Dikuma dia tshiamu tshia mitaku, mitshi ya printemps, ne mputa ya dikosa dia mitshi¶

Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia mitaku ne dikosa dia mitshi bidi munkatshi mua njiwu mikole ya mashinyi mu mudimu wa dilama mitshi ne wa disukula dia nzubu mu tshipepele tshikole. Tshiamu tshia lelu tshidi tshienza mudimu ne esanse anyi ne bateri tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi lubilu lua 18 too ne ku 28 metre ku sekonde (40 too ne ku 62 mph) eku motere wenda unyunguluka ku 10 000 too ne ku 14 000 ku minite (RPM). Bishilangane na tshingoma tshia mu tshikuku anyi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshikosa tshitupa tshikezuke, meno a tshiamu tshia mitaku adi menza bu biamu bikese bidi bipanda tshitupa tshia 6-to-10-millimeter-wide (0.25-to-0.4-inch) kerf channel, tshipatula ne tshikosa dikoba, mifuba, mifuba, tshitupa tshibidi tshia mishipa.

Padi nsongo ya kuulu ya tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi tshiamu tshilenga ku mpukapuka ditamba, mutshi musokome, anyi luseke lua tshintu tshidi tshikuata, tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mudimu tshidi mua kupingana panyima mu tshitupa tshia 90-degree mutangile ku mpala, ku nshingu, ku dikasa dia bakaji anyi ku tshiadi tshia muena mudimu mu 0.10 too ne ku 0.15 sekonde, udi lubilu lupite lua 0.10 too ne ku 0.15 sekonde. tshikondo tshia diandamuna dia buongo bua muntu. Tshidi tshitamba kushipa bantu kupita tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ntshia bukole bua bungi budi bukoka bintu ne bukole budibu balame munda mua mitshi mimane ne mitshi idi mikuluke kudi tshipepele tshikole: bitupa bia mubidi bidi bifua bidi bikuluka (bafuba ba mu lufuila), bipese bia mitshi bidi bibutuka (barber-chairing), mitshi idi mikoseka padibu batshioka (spring poles), ne mupimbu wa miji udi upingana kunyima kua tshipepele tshikole; mona dilengeja dia tshipepele tshikole ne tshipepele tshikole. Kumanya mua kuimanyika dipatuka dia mashi mu tshiamu tshia mitaku diakamue, mushindu wa kupatula muena mudimu udi mukuatshike kakuyi bualu budi buenza mudimu wa dikosa dia mitshi, ne mushindu wa kubala dikokangana dia mutshi kumpala kua kutshikosa kudi kusungila mioyo ya bantu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kima motere wa tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi ela frein wa tshiamu tshia kumpala diakamue kumpala kua wewe kuya kudi muena mudimu udi mutapike. Kuena muanji kubuela mu tshianza tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienda tshikuata kudi muntu udi mutshioke anyi udi upona to. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia kuimanyika kapia ku OFF ne kuela tshiamu tshia kumpala tshia kulama tshianza kumpala bua kukanga frein wa nkanu.
2. Ela bukole bua kutshibula anyi tshiamu tshia windlass diakamue bua mashi a bungi a mu tshiadi anyi a mu nshingu. Mputa ya dikuma dia tshiamu tshia chainsage itu misangu ya bungi ikosa mushipa wa mu tshiadi tshia ku dia bakaji, mushipa wa radial/brachial mu diboko dia bakaji, anyi mushipa wa carotid/jugular mu nshingu. Bua kupatuka anyi kusangisha mashi ku diboko anyi ku dikasa, udi mua kuela tshilamba tshia tourniquet tshia santimetre 5 too ne ku 7 (2 too ne ku 3 inches) pa mutu pa tshilonda ne kutshinyungulula too ne padi mashi onso ajika; bua mputa ya mu nshingu, pa makaya, anyi mu tshiadi, ela tshina tshikole ne gaze wa hemostatique anyi wa sterile ne ufina bikole ne bianza bionso bibidi; mona diambuluisha dia kumpala dia mashi.
3. Bikila nimero ya tshimpitshimpi ya muaba uudi musombele diakamue ne uleje miaba ya GPS ya mu misoko anyi miaba idibu mua kubuela mu njila. Ela 911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, anyi 999 mu Royaume-Uni (tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi). Shi udi wenza mudimu mu budimi bua kule, tuma muntu muibidi mu njila munene bua kupuekesha ambulanse anyi kulombola bantu badi bambuluisha bantu mu lupepele.
4. Tangila matamba a "widowmaker" adi malengeja ne utangile mudi mutshi mushindame kumpala kua kufukama ku luseke lua muntu udibu bashipe mutshi. Kokunyema lubilu muinshi mua mutshi mulengeja anyi mutshi mutapuluke bua kukoka muntu to. Kutapa anyi kuela mutshi udi wenda unyunguluka ku luseke lua dipueka dia kumpala bua kauyi mua kusomba kabidi pa muntu udibu bashipe anyi kukutshibula.
5. Londa mukenji wa minite 15 wa Crush Syndrome pikala mutshi mule udi ukuata maulu anyi tshifu tshia muntu udibu bashipe. Bikala muntu au mukuate minite mitue ku 15 ne udi mua kubandisha anyi kuela mutshi au bimpe ku diambuluisha dia leviers, wedges anyi jack kuyi ukosa mutshi wa tension udi kauyi mushindame, umupatule diakamue. Bikalabu babakuate muinshi mua tshibombi tshinene munkatshi mua minite mipite pa 15, windile baminganga bapiluke bua kubapesha mâyi ne manga kumpala kua kubandisha bujitu, anu pikala tshifu tshiabu katshiyi mua kupuyakana; mona disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia tshitupa tshia mubidi.
6. Lama dikuba dia mukolo ne kuondopa tshipupu kunyima kua dikuma dia widowmaker anyi dia spring-pole. Dikasa didi dikuluka dikuma tshifulu anyi spring-pole didi dikuma mu tshiadi didi difila njiwu mikole ya tshimpitshimpi; ikala mubedi mutekete, mupuwe, ne mubuikila mu bilamba biume bia kapia paudi utangila mudiye upuyakana.

