Kapia ka mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi mu matunga makuabu: kubala biibi bia ku tshibandilu mu muishi mufike ne mu nzubu wa tshilamba tshia kuowa mâyi¶

Kubuela mu otele mule, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi wa kale, anyi mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi wa ku matunga a ku mutu kua mâyi kutu misangu ya bungi kufikisha benyi ku dimona ne: badi mu bukubi. Nansha mudi nzubu ya tshilala benyi ya lelu mu États-Unis, mu Canada, mu Royaume-Uni, mu Australie ne ku Mputu wa ku Ouest mikale ne mikenji ya National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 101: Life Safety Code ne NFPA 13) anyi mikenji ya nzubu ya ditunga idi ilomba biamu bia kapia bidi bienza mudimu nkayabi, bibandilu bidi kabiyi mua kupatuka muishi bidi ne bukole bua bungi, ne biibi bia nzubu ya benyi bidi bidikanga nkayabi mu minite 60 too ne ku 90, binunu ne binunu bia nzubu ya tshilala benyi ya kale ne mene ya mushinga mukole mu matunga a ku Mputu wa ku Est, ku Sud-Est ne ku Mputu wa ku Sud ne ku Sud-Est Azia, Asie wa ku Sud, ne Afrike kabena ne biamu bia mudimu bia kapia bia mu nzubu wa benyi, badi ne bibandilu bidi kabiyi bikanga bidi bienza mudimu bu tshiibi tshia kapia tshidi tshiimana, anyi biibi bia kupatuka nabi kapia butuku. Kabidi, mashinyi manene a muulu adibu benza nawu mudimu kudi ba-pompier ba mu tshimenga pa buloba bujima adi ne bukole bua kufika ku metre 24 too ne ku 30 (80 to 100 feet) - udi upetangana ne anu tshisasa tshia 7 anyi tshia 8 (U.S. Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990 / FEMA). Pa mutu pa tshisasa tshia 8, kakuena tshibandilu tshia mashinyi a kapia tshidi mua kufika ku balcon webe anyi ku dididishi diebe dia mu njila to. Shi kapia ka kapia mu otele wenu wa ku babende mpindieu, manyisha bena mudimu ba kapia ka muaba unudi ku diambuluisha dia nomba ya tshimpitshimpi, tangila njiwu ya nzubu ku diambuluisha dia nzubu wa otele udi kayi ne bukubi anyi udi kayi mua kusomba, ne kulongolola majinga a luondapu anyi a mikanda ya panyima pa dipatuka mu nzubu ku diambuluisha dia malu a luondapu ne dipatuka mu matunga makuabu ne passport anyi mikanda ya luendu mijimija.

