Didia dia nsongo ya muitu ne mitshi idi ne buanga Diambuluisha dia kumpala ne disungula dia buanga¶

Kudia tshisuku tshia muitu tshidi katshiyi tshimanyike tshia muitu anyi mu lupangu lua panyima pa nzubu, kuela meji ne: hemlock wa muitu anyi foxglove udi ne buanga bu tshiyole tshia mu budimi tshidi mua kudia, anyi kupeta ne: muana mutekete mmutafune mutshi wa tshisuku wa mu nzubu kudi kufikisha ku njiwu ya lukasa. Nansha mudi nkunde ya bungi ya mu nzubu ne ya mu nzubu ifila anu disama dia mukana dia tshitupa tshîpi anyi disama dia mu tshifu, mishindu idi ishipa bantu: nangananga nkunde idi ne amatoxin Amanita ("Death Caps" ne "Destroying Angels"), water hemlock, poison hemlock, ne wonder, monkshood (aconite): udi mua kufikisha ku disama dia tshiadi, disama dia tshiadi, anyi disama dia mutshima didi mua kushipa muntu.

Mukanda ewu udi ufila mishindu ya kuenza mudimu mu tshimpitshimpi bilondeshile mikenji ya luondapu ya kudi Bulongolodi bua Buloba bujima bua Bukola bua mubidi (OMS), Centres de Poison de l’Amérique (États-Unis), Centres de Contrôle et Prevention des Maladies (CDC), North American Mycological Association (NAMA), ne UK National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Kumvua mukenji wa 6-hour mushroom latency symptoms, kulama bimue bintu bia muitu anyi bia mu tshibombi mu tshibombi tshia mabeji, ne kuyukila ne bena mudimu ba Poison Control anyi bena mudimu wa lukasa kudi kusungila mioyo ya bantu diakamue.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

Wewe anyi muntu mukuabu udi pabuipi nebe (nangananga muana) mumine, mutafune, anyi muteke ne tshisuku tshia muitu anyi mutshi udi mua kuikala ne buanga, tshimuma, tshimuma anyi miji:

1. Komba mukana mukezuke ne usukule ne mayi (kumina to): Diakamue wenze mudimu ne munu mukezuke anyi tshilamba tshitoke bua kukupula bitekete bitekete bitupa bia nkunde, mabeji, bimuma bia muitu anyi ntete idi mishale mukana mua muntu. Ubalombe bua kusukula mukana muabu ne mâyi ne kuwututa panshi. Shi badi batafuna mutshi udi ukebesha kapia ne dipuekesha dia mayi (bu mudi Dumb Cane / Dieffenbachia anyi Philodendron), nubalekele banue mayi mashika anyi mabele anyi banue tshintu tshia kudia bua kujikija lutetuku lua mukana.
2. Bikila bena mudimu ba tshimpitshimpi anyi bena mudimu ba malu a lufu diakamue:
3. Bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi diakamue (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni ku diambuluisha dia nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu) pikala muntu ne dikolela dia kupuyakana, disama dia nshingu, dipanga dia lungenyi, malu adi kaayi malelela, dikankamika dia misunya, bipupu, dikuma dia mutshima dia bitekete bitekete anyi dia patupu, dijimija dia lungenyi, anyi pikala disama/disama dia munda dituadija mêba mapite pa 6 kunyima kua didia dia nkunde ya muitu.
4. Bikila Poison Control diakamue (mu États-Unis, bikila 1-800-222-1222; mu Royaume-Uni, bikila NHS 111) pikala muntu kayi ne bimanyinu anyi anu ne disama dia mukana dikese, nansha mudi muana mutekete muele anyi mulume anu tshilamba tshimue tshia nkunde mu lupangu.
5. KUENJI KUENZA MU MUTU kumbelu: Kuteke minu panshi ku nshingu, kupeshi mayi a mukele anyi mayi a mutarde, ne kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne syrup wa ipecac nansha kakese. Kuenza bua muntu alue kakuena mua kumbusha bimpe menemene bintu bidi bishipa mu nkunde to, ne bidi mua kufikisha ku disama dia pneumonie dia aspiration didi mua kushipa muntu bikala bintu bidi bishipa mijilu bifikisha muntu ku disama dia tshimpitshimpi anyi ku dilala tulu.
6. Sangisha nkunde mijima, kayiyi minyanguke (mifume ku nshindamenu) mu tshibombi tshia mabeji: Kuelayi nkunde anyi mitshi idi mishale mu tshibombi tshia bukoya to, ne kukangayi nkunde mipiamipia mu tshibombi tshia plastique tshidi katshiyi tshibuela luya (muaba udi mâyi makuate mua kukudimuna mu tshibombi tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka mu mêba makese). Wenza mudimu ne tshingoma anyi tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi bua kumbula tshisuku tshijima kusangisha ne dikopo dia muinshi mua buloba (volva) kuinshi kua mutshi, utshibuikile mu dibeji dia wax anyi ne tshilamba tshia dibeji tshiume, ne utshiteke munda mua mufuku wa dibeji dia mvinyo.
7. Angata binjinjimbi bia ku telefone ya bianza bia mushinga mukole ku nseke ya bungi: Kumpala kua kuya ku lupitadi, wangata binjinjimbi bia pabuipi bia mushroom anyi mutshi: (a) muaba uvuaye ukola (pa buloba, pa peluze anyi pa mitshi mifue), (b) ku mutu kua tshilamba, © **muinshi mua tshilamba tshidi tshileja mishiku, anyi pa tshilamba, ne pa tshilamba (d) tshitudilu tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguke. Bibambalu bia buanga bidi mua kutuma foto eyi ku mesaje anyi ku e-mail kudi mumanyi wa malu a mitshi anyi wa mitshi bua kumanya mishindu ya bintu ne lukasa.
8. Tangila muntu yonso uvua mudie biakudia pamue: Shi nkunde ya muitu anyi bisonsa bia muitu bivua biteka mu supu wa dîku, pasta, anyi stir-fry, muntu yonso uvua mudie biakudia ebi udi ne bua kuikala mukonkonona ku lupitadi, nansha mudi bamue bena mu dîku badiumvua bimpe mpindieu.