Bukole bunayi budi buenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne bua tshinyi kickback udi upita bukole bua muntu¶

Muntu yense udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku udi upeta bukole bunayi budi bufumina ku tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshinyunguluka tshidi tshienza mudimu ne mutshi. Kujingulula mushindu udi bukole ebu buenza mudimu ku bianza biebe kudi kupangisha dijimija dia bukokeshi didi difikisha ku kanyinganyinga.

flowchart TD
    A["Chainsaw anyi dikosa dia mitshi ya tshimpitshimpi"] --> B{"Ntapa ya mushindu kayi ivua mienzeke?"}
    B -->|"Ditapa dia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku (tshianza, diboko, nshingu, anyi mpala)"| C["KULOMBOLA MASHI A MU MISHI KUMPALA"]
    C --> D["Mputa wa ku makasa: Ela tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia 5 too ne ku 7 cm pa mutu pa mputa + tshienzedi tshia buludiludi"]
    C --> E["Mputa wa mu nshingu / pa dikasa / pa tshiadi: Uteke mputa bikole ne gaze ne umukuate bikole ku bianza"]
    B -->|"Muela muinshi mua mutshi udi mukuluke anyi muinshi mua miji"| F{"Tshifu anyi njila wa lupepele mmutshibuke anyi mmusuika < 15 minutes anyi?"}
    F -->|"Eyowa: Tshifu tshikanga anyi < 15 min"| G["Chock/crib log bua kubenga kukuluka, pashishe bandisha/lever weight diakamue"]
    F -->|"Tòo: Maulu/tshiamu tshikanga > minite 15 ne mupuya muimpe"| H["Kulama mutshi ne tshilamba tshia kulala; bikila 911/112/999; bindila protocole wa Crush Syndrome IV wa munganga kumpala kua kubandisha"]
    B -->|"Kukuma kudi Overhead Widowmaker Limb anyi Spring Pole"| I["Lekela tshifulu pa muaba watshi pikala mupuya muimpe; kuimanyika mutu/mukolo; Tangila ni disama dia tshiadi anyi dia difu"]

1. Rotational kickback (The Upper-Quadrant Nose Trap)¶

Rotational kickback udi ne bujitu bua mputa mikole ya ku mpala, ku nshingu, ne ku makaya:

• Fizike wa Upper-Quadrant Kickback Zone: Padi tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshienda tshinyunguluka nsongo (mishiku) ya tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi, menu a tshiamu tshia nzembu adi pa tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia tshiamu tshia nsongo adi enda apueka ne apingana panyima kudi muena mudimu ne lubilu lua metre 20+ ku sekonde (45+ mph). Shi menu a ku mulu alenga tshintu tshikole (bu mudi mutshi muibidi musokome kunyima kua tshiudi ukosa, tshitupa tshia ditamba, luseke lua tshina tshidibu bakose, anyi buloba bukole budi ne mashika), dino didi dibuela munda ne kadiena mua kukoka tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshinyunguluka kupitshila ku tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi to.
• Instantaneous Newton's Third Law reaction: Pamutu pa kukosa, dinu dia dikosa didi dishintulula bukole buonso bua motere bua kukuma nsongo ya tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi ne tshikisu muulu ne panyima mu tshijengu tshikole tshitangile ku mutu ne ku dikaya dia dia bakaji.
• Bua tshinyi lungenyi lua muntu kaluena mua kuimanyika: Tshintu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshidi tshilombola 90 degrés muulu mu 0.10 too ne ku 0.15 sekonde. Bu mudi tshisumi tshia mubidi wa muntu tshiangata sekonde 0,20 anu bua kumbuka ku dîsu diebe too ne ku misunyi ya tshianza tshiebe, kuena mua kuenza bualu kampanda mu tshikondo tshiakanyine to. Anu bintu bibidi bia kudikuba nabi ke bidi bipangisha tshingoma kumpala kua kukututa ku mpala:
• Kukuata tshianza tshiebe tshia balume tshijima MUINSHI mua tshiamu tshia kumpala: Wewe mukuate tshiamu tshia kumpala ne tshianza tshia nkima tshia "open-thumb" (tshianza tshinene tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia ku luseke lua minu yebe), dikuma dia tshianza didi dipatula tshiamu tshia mashinyi ku minu yebe. Kuela tshianza tshieba tshia balume muinshi mua tshiamu tshia mitaku kudi kukanga tshianza tshiebe ne kuenzeja tshiamu tshia kukuma natshi bua kunyunguluka ku tshianza tshiebe tshia bakaji, kukuma tshianza tshiebe tshia bakaji nkayatshi ku chain brake paddle.
• Frein wa Inertia ne wa Mechanical Chain: Frein wa chain udi wenza mudimu udi ulekela tshiamu tshidi tshinyunguluka tshifua mu 0.06 too ne ku 0.12 sekonde nansha padi tshianza tshiebe tshia bakaji tshituta tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi anyi padi tshiamu tshia inertie tshia munda tshiumvua bukole bua G bua kuulu bua dikuma.

2. Bukole bua dikoka, dipingaja panyima, ne dikoka dia mulongolongo¶

Dikosa dia mitshi ne disukula dia tshipepele tshikole: bafidi ba bakaji ba mu lufuila, nkuasa ya ba-barbier, mitshi ya spring, ne miji ya miji¶

Mu mudimu wa madimi ne dilengeja dia nzubu kunyima kua tshipepele tshikole, bantu ba bungi badi bafua kudi mitshi idibu bakosa kupita ku meno a tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Kumpala kua kulenga tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshienda ku mutshi udi muimane anyi ku tshintu tshidi tshikuluka, tangila mutshi bua kumanya ni udi ne njiwu inayi eyi:

1. "Bafumbi ba mu lufuila" ba pa mutu ne mitshi milengeja¶

Mufumbi wa mukamba i tshitupa tshionso tshitshibuka, tshifue, tshibole, anyi tshitapuluke tshidi tshilengeja mu tshisasa tshia kuulu tshia mutshi uudi ukosa (anyi mu mutshi udi pabuipi), ne kabidi mutshi mukosa udi mukuatshike munkatshi mua matamba a mutshi udi pabuipi (mutshi mulengeja):

