OSHA / Mutangidi wa malu a bukubi ku tshiibi tshia mudimu ne dimanyisha dia njiwu dia mêba 8 / mêba 24¶

Bilumbu bibidi bia tshimpitshimpi bidi mua kukuata tshiapu tshionso tshia dienza bintu, muaba wa mudimu wa luibaku, nzubu wa dilamina bintu, lupitadi, anyi nzubu wa bungenda kakuyi dimanyisha: njiwu mikole ya ku mudimu** (lufu lua muena mudimu, dibuela mu lupitadi mu lupitadi, dikosa dia tshianza anyi dikasa, anyi dijimija dia dîsu) bidi mua kufikisha ku difila dia luapolo lua mêba 24 anyi 24 mêba a mbulamatadi dîba**, anyi Mulombodi wa malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (CSHO) wa mu tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (OSHA) anyi tshibambalu tshia malu a muaba udibu basombele (EPA / DEQ wa ditunga) udi ulua kuyi mumanyishe ku biro biebe bia diakidila benyi uleja tshimanyinu ne ulomba bua kutangila nzubu mpindieu. Kuenza mudimu bibi ne minite 60 ya kumpala (bu mudi kujimija dîba dia ndekelu dia kufila luapolo dia mêba 24 mu mêba makese, kulekela mutangidi wenda wenda mu nzubu mujima kayi ne muntu udi umulombola pambelu pa tshilumbu tshikese, kubenga kuangata foto mibidi ya ku luseke ne ku luseke ne bilejilu bia bukezuke bua mudimu, anyi kuanyishila mulombodi wa tshiapu bua kufila tshiapu tshidi katshiyi tshileja dianyisha difunda) didi mua kukudimuna tshibawu tshimue tshia \(16,131 mu **\)161,323 tshia budisuile anyi tshia kabidi** anyi dituma dia tshibawu tshia mbulamatadi bilondeshile tshitupa tshia 17(e) tshia mukenji wa OSH.

