Kushipa tshipungidi tshia buobumue kunyima kua ditapuluka anyi tshikisu tshia mu nzubu: Dilekela dia mikenji ne dishintulula dia tshiibi¶
Nomba ya malu a tshimpitshimpi idi mishilangane bilondeshile ditunga. Dibeji edi didi dienza mudimu ne 911, nomba wa ditunga dia États-Unis ne dia Canada. Matunga makuabu a bungi adi ne nomba wa 112, 999 anyi nomba mukuabu. Keba nomba wa ditunga dienu.
Padi malanda a dinanga ajika anyi padi tshilumbu tshia mu nzubu tshijuka mu nzubu udibu bafutshila pamue, bonso babidi badi bafutshila pamue badi batuilangana ne malu makole a Dibanza dia buobumue ne dia bungi. Mu bipungidi bia difutshila dia nzubu, muntu mukulumpe yonso udi muele tshiala pa mukanda wa difutshila udi ne bujitu kudi muena nzubu bua 100 pa lukama ya bitadi bionso bia ku ngondo, pamue ne dinyanguka dia nzubu, too ne padi mukanda wa difutshila ujika. Kulongolola bintu biebe patupu ne kufila nsapi yebe kudi muena dibaka nebe wa kale kakuena kumbusha dina diebe mu mukanda wa difutshila to; Shi mukajebe wa kale mulekele kufuta bitadi bia nzubu ngondo inayi kunyima kua wewe mumane kumbuka, muena nzubu udi mua kukufundila wewe bua makuta onso adi mashale ne kuela tshibawu tshibi tshia diumusha nzubu mu luapolo luebe lua dikonkonona dia muena nzubu. Ino, shi usaka kunyema njibo yobe nansha kuleka muntu umo udi ukukengesha pa mwanda wa tshikisu tshia mu njibo, tshikisu tshia mu malanda, dikengesha dia masandi, disumbisha dia bantu, anyi dilondangana, mikenji ya mbulamatadi ne ya ditunga idi ibengangana ne bipungidi bia difutshila dia nzubu. Mu matunga mapite pa 45 a mu États-Unis, mu provense yonso ya mu Canada, mu Royaume-Uni, ne mu Australie, mikenji idi itangila dikuba dia bantu badi bapanduka idi ikupesha bukenji buonso bua kukosa dîna diebe mu tshipungidi tshia matuku 14 too ne ku 30 mu mukanda (ku diambuluisha dia mukanda wa bukubi wa bena ditunga, luapolo lua bampulushi, anyi mukanda wa tshisokomenu wa kudi mufidi wa mibelu, anyi muena mudimu nende muena malu a tshikisu tshia mu nzubu) ne kakuyi makuta a dijikija dia mudimu kumpala kua dîba ne kakuyi dibanza dia kufuta nzubu mu matuku atshilualua, NANSHA bua kuenzeja muena nzubu bua kushintulula makunji a pambelu mu mêba 24 too ne ku 48 bua kupangisha muntu udi wenza malu mabi bua kubuela mu nzubu. Shi udi mu njiwu ya ku mubidi mpindieu, patuka mu nzubu weba shi udi mu bukubi ne ubikile bena mutumba nebe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 999 mu Royaume-Uni, 112 mu Union européenne, anyi 000 mu Australie), anyi ufundile Tshibambalu tshia malu a tshikisu tshia mu nzubu ku 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) anyi ufundile "START" ku 88788 ku tshiamu tshidi katshiyi ne njiwu. Bua kupeta nzubu, mikenji ya bukubi, ne bilumbu bia bena mu nzubu, bala bulombodi buetu pa mikenji ya dipangisha, mikenji ya bukubi, ne mikenji ya tshimpitshimpi, dilekela dia muena nzubu, difutshila dia nzubu didi kadiyi difuta, ne dishipa dia nzubu, ne bilumbu bia dilama dia makuta a bukubi.
Enza nunku mpindieu¶
- Manya diakamue ni nsombelu webe udi mukumbane bua kupeta dianyisha dia nzubu wa bukubi / tshikisu tshia mu nzubu. Kuena dijinga ne dilumbuluisha dia tshibawu anyi mene dikuata kudi bampulushi bua kulomba mikenji ya dijikija dia nzubu mu matunga a bungi ne mu provense ya bungi to. Shi wewa (nansha muanebe anyi muntu wa mu diku diebe) uvua mupeta tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, tshikisu tshia mu dibaka, ditshinyisha dia ku bukole, dikuata dia masandi, anyi dilondangana, udi mua kushipa tshipungidi tshiebe tshia nzubu mu matuku 14 too ne ku 30 pa kufila kudi muena nzubu mukanda wa dishipa dia nzubu ne mushindu umue wa mukanda wa mikenji: Dilomba dia dipingaja dia nzubu mu tshitupa tshîpi (mukenji wa dipingaja dia nzubu mu tshitupa tshîpi).
