunzwisisa matanho ayo mana ekiriniki anonyengera anokosha:

  • Danho 1: The Silent Latency Period (6 kusvika 24 maawa mushure mekudya): Kwemaawa matanhatu kusvika gumi nemaviri ekutanga mushure mekudya chikafu, munhu anonzwa **100 muzana zvakajairika **. Munguva iyi hwindo rakanyarara, amatoxins inotorwa kubva muura, inopinda muropa hepatocytes kuburikidza neOATP1B3 vatakuri, uye isingachinjiki inosunga ku **RNA Polymerase II **, inomisa mutumwa RNA kunyorwa uye mapuroteni synthesis muchiropa.
  • ** Nhanho 2: The Violent Gastroenteritis Phase (12 kusvika maawa 36 mushure mekudya) **: Pakarepo, murwere anotanga kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwemudumbu, kurutsa kweprojekti kusingagumi, uye ** yakawanda, mvura, kolera-yakafanana nemanyoka ** (dzimwe nguva ine ropa uye mucus), zvichikonzera kupera kwakanyanya, hypovolemic acid, hypovolemic potassium.
  • ** Danho rechitatu: Inonyengedza "Kudzoreredza Kwenhema" / Honeymoon Phase (24 kusvika 72 maawa mushure mekudya)**: Mumazuva e2 kana Zuva 3, kurutsa uye manyoka zvinopera, uye murwere anonzwa zviri nani. Varwere vasina ruzivo (uye dzimwe nguva varapi vasingatarise maenzayimu echiropa) vanofungidzira zvisiri izvo kuti vakangoita 24-awa yemudumbu tsikidzi voenda kumba. ** Mukati memuviri, zvisinei, yakakura hepatocyte necrosis iri kuitika **, uye serum chiropa transaminases (AST uye ALT) iri kukwira muzviuru.
  • ** Nhanho 4: Fulminant Hepatorenal Failure (Mazuva 3 kusvika ku7 mushure mekudya) **: Jaundice (yero maziso uye ganda), yakadzika hypoglycemia (nokuti chiropa chakafa hachichagoni kusunungura glucose), yakaoma coagulopathy uye kubuda ropa kunongoerekana kwaitika (INR skyrocketing nokuti kuvhara zvinhu hazvichagadziriswi), hepatic coma, kuparara kweitsvo, kufa kwehepatic, kuparara kweitsvo, kuparara kwechiropa uye kufa. kuisirwa chiropa kwechimbichimbi kana kutanga kwakasimba kwemishonga yekurapa kunobudirira.

Nei Multidose Activated Charcoal ichiponesa hupenyu muAmatoxin chepfu

Kunyange kana murwere ane chepfu ye Amanita phalloides akasvika kuchipatara 12 kusvika 36 maawa adya howa, vanachiremba vekukurumidzira vachiri kupa Multidose Activated Charcoal (MDAC) maawa maviri kusvika mana oga oga nemuromo kana nasogastric tube. Sei? Nekuti inosvika 60 muzana yeatoxin yakanyura inoburitswa nechiropa mu bile, yokandwazve mudumbu diki repamusoro, uye inodzokororwa muropa kakawanda (enterohepatic circulation). Kuchengeta rukova rwemarasha akabatidzwa achifamba nemuura kunosunga bile-excreted amatoxin mugut lumen uye inoitakura ichibuda mutsvina isina ngozi.

Nzira yekuunganidza uye kutora mifananidzo yehowa kana chirimwa kuti zvizivikanwe

Paunofonera Kudzora Chepfu kana kusvika kudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, chiremba wetoxicologist kana kubvunza mycologist anofanirwa kuona mufananidzo kusvika kune genus uye mhando. Tevera iyi mitemo mina yekuchengetedza:

  1. Chera howa HOSE: usatongodambure chivharo: Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechimiro chemuviri chinopatsanura howa hunouraya hwe Amanita kubva kune husina ngozi hunodyika ikapu yakaita sesaga kana girobhu rakazvimba (volva) rakavigwa masendimita maviri kusvika mashanu (1 kusvika 2 inches) pasi pevhu chaipo. Shandisa banga rebhota, chipunu, kana trowel remugadheni kuchera pasi pehowa uye kusimudza chimiro chese chakasimba.
  2. Unganidzai zvinhanho zveupenyu zvakawanda kana muchikura muboka: Kana paine howa hudiki hudiki "bhatani" nehowa hwakavhurika hwakura huchikura pamwe chete, chera chimwe kana zviviri padanho rega rega.
  3. Gara uchishandisa bhegi reBEPA kana bepa rewakisi: USAFANIRA bhegi repurasitiki: Howa huchangobva kutangwa i90% yemvura uye hunoramba huchifema kana hwanhongwa. Kuvhara howa mukati meZiploc bhegi repurasitiki kana chigadziko chepurasitiki chekudya chinoteya unyoro nekupisa, zvichikonzera kunyunguduka kwebhakitiriya kunoshandura mufananidzo kuita mush usingaoneki usati wasvika murabhoritari. Isa howa hwega hwega mu dry brown paper lunch bag kana kuuputira zvisina tsarukano muwax paper kana dry paper towel.
  4. Chengeta chero zvimedu zvisina kugezwa, zvimedu zvepoto yekubikira, kana marutsi: Kana howa husina kusara, shandisa chipunu chakachena nekapu yemuenzaniso isingade kubuda kuti uchengetedze zvimedu zvehowa zvinenge zvakasvetwa kubva mupoto, kuchekwa kubva mugaba remarara, kana kutobuda (marutsi): murabhoritari mycologist kana howa hunogona kucherechedza kugaya.

Chikamu Chechipiri: Zvinouraya uye Zvakajairwa Mumba / Musango Muchetura

Kufumurwa kwezvirimwa kunowira mumapoka maviri akasiyana: ** zvinowanzoitika zvemumba zvekushongedza zvirimwa ** (zvinowanzo tsengwa nevana vadiki nemhuka dzinovaraidza, zvichikonzera kurwadza kwekukurumidza kutsamwa kwemuromo asi kashoma systemic chepfu) uye ** systemic cardiotoxic kana neurotoxic miti ** (iyo inogona kuuraya munhu mukuru kana mwana mumaawa mashoma).