Mu kapia ka nzubu, muishi mufike udi ne buôwa - udi ne monoxide de carbone wa bungi (CO), Hydrogène Cyanide (HCN bipatuka ku kapia ka matela a mu otele, matapi, ne nshinga ya PVC ya polyurethane), ne kapepe kakole kadi kapita 300 to 600 degrees Celsius (572 to 1,112 degrees Fahrenheit) ku bule bua plafond - udi ushipa bantu misangu 3 to ne ku 4 kupita kapia, upangisha muntu muimane mu muinshi mua sekonde 90 ne ukepesha dimueneka dia mu tshisasa too ne ku zero (0.0 meters). Mukanda ewu udi uleja 60-Second Check-In Reconnaissance Drill (kubala biibi bidi pankatshi pa bulalu buebe ne bibandilu bibidi bidi kabiyi biumvuangane), udi uteta tshiibi tshia nzubu webe bua kumanya ni udi ne luya lua bungi ku diambuluisha dia tshianza tshiebe tshia panyima, wenda unyunguluka muinshi mua Neutral Pressure Plane (Thermal Layer) mu muishi mufike, wenza Wet-Towel Compartmentation ("Defend-in-Place"), ne bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kubuela mu ascenseur anyi kunyema mulu mutangile ku tshiibi tshia kuulu padi bibandilu bia kupueka bikanga kudi muishi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. WEWE MUMVUA MUDILU WA MUDILO, MUNUNKA MUISHI, NANSHA MUMVUA MUDILU MU MUSHINDU WA MU HOTEL WEBE: Upatuke pa bulalu panshi diakamue - Kuimana to. Muishi wa buanga udi ne kapia kakole ne hydrogène cyanide (HCN) kubanda too ne ku plafond ne kupueka panshi, eku kapepe ka mashika kadi mua kupuyakana (15 to 30 degrees Celsius / 59 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit) udi ushala mu 30 cm to 60 cm (1 to 2 foot) muaba wa kupanduka ku luseke lua panshi. Angata karte kebe ka nzubu, mukanda wa dibuela, telefone, ne bisabata ku luseke lua bulalu buebe, ne ikala ku bianza ne ku binu.
2. KUENA MUSHINGA WA MU NZUBU WEBE WA MU HOTEL MU MUSOKO: Teta tshiibi tshia tshiibi ne tshianza tshia tshiamu ne tshianza tshiebe tshia panyima. Kukangula tshiibi tshia nzubu wa benyi mu tshisasa tshidi ne kapia kakole muinshi mua kapia kakole kudi kuenza bua flashover anyi muishi munyanguke mu nzubu webe:
3. Tenga tshiibi tshia kuulu, tshitupa tshia kazubu, ne tshiamu tshia ku tshiibi anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi tshianza tshiebe ku diambuluisha dia kunyima kua tshianza tshiebe (kuenza mudimu ne tshianza tshiebe nansha kakese: kuosha tshianza tshiebe kudi kufikisha ku dikuata dia flexor-reflex anyi kupatula bipumbishi ku minu iudi nayi dijinga bua kuendakana ne kukangula biibi bia tshibandilu).
4. Bikala tshiibi anyi tshianza tshikole, anyi pikala muishi mufike wenda upitshila mu bipese bia tshiibi: KUKANGULA TSHIIBI. Utshishiye tshikanga ne utute ku Tshitupa 5 (Wet-Towel Compartimentation / Defend-in-Place).
5. Bikala tshiibi ne tshianza tshimpe: Ela dikaya diebe ne dikasa diebe munda mua tshiibi, utshiunzulule kakuyi kupita pa 2.5 cm (1 inch), ne kutangila tshibuelelu paudi ushala muinshi.
6. BIkala MU MUSHINDU WA KUPITA: Angata karte ka nzubu webe, koka tshiibi tshikanga panyima pebe, ikala muinshi mua tshitupa tshia muishi, ne ubala biibi bidi ku tshimanu too ne ku tshibandilu tshia kapia tshidi pabuipi.
7. Ikala wangata kazubu kebe ka nzubu: Shi tshiibi anyi tshibandilu tshilue tshikole bua kupitshila ne luya ne muishi udi wenda ubanda, nzubu weba wa otele ke muaba webe umuepele wa kusokomena kapia; kuyi ne karte kebe ka tshiibi, tshiibi tshia otele tshidi tshidikanga nkayatshi netshikukanga pambelu mu tshisasa.
8. Kukoka ku bianza ne binu (head 30 to 45 cm / 12 to 18 inches off the carpet), ulama tshianza tshimue tshitungunuka ne kusesuka pa tshimanu batangile ku tshibuelelu tshiebe tshiudi mubale ("Left out of my door, 5 guestroom doors down = Stairwell A").
9. KUENA KUENZA MU MUSHINDU NE KUENA MU MUSHINDU MU MUSHINDU MUYULE NE MUIKA:
10. Bua tshinyi ascenseur idi ne lufu: Mishinga ya ascenseur idi yenza mudimu bu tshiibi tshia kapia (stack effect), dipanga dia nzembu didi dikuata mashinyi pankatshi pa panshi adi atema kapia, ne mêsu a tshiibi tshia infra-rouge adi afofomijibua kudi muishi mukole, bienza bua biibi bia ascenseur biunzuluke pa panshi menemene ne bibenga kukanga.
11. Ntshinyi tshiudi mua kuenza wewe mupeta muishi udi ubanda mu tshibandilu? Kubandi lubilu kuulu kua nzubu to. Mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi mipite pa 85 pa lukama, tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia kuulu tshia tshibandilu tshidi tshikanga ku tshiibi tshia pambelu, ne ku mutu kua tshibandilu ke mudi monoxide de carbone ne muishi mukole (chimney cap). Diakamue, pingana pa tshisasa tshia pankatshi tshidi pa mutu pa kapia (anyi upingane mu nzubu webe), usabuka ku tshibandilu tshibidi (Stairwell B), anyi tshisokomenu munda mua nzubu pa tshisasa tshidi katshiyi ne muishi.
12. BIkala MUSHINDU ANYI BIDIMU BIKANGIKIBUE KUDI MUIKA MUFIKE NANSHA KU LUYA: Enza diakamue "Defend-in-Place" Wet-Towel Compartimentation munda mua nzubu webe. Tshiibi tshia nzubu wa benyi wa mu otele ne bimanu bia mabue bidi bifila 300 minite ya ditantamena dia kapia (minite 900)NFPA 101) shi udi ukandika dibuela dia muishi:
13. Uwuje tshina tshia kuowela mâyi mashika diakamue (kumpala kua mâyi kupueka) ne ela bilamba biebe bia kuowa nabi mâyi, bilamba bia ku bianza, bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi ne bilamba bia bulalu.
14. Ela bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi bikole mu nseke yonso inayi ya tshiibi tshia kubuela: Ela bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi mu tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia tshiibi (1 to 2 cm) ne kuela bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi anyi paste wa papie wa kuowela mâyi ku luseke ne ku mutu.
15. Kima tshiamu tshia luya tshia mu nzubu / HVAC ne kanga tshiibi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi: Jima tshiamu tshia luya tshia ku tshimanu; ufuke tshiibi tshia HVAC ne tshiibi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi ne tshilamba tshitoke anyi tshilamba tshia plastique tshia mu tshibombi tshia bukoya bua muishi kaubuedi mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidibu basangisha to.
16. BIKILA BANTU BA MU MUDILU WA MU MUSOKO NE NOMBER WEBE WA MU TSHIBALU NE WA MU NZUBU, NE KULEKA MUTU WA BULALU MUTOKE PA DIDIDISHISHA DIEBE (KUYI UTSHIBULA DILATA): Bikila nimero wa kapia wa muaba uudi musombele (112, 911, 999, 119) ne nzubu wa kumpala wa otele (0) bua kuleja nomba webe wa tshisasa ne wa nzubu. Ela tshilamba tshikenka pambelu pa dididishi (kukanga tshilamba tshia dididishi pa tshilamba bua kutshilama) bua ba-pompier bamone nzubu webe. Kutshinyi anyi kutshinyi dididishi dia nzubu webe wa otele nansha kakese anu padi muishi mukole udi munda mua nzubu webe ukuenzeja bua kupuyakana kapepe ka pambelu, bualu kutshibula dididishi kudi kuenza bua luya lua mu nzubu luebe luikale ne bukole bukese ludi lukoka luya lua mu tshisasa tshiebe muinshi mua tshiibi tshia nzubu webe wa bulalu ne lulekela lubimbi lua pambelu lua mu nzubu wa kuinshi lubuela mu nzubu webe.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Kumbuka ku tshibandilu tshia ku tshibandilu anyi ku nzubu wa tshilala benyi mu tshikondo tshia kapia ka mu nzubu mule wa otele¶