TRO) / Mukenji wa bukubi, nomba wa luapolo lua bualu bua mpulushi, anyi mukanda wa dianyisha mufunda kudi muntu muisatu mukumbane (muakuidi wa nzubu wa tshinyangu tshia mu nzubu, munganga/muena mudimu wa malu a bantu udi ne mukanda wa dianyisha, munganga, munganga udi mufundisha, anyi muena mudimu wa tshitendelelu). - Biwikala musombele mu nzubu ne kubenga muena nzubu nebe udi ukuenzela bibi, ufila "Dilomba dia dishintulula dia tshiibi tshia mêba 24" kudi muena nzubu webe. Shi udi mupeta mukanda wa dikuba dia tshitupa tshîpi anyi mukanda wa dikuba dia lukasa (
EPO) ne "Move-Out / Kick-Out / Residence Exclusion" udi ukandika muena dibaka nebe wa kale bua kubuela mu nzubu, mikenji ya ditunga (bu mudi: Californie Civil Code 1941.5, Texas Property Code 92.016, Illinois Safe Homes Act 765 ILCS 750/150/15, Virginia Code 1513, ne Washington RCW 59.18.585) udi ulomba muena nzubu webe bua apingaje makunji onso a pambelu mu mêba 24 too ne ku 48 (anyi akuanyishile bua kushintulula diakamue wewe nkayebe) ne akandika muena nzubu bikole bua kufila tshifungu tshipiatshipia kudi muena nzubu udibu balekele, nansha mudi dîna dia muena nzubu udibu kabayi bafutshila ditshidi pa mukanda wa difutshila. - Bikala dishipa dia dibaka kadiyi dia tshikisu kadiyi ne njiwu ya bukubi, KUPATUKI nansha kakese ne kulekela kufuta kuyi ne mukanda wa "Lease Release & Novation Addendum" mufunda. Mu dishipa dia dibaka dia pa tshibidilu mudiku kakuyi tshikisu tshia mu nzubu anyi dilondangana, kupatuka mu nzubu kudi kukushiya 100 pa lukama mu tshilumbu tshia difutshila. Shi mukajebe wa kale mushala ne mupangile bua kufuta nzubu, anyi mubenge bua kumbuka padi tshipungidi tshia nzubu tshijika (
holdover tenancy), muena nzubu neafile tshilumbu tshia diumusha mu nzubu ne nuenu bonso babidi. Kumpala kua kumbuka mu dibaka didi kadiyi ne tshikisu, yukila ne muena nzubu bua kuenza Roommate Release Addendum (udi uleja ne: muena dibaka udi mushale udi mukumbane ku makuta ende nkayende, anyi kupingana pa muaba wa muntu mukuabu udi mukumbane bua kupingana pa muaba wa muntu mukuabu) udi ukulekela patoke ku dibanza dionso dia matuku atshilualua. - Umbusha bibejibeji bionso bia difuta dia makuta, konte ya mudimu, ne bipese bia tshijadiki mu dituku diudi utuadija mudimu. Dituku didi dijika diebe dia mudimu dituadija (anyi dituku diudi utua tshiala pa mukanda wa dilekela dia muena nzubu), buela mu tshibuelelu tshia ku Enternete tshia nzubu (
AppFolio,Yardi,RealPage,Buildium) ne jimija konte webe wa ku banke (ACH) ne karte ka mfranga anyi ka mfranga nunku tshibuelelu katshiena mua kuenza mudimu wa difutshila nzubu mujima wa ngondo udi ulonda padi muntu uudi nende mukajende kayi ufuta to. Bikila bafidi ba nzembu, mafuta, mayi, ne internet bua kumbusha dina diebe ne nomba wa tshibutshilu tshiebe mu konte ya mudimu wa nzembu kubangila ku dituku diudi umbuka. - Enza tshikebelu tshia foto/video wa dipatuka bua kujikija dibanza diebe dia dinyanguka dia nzubu mu matuku atshilualua. Wewe mupatuke mu nzubu eku mukajebe wa kale mushale munda, mukajebe wa kale udi mua kuela mabue mu tshimanu, kunyanga tshilamba ne nyama ya mu nzubu, anyi kunyangakaja nzubu ngondo isambombo kunyima kua mpindieu. Kumpala kua kufila nsapi yebe kudi mulombodi wa nzubu, enza filme wa 4K udi ne tshimanyishilu tshia dîba tshia nzubu yonso, tshimanu, tshiamu tshia mudimu, ne tshilamba tshidi tshileja ne: nzubu uvua muimpe, kayi munyanguke dituku diuvua mupatuke.
Danger
Dikuba dia ku Enternete ne didimuija dia dilondangana kumpala kua kufila mamanyisha a dijikija dia tshipungidi. Paudi ushiya muena mudimu udi ukukokesha anyi udi ne tshikisu, tshikondo tshidi tshinyunguluke dishipa dia tshipungidi ne dipatuka dia mubidi ke tshikondo tshidi ne njiwu mikole ya dikokangana. Kumpala kua kutuma mukanda wa dijikija dia tshipungidi anyi kukeba nzubu mupiamupia: (1) Tangila telefone webe wa bianza, mashinyi ebe ne tshibombi tshieba bua kumona ni bintu bisokoka AirTags, Tile trackers, anyi shared Find My / Google Location permissions, (2) kushintulula e-mail webe ne mot de passe webe mu ditutu ku tshiamu tshikezuke, ne (3) kuambila muena nzubu webe mu mukanda ne: bilondeshile mikenji ya ditunga idi itangila tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, muena nzubu mmukandike kudi mikenji bua kuleja dimanyisha diebe, mukanda webe wa dianyisha wa muntu muisatu, anyi adrese webe mupiamupia wa dituma kudi muena mudimu nebe.
Mutshi wa mapangadika: Kupatuka mu tshipungidi tshia kufutshila anyi kulama nzubu kunyima kua dishipangana anyi lutatu lua bukubi¶
flowchart TD
A["Bidi bikengela kupatuka mu tshipungidi tshia nzubu anyi kumbusha muena mudimu nende kunyima kua dishipa dia dibaka anyi ntatu"] --> B{"Nsombelu udiku utangila tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, tshikisu tshia mu dibaka, dilondangana anyi dikengesha dia masandi anyi?"}
B -->|"Eyowa: Lutatu lua bukubi (Dikengesha dia ku mubidi, ditshinyisha, dilondangana anyi dinyangakaja dia malu a masandi)"| C{"Udi musue kumbuka mu nzubu anyi kushala ne kukanga muntu udi ukuenzela bibi anyi?"}
B -->|"Tòo: Ditapuluka dia pa tshibidilu didi kadiyi ne tshikisu / Dipatuka dia muena nzubu pamue"| D["Mikenji ya tshipungidi idi itangila: Bantu bonso babidi badi bafutshila nzubu badi bashala 'badi ne bujitu buonso' bua 100% ya bitadi bia nzubu"]