Master kuenzanisa yezvinomera zvine chepfu nekiriniki toxidrome

Chepfu Plant Species Toxic Chemical Compound Yekutanga Toxidrome & Mechanism Key Clinical Zviratidzo Emergency First Aid & Hospital Antidote
Zvirimwa zvemumba: Nzeve Dzisinganzwisisi (Dieffenbachia), Philodendron, Runyararo Runyararo (Spathiphyllum), Pothos, Nzeve Yenzou (Caladium), Calla Lily Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Raphides (Microscopic-shaped crystal bundles yekristaro yakarongedzerwa mumaseru ejector). Immediate Mechanical Mucosal Injury: Kutsenga shizha kunokonzeresa masero ane chitubu (idioblasts) anopisa zviuru zvematsono ecalcium oxalate mururimi nemiromo. Marwadzo ekukurumidza kutsva mukanwa nemururimi (zvinodzivirira mwana kumedza kanopfuura kamwe chete), kumedzerera mate, kuzvimba muromo/rurimi, kuchema, uye kuoma kwehuro kusingawanzoitiki. Pukuta muromo uchene; ipa **mukaka unotonhora, mvura yechando, kana popsicle ** (calcium uye kutonhora kunozorodza nyama). Dana Chepfu Kudzora; enda kuED chete kana kumedzerera kukaramba kuripo, mwana asingakwanisi kumedza, kana kuti stridor inokura.
** Zvidyarwa zveCardiotoxic: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), Oleander (Nerium oleander & Yero Oleander), Ruva reMupata (Convallaria majalis), Squill** Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin, digitoxin, oleandrin: inhibit cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase pombi). ** Digitalis-Senge Cardiotoxicity **: Inowedzera intracellular calcium uye vagal toni uku ichikonzera njodzi extracellular potassium spikes. Nausea, kurutsa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, ** yellow-green visual visual halos (xanthopsia) **, kuvhiringidzika, ** bradycardia yakaoma, heart block (AV block), ventricular tachycardia / fibrillation **, uye ** inouraya hyperkalemia **. Fonera 911/112/999 nekukurumidza. Kutonga Activated Charcoal kana kukasika. Definitive antidote: Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind / DigiFab) masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. (** Usambofa wakapa IV calcium ** ye hyperkalemia mu cardiac glycoside poisoning).
Sodium-Channel Vanovhura: Monkshood / Wolf's Bane (Aconitum napellus), Rhododendron, Azalea, Mountain Laurel (Kalmia) ** Aconitine ** (muMonkshood: kuuraya kwakanyanya) uye ** Grayanotoxins ** (muAzalea, Rhododendron, uye "Mad Honey"). Inoshingirira Sodium Channel Activation: Masimba evoltage-gated sodium migero kuvhurika pamwoyo myocytes uye vagal tsinga. **Kukurumidza kupisa / kurira kushaya miromo nerurimi ** kupararira pamusoro pemuviri, kurutsa kwechisimba, hypotension yakaoma, bradycardia, uye ** refractory bidirectional ventricular tachycardia / Torsades de Pointes ** mukati me1 kusvika maawa maviri. Fonera 911/112/999 nekukurumidza. **Aconite inokurumidza kuuraya **: inoda pakarepo ICU antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, flecainide, lidocaine), atropine, uye extracorporeal life support (VA-ECMO) kana kusungwa kwemwoyo kuchiitika.
Taxine Cardiotoxins: Chirungu, Japanese, uye Pacific Yew (Taxus baccata, Taxus cuspidata) Taxine A uye Taxine B alkaloids (yakaiswa mutsono, makwati, uye **yakatsenga mhodzi yemukati ** mukati memukombe webheri tsvuku). Sodium & Calcium Channel Blockade: Inodzvinyirira zvakananga myocardial conduction (inowedzera QRS yakaoma uye inovhara L-mhando calcium chiteshi). (Cherechedza: Kumedza nyama yakapfava yakatsvuka [aril] yakatenderedza mhodzi hakukuvadzi, kunze kwekunge mhodzi yemukati yakaoma yatsengwa). Mhodzi dzakatsengwa kana tsono dzinokonzera dzungu, pfari, wide-complex bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, uye cardiac arrest. Fonera 911/112/999 nekukurumidza. Kutonga Activated Charcoal, Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate (kukunda sodium chiteshi blockade), IV lipid emulsion, kana ECMO.
Convulsant & Paralytic Hemlocks: Mvura Hemlock (Cicuta maculata) vs. Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum) Cicutoxin (muMvura Hemlock) vs. Coniine (muPoison Hemlock: kazhinji inokanganisa makarotsi emusango / Lace yaMambokadzi Anne kana parsnip yemusango). Cicutoxin: Iine simba CNS GABA-A receptor antagonist.
Coniine: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blocker (senge curare).		 ** Mvura Hemlock : Kurutsa zvine chisimba uye ** kuputika mamiriro epilepticus pfari mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu .
Poison Hemlock: Kudedera kwekutanga uye mate kunoteverwa ne kukwira skeletal uye kufema tsandanyama kupera simba (nekuziva kwakajeka).		 Fonera 911/112/999 nekukurumidza. ** Mvura Hemlock : Pakarepo yakakwira-dose ** IV Benzodiazepines / Propofol ** uye intubation.
 Chepfu Hemlock **: Kwekutanga ** endotracheal intubation uye mechanic ventilation ** kusvika coniine yachena.
Anticholinergic Plants: Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), Angel's Trumpet (Brugmansia), Inouraya Nightshade (Atropa belladonna), Henbane ** Belladonna Tropane Alkaloids ** (Atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine). Antimuscarinic Syndrome: Inovhara pakati uye peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. "Bofu sechiremwaremwa, rinopenga seheti, rakatsvuka sebhiti, rinopisa setsuro, rakaoma sebhonzo, rakazara seflask, rinokurumidza sechiremwaremwa": Vana vakakura vakakura (mydriasis), ganda rakaomarara/muromo, ganda rinopisa rinopisa, ** florid visual hallucinations/delicking in the delirium in** (delirium tarisia) Enda kune Emergency Department. Kutonhora kunoshanda, kamuri yakanyarara, ** IV Benzodiazepines ** yekushungurudza, bladder catheterization, uye ** Intravenous Physostigmine ** (specific cholinesterase inhibitor antidote kune yakanyanya delirium).
Ribosome-Inactivating Toxalbumins: Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) & Rosary Pea / Jequirity Bean (Abrus precatorius) ** Ricin ** (muCastor Beans) uye ** Abrin ** (mune tsvuku tsvuku-uye-dema Rosary Peas inoshandiswa mumaketani / zvishongo zvevashanyi). Irreversible 60S Ribosomal Inactivation: Inomisa cellular protein synthesis, zvichikonzera kudonha kwakanyanya kwecapillary uye multiorgan necrosis. (Cherechedza: Kumedza ** jasi rembeu rakaomarara, risina kuchekwa* rinowanzopfuura zvisingakuvadzi uri mutsvina).* Kutsenga mhodzi yakapwanyika kunonokesa (4 kusvika 24h) kurutsa/manyoka ane ropa zvakanyanya, kuvhunduka kweropa, kutadza kushanda kwechiropa/itsvo, uye rufu. Enda kuDhipatimendi reEmergency nekukasika. Isai Activated Charcoal kana Irigation yeBowel Yese (polyethylene glycol) yemhodzi isina kusimba, pamwe nechisimba ICU fluid resuscitation.