flowchart TD
    A["Mitoyi ya Alarme ya kapia, muishi udi ununka, anyi mbila idi yumvuika mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi minene ya ku babende"] --> B["Upatuke pa bulalu panshi (ikala muinshi mua 60 cm / 2 ft tshitupa tshia kapia); Angata karte ka nzubu, passport, telefone, ne bisabata"]
    B --> C{"Teta tshiibi tshia nzubu ne tshianza tshia tshiamu ne nyima ya tshianza tshiebe"}
    C -->|"Tshiibi anyi tshianza tshidi ne luya, anyi muishi mukole udi upitshila mu bipese bia tshiibi"| D["KUKANGULA MUSHINDU - KULAMINA MU MUABA (MU MUABA): 1. Lekela tshiibi tshikanga; 2. Uwuje tshina tshia kuowa mâyi ne mayi; 3. Ela bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi mu bipese bia kuinshi ne bia ku luseke; 4. Jima AC/HVAC ne kanga tshiibi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi."]
    C -->|"Tshiibi ne tshianza bidi bimpa"| E["Lama dikasa ku tshiibi ne ukangula 2.5 cm (1 Inch) paudi wimana panshi"]
    E -->|"Tshisasa tshidi tshiuwule tente ne muishi mufike anyi kapia kakole"| D
    E -->|"Njila udi mutoke anyi udi anu ne lupuishi lukese lua ku plafond mule"| F["PUTUKA DIAMUE: Angata kazubu ka nzubu, koka tshiibi, enda ne tshianza tshimue ku tshimanu ubala biibi bia ku tshibandilu tshidi pabuipi"]
    F --> G{"Kangula tshiibi tshia tshibandilu tshia kapia bitekete bitekete: Tshibandilu tshidi tshitoke kudi muishi udi ubanda anyi?"}
    G -->|"Eyowa (Tshibandilu tshidi tshitoke)"| H["Kuata tshiibi tshia munda (kule ne mashinyi a ba-pompier) ne upueka too ne ku tshibandilu tshia njila (tangila biibi bia mezzanine / bia dishima bia kuinshi)"]
    G -->|"Tòo (muishi mukole udi ubanda pa tshibandilu)"| I["KUBUELA MU MUSHINDU WA MUIKA NE KUENA LUBILU KU MUTU: 1. Lekela tshiibi tshia tshibandilu tshikanga; 2. Ela ku tshimanu too ne ku tshibandilu tshibidi (Dipatuka B) NANSHA ubuele kabidi mu nzubu webe ne karte kebe ka nshinga."]
    I -->|"Tshibandilu tshibidi (tshipatuka B) tshidi tshitoke"| H
    I -->|"Bibandilu bionso bibidi mbikanga kudi muishi"| D
    D --> J["KULEJA NE KUPANDUKA MU MINUTE 60-90+: 1. Bikila bena mudimu ba kapia (112/911/999/119) ne nomba wa nzubu ne wa nzubu mulelela; 2. Ela tshilamba tshia bulalu pambelu pa dididishi ne ukanga tshilamba bua kutshikuma; 3. KUTSHIDI dididishi dia madidishi to; 4. Puya mu tshilamba tshitoke tshidi panshi."]