C -->|"Mushindu 1: Umbuka mu bukubi ne Umbushe dina dianyi ku tshipungidi"| E["Peta mukanda umua udi ukumbana: (A) TRO / Mukenji wa bukubi, (B) Luapolo lua bampulushi, NANSHA (C) Mukanda wa muntu muisatu / Munganga / Mufidi wa mibelu"]
C -->|"Mushindu 2: Shala mu nzubu ne kanga muntu udi ukuenzela bibi"| F["Peta mukanda wa bukubi ne 'Mukenji wa dibenga kusomba / dipatuka' + Kuambuluisha muena nzubu 24-Hr Statutory Lock Change Demand"]
E --> G["Upeshe muena nzubu 'Dimanyisha dia mikenji dia dijikija dia tshipungidi tshia kumpala' (Matuku 14 too ne ku 30 Anu a Nzubu wa Nzubu; Dinyoka dia $0; Muena nzubu udi ushala anu ne bujitu)"]
F --> H["Muena nzubu udi ne tshia kupingaja tshiibi tshia pambelu mu mêba 24-48 ne mmukandibue bua kufila tshifungu kudi muena nzubu udi kayi mubuela"]
D --> I{"Muena mudimu anyi muena nzubu udi mushale neambuluishe anyi?"}
I -->|"Muntu udi ushala udi upeta makuta a nzubu misangu isatu NANSHA udi upeta muntu mukuabu wa kusomba nende"| J["Tua tshiala pa 'Lease Release & Novation Addendum' 3-Way Kumbusha dina dia muena mudimu udi umbuka ne kupingaja tshitupa tshia makuta"]
I -->|"Bubidi buabu mbasue kumbuka NANSHA nansha umue wa kudibu kena mua kufuta nzubu mujima nkayende to"| K["Tshienzedi tshia 'mudimu wa mikenji wa kukepesha dinyanguka' wa muena nzubu: kufila nsapi pamue ne kumanyisha muntu udi mukumbane bua kupingana pa muaba wa nzubu"]
Track 1: Bijila bia tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, dilondangana, ne dikengesha dia masandi bidi bitangila dijikija dia tshipungidi tshia nzubu¶
Mu mikenji ya bantu bonso, muena nzubu udi mua kubenga kulekela muntu udibu benzele bibi bua kupatuka mu tshipungidi tshia ngondo 12 anyi kulomba makuta a ngondo ibidi bu difutu dia dishipa dia tshipungidi nansha mudi muoyo wa muena nzubu mu njiwu. Lelu, mukenji wa mbulamatadi wa malu a tshikisu udibu benzela bakaji (VAWA, 34 U.S.C. 12491) (udi utangila nzubu yonso idibu bambuluisha kudi mbulamatadi, mikanda ya tshitupa tshia 8, nzubu ya bantu bonso, ne bitadi bia nzubu ya bantu badi ne makuta makese [LIHTC] nzubu mu ditunga dijima) ne mikenji ya ditunga idi itangila dijikija dia mudimu kumpala kua dîba mu ditunga dionso ne mu provense yonso idi ipesha bena nzubu ba mu tshisalu tshia pa nkayabu bukenji bua bungi budi kabuyi mua kulekela bua kujikija midimu yabu ya difutshila nzubu kumpala kua dîba.
Malu atanu a bukubi a DV / Stalking Lease Termination Laws¶
- Ditapuluka dia tshitupa tshimue ("Ditapuluka") dia tshipungidi tshia buobumue:
- Pa tshibidilu, muntu umo kena mua kumbusha dina diende mu tshipungidi tshia nzubu kakuyi dianyisha dia muena nzubu ne dia muena nzubu mukuabu to.
- Muinshi mua mikenji ya ditunga ya DV/stalking lease termination, kuena dijinga ne tshiala anyi dianyisha dia muena nzubu nebe to, ne KUENA dijinga ne dianyisha dia muena nzubu to. Dimanyisha diebe dia mikenji didi dishipa mikenji (
bifurcates) dina diebe ne dibanza diebe dia tshipungidi tshia difutshila dia dituku dia dijikija, kushiya tshipungidi tshia muena nzubu udi mushale tshiyi tshinyanguke. - Tshikondo tshipi tshia dimanyisha (matuku 14 too ne ku 30) ne kakuyi dibanza dia kufutshila nzubu mu matuku atshilualua:
- Bilondeshile ditunga diebe anyi provense webe, dibanza diebe dia kufutshila nzubu didi dijika matuku 14, matuku 15, anyi matuku 30 panyima pa wewe mumane kufila mukanda wa dimanyisha ne mukanda wa dijadika kudi muena nzubu ne mumane kumbuka mu nzubu.
- Padi tshikondo tshipi etshi tshijika, udi ne dibanza dia $0 bua ngondo idi mishale ya tshipungidi tshia kufutshila, nansha biobi bishale ngondo 10 pa tshipungidi ne nansha mudi muena nzubu udibu bashiye mulekele kufuta bitadi bia nzubu.
- 100% Dikandika dia bitadi bia dishipa dia nzubu, bitadi bia dianyisha, anyi makuta adibu bajimije:
- Bamfumu ba nzubu badi bakandike kudi mikenji bua kukulomba bitadi bia dijikija dia mudimu kumpala kua dîba, bitadi bia dipingaja dia nzubu, bitadi bia dipingaja dia nzubu, anyi kulama makuta ebe a bukubi bua dishipa dia tshipungidi tshia nzubu kumpala kua dîba. Tshitupa tshionso tshia mu mukanda weba wa difutshila tshidi tshikeba kulekela anyi kunyoka bukenji ebu tshidi tshiyi ne mushinga ne katshiena mua kukumbajibua to.
- Kakuena luapolo lua bampulushi anyi dîyi dia ku kabadi didi dikengedibua ("Dijadika dia muntu muisatu didi dikumbane"):
- Mikenji ya bungi ya ditunga (mudi California, New York, Washington, Illinois, Colorado, Virginia, Oregon, Maryland, Minnesota, North Carolina, Massachusetts, ne Ontario/BC mu Canada) idi ikuanyishila bua kutuadija dijikija dia tshipungidi tshia kumpala kua dîba ku diambuluisha dia Dimanyisha difunda kudi muntu mukuabu udi mukumbane:
- Mufidi wa mibelu wa tshikisu tshia mu nzubu anyi wa malu a masandi / mufidi wa mibelu wa nzubu wa tshilala benyi;
- Munganga udi ne mukanda, munganga wa lungenyi, mumanyi wa malu a lungenyi, munganga udi mufundisha, anyi muambuluishi wa munganga;
- Muena mudimu wa malu a bantu udi ne mukanda wa mudimu (
LCSW), munganga wa malu a dibaka ne a dîku (LMFT), anyi mufidi wa mibelu wa malu a lungenyi; anyi - Mulombodi wa malu a mikenji anyi mufidi wa mibelu wa muntu udibu bakengesha.