Disungula dia tshimpitshimpi ne dipangadika dia mycological flowchart¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Didia dia nkunde ya muitu anyi dia mitshi idi ne buanga"] --> Airway{"Kudi disama dia tshimpumpu, dipanga dia lungenyi, dikuma dia mashi bitekete bitekete, anyi lutatu lua kupuyakana anyi?"}

    Airway -->|Yes: Immediate Life Threat| Call911["BIKILA 911 / 112 / 999 DIAMUE<br/>Kusukula mukana; kufila tshintu nansha tshimue ku mishiku<br/>Muaba wa ku luseke (muaba wa kuondopa); kudilongolola bua CPR"]

    Airway -->|No: Alert with stable core clinical signs| Type{"Mushipa wa muitu anyi mutshi wa vert uvua mudie anyi?"}

    Call911 --> Type

    Type -->|Wild Mushroom Ingested| Latency{"Mutantshi bungi munyi kunyima kua didia dia nkunde, disama dia nsukadi diakatuadija?"}

    Latency -->|Asymptomatic right now (Just eaten)| PoisonCall["Kupula mukana; angata nkunde yonso (ne tshishimikidi tshia muinshi mua buloba) mu tshibombi tshia mabeji<br/>Angata foto ya tshifulu, tshiadi, tshia mutshi, ne tshia tshishimikidi<br/>Bikila Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 mu États-Unis) anyi ndaku ku ED bua kupeta makala"]

    Latency -->|Early Onset: Symptoms started < 6 hours after eating<br/>(Usually 30 min to 3 hours)| EarlyMush["Bidi mua kuikala GI Irritant, Muscarine, anyi Neuro-Hallucinogenic Mushroom<br/>Ndaku ku Tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka bua kupeta mayi a mu tshifu ne bua kuondopa bimanyinu<br/>DIDIMUIJA: Ebeje ni mishindu ya bungi ya mushroom ivua misambakaja mu tshiakudia tshimue"]

