Forklift anyi mashinyi a difila dia bintu adi makuluke mu nzubu wa tshilaminu tshia bintu: Dikuluka dia tshitekelu tshia bintu tshia Domino, muaba wa dipatuka, ne dipuekesha dia bintu¶

Padi mashinyi a tshibandilu, tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu, tshiamu tshia kuangata natshi bintu, anyi tshiamu tshia difila natshi bintu tshituta ku tshibumba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshitekelu tshia bintu tshia mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu, njiwu minene kayena yenzeka dîba didiyi ituta to. Biamu bia kulama nabi bintu bia tshiamu tshienza ne mashika mbienza bu bintu bia mushinga mukole, bia tshimanu tshitekete mudi tshiamu tshia 50-millimetre (2-inch) tshidi mu tshilongo tshimue tshia kuinshi tshidi tshikepesha bukole bua tshilongo atshi bua kuambula bujitu bua 40 too ne ku 80 pa lukama, tshifila makumi a binunu bia kilo bia bujitu bua buloba budi pabuipi ne buloba mitshi, bipese bia milongo, ne bimanu bia panshi. Minite mikese anyi mene mêba a bungi kunyima kua tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu tshimane kupingana, tshintu tshidi tshinyanguke tshidi mua kupeta P-Delta buckling failure, tshikoka tshina tshijima ne tshikebesha dikuluka dia domino mu njila yonso udi mu tshitupa tshia diabanya bintu. Shi muena mudimu nansha umo udi mubuela munda mua tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu muinshi mua bitekelu bia palete, anyi bikala tshibandabanda tshimane kukuluka anyi tshikose tshiamu tshia In-Rack Fire Sprinkler (ESFR) tshia mayi anyi tshia gaz naturel, bikila nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) ku diambuluisha dia wetu nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu ne kulonda njiwu ya dikuluka dia tshiamu tshia dibandila natshi bintu ne dibuela dia bintu, diambuluisha dia kumpala dia disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia tshitupa tshia nzubu, ne dipatuka dia mashi dikole diambuluisha dia kumpala.

Imanyika mudimu wonso wa mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu ne disungula dia bintu mu tshiibi tshidi ne lutatu ne mu bipese bibidi bidi ku luseke diakamue. Kuena ne bua kuendesha mashinyi a forklift bua kupingana ku tshibandilu tshipiatshipia bua "kukoka lukasa bipese bia bujitu bia kuulu kumpala kua mfumu kumonaye," ne kulekedi nansha kakese muendeshi udi ne fork anyi mutshi wende muele munda mua tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi tshikoseka bua kupingana panyima too ne padibu bakonkonona njila wa bujitu udi pa mutu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bikala tshiamu tshia forklift, ditempu, anyi bipese bia tshiamu tshia mashinyi bitshidi anu bikuate munda mua tshiamu tshia forklift tshidi tshikoseka anyi tshia mutshi, ELEJA FORKLIFT MU MUABA WABI. Ambila muena mudimu ku rédio anyi ku bule bua bukubi ne: "Kupinganyi panyima, kupuekeshi fork, ne kutentekedi tshiamu tshia mashinyi to." Ku dia balume mpindieu, tshiamu tshia forklift tshidi mua kuenza mudimu anu bu mudi tshiamu tshia forklift tshienza. tshibumba tshia tshitupa tshîpi tshidi tshilama kilo 15,000 (33,000 pounds) ya bintu bia pa mutu bua kubenga kukuluka. Kupingaja tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu kudi kukoka tshintu tshia ndekelu tshidi tshimana panshi muinshi mua tshibumba tshidi tshikanga, ne kupuekesha tshitupa tshijima tshia bibandilu bia bungi buludiludi pa tshilamba tshia ku mutu tshia tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu.
2. Leja muena mudimu bua kushala munda mua kazubu ka bukubi ka FOPS/ROPS pikala bintu bienda bienda pa mutu, anyi kupatuka kule ne njila udi mupuekele anu padi dienda dijika. Tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu tshidi tshijadika (ANSI/ITSDF B56.1 FOPS) ntshienza bua kuepuka bintu bikese bidi bikuluka, ki n'tshiamu tshia 200 tone tshidi tshienda tshikola to kadi kupatuka mu tshiibi padi palete ipueka pa mitshi kudi kushipa muntu. Padi mutoyi ne dienda dijika, muendeshi udi ne tshia kusulula, kupatuka ku luseke lua mashinyi kule ne tshibandilu tshinyanguke ne kule ne muaba udi tshitekelu tshia mashinyi, ne kupatuka lubilu lukole mu tshibandilu kayi unyangakaja mashinyi.
3. Umbusha ne ukanga "Domino Exclusion Zone" udi mubuikila tshibuelelu tshidi tshibunda PLUS nansha milongo ibidi mikumbane ku nseke yonso ibidi. Bualu bua bitekelu bia palete bidi bilondangana pamue ne biamu bia milongo ya milongo (biamu bia kuela nabi kapia) ne bitekelu bile bia milongo mikese mbilamakaja pa mutu pa tshibuelelu ne tshiibi tshimue, dipanga didi dikoka tshibandilu tshia panyima ne panyima, tshidi tshikuluka mu njila wa metre 3 (10-foot) mu mulongo udi ulonda bu domino udi upona. Teka tshibumba tshiebe tshia ku mpenga ku bule bua 1.5 misangu ya bule buonso bua tshitekelu (\(1.5 \misangu H\)) mu nseke yonso, pamue ne bule buonso bua tshibandilu.
4. Kutetshi nansha kakese bua kumbusha tshintu tshidi ne tshimanyinu tshikunze (tshidi tshikole, tshipanduluke, anyi tshinyanguke) kumpala kua wewe kuteka tshintu tshia tshitupa tshîpi anyi tshilamba tshia kujikija natshi bujitu. Kuendesha mashinyi a kilo 4 000 (9 000-pound) mu tshina tshidi tshinyanguke kudi kunyunguluka ne tshiamu tshia beton tshidi tshinyunguluka, ne tshilamba tshidi tshikosa udi wenza bua biamu bia ku ndekelu kua tshiamu tshia mitaku bipatuke mu bitupa bia milongo ya binsonji, bienza bua dikuluka dia lukasa.
5. Tangila tshibandilu tshia kuulu ne tshiamu tshia kapia tshia mu tshibandilu pambelu pa muaba udibu kabayi mua kupatula. Nzubu ya bungi ya dilamina bintu idi ne bukole bua 690 too ne ku 1200 kPa (100 too ne ku 175 psi) Milonda ya mâyi ya In-Rack Sprinkler (IRS) miela buludiludi mu tshitupa tshia tshitekelu tshia kapia, tshia pallet anyi tshia tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bintu ne tshia kuela nabi kapia 480V busbars just above the top pallet load. Shi tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi tshishindamene pa milonda ya mayi anyi ku milonda ya gaz, manyisha bena mudimu ba kapia ne uteka muena mudimu ku tshiibi tshinene tshia Post Indicator Valve (PIV) ne ku tshiibi tshinene tshia gaz pambelu pa nzubu.
6. Tangila ne teleja bimanyinu 5 bia dikuluka dia nzubu wa beton. Umbuka mu nzubu mujima wa tshilaminu tshia bintu diakamue wewa mumvue ** "pinging" wa tshiamu anyi bingoma bia bingoma** (bikunyibua bia tshiamu tshia nzembu bidi bikosa anyi bikunyibua bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi bipatuka), tangila puffing wa beton mutoke udi munyunguluke nzubu wa tshishimikidi mapalete adi atentekela mu tshitupa tshia 150-millimetre (6-inch) tshia kunyima kua tshitekelu tshia kapia, anyi mona tshitupa tshia ku mutu tshia tshitekelu tshienda tshipatuka mu tshibandilu tshia Bulampe / 120 (tshilejilu, kupita 75 millimetre [3 inches] ku mutu kua tshitekelu tshia 9-metre [30-foot]).