Dilongesha dia 60-Second Check-In Reconnaissance Drill: Tshiudi ne bua kuenza kumpala kua kupatula bintu¶

Ba enjenyere ba malu a bukubi bua kapia ba mu Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia bukubi bua kapia (NFPA), U.S. Dilombola dia kapia (FEMA / USFA), ne UK National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) witaba ne kupanduka mu kapia ka otele wa ku babende kudi kuangatshibua mu masekonde 60 a kumpala kunyima kua wewe mumane kunzulula nzubu webe paudi ubuela mu nzubu. Enza tshikebelu etshi tshia malu atanu dîba dionso diudi ubuela mu otele, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi:

Kumvua malu a mubidi wa kapia ka mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi: "Tshilumbu tshia dibueja dia bintu," Gaz wa HCN, ne bua tshinyi udi ne bua kuendakana¶

Bua tshinyi bendakanyi bapiluke badi mua kumona bintu bia muitu bidi bikenka "EXIT" tshimanyinu tshia metre 15 mu tshisasa tshia hotele tshidi tshikuluka ne tshifua kumpala kua kufika ku tshiibi anyi?

1. Tshitupa tshia kapia ne 30 to 60 cm (1 to 2 Foot) Muaba wa kupanduka wa panshi¶

Padi kapia katema mu nzubu wa otele, mu tshikuku, anyi mu tshilaminu tshia nzembu ne tshibuela mu tshisasa: - Muishi wa kapia kakole (300°C to 600°C / 572°F to 1,112°F) udi ubanda too ne ku plafond ne udi utangalaka mu tshisasa tshia 1.5 to 3 meters per second (5 to 10 feet per second - lubilu kupita kuenda lubilu). - Padi tshiibi tshiuwula, muishi udi upuekela panshi. Ino, bu mudi kapepe ka mashika kadi kakole kupita kapepe ka kapia, tshitupa tshikese tshia kapepe ka mashika, ka luya lutekete - tshimanyike mu malu a kapia bu Neutral Pressure Plane / Lower Layer - tshidi tshishala mu kuinshi 30 cm to 60 cm (12 to 24 inches) anu pa mutu pa tshisasa. - Wewe muimane anyi unyema mu tshisasa tshiuwule tente ne muishi: Mukana muebe ne muulu webe (150 to 180 cm / 5 to 6 feet panshi) badi babuela buludiludi munda mua tshitupa tshia kuulu tshidi ne kapia kakole. Mupuya umua mukola wa 200°C+ (400°F+) kapepe kadi kafikisha ku disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia mu tshiadi (divulangana dia muonji webe wa lupepele), eku kupuya misangu ibidi anyi isatu ya monoxide de carbone (CO > 1.0%) ne hydrogène cyanide (HCN > 300 ppm) ku kapia ka bintu bia mu nzubu bia tshiamu tshidi tshifikisha muntu ku dijimija lungenyi diakamue (syncope) munda mua 15 to ne 45 sekonde. - Wewe wenda unyunguluka ku bianza ne ku binu (or belly-crawl with your face 15 to 30 cm / 6 to 12 inches off the carpet): Udi upuya kapepe kadi mua kufika ku 200°C cooler ne udi ne tshitupa tshia bungi bua gaz toxique.

2. Bua tshinyi tshilamba tshitoke pa mushiku webe katshiena tshipatula monoxide de carbone to (CO) anyi Cyanide (HCN)¶

Kukuata tshilamba tshia kuowa natshi mâyi anyi tshilamba tshia kuowa natshi mâyi pa mushiku ne mukana muebe paudi wenda unyunguluka kudi kuanyishibua bikole kudi bena mudimu ba kapia bualu bidi bilengeja kapepe kadibu bapuekesha, bikuata bintu binene bia nsukadi (carbon aerosols), ne udi unyanga luya lua acide ludi mua kunyanguka mu mayi (bu mudi Hydrogène Chlorure HCl ku kapia ka PVC). - Nansha nanku, mayi kaena apuekesha monoxide de carbone to (CO) anyi hydrogène cyanure (HCN) gaz. Kuela meji nansha kakese ne: tshilamba tshitoke pa mpala tshiebe tshidi mua kukuanyishila bua kuenda mululame mu muishi mukole mufiike to; Tshilamba tshitoke tshidi tshiambuluisha bua kuenda muinshi mua muishi, katshiena mua kupingana pa muaba wa kushala panshi anyi kudikuba kunyima kua tshiibi tshia kapia tshikanga to.

3. "Stack Effect" wa High-Rise (Chimney Effect) mu bibandilu ne mu tshibandilu tshia ascenseur¶

Mu nzubu yonso wa bisasa bia bungi (7+ stories]. - Muishi udi ubanda lukasa mu bimanu bidi bimane ne udi upatuka pa nzubu wa kuulu 3 too ne ku 5 wa nzubu, nansha mudi kapia nkayaku mu tshisasa tshibidi anyi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba. - Ke bualu kayi kubanda pa tshibandilu tshitangile kuulu kudi misangu yonso tshilema tshinene: paudi ubanda muulu, muishi udi munda mua tshibandilu udi wenda ukola ne ukola, ne paudi ufika ku tshibandilu tshia kuulu, pabuipi ne biibi bionso bia kuulu kua nzubu wa tshilala benyi bidi bikanga pambelu ne bikunyibua bia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Udi ulua mukuatshike muaba menemene udi muishi wa bungi menemene kuyi ne bukole bua kupueka to.