• Dikankamika didi difikisha ku dikuluka: Diakamue padi tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshikosa muinshi mua mutshi anyi wewe ukuma tshiamu tshia plastike ne tshingoma, dikankamika dia tshiamu didi dienda dibandila ku mutshi ne dikankamika bitupa bia mubidi bidi bifue bia kilo 100 (220-pound) bifumina ku metre 15 (50 feet) pa mutu. Matamba adi makuluke adi apueka mupuwe eku matshi ebe mafuishe ku mutoyi wa 110-decibel wa tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne bia kujika nabi matshi ebe.
• Mikenji isatu minene ya mitshi mikudika: Shi mutshi uudi mukosa udi mubuela mu mutshi mukuabu ne ubenga kukuluka panshi:
• KUENDI nansha kakese muinshi mua mutshi mulengeja.
• KUTEKI nansha kakese bua kukupula mutshi udi mutshi wa kumpala muimanyine.
• KUbanda pa mutshi udi muiname anyi uteta bua kukosa mutshi udi muiname panshi mu bitupa bikese bia "stove-pipe" bimana kumbukila kuinshi. Pamutu pa nanku, umbusha tshitupa tshia bukubi ne upuekeshe mutshi udi mubandile pa tshisasa ku diambuluisha dia cant hook / peavey mule ku nshindamenu, anyi koka tshishimikidi panyima pa ntanta wa bukubi pambelu pa tshibandilu, wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi anyi tshiamu tshia nshinga tshile.

2. "Nkuasa wa nsuki" udi mutapuluke¶

Nkuasa wa barbier udi wenzeka padi mutshi muikale ne dikosa dia kumpala dikole (anyi mupuekeshibua kudi lupepele lukole anyi mubole munkatshi) ne muena mudimu utuadija kuenza dikosa dia panyima dia pa tshibidilu kumpala kua mutshi mukumbane bua kukuata. Kumpala kua dikosa dia panyima dijika, bujitu bunene bua mutshi budi bupandulula mutshi mu bululame mu ntete mu bule bua metre 3 too ne ku 6 (10 too ne ku 20 feet) ne mutoyi wa tshingoma tshia bingoma. Padi mutu wa mutshi upona kumpala, tshitupa tshia panyima tshia mutshi tshidi tshitapuluka ne bukole kunyima pa mutu pa tshimuma, tshitshibula tshifu ne tshifu tshia muena mudimu panshi mu tshitupa tshia sekonde.

• Dikuba: Kuena ne tshia kuenza mudimu ne mutshi udi mutangile kumpala (bu mudi ash, hickory, oak, anyi eucalyptus). Bantu bapiluke badi benza mudimu ne bore-cut (plunge-cut) wa pa buawu udi ne tshilamba tshia kulama panyima anyi basuika tshilamba tshikole tshia ratchet/chain pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia mutshi bua kupangisha ditapuluka dia muulu.

3. Mitshi ya printemps (mitshi mikosa muinshi mua bukole bua bungi)¶

Panyima pa tshipepele tshikole, tshipepele tshikole tshia mashika, anyi tshipepele tshikole tshimane kukuma mutshi munene, makumi a mitshi mikese idi ne muoyo (5 too ne ku 20 santimetre / 2 too ne ku 8 inches mu butshiama) idi mikuate ne mikoseka misangu ibidi mu bitupa bikole muinshi mua mutshi mule. Mitshi eyi idi mikoseka itu ibikidibua ne: makunji a mu tshina tshia mâyi:

• Bukole bua katapult budibu balame: Mutshi mukosa udi ulama binunu bia joules bia bukole bua tshiamu tshia elastic. Shi muena nzubu udi kayi ne dimanya dia bungi udi ulua ne uteka tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa mutu pa tshitupa tshikole tshia tshibumba, mionji ya mabaya mikole idi kuinshi ne mionji mikole idi kuulu idi itshibuka diakamue, ikuma mutshi wa mutshi munene muulu ne lubilu lua 60 too ne ku 100 km/h (37 too ne ku 62h) bu mudi dibue dia mu tshibumba ditshibuke mishiku, nshingu, ne mifuba anyi kuela tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshienda lubilu mu mpala wa muena mudimu.
• Mushindu wa kulekela mutshi wa tshiamu tshia nzembu bimpe: Imana munda anyi bimpe pambelu pa tshibandilu tshia tshibandilu. Manya tshitupa tshia dikoseka dia bungi (muaba udi mulongo mululame wa mu lungenyi ufumina ku miji upetangana ne mulongo mululame udi ufumina ku mutu udibu bafunde). Pamutu pa kukosa bululame ku mutu kua tshibumba ne dikosa dimue, kosa bipese bitekete, bia muinshi mua buloba mu tshitupa tshia muinshi tshia tshikokedi mu angle wa 45-degree bua mionji ya mutshi ikose ne ikoseke bitekete bitekete mu tshibandilu kayiyi itshibuka bikole, anyi kukosa nsongo mikanga kule ne tshikoseka paudi muimane panyima pa mutshi wa bukubi.