- Dilama dia malu masokoka ne dikandika dia bantu badi bafutshila nzubu:
- Muena nzubu mmukandibue kudi mikenji bua kuleja malu adi mu mukanda webe wa muntu muisatu anyi adrese webe wa dituma kudi muena nzubu nebe, ne mmukandike bua kufila luapolo lua dishipa dia tshipungidi anyi malu mabi kudi biro bia dikonkonona dia nzubu (
SafeRent,RealPage,Experian RentBureau) anyi bamfumu ba nzubu ba matuku atshilualua.
Mikenji ya ditunga ne ya pa buloba bujima: Bikondo bia dimanyisha, bijadiki bidi bikumbane, ne mikenji ya dishintulula dia tshiibi¶
| Bukokeshi | Mikenji idi ilombola | Dimanya dia dididishi dia kupatuka mu tshipungidi | Tshijadiki tshiitabijibua (tshimue tshia ku bintu ebi) | Bukenji bua kushintulula tshiibi tshia mikenji (bikalaku) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | Cal. Tshitupa tshia meyi a tshididi 1946.7 (Dijikija) & 1941.5 / 1941.6 (Makunji) | matuku 14 dibanza dia bungi dia nzubu kunyima kua dimanyisha difunda (CC 1946.7(d)-(e)). Bidi bitangila DV, dikengesha dia masandi, dilondangana, dikengesha dia bakulumpe, disumbisha dia bantu, ne buenzavi bua tshikisu. |
1. Mukenji wa dikuba / wa dikuba; 2. Luapolo lua bampulushi; NANSHA 3. Dimanyisha dia muntu muisatu (mufidi wa mibelu wa DV, munganga, RN, mumanyi wa malu a meji, LCSW, LMFT). |
Mêba 24 (CC 1941.5 / 1941.6): Muena nzubu udi ne tshia kushintulula makunji a pambelu mu meba 24 a dilomba difunda + mukenji wa ku kabadi/luapolo lua bampulushi; shi muena nzubu mupangile, muena nzubu udi mua kushintulula makunji ne muena nzubu udi ne tshia kupingaja makuta mu matuku 21. |
| Texas | Tex. Tshitupa tshia mikenji ya bintu 92.016 (DV), 92.0161 (Dibunda dia masandi), 92.0162 (Dilondangana), & 92.015 | matuku 30 kunyima kua wewe mumane kufila dimanyisha ne mikanda (anyi dipatuka dia lukasa ne matuku 0 a kufutshila nzubu pikala muntu udi wenza bibi muikale muena nzubu ne wewe muleje mukanda wa bukubi [92.016(c)]). |
1. Mukenji wa Ex Parte wa tshitupa tshîpi anyi Mukenji wa bukubi; . |
Muinshi mua Tex. Prop. Code 92.156, muena nzubu udi mua kulomba muena nzubu bua kupingaja makunji a pambelu ku makuta a muena nzubu dîba kayi dionso; Shi muena nzubu udi mupatuke ku kabadi, muena nzubu kena mua kufila tshifungu kudi muena nzubu udi mupatuke to. |
| New York | NY Real Property Law Section 227-c & NY Real Prop. Acts. Mikenji 711 | matuku 30 dimanyisha; muena nzubu udi mulekeledibua ku dibanza dionso dia nzubu kunyima kua matuku 30 (RPL 227-c(1)). |
1. Mukenji wa bukubi wa tshitupa tshîpi anyi wa ndekelu; 2. Mukanda wa malu a mikenji / luapolo lua bampulushi; 3. Mukanda wa kudi muena mudimu wa bukola bua mubidi; NANSHA 4. Dijadika difunda dia kudi muntu muisatu mukumbane (mufidi wa mibelu wa DV/muakuidi, muena mudimu wa malu a bantu). |
Muena nzubu udi ne tshia kuitaba bua kushintulula tshiibi / kupingaja tshiibi padibu baleja mukenji wa bukubi udi kayi ne muntu udi musombe nende; muena nzubu kena mua kunyoka muntu udibu bashipe bua dibikila dia 911 (NY Civil Rights Law 98). |
| Florida | Fla. Stat. Tshitupa 83.682 & Miami-Dade / Broward / Orange County DV Ordinances; VAWA (34 U.S.C. 12491) | Tangila mikenji ya tshimenga + tshipungidi: Miami-Dade (Code 17-132) ne mikenji ya muaba udibu basombele idi ifila dijikija dia DV dia matuku 15 too ne ku 30, ne Fla. Stat. 741.30 udi upesha balumbuluishi bukokeshi bua kufila bumfumu bua nzubu udibu bafutshila ne kulomba muena tshilumbu bua kufuta nzubu. |
Mu Miami-Dade / mikenji ya musoko ne nzubu ya VAWA: Dilomba dia bukubi, luapolo lua bampulushi, anyi dianyisha dia nzubu wa DV. Mu ditunga dijima: Dilomba dia Mukenji wa dikuba (Fla. Stat. 741.30 / 784.046) kulomba muntu udi ukengesha bua kupatuka ne kulomba muntu udi ukengesha bua kufuta nzubu. |
Ne Florida Injunction for Protection (F.S. 741.30) kukupesha bumfumu nkayebe bua nzubu wa bantu bonso, udi ne bukenji bua kushintulula makunji ne kumbusha muntu udi musombe nende. |
| Illinois, Washington, Virginia, Colorado, & North Carolina | IL: Safe Homes Act (765 ILCS 750/)WA: RCW 59.18.575VA: Va. Code 55.1-1236CO: C.R.S. 38-12-402NC: N.C.G.S. 42-45.1 |
IL: Diakamue (matuku 3 a dimanyisha kunyima kua dishiya) muinshi mua Safe Homes Act (765 ILCS 750/15: udi ne dibanza dia 0 rent kunyima kua yeye mumane kumbuka bua njiwu idi pabuipi).WA: Ku ndekelu kua ngondu eu ( RCW 59.18.575).VA, CO, NC: 30 days max. |
Bonso badi bitaba: Mukenji wa bukubi wa ku kabadi, luapolo lua bampulushi, NANSHA Dimanyisha dia muntu muisatu didi dikumbane (munganga, DV/muakuidi wa malu a masandi, mfumu wa tshitendelelu, anyi mumanyi wa malu a lungenyi). | IL (765 ILCS 750/20), WA (RCW 59.18.585), VA (55.1-1230), NC (42-42.3): Dishintulula dia tshiibi tshia mêba 24 too ne ku 48** pa dilomba difunda; muena nzubu udi mua kushintulula makunji diakamue pikala muena nzubu mupangile. |
| Canada, UK, & Australie | PA: Mukenji wa difutshila dia nzubu, s. 47.1-47.3 (Form N15) BC: RTA s. 45.1 AB: RTA s. 47.3 UK: Domestic Abuse Act 2021 AU: NSW RTA 2010 s. 105B |
Ontario (Form N15): matuku 28 dimanyisha.BC & Alberta: Matuku 30 dimanyisha. Australia (NSW, QLD, WA): Dijika dia lukasa / matuku 7 ku diambuluisha dia DV Termination Notice. UK: Mukenji wa mudimu anyi mudimu wa kumpala wa bantu badi kabayi ne nzubu. |