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Tshilaminu tshia bintu tshia mu tshilaminu tshia bintu, dilongolola dia bintu, ne dipuekesha dia bintu¶

flowchart TD
    A["Forklift, Reach Truck, anyi Trailer Strikes Warehouse Pallet Rack"] --> B{"Tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu tshitshidi tshilamakaja mu tshitekelu anyi, anyi bena mudimu mbakuate?"}
    B -->|"Eyowa: Bena mudimu badi bafua anyi badi benza mudimu"| C["Bikila ku 911/112/999 Heavy Technical Rescue -> Kukanga nzembu/gaz mu njila -> KUKOKI tshibandilu tshidi ne mishiku -> Umbusha 1.5x Bulampe + 2 njila idi pabuipi"]
    B -->|"Tòo: Forklift udi mutoke NANSHA mubuikila kakuyi njiwu"| D{"Tshiamu tshia forklift tshidiku mpindieu tshikuatshisha tshilongo tshikosa anyi tshikanga bikole anyi?"}
    D -->|"Eyowa: Mast/forks adi alama muaba munyanguke"| E["LEKA FORKLIFT MU MUABA (kukanga nkata, kujika tshifungu, kupatuka bimpe) -> Patuka mu njila ne mu njila ibidi idi ku luseke -> Bikila bena mudimu ba ku tshiibi tshia nzubu"]
    D -->|"Tòo: Forklift udi kale mupatuke pa tshibandilu"| F["Cordon off Domino Exclusion Zone -> Perform Visual Stand-Off Inspection using ANSI/RMI MH16.1 & SEMA Green/Amber/Red criteria"]
    F --> G{"Ntshinyi tshidi tshinyanguka tshibi menemene pa tshibandilu, pa tshibandilu, anyi pa tshimanu?"}
    G -->|"NJIKU YA MUTUKU: Dipambuka > SEMA 2x mikalu, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitapuluke, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikosa, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka, anyi tshidi tshipatuka mu tshiamu tshia mitaku > H/120"| H["KUPUTULULA BIDIMU BIDI BIKUATA -> Teka tshitekelu tshia tshitekelu tshia bintu anyi tshitekelu tshia crane tshia pa mutu kumpala -> Kupuekesha Top-Down ( Damaged Bays & Both Adjacent Bays)"]
    G -->|"AMBER RISK: Dipanga dia 3 mm ne 6 mm (anyi dipanga dia tshiamu tshia mitaku < 10 mm) kakuyi dipanda anyi dinyanguka"| I["Ela tshimanyinu ne tshimanyishilu tshia Amber -> Umbusha ne budimu tshitupa tshidi tshinyanguke ne bitupa bidi pabuipi natshi Top-Down -> Kokuela tshiakabidi too ne padibu balongolola anyi bapingaja tshilongo/tshiamu"]
    G -->|"NYIKA YA MUTU: Dikosa dia peinture dia pa mutu anyi dishintuluka dia mulongo < 3 mm (kumpala-kunyima) / < 5 mm (ku luseke)"| J["Buela mu mukanda wa dikonkonona dia tshilaminu tshia bintu -> Pingaja bintu bia bukubi bidi kabiyiku -> Tangila mu tshikondo tshia dikonkonona dia SEMA/RMI dia ngondo yonso"]