Bikala njiwu ya ku mudimu, dipatuka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, dikosa dia mubidi, anyi bualu bua lukasa bua luondapu budi buenzeka mpindieu, ikala ne njiwu ne ubikile kumpala ku nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni; tangila bionso nomba ya tshimpitshimpi). Bua kupeta mishindu ya muomumue ya mudimu ne ya malu a mikenji, bala dikonkonona ne dikonkonona dia bukubi bua muaba wa mudimu, disama dia muena mudimu ku mudimu ne dibanza, ne kuandamuna ku tshilumbu tshia bungenda, dibikila dia ku kabadi, anyi dilekela dia mikenji.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Panyima pa disama dikole dia ku mudimu, udi mua kuanji kupeta luondapu, kukanga muaba uvua njiwu mienzekele, ne kutangila dîba dia 8-Hour / 24-Hour OSHA Reporting Clock (29 CFR 1904.39). Muinshi mua mikenji ya mbulamatadi ya OSHA 29 CFR 1904.39 (ne nansha mikenji mikole ya 8-hour mu ditunga dia ditunga Cal/OSHA), mfumu yonso wa mudimu (kusangisha ne midimu mikese idi ne bena mudimu ba muinshi mua 10 anyi mu midimu idi kayiyi ne njiwu ya bungi idi kayiyi ne bua kulonda mikanda ya OSHA 300) udi ne bua kumanyisha OSHA: (a) lufu luonso ludi lufumina ku mudimu mu mêba 8, ne (b) lufu luonso ludi lufumina ku mudimu dibuela mu lupitadi lua 1, anyi kupita apu (kusangisha ne dikosa dia munu ne anyi kakuyi dijimija dia mifuba), anyi dijimija dia dîsu mu mêba 24 pa kubikila 1-800-321-OSHA (1-800-321-6742) anyi kutuma luapolo lua malu manene a ku Enternete ku osha.gov.
2. Padi muena mudimu wa OSHA anyi wa EPA udi kayi mumanyishibua ufika ku tshiibi, umuteke mu nzubu wa tshisangilu wa kumpala ne ulombe bua mulombodi webe wa malu a bukubi / mufidi wa mibelu wa mikenji ikale ne kanemu ka minite 30 too ne ku 45. Kulekedi muena mudimu wa kuakidila bantu anyi mutangidi wa mudimu wela muena mudimu tshianza buludiludi pa tshisasa to. Tangila mukanda wa mbulamatadi wa mutangidi U.S. Tshibambalu tshia mudimu / Tshibambalu tshia ditunga tshia foto, fotokopi anyi funda dina diabu dijima, tshimanyishilu tshiabu, ne biro bia muaba udibu basombele, ne amba ne bupole buonso ne: *"Mikenji ya kumpanyi wetu idi ilomba bua muena mudimu wetu wa malu a bukubi / mufidi wa mibelu bua kubuela mu tshisangilu tshia ntuadijilu. Badi mu njila ne nebalue muaba eu mu minite 30; tudi mua kukulomba bua kuikala bimpe mu nzubu wa tshisangilu eu * pa tshibidilu." Kuindila minite 30 too ne ku 60.
3. Mu tshikondo tshia tshisangilu tshia ntuadijilu, lomba bua kumona mukanda wa dilomba anyi dituma dia muena mudimu ne kuenza "Tshitupa tshia dikonkonona dia tshitupa anyi tshia tshipatshila" (kuitaba nansha kakese bua kuenza luendu lua ku tshimanu ne ku tshimanu). Muinshi mua dishintulula dinayi (Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc., 436 U.S.A.), muntu udi kayi mua kubuela anyi kukonkonona patoke. miaba ya mudimu kuyi ne dianyisha diebe dia budisuile anyi mukanda wa dikonkonona dia malu a mbulamatadi. Pamutu pa kulomba mukanda wa dianyisha (pa kumbusha padibu bafila mibelu kudi mufidi wa mibelu mu tshipupu tshinene), ufila dianyisha didi dishikila anu ku tshiamu kampanda, nzubu anyi njiwu idibu baleje mu difunda dia tshilumbu, ulombola mutangidi wa malu mu njila mutambe bululame (nansha wenda wenda pambelu pa nzubu) bua kabapitshi mu milongo ya dienza dia bintu idi kayiyi ipetangana muaba udibu mua kuikala ne bilejilu bia "Plain View" mupatula.
4. Ela muena mudimu mulongesha bua kuikala ku tshianza tshia mutangidi wa mudimu bua 100 pa lukama wa luendu ne wangate foto, mavideo ne bipiminu bia muomumue "Ku luseke ne ku luseke". Kulekedi muena mudimu nkayende nansha kakese munkatshi mua masekonde 60 to. Dîba dionso didi mutangidi wangata foto wa mulami wa mashinyi, upima bule bua tshimanu, anyi wangata filme, muena mudimu webe udi ne bua kuimana ku angle wa muomumue ne kuangata foto wa muomumue ne foto wa angle mualabale (ne dibala diebe dia bande) bua tshisumbu tshiebe tshia dilumbuluisha tshimanye tshitupa tshionso tshia bijadiki bidi mu dosie wa tshibambalu.
5. Manya dishilangana didi pankatshi pa nkonko ya "Muena mudimu udi kayi wa mulombodi wa dîba" (ya pa nkaya) ne ya "Mulombodi / Mulombodi / Mulombodi" (KAYIYI ya pa nkayebe, bualu udi ne bukenji bua kuikala ne mufidi wa mibelu). Etshi ke tshiteyi #1 tshia mikenji mu tshikondo tshia dikonkonona dia OSHA: bilondeshile tshitupa tshia 8(a) tshia mukenji wa OSH, muena mudimu udi ne bukenji bua kuela nkonko kudi muntu udi kayi mulombodi ** bena mudimu ba pa dîba** pa nkayabu (bikala muena mudimu witaba). Ino, kintu kyo kyonso mulombodi, mulombodi, mulombodi wa tshiapu, nansha mulombodi udi wambila mutangidi wa OSHA i ditaba dia mikenji dia kumpanyi nkayende, dijadika "dimanya" dia mfumu wa mudimu dia dishipa dia mikenji. Kuitabi nansha kakese mutangidi wa mudimu bua kuebeja mulombodi anyi mulombodi nkayende anyi mu nzubu wa mudimu; lomba bua nkonko yonso ya balombodi ikale milongolola ne bafidi ba mibelu ba kumpanyi badiku.
6. Kuena ne bua kupatula malu a budisuile a bukubi bua munda, luapolo lua dijimija dia bintu bia mu assurance, anyi mikanda ya dikonkonona dia malu adi menzeke to; ufila anu mikanda ya OSHA 300, 300A, ne 301 (mu mêba 4 a mudimu). Muinshi mua 29 CFR 1904.40(a), udi ne mêba 4 a mudimu bua kufila kopi ya bidimu 3 too ne ku 5 bia ndekelu bia OSHA Form 300, 300A, ne 301. Bua mikanda mikuabu yonso idibu balomba (programe ya Lockout/Tagout mifunda, mikanda ya Hazard Communication SDS, mikanda ya dilongesha, mikanda ya dilama dia biamu), lomba mutangidi wa malu bua kukupesha mukanda wa mikanda mifunda ku ndekelu kua dituku bua tshisumbu tshiebe tshia malu a bukubi ne mufidi webe wa mibelu bamone dibeji dionso bua kumona ni mbimpe ne bimanyinu bia bungenda kumpala kua kubipatula.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Dimanyisha dia njiwu mikole (8h / 24h) ne dikonkonona dia OSHA didi kadiyi dimanyishibua¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Tshilumbu tshia bukubi ku mudimu: Disama dikole/Njiwu NANSHA Mutangidi ku tshiibi"] --> CrisisType{"Mbualu kayi bua tshimpitshimpi budi buenzeka mpindieu?"}