4. Miji mikosolola (miji) idi ipingana mu tshina¶

Padi tshipepele tshikole tshipuekesha mutshi munene ku miji yawu, tshimanu tshia bule bua metre 3 too ne ku 5 (10 too ne ku 16) tshia buloba, mabue ne miji tshidi tshiimana pa mutu pa tshina tshikole. Mutshi mule udi mutangile udi wenza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi tshikuata mupimbu wa miji wa tone ya bungi mukuluke.

• Tshiamu tshia miji tshidi tshishipa bantu: Padi muntu ukosa mutshi munene pabuipi ne tshishimikidi tshia mutshi udibu bumbushe, tshintu tshidi tshiluisha tshidi tshijimina diakamue. 2,000-to-10,000-kilogramme (4,400-to-22,000-pound) mupimbu wa miji udi upingana panyima mu tshina tshiawu mu sekonde umue bu tshintu tshinene tshia mpuku. Muntu yense muimane munda anyi pabuipi ne tshina tshia miji (anyi bana badi banaya mu tshina kunyima kua dikosa dia mutshi) udi ujika ne muoyo ne utshibuka diakamue.
• Mukenji: Kuimana nansha kakese ku luseke lua tshina tshia miji ya mutshi udibu bumbushe, ela miji ne mitshi mikole anyi biamu bia mudimu kumpala kua kukosa, ne enza bua mutshi webe wa kumpala ukose muulu mutangile ku tshifulu tshia mutshi pamutu pa kuikala anu ku luseke lua miji.

Mutshi wa dikuma ne wa dikolesha: mushindu kayi wa kukosa mitshi idi mikuluke kakuyi dikuma anyi dikuma¶

Padibu bakosa mutshi udi mukuluke mu bule bua nkunyi (bucking) anyi padibu bakosa mutshi udi mukuluke mu njila wa mashinyi anyi pa mutu pa nzubu, mutshi udi wenza mudimu bu mutshi udi ne bujitu udi mukuatshisha muaba umue anyi ibidi. Bukole budi bukoka bintu budi bukoka mutshi, buenza miaba ibidi idi kayiyi ipetangana munda mua mutshi idi muena mudimu yonso wa tshiamu tshia mitaku ne bua kubala kumpala kua kutuadija kukosa:

1. Muaba wa dikokangana (mionji idi mitambakane): Ku luseke lua mutshi udi musombe ku pambelu pa tshijengu, mionji ya mutshi idi mikoka bikole bu mionji ya tshisanji tshia guitare. Paudi ukosa mutshi wa tension, kerf (tshitupa tshia saw) tshidi tshikoka bikole; Wewe mukose njila yonso kumbukila ku luseke lua dikosa nkayadi, santimetre 2 ya ndekelu (0.8 inches) ya mutshi neyipanduluke ne neyitapuluke bikole.
2. Muaba wa dikuma (mionji idi mifina pamue): Ku luseke lua mutshi udi musombe pa munda mua dikoseka, mionji ya mutshi idi mifina pamue kudi bujitu bua mutshi. Wewe mukose bikole mu luseke lua dikuma dia kumpala, tshintu tshidi tshikanga tshidi tshikuata tshiamu tshiebe tshia kulombola natshi tshiamu tshiebe tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi bikole bu mudi tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshidi tshijula ​​tshienzedi tshikole tshia linear back-back anyi rotational kickback.

Dikuma dia nkanu: njiwu ya masashi a lubilu lukole ya tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitshibuka¶

Nansha mudi bantu ba bungi bamanye bualu bua guide-bar kickback, bibambalu bia bukubi bia muitu bidi kabidi badimuija bua chain shot, bualu budi buenzeka nangananga ku biamu bia kukosa nabi mitshi bidi bienda lubilu lukole ne ku biamu bia kuenza nabi mudimu bidi ne bukole bua bungi bidi kabiyi bilama bimpe padi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshinyanguke tshinyanguka ku RPM mujima:

• Mushindu udi dikuma dia nkanu dienzeka: Padi nkanu ya tshiamu tshia mitaku idi ne biamu bia mudimu bipanduluke, biamu bia kukosa nabi bintu bidi kabiyi bimueneka bimpe, anyi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshikole tshitshibuka pabuipi ne tshintu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi, ndekelu wa tshiamu tshidi tshitshibuka tshidi tshinyunguluka ku mushiku wa tshiamu tshia mitaku bu bullwhip. Tshitupa tshia nsongo tshia tshingoma tshidi tshienda lubilu kupita 300 metres ku sekonde (1,000 feet ku sekonde) ne tshidi tshipatuka, tshienda tshibuuka mu lupepele ne bukole bua tshingoma tshia .38-caliber handgun bullet.
• Bipeta bia luondapu ne mushindu wa kuepuka: Dino dia nshinga didi mua kubuela mu tshiadi, mu difu anyi mu nshingu wa muntu udi pabuipi nende ku bule bua metre 15 too ne ku 30 (50 too ne ku 100 feet). Misangu yonso, ikala ne bantu badi pabuipi bule bua mitshi ibidi (anyi metre 15+ / metre 50+ padibu bakuma) kule ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, tangila bukole bua tshiamu tshiebe ne mafuta dîba dionso diudi wela mafuta, ne upuekesha tshiamu tshionso tshidi tshikuate dibue dikole anyi tshidi tshileja milonda ya nsuki.

Diambuluisha dia kumpala bua mputa ya tshiamu tshia mitaku ne disama dia mitshi¶

Bu mudi mputa ya tshiamu tshia mitaku misangu yonso yenzeka mu nzubu ya panyima, mu mitshi ya mu misoko, anyi mu miaba minyanguke kudi tshipepele tshikole mudi mashinyi a ambulanse apita mutantshi mule, dilama dia mashi adi apatuka diakamue didi dijadika mushindu wa kushala ne muoyo.

Tshitupa 1: Kuimanyika dipatuka dia mashi mu mishipa (Dididishi dia minite 3)¶

Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshitamba kukuata bitupa binayi bia mubidi: tshitupa tshia ku dia bakaji tshia kumpala (mushipa wa tshiadi), panyima pa tshianza tshia bakaji ne tshia kumpala (mishipa ya radial/ulnar ne tendons extensors), dikaya dia ku dia bakaji ne mu nshingu (subclavian, carotid, ne jugular internal), **mishipa anyi **mpala.

1. Leja mputa ne wenze diakamue, tshikole tshia buludiludi: Angata tshilamba tshikole tshidi tshikezuke tshidiku (tshilamba tshia kujingila natshi tshia mu tshibombi tshiebe tshia mitshi, tshilamba tshia kujingila, anyi tshilamba tshikezuke) ne ufina panshi ne bujitu buebe buonso buludiludi pa muaba udi mashi apatuka.
2. Ela tshiamu tshia windlass tshia mushinga mukole bua mashi adi apatuka ku diboko anyi ku makasa:
3. Kujimiji dîba ne mikaba, mionji ya bisabata anyi nshinga (idi ikosa dikoba kayiyi ipatula bukole bua bungi bua kukanga mushipa wa tshiadi munda mua tshiadi).
4. Teka tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia windlass (bu mudi CAT anyi SOFTT-W) 5 to 7 centimètres (2 to 3 inches) pa mutu pa mputa wa chainsaw (pabuipi ne tshitupa tshia mubidi, nansha kakese pa mutu pa dikasa anyi pa tshiadi). Shi mputa i muulu bininge pa tshiadi ne kuyi mua kumanya bule bua tshilonda tshidi muinshi mua tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshiuwule tente ne mashi, teka tshiamu tshia tourniquet "tshibandile ne tshikole" ku mutu menemene kua tshitupa tshia tshiadi.
5. Koka tshingoma bikole menemene kumpala, pashishe unyungulule tshingoma tshia windlass too ne padi mashi a tshitoke tshijika, ukanga tshingoma mu tshikokedi, ne ufunde dîba dia kutshiela pa tshingoma anyi pa mpala wa mubedi; mona dipatuka dia mashi dikole ne dienza dia tourniquet.
6. Dilongolola dia mputa mu nshingu, mu tshiadi, mu tshiadi, anyi mu tshiadi:
7. Kuena mua kuela tshilamba mu nshingu, mu dikaya anyi mu tshiadi to.
8. Kangula tshibombi tshia gaze udi upangisha mashi bua kupatuka mu mashi (anyi tshibombi tshia gauze tshidi katshiyi ne disama), ela gaze au ne minu yebe idi ne bianza panshi muinshi mua tshina tshia mputa tshidi tshipatuka too ne padi tshina etshi tshilamakaja bikole pa mutu pa dikoba, ne ikala ne **tshienzedi tshia bianza bibidi tshidi katshiyi tshijika munkatshi mua minite 35 ne bionso njila too ne padi baminganga bangata mudimu).
9. Shi udi ufunda mputa wa mu nshingu, ela bukole bua kupueka mu tshina tshia mputa anyi mu diagonale mutangile ku tshiadi tshikuabu bua wewe kubenga kutshibula trachea (tshiamu tshia luya) tshidi munkatshi mua nshingu.