Tshitupa 1: Kujingulula malu a fisike a "Domino" udi mukuluke mu tshilaminu tshia bintu¶

Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshimue tshia kubandila natshi bintu tshidi tshituta tshibandilu tshia kuinshi kua ditumba ne lubilu lua 5 km/h (3 mph) tshidi tshipuekesha miaba 10 000 ya palete mu nzubu mujima wa dilamina bintu wa metre kare 20 000 (200 000 metre kare)?

1. Makunji a tshitupa tshiunzulula tshienza mu mashika ne "Tshiamu tshia plastike"¶

Bishilangane na mitshi ya I-beams (W-shapes) mikole mienza nayi mudimu mu makunji a nzubu, 90 pa lukama ya pallet racks ya pa tshibidilu idi mienza ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole (tshidi ne bule bua 1,9 mm too ne ku 3,0 mm) tshienza mu tshibumba tshiunzulula tshia "C" anyi tshibumba tshionso tshidi ne njila miunzuluke 50.8 millimètres (2 inches) ku mutu kua mpala. - Mulongo wa C udi kayi munyanguke udi wimanyina pa buobumue bua nseke yende bua kukuatshisha kilo 10 000 too ne ku 25 000 (22 000 too ne ku 55 000 ya kilo) ya dikuma dia mu nseke. - Pa lukama 85 ya bipupu bia forklift bidi bikuata 1.5 metre (5 feet) wa kuinshi kua tshibandilu tshia kumpala, tshidi muaba menemene udi ne bujitu bua tshibandilu tshionso tshidi pa mutu patshi. - Padi tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu, anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bujitu tshidi tshikosa tshitupa tshia C tshidi tshiunzulula munda anu ne 10 too ne ku 25 milimetre (0,4 too ne ku 1 inch), tshitupa tshia bujitu tshia bujitu tshidi pa mutu katshiena kabidi tshipita mu tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku to. Ebi bidi bienza tshikondo tshia dikoseka dia pa buadi (\(P\text{-}\Delta\) effect): bujitu bua muulu (\(P\)) buvudijibua kudi dikoseka dia tshibandilu (\(\Delta\)) didi dikoseka tshilongo kabidi, tshidi tshivudija \(\Delta\), tshidi tshivudija tshikondo tshia dikoseka mu tshijengu tshia diandamuna dia lubilu too ne padi tshikokedi tshinyanguka mu bitupa bibidi bu mudi tshiamu tshia aluminium tshidi tshienza ne tshiamu tshia aluminium.

2. Bua tshinyi mayi adi pabuipi ne njila idi milondangana idi ipona pamue¶

Tshitekelu tshia mikanda ki ntshisumbu tshia bitekelu bia mikanda bidi nkayabi to; i tshitupa tshia dikosa dia bukole tshidi tshitungunuka: 1. Horizontal Beam Pull-Down (In-Row Failure): Padi Upright Column B unyanguka ne upueka 15 centimètres (6 inches), mitshi ya bujitu idi mitangile ku Upright Column A (ku dia bakaji) ne Upright Column C (ku dia balume) idi yenza mudimu bu nkamba ya tshiamu. Kumpala kua biamu bia ku ndekelu kua tshiamu etshi kukosa, badi bakoka milongo A ne C munda mu angle wa 30-degree, babikuata ne babulula mulongo mujima wa bule bua metre 100 kumbukila ku ndekelu too ne ku ndekelu mu masekonde makese menemene a 6. 2. Row Spacer Push-Through (Back-to-Back Failure): Bitekelu bia mu nzubu ya dilamina bintu bitu misangu yonso bilongolola mu milongo ibidi milondangane mitapulula kudi muaba wa 150-to-300-millimeter (6-to-12-inch) ne mikanga pamue ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole milongo ya milongo. Padi mulongo wa kumpala upona panyima anyi kumpala, biamu bia milongo bia tshiamu bidi bikoka anyi bikoka mulongo wa panyima udi mulamakaja panshi nende. 3. Cross-Aisle Domino Topple: Biamu bia tshitekelu bia bintu bidi ne bule bua metre 9 too ne ku 14 (30 too ne ku 45 feet), kadi njila ya mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu idi anu 1,8 metre (6 feet) mu bule bua Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) turret trucks anyi **2,7 too ne ku 3,6 metre (92) too ne ku 92 feet. Bu mudi bule bua tshitekelu budi misangu 3 too ne ku 5 kupita bulampe bua tshiibi, mulongo muibidi udi upona udi ukuma mulongo udi ulonda mu tshiibi pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia munkatshi, wenza mudimu ne bujitu bua bungi budi bukosolola bimanu biende bia panshi ne bupueka mu tshibuelelu tshionso tshia nzubu too ne padiye ukuma tshimanu tshia beton tshia pambelu.