    CrisisType -->|"1. Njiwu mikole ya ku mudimu (lufu, dibuela mu lupitadi, dikosa dia mubidi, dijimija dia mêsu)"| MedFirst["1. Bikila 911/112/999 ne ufila diambuluisha dia kumpala dia lukasa 2. Kanga tshintu tshidi mua kufikisha ku njiwu ne kuela tshilamba pambelu pa muaba wa bualu 3. Umanyishe muena mikenji diakamue"]
    MedFirst --> ClockCheck{"Ntshinyi tshivua tshipeta tshia luondapu (mu matuku 30 a lufu / 24h a disama)?"}
    ClockCheck -->|"Lufu lua mudimu"| EightHour["DÎBA DIA 8 DIA KUENZA (29 CFR 1904.39): Luapolo mu meba 8 kunyima kua kumanya lufu (Bidi bitangila bamfumu bonso ba mudimu, nansha bena mudimu <10)"]
    ClockCheck -->|"Dibuela mu lupitadi (dilama/diondapa), dikosa dia dîsu, anyi dijimija dia dîsu"| TwentyFour["Dîba dia 24-HOUR (Cal/OSHA = 8 Hours): Luapolo mu mêba 24 kunyima kua dimanya dia dibuela mu lupitadi/dikosa dia mubidi (ditangila dia ER kakuyi dibuela mu lupitadi kadiena ne tshia kufila luapolo bilondeshile mikenji ya mbulamatadi to)"]
    EightHour --> PrepInspect["Dilongolola bua dikonkonona dia pa muaba mu mêba 24 too ne ku 72: Enza dikonkonona dia pa buadi ku bukokeshi bua mufidi wa mibelu wa mikenji"]
    TwentyFour --> PrepInspect

    CrisisType -->|"2. Mulombodi wa OSHA / EPA udi kayi mumanyishibua udi ufika ku tshiibi"| Gatekeep["Tshitupa 1 (Diakidila): Tangila tshimanyishilu tshia USDOL/Agency -> Nsombelu mu nzubu wa kumpala -> Bikila mulombodi wa malu a bukubi ne mufidi wa mibelu (30-45 min courtesy hold)"]
    Gatekeep --> OpenConf["Tshitupa 2 (Tshisangilu tshia mbangilu): Kumanya tshidi tshikebesha dikonkonona (Njiwu idi pabuipi, Lufu, Dilomba dia bena mudimu, anyi NEP/LEP mulongolola)"]
    OpenConf --> ScopeLimit["Tshitupa 3 (Diyukidilangana dia malu): Lomba kopi wa dilomba difunda -> Ufila dianyisha dia patupu ANYI ku tshitupa kampanda tshia dilomba ku diambuluisha dia njila wa pambelu/wa buludiludi"]
    ScopeLimit --> Walkaround["Tshitupa 4 (Dienda dia bantu): 1. Mafoto/mavideo abidi ku luseke ne ku luseke 2. Tapulula bilejilu bia bukezuke bua mudimu 3. Longolola njiwu mikese pa muaba ('Quick-Fix') 4. Mufidi wa mibelu udiku bua nkonko yonso ya mfumu"]

Tshitupa 1: Dimanya dia mikenji ya dimanyisha dia njiwu ya mêba 8 ne mêba 24 (29 CFR 1904.39)¶

Padi muntu mutapike bikole mu nzubu wa mudimu anyi muaba wa mudimu, bamfumu ba mudimu batu misangu ya bungi bashipa mikenji ya mbulamatadi padibu babenga kufila luapolo mu tshikondo tshia mêba 8 anyi 24 (tshidi tshifikisha ku dibenga kufila luapolo lua dolare 16 131) NANSHA padibu bafila luapolo lua bungi lua malu makese a mu nzubu wa tshimpitshimpi adi kaayi ne bua kumanyishibua bilondeshile mikenji kubikila kasumbu ka OSHA kadi kayi mumanyishibua mu nzubu yabu.