Mushindu wa kupatuka mu nzubu ku kakese ku kakese: Kuenda mu tshisasa ne mu tshibandilu mu mushindu udi kauyi umueneka¶

Shi tshiibi tshia nzubu webe ne tshianza tshiebe bidi ne mashika kunyima kua tshianza tshiebe ne mu tshisasa mudi anu lupuishi lukese lua ku plafond anyi lupepele lutoke pabuipi ne panshi, umbuka diakamue ku diambuluisha dia bulongame ebu:

Tshitupa 1: Vwala bua kupanduka mu masekonde 5¶

• Vwala nsapatu mikanga (kupatukayi nansha kakese; mu njila ya mu otele ne mu bibandilu bia kapia bidi biuwule tente ne biamu bia nzembu bitshibuka, makala matshibuka, ne bintu bidi bikuata makasa adi kaayi ne tshintu ne kukupangisha bua kuenda).
• Angata karte kebe ka nzubu, telefone webe, tshilamba tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu tshina tshia kuowela mâyi, ne passeport webe. Lekela ma valise onso ne mifuku ya roller panyima; kukoka tshibombi tshia roller mu tshibandilu tshikese tshia kapia kudi kukanga tshiibi (kuwuja tshibandilu ne muishi) ne kufikisha ku dibuela dia bintu bia lufu pa tshibandilu.

Tshitupa 2: "Dikuma dia ku tshimanu + Dibala dia tshiibi"¶

1. Koka tshiibi tshia nzubu webe wa benyi tshikanga bikole panyima pebe (verify the latch clicks). Kulekela tshiibi tshia nzubu webe tshiunzulula kudi kufila oxygène ku kapia ne kuenza bua tshiibi tshikale tshikole lukasa.
2. Ikala panshi pa bobo ne binu paudi ubuela mu tshisasa, teka tshianza tshiebe tshia munda pa tshimanu tshia tshisasa**, ne utshikose pa tshimanu paudi wenda uya ku tshibandilu tshiebe tshia pabuipi (Exit A).
3. Bala bimanu bia ku tshiibi ku dilenga: Paudi wela tshianza tshiebe ku tshimanu, umvue bimanu bionso bia tshiibi bidi mu tshiibi (Door 1... Door 2... Door 3...). Shi tshiibi tshieba tshienza 90-degree anyi tshibuela mu tshibandilu tshia munkatshi, kupatuka nansha kakese munkatshi mua tshisasa tshiunzulula - ikala mulamakaja ku tshimanu tshia ku mpenga bua wewe kujimija muaba.

Tshitupa 3: Dibuela ne dipueka dia tshibandilu¶

1. Paudi ufika ku tshiibi tshia tshibandilu tshia kapia (Exit A), lenga tshiibi tshia tshibandilu ne tshikuate ne tshianza tshiebe kumpala kua kutshibulula.
2. Kangula tshiibi tshia tshibandilu 5 cm (2 inches):
3. Bikala tshibandilu tshitoke: Buela munda ne lekela tshiibi tshia kapia tshidi tshidikanga nkayatshi tshikanga tshishiki panyima pebe. Kuena ne bua kukangula tshiibi tshia kapia tshia ku tshibandilu ne tshintu tshia kuela, tshilamba anyi tshintu tshia kuela to.
4. Bikala tshibandilu tshiuwule tente ne muishi udi wenda ubanda: Koka tshiibi tshia tshibandilu diakamue, kukudimuka eku ulama tshianza tshiebe ku tshimanu, ne uya ku Tshibandilu B (anyi wenze mudimu ne karte kebe ka nzubu bua kubuela kabidi mu nzubu webe wa benyi ne kuenza Defend-in-Place).
5. Kupueka ku bibandilu:
6. Kuata tshiamu tshia ku tshianza katupa katupa ne ikala mu njila wa munda bua ba-pompier badi babanda ne milonda bapita.
7. Ikala mudimuke bua "Mezzanine / Basement Overshoot Trap": Mu hotele ya bungi ya ku matunga a ku mutu kua mâyi, tshibandilu tshinene tshidi tshitungunuka tshipita ku nzubu wa kuinshi (Level 0 / G / 1) buludiludi mu tshikuku tshia muinshi mua buloba, nzubu wa tshikuku, anyi nzubu wa mashinyi muaba uvua kapia katuadije. Bala nomba ya nzubu mifunda munda mua biibi bia tshibandilu ne upatuke ku tshiibi tshidibu bafunde ne: "KUPATUKA KUNDEKELU / MUSHINDU WA MU MUSHINDU / KUPATUKA (Sortie de Secours / Salida de Emergencia / Notausgang / 非常口)".