Ontario: Mufunda Formulaire N15 + Mukenji wa ku kabadi NANSHA Mêyi a muena nzubu adi atangila tshikisu tshia masandi anyi tshia mu nzubu. BC, AB, & Australia: Mukanda mufunda kudi mumanyi (munganga, munganga, muena mudimu wa malu a bantu, mudimu wa DV, anyi bampulushi). |
Mu Ontario, BC, Alberta, UK, ne Australia, muntu udi mupanduke udi upeta mukanda wa dianyisha dia kuikala ne bintu anyi udi ufila mukanda wa DV udi umbusha muenji wa bualu udi mua kushintulula diakamue makunji. |
Tip
Tangila mikenji ya Illinois "Safe Homes Act" (765 ILCS 750/15) 3-Day Immediate Exit Rule: Illinois udi ne umue wa ku mikenji mikole ya bena nzubu ya tshimpitshimpi pa buloba bujima. Wewe (anyi muntu wa mu nzubu) mupeta njiwu ya tshikisu tshia mu nzubu anyi tshia masandi mu nzubu, udi mua kulongolola bintu biebe, kumbuka mu nzubu, ne kupesha muena nzubu mukanda wa dimanyisha kumpala anyi mu matuku 3 KUNYIMA kua dipatuka, ne udi ne tshijadiki tshikole tshia kubenga kufuta 'tshikondo tshiudi mupatuke mu nzubu.
Copy-and-paste templates: Statutory DV Lease Termination Notice & Qualified Third Party Certification¶
Tshilejelu 1: Dimanyisha dia muena nzubu dia dijikija dia tshipungidi tshia kumpala kua dîba (fila kudi muena nzubu ne mukanda udi umuanyishila)¶
CONFIDENTIAL - PROTECTED UNDER STATE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TENANT PRIVACY LAW
DO NOT DISCLOSE TO CO-TENANT OR THIRD PARTIES
DELIVERED VIA CERTIFIED MAIL AND EMAIL
Date: [TODAY'S DATE]
TO: [LANDLORD / PROPERTY MANAGEMENT COMPANY NAME]
[ADDRESS & EMAIL]
FROM: [YOUR FULL NAME]
RE: STATUTORY NOTICE TO TERMINATE TENANCY & SEVER JOINT LEASE LIABILITY
Premises: [APARTMENT STREET ADDRESS AND UNIT NUMBER]
Dear [Landlord / Property Manager Name]:
Pursuant to state landlord-tenant law governing early lease termination for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or violent crime (e.g., Cal. Civ. Code 1946.7 / NY RPL 227-c / Tex. Prop. Code 92.016 / WA RCW 59.18.575 / 765 ILCS 750/15 / federal VAWA 34 U.S.C. 12491), I am providing formal written notice that I am terminating my tenancy and severing my individual liability from the lease for the above-referenced apartment due to acts of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking against me or a member of my household.
1. QUALIFYING STATUTORY DOCUMENTATION ENCLOSED: Attached to this notice is a copy of my qualifying verification document as permitted by statute: [check one: ( ) Protective / Restraining Order; ( ) Law Enforcement Incident Report; or ( ) Signed Statement from a Qualified Third Party (Advocate / Healthcare / Mental Health Professional)].
2. EFFECTIVE TERMINATION DATE & PRORATED RENT: I will vacate and surrender my possession and keys to the unit on or before [DATE]. Pursuant to statute, my obligation to pay rent terminates completely on [STATUTORY END DATE, e.g., 14 days or 30 days from today], and I am discharged from any liability for future rent, early termination fees, reletting fees, or damages occurring after I vacate.
3. CO-TENANT STATUS & STRICT CONFIDENTIALITY MANDATE: This notice terminates ONLY my tenancy and removes my name from the lease. Under state law, you are strictly prohibited from disclosing this notice, the attached certification, or my new forwarding address to the remaining co-tenant(s) or any third party, and prohibited from reporting this statutory termination negatively to any tenant screening agency.
Please send any correspondence regarding my release and security deposit accounting to my confidential safe mailing/email address: [SAFE EMAIL OR P.O. BOX / TRUSTED FRIEND'S ADDRESS].
Sincerely,
____________________________________
[YOUR SIGNATURE & PRINTED NAME]
Enclosures: Statutory Verification Document
Tshilejelu 2: mukanda wa dianyisha dia muntu muisatu (bua mufidi wa mibelu, munganga, munganga, muena mudimu wa malu a bantu, anyi mufidi wa mibelu wa bantu badibu bakengesha kutua tshiala)¶
CONFIDENTIAL QUALIFIED THIRD-PARTY VERIFICATION STATEMENT FOR STATUTORY LEASE TERMINATION
(Modeled on Cal. Civ. Code 1946.7(b)(3) / NY RPL 227-c / WA RCW 59.18.575)
PART I - STATEMENT BY TENANT:
I, [TENANT'S FULL NAME], state that I, or a member of my household, have been a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, human trafficking, or stalking, and I am seeking to terminate my residential tenancy at [APARTMENT ADDRESS] for safety reasons.
Signature of Tenant: ___________________________ Date: _______________
PART II - STATEMENT BY QUALIFIED THIRD PARTY:
I, [NAME OF PROFESSIONAL / ADVOCATE], state as follows:
1. I am a [check one: ( ) Domestic Violence / Sexual Assault Counselor or Victim Advocate; ( ) Physician, Psychiatrist, Physician Assistant, or Registered Nurse; ( ) Licensed Psychologist, Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), or Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT)].
2. My license/registration number (or the name of the victim service organization / healthcare facility where I work) is: [LICENSE # OR ORGANIZATION NAME, ADDRESS, & PHONE].