Tshitupa 2: Kulama mifuba minyanguke, mionji ya Kevlar chap, ne mifuba mitshibuka¶

• Do NOT pull tufted Kevlar or ballistic nylon fibers out of a chainsaw thigh wound: When a spinning chainsaw strikes protective chainsaw chaps, the outer cover rips open and thousands of long, tough ballistic fibers explode out of the pad to jam the chainsaw drive sprocket and stall the engine. If the chain partially penetrated the skin before stalling, hundreds of dirty ballistic fibers, wood chips, and bar-and-chain oil droplets will be tangled inside the ragged flesh. Leave all deep fibers in place for operating-room surgical debridement; simply cover the whole wound with a sterile moist or dry dressing and apply pressure.
• Reposition large ragged skin flaps gently only if needed to stop bleeding, then splint: Because chainsaw cutters rip out a wide channel of tissue, deep wounds often include compound bone fractures of the radius, ulna, patella, or femur; immobilize the limb with a rigid splint after bleeding is controlled; see broken bones and sprains.
• Prevent hypothermia in bleeding patients: Significant blood loss rapidly destroys the body's ability to clot blood when core temperature drops (the lethal triad of trauma). Even on a mild day, lift the patient onto an insulated foam pad or dry bark/jackets off the cold ground and wrap them completely in an aluminized thermal blanket or wool coats.

Mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the 5-Step Felling Plan¶

Never start a chainsaw, even for a 2-minute backyard branch trim, without wearing all five pieces of certified forestry protective gear and establishing your escape path:

Muntu yense udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi udi ukosa mitshi ya mvula udi ne tshia kuikala ne tshiamu tshia dikuba natshi mashi (tshidi ne biamu bibidi bia mudimu bia windlass, gauze wa hemostatic, ne tshilamba tshia pression) tshilamakaja buludiludi ku mukaba wende anyi ku tshilamba tshidi tshimueneka bimpe, katshiyi tshishiya mutantshi wa metre 200 mu mashinyi, ne wangate **Sled ne **Sled wa kumpala wa Aid Cross, St John Ambulance, anyi programe wa dilongesha dia malu a mitshi muanyishibue.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipingana lubilu, ne ntshitupa kayi tshia tshiamu tshidi tshienza bualu ebu?¶

Dipingana dia tshijengu didi dienzeka padi nshinga udi wenda pa tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia mushiku wa tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi (tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia nsongo tshidi tshinyunguluke) ulenga ditamba, mutshi muibidi anyi luseke lua tshitupa tshidibu bakose. Bu mudi meno a nkanu adi ku mutu adi enda apueka ne apingana panyima ne lubilu lua metre 20 ku sekonde (45 mph), dino didi dibuela mu tshintu tshidi tshipangisha ne difila bukole buonso bua dinyunguluka dia motere mu dikuma dia tshingoma ne tshikisu tshikole muulu ne panyima mutangile ku mutu ne ku tshiadi tshiebe mu sekonde 0,10 too ne ku 0,15. Bualu bua sekonde ya bantu itu ilomba 0.20 sekonde bua kuenza bualu kampanda, udi ne tshia kueyemena bua kulama tshianza tshiebe tshia balume tshibuikila muinshi mua tshiamu tshia kumpala ne kuikala ne frein wa inertie udi wenza mudimu bua kuimanyika tshiamu.