Tshitupa 2: Visual Stand-Off Triage (ANSI/RMI MH16.1 & SEMA Green / Amber / Red Thresholds)¶

Padibu bamane kukanga muaba udibu kabayi mua kubuelamu, mulombodi wa malu a bukubi wa mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu, mutangidi wa tshitekelu tshia bintu, anyi muena mudimu wa nzubu udi ne bua kukonkonona tshintu tshidi tshinyanguke tshimane muaba muimpe wa kuimana (ku diambuluisha dia lunete, tshiamu tshia foto tshia zoom anyi tshiamu tshia laser tshidi pambelu pa muaba wa dikuluka) kumpala kua muntu yonso kusemena pabuipi ne tshitekelu tshia bintu.

Tshilongelu tshia bafidi ba bintu bia kulama nabi bintu (ANSI/RMI MH16.1, Malu adi atangila dienza dia bintu bia kulama nabi bintu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku, mu États-Unis) ne **Tshisumbu tshia bafidi ba bintu bia kulama nabi bintu (SEMA Code of Practice for the Use of Pallet Racking, United Kingdom/Estrict) tshidi tshijadika bipimu bia milimetre bipima na 1.0-metre (39.4-inch) straightedge muteka pa luseke lua tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku:

Master Rack Damage Triage Table (SEMA & ANSI/RMI MH16.1 Criteria)¶

Tshitupa 3: Mushindu kayi wa kufika ku muelelu wa mâyi ne kumbusha tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi tshinyanguke¶

Shi tshintu tshidi tshinyanguke tshidi mu tshitupa tshia RED RISK (tshidi tshikuata bikole, tshikosa, tshikosa, anyi tshikosa ku tshishimikidi tshiatshi), kuena mua kuendesha anu tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu mu tshibandilu ne kutuadija kukoka palete panshi to. Udi ne tshia kulonda ndondo wa malu a bungi wa Kumpala kua ku muelelu kua mâyi, Kupuekesha kuulu-kuinshi kuabidi:

Tshitupa 1: Kulekela anyi kukuatshisha tshilongo tshidi tshilema kumpala kua kusesuisha palete yonso¶

Bilondeshile bunene bua tshingoma ne bintu bidi pa muaba, bena mudimu bapiluke badi balongolola bitanda ne bena mudimu ba bungi badi basungila bantu batu benza mudimu ne umue wa ku mishindu isatu bua kujadika njila wa bintu kumpala kua kulenga tshintu tshimue:

1. Engineered Rack Repair Jack / Shoring Post ("C-Clamp Bypass Post"):
2. Biamu bia pa buabi bia kulongolola nabi bintu bia mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu (ne biamu bia mudimu bia Paratech/Holmatro) bidi bienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia telescope anyi tshiamu tshia hydraulique rack jack tshidi tshilamakaja anyi tshilamakaja ku tshitupa tshia bululame tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguke tshia pa mutu pa tshitekelu tshia bintu (pa tshibidilu pa mutu pa tshibandilu tshia kumpala too ne ku 200.00. metre [5 to 6.5 feet]) ne udi utuma bujitu budi buimana bululame panshi ku tshiamu tshia nshindamenu tshinene tshidi tshiikisha panshi pa beton ku luseke lua dikasa ditshibuka.
3. Padibu bamane kulamakaja tshibandilu ne biamu bia mudimu bia ku bianza anyi ne tshiamu tshia hydraulique tshia ku bule (katshiyi muanji kubandishibua muulu menemene bua kubandisha mitshi mu miaba idiyi ipuekesha binsonji), tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia metre 1,5 tshia tshibumba tshidi tshipita, bienza bua bikale bimpe bua kumbusha bibandilu bia kuulu.
4. Kulama bua tshitupa tshîpi dipetangana dia mutshi ne mutshi ne biamu bia ratchet bia bukole anyi C-clamps:
5. Padi mutshi muimane unyunguluka mu tshikondo tshia dikuma dia forklift, 3 anyi 4 mikese ya tshiamu tshia rivets/pins idi munda mua tshiamu tshia ku ndekelu kua tshiamu tshia mitaku idi pabuipi ne kupatuka mu miaba ya binsonji ya mutshi.
6. Kumpala kua kupuekesha bintu, bena mudimu badi balamakaja mitshi idi mitangile ku tshibumba tshimane ku diambuluisha dia C-clamps mikole anyi 5,000-kilograms (11,000-pound) industrial polyester ratchet straps mibuikila mishindame ku makunji a kumpala ne a panyima (anyi ku tshibuelelu tshidi pabuipi) bua kupangisha tshibumba bua kupatuka pambelu bujitu bua palete budi bushintuluka.
7. Tshiamu tshia kuulu anyi tshiamu tshia telehandler (bua miaba idi pambelu idi mishindame bikole):
8. Shi tshibumba tshia ku ndekelu kua tshiibi tshikose bipese bionso bibidi ne tshidi tshitangile pambelu mutangile ku muaba wa tshibandilu udi mubulula, bena mudimu badi bapitshisha bipese bia nylon bia bukole bua bungi bifumina ku tshibandilu tshia kuulu anyi ku tshiamu tshia telehandler tshidi tshifika kule (tshiimane bimpe pambelu pa mundidimbi wa dikuluka) pabuipi ne njila ya tshibumba tshia kuulu bua kuimanyika dikuluka dia bintu kumpala kua kutuadija dipueka dia panshi.