3. [TENANT'S FULL NAME] stated to me that they, or a member of their household, is a victim of an act or crime of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or abuse, and requested assistance or counseling in connection with that abuse.
Signature of Qualified Third Party: ___________________________ Date: _______________
Printed Name & Title: [PRINTED NAME & TITLE]
Track 2: Non-Violent Breakups: Mushindu kayi wa kupanduka ku "Joint and Several Liability" padi muena dibaka nende wa kale umbuka (anyi ubenga bua kuya)¶
Netuambe tshinyi pikala ditapuluka dienu kadiyi ne tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, ditshinyisha, anyi dilondangana, ne wewe ne muena dibaka nebe wa kale nutshidi anu ne ngondo 7 ya difutshila dia nzubu pamue dia $2,600/ngondo?
Mona bulelela bua mikenji ya tshipungidi tshia mudimu tshia pa tshibidilu, ne malu adibu ne bua kuenza bua kukuba konte webe wa ku banke ne tshipeta tshiebe tshia mfranga:
1. Bua tshinyi "Kupatuka patupu" kudidishipa dia makuta kakuyi dilekela dia muena nzubu¶
Shi dina diebe ne dia muena dibaka nebe wa kale bidi pa mukanda wa difutshila:
- Kudi muena nzubu, udi tshibombi tshimue: Muinshi mua Joint and Several Liability, muena nzubu kena uditatshisha bua se: nuenu babidi nuvua bitabe bua kuabanya makuta a nzubu 50/50, ne muena nzubu kena uditatshisha bua muntu uvua mupatuke to.
- Wewe mupatuke mu ngondo muisatu ne mukajebe wa kale mushale mu nzubu, mufute ngondo muinayi ne muitanu, ne pashishe ulekela kufuta nzubu mu ngondo muisambombo, muena nzubu neafile Dilomba dia diumusha (Unlawful Detainer) ne Dilumbuluisha dia disangisha kudi ex webe NE wewe.
- Mu matunga makuabu, pikala muena nzubu webe mushale kunyima kua ndekelu kua ngondo 12 ya tshipungidi tshia kufutshila nzubu ne mukudimune tshipungidi etshi mu tshipungidi tshia ngondo ku ngondo kayi muele tshiala pa tshipungidi tshipiatshipia, badi mua kukukoka ku kabadi anu wewe mufundile muena nzubu mukanda wa Dimanyisha dia dibenga kupingaja ne difila dia bintu nansha matuku 30 kumpala kua tshipungidi tshia kufutshila kujika.
2. Njila 4 ya kunyema idi mianyishibue mu dishipa dia dibaka didi kadiyi ne tshikisu¶
| Tshilejilu | Mayele mimpe a mikenji | Mua kuenza lelu |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Muena dibaka umue udi musue kusomba ne udi mua kusumba nzubu nkayende | Three-Way "Roommate Release & Lease Modification Addendum" (Novation) | Bena mudimu bonso babidi badi bayukila ne biro bia difutshila bintu pamue. Muntu udi ushala nende udi ufila mikanda ya difutu idi ileja ne: udi ukumbaja tshipiminu tshia makuta a muena nzubu (pa tshibidilu 2,5x too ne ku 3x a nzubu wa ku ngondo). Bantu bonso basatu badi batua tshiala pa mukanda wa dibeji dimua Roommate Release Addendum udi umbusha dina dia muena dibaka udi umbuka kubangila ku dituku kampanda. (Difutu dia bukubi didi dishala mu nzubu; muena dibaka udi ne tshia kufuta muena dibaka udi umbuka tshitupa tshiabu tshia 50% diakamue padibu batua tshiala pa mukanda wa dipatuka.) |
| 2. Muena dibaka umue udi musue kusomba, udi dijinga ne muntu mupiamupia wa kusomba nende bua kufuta nzubu | Dishintulula dia muena nzubu / mudimu | Kumpala kua kupatuka, keba muntu wa kusomba nende udi mukumbane udi upita mu tshikebelu tshia muena nzubu ne utua tshiala pa mukanda wa Roommate Substitution Addendum udi wangata muaba webe mu mukanda wa difutshila nzubu ne ukupingajila buludiludi tshitupa tshia makuta audi mufute. |
| 3. Muntu nansha umue kena mua kusumba nzubu nkayende to, ne bonso babidi badi bitaba bua kuya | Difila dia kumpala kua dîba + Dijula dia "mudimu wa mikenji wa kukepesha dinyanguka" dia muena nzubu | Kulekedi muena dibaka umue udi munyanguke munda mua nzubu udi usangisha makuta a nzubu adi kaayi mafuta to. Pamutu pa nanku, bena mudimu bonso babidi badi bapatuka pamue, basukula nzubu, bapingaja nfungulu yonso kudi muena nzubu, ne balomba Mudimu wa muena nzubu wa kujikija bilumbu (udibu batumikila mu 44+ matunga a mu États-Unis, kusangisha ne CA Civ. Code 1951.2, TX Prop. Code 1951.2, 1951., 2017 * 2007. IL 735 ILCS 5/9-213.1, WA, FL, ne mu Canada mujima). Panudi nufila nsapi, muena nzubu udi mulomba kudi mikenji bua kuenza muende muonso bua kupingaja nzubu, ne dibanza dienu didi dijika dituku didi muena nzubu mupiamupia ulua. Enzayi bualu ebu lukasa pa kuela nzubu ku Enternete nuenu nkayenu ne kupesha muena nzubu bantu 3 badi bakumbane bua kupingana pa muaba wa nzubu. |
| 4. Muntu webe wa kale ukadi mupatuke, ubenga kufuta tshitupa tshiende, ne wewe udi mubuele munda | Futa lupetu luonso lua nzubu bua kulama mfranga yebe + Sumba ex ku kabadi ka bilumbu bikese bua "difila / dishipa dia tshipungidi tshia nzubu" | KUFUTI anu "tshitupa tshiebe tshia 50%" kudi muena nzubu; Muena nzubu neabenge difuta dia tshitupa ne neanuipate nuenu bonso babidi mu matuku 14. Pamutu pa: (a) futa bitadi bionso bia nzubu (anyi peta muntu wa kusomba nende bua tshitupa tshîpi bua kubuikila nzubu udi kayi ne muntu), (b) ulame mesaje onso, malu a kale a Venmo/Zelle, ne mukanda wa difutshila udi uleja ne: mukajebe uvua muitabe bua kufuta 50% ya bitadi bia nzubu ne bintu bia mudimu, ne © **funda muena dibaka nebe wa kale ku kabadi kakese bua 50% ya dolare yonso ivuaye kayi mufute (000)Equitable Contribution). Nansha mudiku kakuyi mukanda wa diumvuangana dia nzubu umue, tubadi tudi tulomba bua kufila mapa 50/50 pankatshi pa bantu badi batua tshiala pamue pa tshipungidi tshia nzubu. |
Warning
Ikala mudimuke bua "Buteyi bua dipingana dia ngondo ku ngondo" paudi umbuka. Nansha mudi muena nzubu webe mubenge bua kumbusha dina diebe mu tshikondo tshia ngondo 12 tshia difutshila bualu muena dibaka nebe wa kale kena mukumbane bua kupeta makuta ende nkayende to, udi ne bukenji buonso bua kubenga kupingaja tshipungidi tshia difutshila padi tshikondo tshia ngondo 12 tshijika. Tumina muena nzubu mukanda ku diambuluisha dia USPS Certified Mail (Return Receipt Requested) udi wamba ne: "Numanye ne: ndi mupatuke mu nzubu ku [Adrese] ne tshiena ngitaba bua kupingaja, kualabaja anyi kulama mukanda wa kufutshila ku ngondo ku ngondo udi ujika mu [Dituku dia [Partner]. Dîna] didi dishala mu nzubu kunyima kua [Dituku dia ndekelu dia difutshila], didi muinshi mua difutshila dikuabu dindi tshiyi ne dibanza nansha dimue." Mu Royaume-Uni (Sims v Dacorum Borough Council].
Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶
| Ditunga / Tshitupa | Mashinyi a tshimpitshimpi ne a njiwu ya DV | Bamfumu ba nzubu ne bintu bia diambuluisha nabi mu mikenji |
|---|---|---|
| États-Unis | 911 (Tshilumbu tshia lukasa); Tshiamu tshia ditunga tshia malu a tshikisu tshia mu nzubu: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) anyi mukanda "START" ku 88788; Tshiamu tshia RAINN tshia malu a masandi: 1-800-656-4673 |
U.S. Tshibambalu tshia nzubu ne dikolesha dia bimenga (HUD) (VAWA makokeshi a nzubu ne mushindu HUD-5382 Dianyisha); Tshibambalu tshia midimu ya mikenji (lsc.gov) / LawHelp.org bua ba avocat ba DV ba tshianana; WomensLaw.org bijila bia ditunga ne ditunga. |
| Canada | 911 (Tshilumbu tshia lukasa); ShelterSafe Canada: sheltersafe.ca; Tshiamu tshia diambuluisha dia bakaji badibu bakengesha (ON): 1-866-863-0511; VictimLinkBC: 1-800-563-0808 |
Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) (Form N15, 28-day confidential exit); BC Residential Tenancy Branch (Form RTB-49); Alberta SafeTenancies (alberta.ca/safer-spaces-certificate). |
| Bukalenge bua ditunga | 999 anyi 112 (Mu tshimpitshimpi: fina 55 pa telefone wa 999 wewa kuyi mua kuakula [Silent Solution]); Tshiamu tshia diambuluisha tshia tshisokomenu: 0808 2000 247 |
Mukenji wa dikengesha dia mu nzubu wa 2021 (udi ufila Dijinga dia kumpala bua diambuluisha dia bantu badi kabayi ne nzubu mu tshipangu bilondeshile Mukenji wa nzubu wa 1996); Family Law Act 1996 Occupation Orders (kabadi kadi mua kumbusha muntu udi wenza bibi ne kufila nzubu); Shelter UK (0808 800 4444). |
| Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu | 112 (Tshilumbu tshia lukasa); 116 016 (Tshiamu tshia diambuluisha tshia UE bua bantu badi bakengeshibua kudi bakaji) | EU Directive (EU) 2024/1385 ne national Civil Codes (e.g., German Gewaltschutzgesetz (GewSchG) Tshitupa 2 tshidi tshifila bukokeshi bua nzubu wa tshilala benyi kudi muena tshibawu; France Ordnance de protection). |
| Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande | 000 (AU) / 111 (NZ); 1800RESPECT (AU): 1800 737 732; NZ Women's Refuge: 0800 733 843 |
Australia: NSW Residential Tenancies Act 2010 s. 105B (dimanyisha dia lukasa dia dijikija dia DV; kakuyi difutu dia dikisha); QLD RTA Form 20; VCAT (Victoria) malomba. New Zealand: RTA 1986 Section 56B (2-day Family Violence Withdrawal Notice). |
Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶
Meme muenze mudimu ne mikenji ya tshikisu tshia mu nzubu anyi ya dilondangana bua kumbusha dina dianyi mu tshipungidi tshia nzubu, muena dibaka nanyi wa kale udi mua kuipatshibua diakamue anyi, anyi badi ne bua kufuta 100% ya nzubu mpindieu?¶
Paudi ufila mukanda wa dijikija dia tshipungidi tshia DV, mukanda webe udi ushipa anu dina diebe ne dibanza diebe dia makuta ku tshipungidi tshia difutshila kunyima kua matuku 14 to ne ku 30. Kabiena bipata muena nzubu nebe udi mushale to (pa kumbusha padi muena nzubu umuipata nkayende bua dienza dia bualu bubi mu nzubu anyi bua dibenga kufuta bitadi bia nzubu). Padibu bumbusha dina diebe mu dituku dia dijikija dia mudimu, muena nzubu udi mushale ke udi ne bujitu bua kufuta bitadi bionso bia ku ngondo yeye mushale, ne pikalaye mupangile bua kufuta pashishe, dina diebe kadiena mua kuikala mu mukanda wa diumusha to.