    Latency -->|Delayed Onset: Symptoms started > 6 hours after eating<br/>(6 to 24 hours, or days later for Cortinarius)| LateMush["MUSHINDU WA LUPIKA: Udi wela meji ne: udi ne Amatoxin / Gyromitrin / Orellanine<br/>Ndaku ku tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka tshia lupitadi dia lukasa<br/>Bidi bikengela kufila mâyi a bungi mu mashi, makala a bungi,<br/>IV N-Acetylcysteine / Silibinin, Transplant Centre"]

    Type -->|Plant, Leaf, Berry, Bulb, or Root Ingested| PlantType{"Bimanyinu kayi anyi mishindu ya mitshi idiku?"}

    PlantType -->|Immediate mouth burning & drooling after chewing houseplant<br/>(Dieffenbachia, Philodendron, Peace Lily, Pothos)| Oxalate["Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Crystal Irritation<br/>Kusukula mukana; ufila mabele mashika, mayi, anyi popsicle<br/>Bikila tshiluilu tshia poison; Tangila bipupu bia mu njila wa luya"]

    PlantType -->|Foxglove, Oleander, Lily of the Valley, Yew, Monkshood,<br/>Hemlock, Jimsonweed, Castor Bean, or Deadly Nightshade| LethalPlant["TOXIN WA MU MUTU WA BIDIMU BIKOLE<br/>Ndaku ku tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka tshia lupitadi diakamue<br/>Bidi bikengela kulonda ECG misangu yonso, makala,<br/>ne manga kampanda (Digoxin Fab, Physostigmine, Benzodiazepines)"]

Tshitupa 1: Disama dia nsongo ya muitu (Mycetismus) ne masama 8 a mu lupitadi¶

Pa mishindu mipite pa 10,000 ya macrofungi idi mimanyike pa buloba bujima, mikese kupita 100 idi ne buanga bua bantu, ne mishindu mitue ku dikumi ne ibidi ke idi ifila buanga bua mushroom bupite pa 95 pa lukama. Ino, kakuena mukenji nansha umua wa bantu anyi muyuki wa bakaji bakulumpe udi mua kusunguluja tshisuku tshidi katshiyi ne njiwu ne tshidi tshishipa bantu to.

Kumbusha nkindi ya bantu idi ne njiwu ya mushroom¶

• Mishima 1: "Kulamba, kulamba, kuyumisha, anyi kulama mu mashika kudi kumbusha buanga bua mu nkunde.": DI DISHIMI. Amatoxins (octapeptides cycliques lethal dans des mushrooms de Death Cap et Destroying Angel) badi 100 pa lukama bashindame ku kapia, kabayi mua kukuata mashika, ne kabayi mua kuenza mudimu bibi.. Kulamba, kuosha, kuosha, kujimija mayi, anyi kudia mu aside wa mu tshifu kakuena kukepesha lufu luabu nansha kakese.
• Nsumuinu 2: "Nshinga ya lufu idi ne mupuya mubi, mubi, anyi mubi, anyi idi inyanga tshibombi tshia arjan mu tshilongo tshia kutekela.": DI DISHIMI. Bantu badi bapanduka ku disama dia Amanita phalloides (Death Cap) badi baleja ne: mushrooms uvua ununka bimpe ne uvua ne mupuya mubi **kavua ne mupuya mubi, ne nansha kakese kukudimuna ayi anyi matungulu mafike.
• Nsumuinu 3: "Bikala mbua, ntambue, ngulube, anyi mbua bidia tshisuku, kabiena ne njiwu kudi bantu to.": MASHI. Bishi, bikunyibua, ne nyama ya bungi ya muitu idi ne tshitupa tshia mubidi tshishilangane ne idi idia pa tshibidilu Amanita phalloides kayiyi ne harm.
• Nsumuinu 4: "Nyunyi ya lufu idi ne misombelu mitoke anyi mitu idi kayiyi ipatuka bipepele.": DI DISHIMI. Muanjelu wa dibutula (Amanita bisporigera / Amanita virosa) udi mukezuke, kayi ne bualu mutoke bu neje, eku Tshifulu tshia lufu (Amanita phalloides) tshidi ne mutoyi wa vert anyi wa jaune wa olitan udi ukosolola bipepele ne misangu ya bungi udi ushima bena tshimuangi badi ne dimanya dia bungi bua kuela meji ne: udi mushroom wa Paddy Straw wa mu Asie (Volvariella volvacea) anyi button mushroom (Agaricus) udibu mua kudia.
• Myth 5: "A smartphone-identification mushroom app udi wamba ne udi mua kudia 98%.": FALSE. Bibambalu bia poison pa buloba bujima bidi bileja divulangana dia poison mikole idi ifumina kudi ba-fourger badi beyemena apps ya foto ya AI, idi misangu yonso kayiyi imona mekala a volva anyi spore adibu bajiike muinshi mua buloba adi atapulula mushroom udi mua kudia ne mushroom Amanita.