Tshitupa ku tshitupa "Kukuba-mu-muaba" Protocol wa dikosolola (Paudi kuyi mua kupatuka mu nzubu webe)¶

Mu malu mabi a kale a nzubu mitumbuke (bu mudi 1980 MGM Grand Hotel Fire, muvua bantu 85 bafue nangananga bua dipuekesha dia muishi mu nzubu ya kuulu ya nzubu ya bungi pa mutu pa kapia ka mu nzubu wa kuinshi), pabuipi ne muenyi yonso uvua mushale mu nzubu wende wa otele uvua mukanga, wakakanga tshiibi ne tshilamba tshia kuowa natshi bua kukanga HVA ne kupanduka kabayi benze bibi, pavua benyi bavua banzulula biibi biabu mu njila miule tente ne muishi anyi babuela mu bibandilu bivua ne muishi bavua bafua.

Shi tshiibi tshiebe tshia mu tshisasa tshidi ne kapia, anyi tshisasa ne bibandilu biuwule tente ne muishi mukole, nzubu webe wa mu otele udi bu buatu bua lupandu budibu benzeja. Enza tshikebelu etshi tshia bitupa muanda mutekete diakamue:

1. Kukanga tshiibi tshia mu tshiibi: Ela tshiibi tshia tshiibi ne tshikunji tshia bukubi bua kapepe anyi muntu udi kayi mumanye muaba udi mu tshiibi katshinzuludi tshiibi tshiebe to.
2. Kengula tshiamu tshia kuowela mâyi ne ukanga tshina tshia mâyi: Uwuje tshiamu tshia kuowa mâyi too ne ku muelelu ne mâyi mashika diakamue. Bukole bua mayi a mu tshimenga mu nzubu ya kuulu budi bunyanguka misangu ya bungi mu minite 10 anyi 15 padi mashinyi a kapia afika ku hydrant ya mu njila. Tshina tshieba tshiuwule tente ntshiebe 150-liter (40-gallon) tshina tshia mayi.
3. Kanka tshiibi tshia mu tshiibi ne tulamba tua mâyi:
4. Ela bilamba bibidi bia kuowa nabi mâyi mu tshina tshia mâyi, ubikuate mu mionji mikole (ubilekele bitoka), ne bikuate bikole ne minu yebe anyi ne lusengu lua sapatu mu tshitupa tshidi kuinshi kua tshiibi tshia mu tshisasa.
5. Ela bilamba bia ku bianza, bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi, ne bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi bua kubibueja mu bitupa bia ku luseke ne mu bitupa bia kuulu bia tshiibi.
6. The "Wet Toilet-Paper Putty" Trick: Shi muishi udi upitshila mu bipese bikese bia tshiibi anyi pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia tshiibi, ela mivungu ya toilet paper anyi bilamba bia ku mpala mu mayi, ubikuate mu dibeji dikole, ne ela paste au buludiludi mu tshiibi tshia tshiibi bua kuenza tshilamba tshia luya.
7. Kima tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mu nzubu ne kanga miaba yonso ya luya: Kanga tshiamu tshia HVAC tshia mu nzubu tshijima ku tshimanu, ne ufuke tshiamu tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi ne tshibuelelu tshia luya lua mu nzubu wa bulalu ne tshibombi tshia plastique anyi tshilamba tshia ku bianza tshiume.
8. Lama madidishi a pambelu makanga ne ela tshimanyishilu tshia tshilamba tshia bulalu:
9. Koka rido yonso ya nylon anyi ya polyester ne bilamba bia ku madidishi kule ne dididishi bua kapia kadi kafuma pambelu kadiyi mua kubitemesha to.
10. Ela tshilamba tshia bulalu tshitoka anyi tshilamba tshitoke pa dididishi ne ukanga tshilamba tshia dididishi tshikole panshi pa tshilamba bua kutshilama pambelu (universal signal that live occupants are sheltering inside).
11. Utekesha tshiibi ne bimanu pikalabi bikola: Enza mudimu ne tshibombi tshieba tshia mashika anyi tshibombi tshieba tshia bukoya bua kuangata mayi mu tshina tshia kuowa mâyi ne kuamiamina munda mua tshiibi tshiebe tshia mu tshiibi ne pa bilamba bia ku tshiibi bua kulama mashika.
12. Ikala panshi ne tshilamba tshitoke pa mushiku webe ne mukana muebe: Temesha muendu webe wa telefone ku dididishi misangu ne misangu bua bena mudimu ba mu njila bakumone.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Shi kapia ka kapia mu otele yobe nansha mu nzubu weba wa kusombela ku babende, funda nimero ya tshiluilu tshia tshiluilu tshia kapia tshia muaba unudi diakamue ku muaba muimpe anyi kunyima kua tshiibi tshia nzubu wenu tshikanga:

• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu, Tshitupa tshia Schengen, UK, Suisse, Turquie, ne Ukraine: Dial 112 (nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya UE ya pa buloba bujima, kayiyi ne telefone yonso wa ku bianza). Mu UK ne Irlande, funda 999 anyi 112; mu France, 18 anyi 112; mu Italie, 115 anyi 112.
• Etats-Unis, Canada, Mexique, ne tshitupa tshinene tshia Caraïbes: Dial 911.
• Tshitupa tshia Asia-Pacifique:
• Japon, Corée du Sud, & Chine (Fire & Ambulance): Ela 119.
• Thailand (Fire): 199 (anyi bampulushi ba benyi 1155); Vietnam (Fire): 114; Indonésie (Fire): 113 anyi 112.
• Singapore: 995; Hong Kong & Malaysia: 999; India: 112 anyi 101.
• Australia: 000 (anyi 112); New Zealand: 111.
• Moyen Orient & Latin America:
• United Arab Emirates (Civil Defense): 997 anyi 999; Arabie Saoudite: 998 anyi 911.
• Brésil (Corpo de Bombeiros): 193; Argentine (Bomberos): 100 anyi 911.
• Bua kupeta mukanda mujima wa nomba ya kapia, ya ambulanse, ne ya bampulushi mu matunga mapite pa 190, bala nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi ndi ne tshia kubala bungi bulelela bua biibi bidi pankatshi pa nzubu wanyi wa otele ne tshibandilu diakamue pangabuela?¶

Mu mudilu mulelela wa mu otele, nzembu ya nzembu ya mu tshisasa itu misangu ya bungi ijika mu minite mikese, ne muishi mufike mukole udi ufuma ku tapis ne matela a tshiamu tshidi tshiosha udi ubanda too ne ku plafond ne upueka panshi, ukepesha dimona dia bintu too ne ku zero. Bu mudi bimanyinu bia kupatuka bidi bikenka pabuipi ne plafond bibuikila kudi muishi wa kuulu ne udi ne bua kuendakana ku bianza ne ku binu bua kupuyakana kapepe ka mashika muinshi mua santimetre 30 too ne ku 60 (1 anyi 2 feet) pa mutu pa panshi, kuakumona tshiibi tshia tshibandilu to. Pa kuela tshianza tshimua pa tshimanu ne kubala tshiibi tshionso tshia nzubu wa benyi tshidi tshibuikila ku dilenga (tshilejilu, kupatuka ku dia bakaji mu nzubu webe ne kubala biibi 5 bia ku tshibandilu A), udi mua kupeta tshiibi tshia kapia tshibuikila mêsu mu muishi mufike.

Bua tshinyi udi uteta tshiibi tshia otele tshikanga ne tshianza tshiebe pamutu pa tshianza tshiebe kumpala kua kutshiunzulula?¶

Shi kapia kadi katema mu tshisasa tshia otele pambelu pa nzubu weba, tshikunji tshia tshiibi tshia tshiamu ne tshilamba tshia kuulu tshia tshiibi bidi mua kufika ku luya lupita pa 150 too ne ku 300 degre Celsius (300 to ne 570 degre Fahrenheit). Kukuata tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi ne kapia kakole anyi tshikunji tshia tshiibi ne tshianza tshiebe tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu kudi kuenza bua tshienzedi tshia flexor tshikale tshikole ne kuenza bua bipupu bikole ku bianza ne ku nsongo ya minu, kupangisha miaba ya kukuata idi ikengedibua bua kuendakana ku bianza ne ku binu, kukangula biibi ne kukuata bimanu bia ku tshibandilu. Kulenga tshiibi ne tshianza tshitekete ne tshianza tshiebe tshia panyima kudi kuenza bua tshienzedi tshiebe tshia kulekela tshikoke tshianza tshiebe diakamue kuyi upangisha tshianza tshiebe.

Meme mubuele mu tshibandilu tshia kapia ne mupeta muishi ubanda ufumina ku nzubu ya kuinshi, bua tshinyi tshiena ne bua kubanda lubilu ku tshibandilu bua kuya kuulu kua otele?¶

Kunyema muulu mutangile kuulu mu tshibandilu tshiuwule tente ne muishi ke tshintu tshinene tshidi tshikebesha lufu lua bantu mu kapia ka mu otele mitumbuke bua malu abidi. Tshia kumpala, mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi mipite pa 85 pa lukama pa buloba bujima, tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia kuulu tshia tshibandilu tshidi tshikanga anyi tshikanga pambelu bua bukubi. Tshibidi, bualu bua tshibandilu tshia tshibandilu tshidi tshienza mudimu bu tshiibi tshia kapia bua tshienzedi tshia tshibumba tshia kapia, monoxide de carbone ne hydrogène cyanide bidi bikolesha bikole bidi bibandila buludiludi ku mutu kua tshibandilu ne bidisangisha ku tshiibi tshia kuulu tshidi tshikanga. Wewe mupeta muishi udi wenda ubanda pa tshibandilu, patuka mu tshibandilu uya mu tshisasa tshia pankatshi tshidi katshiyi ne muishi, usabuka ku tshibandilu tshibidi tshia nzubu, anyi wenze mudimu ne karte kebe ka nzubu bua kupingana mu nzubu webe wa benyi ne kukanga tshiibi ne bilamba biume.