Tshitupa 2: Bulongolodi bulelela bua dipuekesha dia bintu (Ntshinyi tshidi tshiya kumpala)¶

Padi muena mudimu anyi mumanyi wa malu a tshitekelu tshia bintu ujikija muaba wa kupuekesha bintu, bulongame budibu bumbusha palete budi buleja ni tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi tshishala tshimane anyi tshidi tshikuata ku luseke:

1. Udi ne tshia kumbusha bintu bisatu, ki nganu umue to:
2. Kazubu konso ka mululame (pa kumbusha kazubu ka ndekelu ka mulongo) kadi tshimanu tshia tshitupa tshimue tshidi tshikuatshisha mitshi ya miaba ibidi idi milondangana: tshitupa tshidi ku dia bakaji dia tshibandilu tshikuate NE tshibumba tshidi ku dia balume dia tshibandilu tshikuate.
3. Shi tshitekelu tshia milongo ya kunyima ne kunyima tshivua tshikoseka anyi tshikuma mu tshikondo tshia dikuma, udi kabidi ne tshia kutangila ne kupatula tshitupa tshidi tshitangilangane buludiludi mu tshitekelu tshia panyima ne panyima.
4. Misangu yonso upuekesha anu ku MUTU-KUINSHI (Tshitupa tshia kumpala tshia kumpala, Tshibandilu tshia panshi tshia ndekelu):
5. Bua tshinyi Top-Down udi ne tshia kuenzeka: Mapalete a muulu (ku metre 8 too ne ku 12 [26 too ne ku 40 feet] pa mutu pa buloba) adi ne tshikondo tshinene tshia kukudimuka (\(M = F \misangu h\)) ne adi alomba bule bua mulongo mule menemene udi kauyi ne tshisuikidi. Kumbusha tshitupa tshia kuulu kumpala kudi kukosa tshitupa tshia bukole budi bukokela bintu ne kukepesha bukole bua P-Delta budi bunyanguka pa tshibandilu tshia kuinshi tshidi tshinyanguke.
6. Kupingana ku dia bakaji ne ku dia balume pa mutshi udi munyanguke: Kokumbusha 100 pa lukama ya bipese bia ku dia bakaji eku ushiya tshitupa tshia ku dia balume tshiuwule tente ne bintu 100 pa lukama, bualu kuenza nunku kudi kuenza tshikondo tshia dikoseka dia ku luseke lumue tshidi katshiyi tshikumbane pa mutshi mululame udi munyanguke. Pamutu pa nanku, umbusha Tshitupa 5 tshia ku dia bakaji, pashishe tshitupa tshia 5 tshia ku dia balume; Tshitupa 4 tshia ku dia bakaji, pashishe tshitupa 4 tshia ku dia balume; Tshitupa 3 tshia ku dia bakaji, pashishe tshitupa 3 tshia ku dia balume, wenza mudimu bimpe too ne panshi.
7. Mikenji ya mudimu wa tshiamu tshia mashinyi mu tshikondo tshia dipuekesha dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi:
8. Wenza mudimu anu ne muena mudimu weba udi ne dimanya dia bungi, udi ne mukanda wa dianyisha dia mudimu wa mashinyi a njila anyi wa mashinyi a nsongo udi ne tshiamu tshia laser tshidi tshilombola anyi tshiamu tshia foto tshia mast.
9. Ubandishe bimpa ku 50 Millimètres (2 Inches) Kumpala kua Kupingana: Muena mudimu udi ne tshia kubueja bipese bimpe kayi ututa mpala wa tshitekelu, kubandisha palete 50 millimètres (2 inches) kule ne tshibandilu ne tshitekelu tshia nshinga, kujadika ne: kakuena tshiamu tshia palete tshidi tshitshibuka tshidi tshikuate pa tshibandilu tshia kuinshi kua tshibandilu, ne kukoka bitekete bitekete mulongo.

Tshitupa 4: Njiwu ya pa buayi mu tshikondo tshia njiwu ya tshilaminu tshia bintu¶

Padi tshitekelu tshia palete tshikuma anyi tshikuluka tshitupa, njiwu mikuabu ya mu midimu idi mua kunyanga bantu badi bitaba anu pa mitshi ya tshiamu:

1. In-Rack Fire Sprinkler (IRS) & Ceiling ESFR Main Rupture¶

Bibambalu bia diabanya dia bintu bia bungi bidi bienza mudimu ne Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) ceiling sprinklers ne In-Rack Sprinkler (IRS) piping miule tente ne mayi ku 800 too ne ku 1,200 kPa (115 too ne ku 175 psi). - Bikala dikuluka dia tshitekelu tshikosa tshiamu tshia 50-to-100-millimeter (2-to-4-inch) tshia mu tshitekelu: Mayi neapatuke ku 1,500 too ne ku 4,000 litre ku minite (400 to ne 1,000 gallons ku minite). - Njiwu ya mvula wa mabue: Mu minite isatu ya dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi munda mua tshitekelu, bibombi bia karton bidi pa mutu bidi bikuata nkama ya kilo ya mayi. Karton mutoke udi ujimija 80 pa lukama ya bukole buende bua dikuma, bienza bua ma palete adi kaayi manyanguke adi mu bitupa bia pabuipi apu akuluke ku luseke lua mitshi yawu ne kuenza bua dibutuka dia mashika dibidi. - Tshienzedi: Kanga anu tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshileja kapia (PIV) anyi tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi kapia panyima pa wewe mumane kujadika ne: kakuena kapia to ne anu mu diumvuangana ne muena mudimu wa tshibambalu tshia kapia udi ulua.