Tablo munene wa misongo ya disama dia mushroom bilondeshile ntuadijilu wa bimanyinu¶

Baminganga batutapulula disama dia mushroom mu Delayed-Onset Syndromes (> 6 hours, lufu lua bungi ne dinyanguka dia bitupa bia mubidi) ne Masama a ntuadijilu (< 6 hours, misangu mikese lufu ne diambuluisha dia diambuluisha).

Dibuela mu bitupa binayi bia disama dia Amatoxin (Amanita phalloides)¶

Bualu 90 pa lukama ya lufu lua nkunde pa buloba bujima idi ifumina ku alpha-amanitin mu Amanita phalloides (Death Cap), Amanita bisporigera/virosa (Destroying Angel), ne Galerina marginata, kumvua bikondo binayi bia luondapu bidi ne mushinga:

• Tshitupa 1: Tshikondo tshia dikisha (mêba 6 too ne ku 24 kunyima kua didia): Mu mêba 6 too ne ku 12 a kumpala kunyima kua didia, muntu udi umvua 100 pa lukama bimpe. Mu tshikondo etshi tshia ditalala, amatoxins idi ipatuka mu tshifu, ibuela mu hepatocytes ya mu tshifu ku diambuluisha dia OATP1B3 transporters, ne idi ilamakaja kakuyi mushindu wa kupingana ku RNA Polymerase II, bipangisha difunda dia ARN yonso dia mukenji ne dienza dia proteyine mu tshifu.
• Tshitupa 2: Tshitupa tshia Gastroenterite tshikole (mêba 12 too ne ku 36 kunyima kua didia): Mu tshimpitshimpi, mubedi udi upeta disama dia mu tshifu dikole, disama dia tshifu didi kadiyi dijika, ne disama dia munda dia bungi, dia mâyi, dia buena dia kolera (misangu mikuabu didi ne mashi ne mutoyi), didi difikisha ku dijimija dia mâyi mu mubidi, hypomique potassium, ne metabolic acidose.
• Tshitupa 3: "Diondapibua dia dishima" / Tshitupa tshia ngondo wa dibaka (mêba 24 too ne ku 72 kunyima kua didia): Pabuipi ne dituku 2 anyi dituku 3, disama dia nsukadi ne disama dia munda bidi bijika, ne mubedi udi umvua bimpe menemene. Babedi badi kabayi bamanye (ne imue misangu baminganga badi kabayi batangila enzyme ya tshiadi mu mashi) batu bela meji ne: bavua anu ne disama dia mu tshifu dia mêba 24 ne baya kumbelu. Munda mua mubidi, nansha nanku, dibutuka dia hepatocyte dia bungi didi dienda dienzeka, ne serum liver transaminases (AST ne ALT) idi yenda ivula mu binunu.
• Tshitupa 4: Dipanga dia tshifu (matuku 3 too ne ku 7 kunyima kua didia): Jaundice (mêsu ne kikoba bia jaune), dipanga dia mashi a bungi (bualu tshifu tshifue katshiena kabidi mua kupatula glucose to), disama dia coagulopathie dikole ne dipatukila dia mashi dia patupu (INR skyrock bualu katshiena tshienza bua tshifu tshikale tshikole to), disama dia tshiadi, disama dia tshiadi, coma, dipanga dia tshiadi, ne lufu pa kumbusha dipanda dia tshiadi dia lukasa anyi diondapangana dia kumpala dia antidotal dikumbane.