Iyo inouraya "Wild Carrot / Wild Parsnip" musungo wekutsvaga: Hemlock

Chirimo chega chega nechirimo, varimi vane ruzivo rwemagadheni uye maforoji vanoiswa muchetura mushure mekukanganisa Mvura Hemlock (Cicuta maculata) kana Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum) yenhengo dzesango dzinodyiwa dzemhuri ye Apiaceae (karoti/parsley), senge Queen Anne's Lace (wildnip*************************************************************************** Queen Anne's Lace) celery **, kana anise/fennel.

  • Maziviro ePoison Hemlock (Conium maculatum): Kunyange zvazvo Lace yaQueen Anne inodyiwa iine dzinde regirinhi rine mvere ("Mambokadzi ane makumbo ane mvere"), Poison Hemlock ine ** yakatsetseka, isina vhudzi tsinde yakasvibira yakafukidzwa neruvara rwepepuru-tsvuku kana mavara **, inomera musty kana 3 metres inopwanyika, kusvika pamamita matanhatu. 10 tsoka) kureba.
  • Nei Mvura Hemlock (Cicuta maculata) chirimwa chinouraya zvakanyanya muNorth America: Inokura pedyo nehova mabhanga, machakwi, uye migero ine mvura, Mvura Hemlock ine midzi ine machubhu yakazadzwa neyero, ine mafuta mvura yakazadzwa ne cicutoxin. Kurumwa kamwe chete kweMvura Hemlock mudzi kukanganisa parsnip yemusango kunokonzeresa kubatwa nechisimba kukuru (status epilepticus) mukati 15 kusvika 60 maminetsi, nekukurumidza kukonzeresa yakanyanya rhabdomyolysis, metabolic acidosis, cerebral hypoxia, uye rufu kunze kwekunge ambulensi inofambisa nzira yekufambisa neinotungamirirwa.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Mwana wangu wechidiki ane makore maviri akanhonga howa diki diki kubva kuseri kwemba yedu ndokuruma. Vanoratidzika kunge vakanaka izvozvi: ndingangovatarisa kumba here?