2. Lithium-Ion anyi Lead-Acid Forklift Battery Dinyanguka muinshi mua bitanda bipueka¶

• Bateri ya plomb-acide (1,000 to 2,000 kg / 2,200 to 4,400 lb): Tshibombi tshia bateri tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipuekesha nkama ya litre ya 30% to 37% ya acide sulfurique (\(H_2SO_4\)) mu tshibutshilu tshia nzubu wa tshilaminu tshia bintu ne tshidi mua kukokesha tshiamu tshia mitaku, anyi udi upatula gaz wa hydrogène (\(H_2\)) ne kapia kakole ka arc-flash.
• Lithium-Ion (LFP anyi NMC) Forklift Batteries & Stored Lithium Cargo: Shi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipueka tshitobola tshiamu tshia lithium-ion forklift anyi tshitshibula palete ya bintu bia lithium-ion, selile idi ibuela mu thermal runaway, ipatula hydrogène (H$) ne ditutu dia carbone monoxide ma jet adi atema mu kapia ka blowtorch. Wewe mumvue mutoyi, mutoyi, anyi mumone luya lutoka anyi lutoka ludi ne mupuya muimpe lupatuka mu tshibumba tshia bintu tshidi tshikuluke, umbuka mu nzubu mujima wa tshilaminu tshia bintu diakamue.

3. Tshilaminu tshia bintu tshia mashika / Tshilaminu tshia mashika tshidi tshikuma (-20°C too ne ku -30°C / -4°F too ne ku -22°F)¶

Dikuma dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi didi misangu ibidi mitamba ne didi dinyanguka bikole munda mua biamu bia mashika bia mushinga mukole ne mu nzubu ya diabanya dia bintu bia mashika: - Dishintuluka dia bukole bua tshiamu tshia mitaku: Ku luya lua muinshi mua zero (-25 degrés Celsius [-13 degrés Fahrenheit]), tshiamu tshia carbone tshia pa tshibidilu tshidi tshijimija bukole bua dikuma (dishintuluka dia Charpy V-notch) ne tshidi ne mushindu wa bungi wa kutshibuka bitekete bitekete pa bipese bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne pa mishiku minyanguke pamutu pa kutshibuka ku kakese ku kakese. - Trapped Operator Hypothermia & Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) Refrigerant Piping: Nzubu ya dilamina bintu mu mashika itu misangu mivule yenza mudimu ne anhydrous ammonia (\(NH_3\)) evaporator coils and liquid supply lines suspended ku plafond buludiludi pa mutu pa pallet rack bays. Shi tshitekelu tshia mashinyi anyi mashinyi a tshibandilu tshikole tshikosa tshiamu tshia ammoniaque tshidi pa mutu, dipatuka dia gaz wa ammoniaque udi ne buanga ne udi unyanguka ku > 300 ppm didi Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). Shi udi umvua mupuya wa ammonia mukola nansha umona ditutu dia lupuishi mu plafond kunyima kua dikuluka dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi, tuaku tshiamu tshia ammonia tshia lukasa, umbuka diakamue, ne ubikile HazMat ku 911/112/999. Tangila tshitekelu tshia bintu bia mushinga mukole ne tshiamu tshia mashika bidi binyanguka.

Tshitupa 5: Mikenji ya dilongolola ne ya dipingaja (Bua tshinyi kusuika tshitekelu tshia bintu mu njila ki nkubi)¶

Padibu bumbusha bintu mu tshina tshidi tshinyanguke ne bikuabu bidi pabuipi natshi ne batshibuikila, balombodi ba nzubu ya dilamina bintu batu misangu ya bungi basue kulomba muena mudimu wa mu nzubu bua kuosha tshintu tshidi tshikoseka ne muendu, kutshikuma ne marto mululame anyi kutshisuika ne tshiamu tshia angle pa mutu pa tshibumba.

Mikenji mikole ya malu a enzenji idi muinshi mua ANSI/RMI MH16.1 ne OSHA¶

1. Kuena ne bua kulongolola ne kapia anyi kulongolola ne marto tshiamu tshia mitaku tshienza ne mashika: Tshiamu tshia mitaku tshienza ne mashika tshidi tshipeta too ne ku 30 pa lukama tshia bukole buatshi bua dikolesha dia mudimu mu tshikondo tshia dienza dia tshitekelu tshia mashika. Kuosha tshintu tshidi tshikoseka ne torshe wa oxy-acetylene kudi kulengeja (kulengeja) tshiamu, eku kuela marto ku ditumba didi dilengeja panyima kudi kuenza bipendu bikese bidi bikepesha bukole buatshi bua kukoka ne bia pa lukama 50.
2. Kuena ne bua kuela tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi katshiyi ne mukanda wa P.E. (Professional Engineer) Design: Kuela tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne mputa kudi kuosha tshiamu tshitekete tshia 2-millimetre ne kunyangakaja LARCs (Load Application and Rack Configuration drawings) ne mukanda wa dianyisha dia nzubu wa mu tshimenga.
3. Malu adibu bitabe bua kulongolola:
4. Dishintulula dijima dia tshibumba tshilulame: Umbusha mitshi idi mitangile ne milongo ya milongo, umbusha tshibumba tshilulame tshidi tshinyanguke, ne teka tshibumba tshipiatshipia tshia ku tshiapu tshilamakaja mu beton mupiamupia udi kayi munyanguke (bimanyinu bipiabipia bia wedge bidi ne bua kuikala biteka misangu mitue ku **3 ya buondoke bua tshibumba tshidi tshitangalake ne bimanu bia kale).
5. Engineered Bolt-On / Welded Column Repair Kits (ANSI/RMI Guideline for the Assessment and Repair or Replacement of Damaged Rack): Install a custom-engineered, heavy-gauge structural steel cantilevered or floor-anchored reir reir bu mudi Daucer, O-EM, O bintu bia kulongolola nabi) bienza ne bifunda kudi mumanyi wa malu a nzubu udi ne bukenji bua kuenza mudimu bimpe menemene bua tshitekelu tshiebe tshia bintu ne muaba udi tshikumina.