Bua tshinyi makala a bungi adi asungila mioyo ya bantu mu disama dia Amatoxin¶

Nansha mubedi udi ne disama dia Amanita phalloides mufike ku lupitadi mêba 12 too ne ku 36 kunyima kua yeye mumane kudia nkunde, baminganga ba lupitadi badi anu bafila Makala a bungi (MDAC) kunyima kua mêba 2 anyi 4 ku diambuluisha dia mukana anyi dia tshiamu tshia nasogastric. Buatshinyi? Bualu too ne ku 60 pa lukama ya amatoxin udibu bapeta udi upatuka kudi tshifu mu bile, upingana mu mala makese a kuulu, ne upingana mu mashi misangu ne misangu (enterohepatic circulation). Kulama makala a kapia adi apita mu mala kudi kulamakaja amatoxine udi upatuka mu mala ne udi umupatula mu tshina kakuyi bualu.

Mushindu wa kusangisha ne kukuata foto ya tshisuku anyi mutshi bua kumanya¶

Paudi ubikila bena mudimu ba Poison Control anyi paudi ufika ku tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka, mumanyi wa malu a buanga anyi mumanyi wa malu a mishipa udi ne bua kumanya tshintu atshi too ne ku mushindu wa tshintu atshi. Londa mikenji inayi eyi ya dilama:

1. Kumbula tshisuku tshijima: kutshibula anu tshifulu to: Tshintu tshia mushinga mukole tshidi tshitapulula tshisuku tshia Amanita tshidi tshishipa bantu ne tshidi tshimueneka bu tshidi mua kudia ntshia **dikopo didi bu tshibombi anyi tshintu tshidi tshiuwule tente (volva) tshijika mu bule bua santimetre 2 too ne ku 5 (1 anyi 2 inches) kuinshi menemene kua mutshi. Wenza mudimu ne muele wa manteka, tshibombi, anyi tshibombi tshia mu budimi bua kumbula muinshi mua nkunde ne kubandisha tshintu tshionso tshikale tshinyanguke.
2. Usangishe bikondo bia bungi bia muoyo shi udi ukola mu kasumbu: Shi kudi bisonsa bia "button" ne bisonsa bikola bidi bikola pamue, mbula tshimue anyi bibidi bia tshitupa tshionso.
3. Wenza mudimu misangu yonso ne tshibombi tshia mabeji anyi tshibombi tshia wax: KUENA tshibombi tshia plastike nansha kakese: Nseke mipiamipia idi ne mâyi 90 pa lukama ne idi itungunuka ne kupuyakana panyima pa dikosa. Kukanga tshibombi munda mua tshibombi tshia plastique tshia Ziploc anyi mu tshibombi tshia biakudia tshia plastique kudi kukuata luya ne kapia, bienza bua bactérie ikale mâyi adi akudimuna tshintu atshi mu tshibombi tshikunze tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka kumpala kua kufikatshi mu laboratware. Teka mushroom yonso mu mufuku wa biakudia bia mu midi wa dibeji dia mvinyo anyi umubuikile bimpe mu dibeji dia wax anyi mu bipese bia dibeji diume.
4. Lama bintu bionso bidi kabiyi bisukula, bipese bia mu tshibombi tshia kulamba nabi, anyi tshintu tshidi tshipatuka: Bikalaku kakuyi nkunde mijima idi mishale, enza mudimu ne tshibombi tshikezuke ne dikopo dia tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshipatuka mâyi bua kulama bitupa bionso bia nkunde bidibu bapatule mu tshibombi tshia supu, bintu bia mu tshibombi tshia bukoya, anyi mene emesis (maluvu): mumanyi wa malu a mitshi wa mu laboratware udi mua kujingulula **mushipa wa muinshi mua nkunde ** mikroskope nansha kunyima kua diteka anyi dijimija dia biakudia.

Tshitupa 2: Dishipa dia bantu ne dia pa tshibidilu dia mu nzubu anyi dia mitshi ya muitu¶

Dipeta dia mitshi didi mu bisumbu bibidi bishilangane: mitshi ya mu nzubu (idibu batafuna misangu ya bungi kudi bana batekete ne nyama ya mu nzubu, idi ifikisha ku disama dia mukana dia lukasa kadi kayiyi misangu ya bungi ifila buanga bua mubidi mujima) ne mitshi idi ne buanga bua muoyo anyi bua mijilu (idi mua kushipa muntu mukulumpe anyi muana mu mêba makese).