Bua tshinyi ndi ne tshia kuikala ne karte ka nzubu wanyi wa otele pandi ntuluka, ne bua tshinyi tshiena ne bua kutshibula dididishi dia nzubu wanyi meme mubuele munda?¶

Udi ne tshia kuangata karte ka tshiibi tshia nzubu webe kumpala kua kubuela mu tshisasa bualu biibi bia otele bidi bikanga nkayabi dîba didibi bikanga panyima pebe. Wewe mupuekele mu tshisasa ne mumone ne: bibandilu bionso bibidi kabiena mua kupitshila bua muishi mukole anyi lubimbi lua kapia, nzubu webe wa benyi udibu mua kukuata kapia ke muaba webe wa kumpala wa kupanduka - wewe kuyi ne karte kebe ka nshinga, nebakuele mu tshisasa tshia lufu. Paudi ubuela mu nzubu webe udikuba, kutshinyi dididishi diebe dia pambelu to, anu padi muishi mukole udi munda mua nzubu webe wenza bua muntu ikale kayi mua kupuyakana. Kutyumuna dididishi kudi kuenza luya lukole (tshienzedi tshia Venturi chimney) tshidi tshikoka muishi mukole mu tshisasa tshidi muinshi mua tshiibi tshia nzubu webe wa bulalu ne tshienza bua lubimbi ludi lubuikila pambelu pa nzubu lubuele mu nzubu webe.

Tshibandilu tshia mashinyi a kapia tshidi mua kufika mu njila mu tshikondo tshia kapia ka mu otele ntshinyi?¶

Bibandilu bia muulu bia tshibambalu tshia kapia tshia mu tshimenga ne bibandilu bia hydraulique bia pa buloba bujima bidi ne bule bua metre 24 too ne ku 30 (80 too ne ku 100 feet), budi bupetangana ne tshisasa tshia 7 anyi tshia 8 tshia nzubu wa otele wa pa tshibidilu - ne nansha bule ebu budi buleja ne: mashinyi a kapia adi mua kuimana pabuipi ne nzubu kayi mukanga kudi mitshi, ma piscine, anyi misesu mikese. Pa mutu pa tshisasa tshia 8, dipandisha dia pambelu ne tshibandilu tshia mashinyi a kapia ki mbikole to, bidi biumvuija ne: muoyo webe udi ulomba bua kuikala ne bibandilu bia kapia bikanga anyi kudilama mu nzubu wa benyi mukanga ne mu bitupa too ne padi bena mudimu ba mu nzubu bajima kapia.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Nzubu wa otele udi kayi ne bukubi anyi udi kayi mua kuikalamu
• Malu a tshimpitshimpi a luondapu ne dipatuka mu matunga makuabu
• Passport anyi mikanda ya ngendu mijimija
• Diambuluisha dia ba-ambasade ne ba-consulaire mu matunga makuabu

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA): NFPA 101: Mukenji wa bukubi bua muoyo (Dipatuka mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi ne nzubu wa tshilala benyi wa nzubu mitumbuke, biibi bia nzubu wa tshilala benyi bidi mua kuikala ne kapia mu minite 60, ne mikenji ya dilama dia nzubu) ne mukanda wa mibelu ya bukubi bua kapia ka nzubu mitumbuke.
• TUETU. Dilombola dia kapia (FEMA / USFA): Mukenji wa bukubi bua kapia ka mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi ne ya mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi wa mu 1990 (P.L. 101-391) Mikenji ya kutumikila, mishindu ya kupatuka mu nzubu mitumbuke, ne mikenji ya dikuba dia muaba.
• Tshipangu tshia bamfumu ba kapia tshia mu UK (NFCC) & Home Office: Dikuba dia kapia mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi ne nzubu ya tshilala benyi mienza bua bualu kampanda: "Stay place" / Compartmentation vs. Simultaneous Evacuation Guidance.
• Bulongolodi bua malu a ndeke a pa buloba bujima (ICAO) & Mikenji ya bukubi ya bena mudimu ba mu hotele (IFALPA): Mulongo wa malu a bukubi bua kapia mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi wa ku babende (Kubala biibi bia ku tshiibi tshibidi, disungula dia nzubu wa kuinshi kua tshisasa tshia 8, ne dilongolola dia mesa a butuku).
• Tshisumbu tshia bena mudimu ba malu a bukubi bua kapia (SFPE): SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering: Stack Effect Smoke Movement in High-Rise Shafts, Tenability Limits for Carbon Monoxide (CO) ne hydrogène cyanide (HCN), ne bule bua tshitupa tshia kapia.