Dilonda dia mikenji ya tshijengu ne luapolo lua OSHA / HSE¶

Dilama dia bintu bia mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu didi dilombodibua bu tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshikuata bujitu mu matunga onso manene:

• Ditunga dia États-Unis (OSHA & ANSI/RMI):
• OSHA General Duty Clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) & 29 CFR 1910.176(b) (Materials Handling and Storage): OSHA udi utela ne ufuta bitadi kudi bena mudimu ba mu nzubu ya dilamina bintu bilondeshile General Duty Clause ne 29 CFR 1910.176(b) (S") padi bintu kabiyi bienza njiwu" bimanu bia tshitekelu tshia palete binyanguke, bipese bia tshitekelu bidi kabiyiku, anyi mitshi idi kayiyi mikanga idi mishiya ne bujitu. OSHA udi uleja ANSI/RMI MH16.1 bu tshipiminu tshia ditunga tshidi tshimanyike.
• Mandatory OSHA Catastrophe Reporting (29 CFR 1904.39): Udi ne tshia kumanyisha njiwu yonso ya ku mudimu kudi OSHA ku 1-800-321-OSHA (1-800-321-6742) mu mêba 8 a lufu lua muena mudimu, ne mu mêba 4a dijimija dia mubedi, anyi dijimija dia mubedi mu lupitadi wa dîsu. Tangila bulombodi buetu bujima pa Difika dia mutangidi wa OSHA ne dimanyisha dia tshipupu tshia mêba 8.
• Bukalenge buobumue (HSE & SEMA):
• PUWER 1998 (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations) & HSE Guide HSG76 (Warehousing and Storage: A Guide to Health and Safety): Udi ulomba bua kukonkonona bitanda bia pa tshibidilu ku diambuluisha dia SEMA Green / Amber / Red traffic-light system, diteka dia muntu musungula **PRS (PRS) udi ne bujitu bua bukubi bua lumingu lujima dikonkonona dia munda, ne dikonkonona dia tshidimu tshionso kudi SARI (SEMA Approved Rack Inspector).
• RIDDOR 2013 Reporting: Dikuluka, dikuluka, anyi dinyanguka dia tshitupa tshionso tshidi tshikuata bujitu tshia tshitekelu tshia bintu tshia mu tshibutshilu tshia bintu (pa tshibidilu padi dikuluka dilomba bintu bipite pa tone 5 anyi difikisha ku njiwu kampanda) mbualu budi ne bua kumanyibua kudi tshibambalu tshia malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (RIDDOR) nansha mudi bena mudimu nansha umue kabavua batapika to.
• Canada (CSA A344 & Provincial OH&S): Udi ulombodibua kudi CSA A344 (User Guide for Steel Storage Racks) ne National Building Code of Canada (NBC); bibambalu bia mudimu bia mu provense (bu mudi Ontario MLITSD ne WorkSafeBC muinshi mua tshitupa tshia 4.43.1 tshia OHSR) bidi bilomba bikole bua kumbusha bintu bidi binyanguke ne kubilongolola bilondeshile mikenji ya muena mudimu wa mudimu (P.Eng.).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu ne Australie/Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu: Bulombodibua kudi EN 15635 (Steel Static Storage Systems: Application and Maintenance of Storage Equipment), udi ufunda mikenji ya dianyisha dia malu a Green/Amber/Red mu matunga onso adi mu UE.
• Australia ne Nouvelle-Zélande: Bilombodibua kudi AS 4084:2023 (Steel Storage Racking) ne mikenji ya SafeWork Australia / WorkSafe NZ, idi ilomba bua kuenza mudimu wa dikonkonona dia bintu musangu umue kunyima kua ngondo 12 ne ditapulula dia lukasa dia bintu bidi binyanguke bua dikuma.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bikala tshiamu tshianyi tshia dibandisha natshi bintu anyi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshikuate munda mua tshitekelu tshia palete tshidi tshikoseka, ndi ne bua kupingaja tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu diakamue anyi?¶

Tòo. Kupinganyi anyi kupuekesha mutshi wa tshibandilu nansha kakese pikala tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu tshibueja munda mua tshibandilu tshidi tshikosa anyi tshikosa. Mu bikondo bia bungi bia dikuma, tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia forklift anyi ditempu tshidi tshilua tshintu tshimuepele tshidi tshilama kilo binunu ne binunu bia palete ya pa mutu panyima pa tshibandilu tshia tshibandilu tshimane kujika. Kupingaja tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu kudi kukoka tshintu tshidi tshikuatshisha kule ne kuenza bua tshitupa tshijima tshikuluke buludiludi pa tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu. Kanga tshiamu tshia dibandisha natshi bintu, tshileke muaba watshi bu muaba wa tshitupa tshîpi, upatuke bimpe kule ne njila wa tshibandilu padi mashinyi ajika, ne umbuka mu njila ne njila ibidi idi pabuipi.