Difuanyikija dinene dia mitshi idi ne buanga ku diambuluisha dia toxidrome wa luondapu¶

Tshintu tshia lufu tshia "Karote wa muitu / Parsnip wa muitu" udi ukeba biakudia: Hemlock¶

Mu muvu wa printemps ne wa muvu wa été, babidime bapiluke ne badi bakeba biakudia batu bapeta buanga bua Water Hemlock (Ccuta maculata) anyi Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum) bu nyama ya muitu idibu mua kudia ya mu dîku dia Apiaceae (carrotte/parsil), bu mudi **Queen Anne's Laced (carrot,) celery wa muitu, anyi anise/fennel.

• Mushindu wa kujingulula Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum): Nansha mudi Queen Anne's Lace udi mua kudia muikale ne mutshi wa tshisuku udi ne boya ("Mukalenge mukaji udi ne mikolo idi ne boya"), Poison Hemlock udi ne mutshi wa vert mutoke udi kayi ne boya udi mubuikila kudi mabala a violet-mutoke, mupuya wa mpuku, ne mupuya wa mpuku padiye unyanguka udi ukola too ne ku metre 2 too ne ku 3 (6 too ne ku 10 feet) mu bule.
• Bua tshinyi mutshi wa Water Hemlock (Ccuta maculata) udi mutshi udi ushipa bantu bikole mu Amerike wa ku Nord: Udi ukola ku muelelu kua misulu, mu bisuku ne mu misulu, Water Hemlock udi ne miji ya tuberous miule tente ne mâyi a manyi adi ne cicutoxin. Kudia tshitupa tshimue tshia muji wa Water Hemlock udibu bela meji ne: parsnip wa muitu kudi kufikisha ku disama dia tshimpitshimpi (status epilepticus) mu minite 15 too ne ku 60, ne lukasa luonso kufikisha ku disama dia rhabdomyolyse dikole, metabolic acidose, cerebral hypoxia, ne lufu anu padibu kabayi bafila luondapu lua lukasa lua mu njila wa luya ne benzopine mufila.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Mukanda ewu udi bua kufila ngumu ne kawena upingana pa muaba wa dikonkonona dia malu a luondapu anyi dilongesha dia ku bianza to. Bu mudi disama dikole dia mitshi ne dia nkunde mua kufikisha ku disama dia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia mutshima, tudi tunulomba bua kulonga tulasa tua diambuluisha dia kumpala ne tua CPR ku diambuluisha dia International Federation of International Croix-Rouge and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), tshisumbu tshia Croix-Rouge tshia mu ditunga dienu, St John Ambulance, anyi mufidi wa tulasa wa muaba unudi.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Bibambalu bia maluvu bia mu Amerike ne tshisumbu tshia bena Amerike tshia nzubu ya diluisha masama (AAPCC, États-Unis): Mikenji ya disungula dia malu a luondapu bua didia dia nkunde idi kayiyi mimanyike ne dipeta dia mitshi ya mu nzubu.
• Tshisumbu tshia bena Amerika wa ku Nord (NAMA, États-Unis ne Canada): Masama a disama dia mushroom: Amatoxin, Gyromitrin, Orellanine, Muscarine, ne Gastrointestinal Irritants.
• Bulongolodi bua makanda a mubidi pa buloba bujima (OMS): Dilama dia disama dia lufu lua mitshi ne bikunyibua.
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC, États-Unis): Luapolo lua lumingu luonso lua masama ne lufu (MMWR): Amanita phalloides Dishipangana dia nkunde ne mishindu ya diondapangana dia mu lupitadi.
• National Poison Information Service (NPIS, United Kingdom) & NHS: TOXBASE Clinical Management of Fungi (Amatoxins) and Cardiotoxic Plants (Digitalis, Taxus, Aconitum).

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia poison ne disungula dia diluisha poison
• Disama dia tshiadi, disama dia mu tshifu, ne dijimija dia mayi mukana
• Disama dia botulisme, disama dia mushipa wa mbuji, ciguatera, ne disama dia scombroid
• Disama dia tshimpitshimpi ne diambuluisha dia kumpala dia tshimpumpu
• CPR ne dipuekesha dia mupuya bua bantu bakole
• Nomba ya njiwu bilondeshile ditunga