Fonera Chepfu Kudzora (1-800-222-1222 muUnited States) pakarepo usati wafunga kugara pamba, uye chera humwe hwasara hwehowa ihwohwo (uye chero hwakafanana padyo) mubhegi repepa kuti ugone kutumira mapikicha akajeka ekepisi, gill, uye pasi pepasi stem base kune nyanzvi yehupfu. Nepo huzhinji hwehowa hudiki hudiki hwakashava ("LBMs" senge *Panaeolus foenisecii*) huchikonzera kurwara kushoma kana kusavapo, marudzi anouraya ane amatoxin (*Galerina marginata*, *Lepiota*, uye *Amanita* marudzi anokura pedyo nemiti yeyadhi) anokurawo mumayadhi uye anokonzera zviratidzo zveZERO kwemaawa matanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemana ekutanga. Poison Control ichaona kuti howa imhando yelawn isingakuvadzi here kana kuti inoda rwendo rwekukurumidza kuenda kudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira kunopihwa domo rimwe chete remarasha akabatidzwa.

Sei howa hwemusango hutsva huchifanira kuiswa mubhegi rebrown pepa pachinzvimbo chepurasitiki Ziploc bhegi kana uchiuya nadzo kuchipatara?

Howa hutsva hune mvura yakawanda kwazvo uye ma enzymes anoshanda. Kana yakavharirwa mukati mebhegi repurasitiki risina mhepo, hunyoro hunowanda nokukurumidza uye utachiona huri pamusoro pehowa hunowedzera, huchishandura chivharo, magill, uye kudzika kuita mushwa, wakaora mukati memaawa mashoma. Bhegi rebepa rebrown rinofema kana kuputira bepa rinoita kuti hunyoro hunyunguduke kuitira kuti howa hurambe huchichengetedza magill, mhete, uye chigadziko chekuziva chokwadi chemycological kuchipatara.

Mwana wangu akatsenga shizha remukati medu Philodendron / Dumb Cane (Dieffenbachia) chirimwa ndokutanga kuchema nekumedzera mate pakarepo. Izvi zvinoisa upenyu pangozi here?

In the vast majority of cases, no. *Dieffenbachia*, *Philodendron*, *Pothos*, and *Peace Lily* leaves contain microscopic bundles of needle-shaped insoluble calcium oxalate crystals (*raphides*). The instant a child or pet bites into the leaf, those microscopic needles shoot into the sensitive lining of the lips and tongue, causing immediate stinging pain and drooling. Because it hurts on the very first chew, children almost always spit it out immediately without swallowing a significant amount. Wipe out the mouth with a wet cloth, offer cold milk, water, or a popsicle to soothe the burning, and call Poison Control; go to the emergency room only if severe lip/tongue swelling, difficulty swallowing saliva, or noisy breathing develops.

What happens if a child swallows one of the bright red berries from a Yew bush (Taxus) in the yard?

It depends entirely on whether the child swallowed the berry whole or chewed the hard inner seed. The soft, sweet red cup (aril) surrounding a yew berry is actually the only part of the yew plant that does NOT contain lethal taxine cardiotoxins. In addition, if a child swallows the hard inner seed completely intact without chewing it, the tough seed coat usually passes through the digestive tract unbroken. However, if the child chewed and crushed the inner seed (or chewed on green yew needles or bark), lethal taxine alkaloids are absorbed and can cause fatal heart rhythm disturbances. Always call Poison Control immediately after any yew berry ingestion.

This guide is for informational purposes and does not replace professional medical evaluation or hands-on training. Because severe plant and mushroom poisonings can trigger seizures or cardiac arrest, we recommend taking an accredited first aid and CPR course through the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), your national Red Cross society, St John Ambulance, or a certified local training provider.

Kwatariswa

  • America's Poison Centers & American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC, United States): Clinical Triage Guidelines for Unknown Mushroom Ingestion uye Household Plant Exposures.
  • North American Mycological Association (NAMA, United States & Canada): Mushroom Poisoning Syndromes: Amatoxin, Gyromitrin, Orellanine, Muscarine, and Gastrointestinal Irritants.
  • World Health Organization (WHO): Clinical Management of Acute Poisoning by Plants and Fungi.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): * Kurwara uye Kufa Kwevhiki Yevhiki (MMWR): Amanita phalloides Mushroom Poisonings uye Clinical Treatment Protocols *.
  • National Poisons Information Service (NPIS, United Kingdom) & NHS: TOXBASE Clinical Management yeFungi (Amatoxins) uye Cardiotoxic Plants (Digitalis, Taxus, Aconitum).

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