Ntshinyi tshidi tshienzekela tshitupa tshia makuta anyi a bukubi pandi nshipa tshipungidi tshia nzubu kumpala kua dîba bilondeshile mikenji ya malu a tshikisu tshia mu nzubu?¶
Muinshi mua mikenji ya DV ya dijikija dia nzubu (bu mudi Californie Civil Code 1946.7(f) ne Washington RCW 59.18.575), pikala muntu uudi musombe nende ushala mu nzubu, muena nzubu udi ne bua kulama makuta a bukubi too ne padi tshikondo tshionso tshia difutshila tshijika ne padi muntu yonso umbuka mu nzubu. Ino, muena nzubu kena mua kukosa tshintu nansha tshimue ku makuta a tshibutshilu bu dinyoka dia diumusha diebe dia mudimu kumpala kua dîba to. Padi muntu udi mushale mupatuke mu nzubu (anyi binuikala nuenu bonso babidi mupatuke mpindieu), muena nzubu udi ne bua kupingaja makuta avuaye mufute mu matuku 14 anyi 30 ku adrese webe wa dituma dia bintu.
Ndi mua kushintulula makunji a nzubu nkayanyi butuku ebu pikala muena dibaka nanyi wa kale muntshinyishe, nansha meme tshiyi muanji kuya ku kabadi bua kupeta mukanda wa dikuba anyi?¶
Shi dina dia muena dibaka nebe dia kale didi pa mukanda wa difutshila (anyi pikalaye musombele mu nzubu matuku 30+) ne kuyi muanji kupeta mukanda wa ku kabadi wa dikuba dia tshitupa tshîpi (TRO) anyi wa dikuba dia tshimpitshimpi dia bampulushi (EPO) udi ubapatula mu nzubu, kushintulula makunji a muena nzubu nebe udi udimona bu dibenga kudiambuluisha. Pamutu pa nanku, bikila bampulushi anyi ndaku ku kabadi ka dîku anyi ka bantu bonso mu dinda (anyi lomba mukenji wa bukubi wa tshimpitshimpi wa mpulushi wa mêba 24 ku diambuluisha dia bampulushi butuku ebu) ne kazubu ka "Move-Out / Residence Exclusion" kafunda. Dîba didi mulumbuluishi utua tshiala pa mukanda wa tshimpitshimpi udi ubenga mukajebe mu adrese, wewe ne muena nzubu webe nudi ne bukokeshi bua kupingaja makunji diakamue ne kubabenga bua kubuela.
Baledi banyi bakafunda bu "Bafidi ba mikanda / Bafidi ba mikanda" pa nzubu umvua musombele ne mukajanyi wa kale. Meme muye, baledi banyi badiku mua kufuta nzubu wa ex anyi?¶
Wewe mupatuke mu tshipungidi tshia nzubu bilondeshile mikenji ya tshikisu tshia mu nzubu, dilondangana anyi dikengesha dia masandi, mikenji ya ditunga idi ijimija dibanza diebe dia kufutshila nzubu, ne mufidi wa tshijadiki uvua mujadike mabanza ebe udi ne bua kutuma mukanda wa dimanyisha udi ujikija tshipungidi tshiende mu dituku diudi ne bua kupatuka. Mu ditapuluka dia dibaka didi kadiyi ne tshikisu, pikala muledi webe mutue tshiala pa mukanda wa tshipungidi tshia tshipungidi tshidi tshitangila tshipungidi tshijima, muledi webe udi ne bua kuikala ne bujitu bua makuta a nzubu adi muena dibaka nebe wa kale kayi mufute, pa kumbusha: (1) wewe muenze tshipungidi tshia 3-way Lease Release tshikumbusha wewe ne mufidi webe wa tshijadiki, anyi (2) muledi webe mufile mukanda wa diumusha dia tshipungidi tshia tshipungidi tshia dipingaja dia tshipungidi tshionso tshia kumpala anyi tshijadiki tshiabu tshidi tshijika padi ngondo 12 ya ntuadijilu ijika.
Netuambe tshinyi meme ne muena dibaka nanyi wa kale tuetu basumbe bintu bia mu nzubu, TV anyi mbwa pamue, anyi mukajanyi wa kale mubenge bua meme kupingana mu nzubu bua kuangata bilamba bianyi ne mukanda wa dibuela?¶
Kubuedi nkayebe mu nzubu wa muena dibaka nende wa kale bua kukokangana bua bilamba, bintu bia nzembu anyi nyama ya mu nzubu to. Ma ID eba a mbulamatadi, passport, mukanda wa diledibua, manga, tshiamu tshia ku mudimu, bilamba, ne bintu bia bana bidi bintu biebe bia pa nkayebe. Bikila bampulushi ba muaba unudi anyi ku telefone wa sheriff udi kayi wa tshimpitshimpi ne ulombe Civil Standby ("Keep the Peace" escort): mpulushi udi muvuale bilamba bia mvita neaye nebe too ne ku tshiibi tshia nzubu bua wewe kumona mua kulongolola bintu biebe bia mushinga mukole. Bua bintu bia mu tshisumbu bidi ne mpata (bu mudi: ditanda dia bantu bonso, televizion anyi nyama wa mu nzubu), ubifunde ne mikanda ya dipeta dia bintu ne uleje bumfumu ku kabadi ka malu makese anyi ku kabadi ka dîku.
Malu adi apetangana¶
- Mikenji ya kukandika, mikenji ya bukubi, ne mikenji ya tshimpitshimpi
- Dilekela dia muena nzubu, difutshila dia nzubu didi kadiyi difuta, ne dishipa dia nzubu
- Dipatuka mu nzubu mu mushindu udi kauyi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji ne dikuba dia muena nzubu
- Tshiamu tshia GPS ne tshiamu tshia AirTag tshia kulonda natshi bantu
Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶
- Mikenji ya ditunga dia États-Unis, tshiena bualu tshia 34, tshitupa tshia 12491: Mukenji wa tshikisu tshidibu benzela bakaji (VAWA) Mikenji ya dikuba dia nzubu ne ya dikosolola dia nzubu; ne HUD Form HUD-5382.
- Mudimu wa mikenji ya nzubu ya ditunga (NHLP): Mukanda wa malu a dijikija dia nzubu kumpala kua dîba ne mikenji ya dishintulula dia nzubu (Cal. Civ. Code 1946.7, NY RPL 227-c, Tex. Prop. Code 92.016, 765 ILCS 750/).
- WomensLaw.org (NNEDV): Mikenji ya nzubu ne bukubi bua bena nzubu bua badi bapanduka.
- Kabadi ka Ontario (Canada): Mukenji wa nzubu, 2006 bitupa 47.1 - 47.3 ne formilere N15.
- UK Ministry of Housing and Shelter UK: Domestic Abuse Act 2021 Homelessness Guidance and Family Law Act 1996 Occupation Orders.