Mmutantshi kayi utudi ne bua kumbusha bena mudimu padi tshitekelu tshia bintu tshia mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu tshikoseka bibi?¶

Teka muaba wa tshisokomenu udi mua kufika misangu mitue ku 1,5 ya bule bua tshitekelu mu nseke yonso kumbukila ku tshitudilu tshidi tshinyanguke, NE umbusha bule buonso bua tshibuelelu tshidi tshinyanguke pamue ne tshibuelelu tshibidi tshia milongo ibidi ku dia bakaji ne ku dia balume. Bu mudi bitekelu bia bintu bia mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu misangu 3 anyi 5 bipite bulampe bua tshiibi ne mbikuate kunyima ne bipese bia milongo, dinyanguka dia tshibuelelu tshimue ditu misangu mivule difikisha ku dikuluka dia domino wa mu tshiibi tshidi tshipuekesha milongo idi pabuipi mu tusekonde tukese.

Bungi bua tshitupa tshinene tshidibu mua kuitaba mu tshitekelu tshia palete kumpala kua kutshipatula diakamue ntshinyi?¶

Muinshi mua mikenji ya buloba bujima ya SEMA ne EN 15635 (idibu baleje pamue ne ANSI/RMI MH16.1), teka tshintu tshia 1.0-metre (39.4-inch) tshidi tshilulame ku luseke lua tshibumba tshia tshibumba tshidi tshikosa. Shi dikoseka dia kumpala too ne kunyima dipita milimetre 6 (1/4 inch) anyi dikoseka dia ku dia bakaji too ne ku dia balume (mu njila wa kuinshi) dipita milimetre 10 (3/8 inch), udi njiwu mikunzubile idi ilomba bua kuikala pa nkayayi diakamue, kuyilama ne kuyipuekesha. Pa kumbusha, dipanda dionso didi dimueneka mu tshiamu, tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi, tshiamu tshia kulamakaja natshi, anyi dinyanguka dia mu ditumba dia tshilongo didi dienzeka nkayadi nansha biobi bikale mu butshiama bua milimetre bungi kayi.

Mmu bulongame kayi butudi ne bua kumbusha ma palete mu tshitekelu tshia bintu tshidi tshinyanguke?¶

Tshia kumpala, kuena ne bua kupuekesha tshintu tshia Red-Risk (tshidi tshikole anyi tshishindame) too ne padi mumanyi wa malu a rack muteka tshiamu tshia tshitupa tshîpi tshia shoring/post anyi biamu bia stabilization bua se: katshikuluki padibu batuta forklift to. Paudi ufika ku muelelu wa mâyi, udi ne bua kumbusha bintu bionso bibidi bidi ne mulongo mubi (muaba udi ku dia bakaji ne muaba udi ku dia balume), utuadija anu ku tshitupa tshia ku mutu ne wenza mudimu panshi, ushintulula tshiamu tshimue tshia ku dia bakaji ne tshikuabu tshia ku dia balume bua wewe kubenga kuenza bujitu budi kabuyi bujalame bua ku luseke lumue pa tshibumba tshidi tshitekete.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne njiwu ya dibueja dia bintu mu nzubu wa dilamina bintu
• Dipueka dia tshitudilu tshia mazuwa, dienda dia tshitudilu tshia mazuwa, ne disungila dia ditapulula dia tshitudilu tshia mazuwa
• OSHA anyi mutangidi wa malu a muaba udibu basombele udi ufika kakuyi dimanyisha ne udi ufila luapolo lua tshipupu tshia mêba 8
• Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia tshitupa tshia nzubu
• Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshia mashika tshia mu tshisalu ne dipandisha

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshilongelu tshia bafumbi ba bintu (RMI, États-Unis): ANSI/RMI MH16.1: Mikenji ya dienza, diteta ne dienza mudimu ne bintu bia kulama nabi bintu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne Mibelu ya kukonkonona ne kulongolola anyi kupingaja bintu bia kulama nabi bintu binyanguke.
• Tshisumbu tshia bafidi ba bintu bia kulama nabi bintu (SEMA, Royaume-Uni) & Komite wa ku Mputu wa dilongolola dia bintu (CEN): SEMA Code of Practice for the Use of Static Pallet Racking and *EN 15635: Steel Static Storage Systems: Application and Maintenance of Storage Equipment (Gre/Amber/Amber) Tolers Tolers.
• TUETU. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): 29 CFR 1910.176(b) (Secure Storage of Materials), 29 CFR 1910.178 (Powered Industrial Trucks), and OSH Act Section 5(a)(1) General Duty Clause Enforcement for Damaged Storage Racks.
• UK UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE): HSG76: Warehousing and Storage: A Guide to Health and Safety ne RIDDOR 2013 Mandatory Reporting of Dangerous Occurrences (Collapse of Storage Racking).
• Standards Australia & Canadian Standards Association (CSA): AS 4084:2023 (Steel Storage Racking) ne CSA A344 (User Guide for Steel Storage Racks).