Mmunyi mudi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku mua kuimanyika tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka?¶

Chainsaw chaps kayena yenza mudimu bu bia mvita bikole bidi binyanga difuma to; kadi, badi benza mudimu pa kukanga tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Muinshi mua tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia nylon tshia biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku mudi bipese bia bungi bia Kevlar ne ballistic polyester. Diakamue padi dinu dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi didi dienda dikosolola tshilamba tshia pambelu, didi dikuata binunu ne binunu bia mionji mikole eyi ne diyikoka panyima mu tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne mu nzubu wa embrayage wa motere, dikanga ne dikanga tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshikole mu tshitupa tshia dikumi tshia sekonde kumpala kua meno au kufikawu ku dikasa diebe.

"Spring pole" mu disukula dia mvula ntshinyi, ne bua tshinyi bidi ne njiwu ya bungi bua kutshikosa?¶

Mutshi wa spring udi mutshi udi ne muoyo anyi ditamba dinene didibu basuike ne bakose mu tshijengu tshikole muinshi mua bujitu bua mutshi munene udi mukuluke. Mutshi mukosa udi ulama bukole bua bungi bu mudi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshikosa. Wewe muteke tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi pa mutu pa tshijengu tshikole tshia tshijengu ne mutshibule bululame, mionji ya mutshi idi mikole idi itshibuka bikole ku lubilu lua 60 too ne ku 100 km/h (37 too ne ku 62 mph), ikututa ku mpala, ku nshingu, anyi ku tshiadi anyi kukuma tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi tshidi tshienda tshipingana mu mubidi webe. Misangu yonso, lekela tension ku kakese ku kakese pa kukosa bipese bia muinshi mua buloba bidi ne nseke mikole pa tshitupa tshia muinshi tshia dikoseka dinene paudi wimana pambelu pa njila wa dikoseka dia muulu.

Muntu yeye mukuatshike muinshi mua mutshi munene udi mukuluke, bua tshinyi katuena ne bua kumumbusha mutshi au diakamue bikalaye mubuele mu buloko munkatshi mua dîba dijima?¶

Padi mutshi munene utshibula misunyi minene ya ku maulu anyi ya mu tshiadi munkatshi mua minite mipite pa 15, tusumbu tua mifuba tudi tutshibuka tudi tunyanguka padi mashi kaayi apita, ne adi avula bungi bua potassium, myoglobine ne acide lactique munda mua bitupa bia mubidi bidi bikuate. Shi bantu badi basungila bantu bambula tshibombi tshia mubidi mule mu tshimpitshimpi kunyima kua minite 30 to ne ku 60 kabayi badilongolole kudi baminganga, mashi adi apingana lubilu mu maulu adi matshibuke ne adi apuekesha potassium mu mutshima, bidi mua kufikisha ku dijika dia mutshima mu minite mikese (disama dia dinyanguka dia mashi), pamue ne dikuluka dia tshimpitshimpi dia tension. Pa kumbusha padi tshifu tshia muntu katshiyi mua kupuyakana, ikala ulama mutshi bua kauyi unyunguluka ne lekela baminganga batuadije kuela mâyi ne manga mu mijilu kumpala kua kubandisha bujitu.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi ku mudimu (OSHA, mu États-Unis): Mukenji wa dilama dia mitshi (29 CFR 1910.266) ne mukanda wa malu a mudimu muimpe ne tshiamu tshia mitaku
• Tshilongelu tshia ditunga tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (NIOSH / CDC, États-Unis): Dikuba dia mputa ya tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku padibu bumbusha mitshi kunyima kua tshipupu tshia pa buloba
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, Royaume-Uni): Mashinyi a mudimu (INDG317) ne AFAG Mikanda ya malu a bukubi pa bidi bitangila dikosa dia mitshi, dikuma dia lupepele ne dikuba dia mitshi
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mitshi tshia mu États-Unis (USFS): Mukanda wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne a bukubi: Kapia ka muitu ne mudimu wa dipanda mitshi (Kickback, Spring Poles, ne Barber Chairs)
• Tshilongelu tshia baminganga tshia mu Amerike (ACS): Imanyika mashi: Dilama dia mashi, dienza dia Tourniquet, ne Dilongolola dia mputa

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dipatuka dia mashi dikole ne dienza dia tourniquet
• Disama dia mutshima ne disama dia tshitupa tshia mubidi
• Mputa ya tshiamu tshia nzembu ne dikuma dia tshiamu tshia nzembu
• Storm and hurricane cleanup and recovery
• Mifuba mityumuke, mifuba mityumuke, ne mifuba mityumuke