1. Nnganyi udi ne bua kufila luapolo? (Kakuena dilekedibua dia midimu mikese anyi dia njiwu mikese to)¶

Nansha mudi kumpanyi wenu muikale ne bena mudimu ba muinshi mua 10 anyi wenza mudimu mu mudimu wa dipana dia bintu, wa biro, wa malu a mfranga anyi wa restoran udi kayi ne njiwu ya bungi udi pa tshibidilu kayi ne bua kulama mikanda ya OSHA 300 ya pa tshibidilu bilondeshile 29 CFR 1904.1 ne 1904.2, 100 pa lukama ya bamfumu ba mudimu badi ne bua kuikala anu ne mikenji eyi 8-mêba a lufu ne 24-mêba a mputa mikole ya dimanyisha dia mikenji.

2. Difuanyikija dia tshidi tshikengela kumanyisha ne tshidi katshiyi tshikumbanyine bilondeshila OSHA wa ditunga (29 CFR 1904.39) ne malu adibu balongolole kudi ditunga¶

3. Ndîba kayi didi dîba dia mêba 8 anyi dia mêba 24 dituadija kuenza mudimu?¶

Muinshi mua 29 CFR 1904.39(b)(7), dîba dia mêba 8 anyi dia mêba 24 kadiena dituadija anu musangu muibidi udi njiwu mienzeke wewe kuyi muanji kumanya tshipeta tshia luondapu to: - Bikala muena mudimu mukuluke pa tshibandilu pa dîba 9:00 wa dinda, bamutuadila mu nzubu wa lupitadi lua lukasa, musombe mu nzubu wa lupitadi bua kuenza mateta a disama too ne pa dîba 6:00 wa dilolo, ne munganga wa mu lupitadi muitabe muena mudimu au mu bulalu bua mu lupitadi bua kumupandabu pa dîba 6:00 wa dilolo, dîba diebe dia kufila luapolo dia mêba 24 didi dituadija dîba dionso ** anyi udi utangila kumpanyi manya bua dibuela dia mubedi mu lupitadi**. - Malu kayi malelela audi ne bua kupesha OSHA ku telefone anyi ku Enternete (Ne malu kayi audi mua kuela meji): Padibu babikila 1-800-321-OSHA anyi kutuma formilere wa ku Enternete, 29 CFR 1904.39(b)(2) udi ulomba anu malu 8 adi kaayi malelela: (1) Dîna dia nzubu, (2) Muaba uvua bualu buenzekele ku mudimu, (3) Dîba dia bualu ebu, (4) Mushindu wa bualu budibu ne bua kumanyisha (lufu, dibuela mu lupitadi, dijimija dia bungi bua bena mudimu), (5) uvua mukenge bua bualu ebu, (6) Mêna a bena mudimu bavua ne bualu ebu, (7) Muntu uudi mua kubikila ne nimero ya telefone, ne (8) diumvuija dikese, dia tshiambilu tshimue dia bualu ebu (tshilejilu: "Muena mudimu uvua wenza mudimu ne Press #4 ne wakapeta disama dia munu wa tshianza tshia balume"). Kuela meji nansha kakese bua tshilema, kuitaba nansha kakese ne: mbashipe mikenji ya bukubi, ne kuela meji bua tshinyi tshiamu kampanda tshivua tshinyanguke mu luapolo lua kumpala to.

Tshitupa 2: Tshia kuenza mu minite 30 ya kumpala padi muena mudimu wa OSHA anyi wa EPA ufika ku tshiibi tshiebe¶

Padi muena mudimu wa OSHA udi utangila malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (CSHO) anyi muena mudimu wa malu a muaba udibu basombele ubuela mu nzubu webe wa tshilala benyi (nansha biobi bienzeke bua luapolo luebe lua disama dia mêba 24, dilomba dia muena mudimu udi kayi usanka, dimona dia mu mashinyi dia tshina tshidi katshiyi ne muelelu anyi tshiamu tshia kuulu tshidi katshiyi tshisuika, anyi programe wa National Emphasis [NEP] bu mudi Programe wa dijima dia tshina tshidi katshiyi ne muelelu, bu mudi: Kuosha tshina tshia kuosha, tshina tshia kuosha. Forklifts, Heat Illness, Silica, anyi Amputations), enza mudimu ne protocole wa 4-step front-desk.

Tshitupa 1: Mukenji wa diakidila ne mulami wa tshiibi (Kakuyi dibuela dia muntu udi kayi ne muntu udi umulombola)¶

Longesha muena mudimu yonso wa kuakidila bantu, mulami wa bukubi, ne mutangidi wa mudimu wa luibaku bilondeshile mukenji eu menemene: 1. Tangila mikanda ya mbulamatadi: Muinshi mua Tshitupa tshia 8(a) tshia mukenji wa OSH (29 U.S.C. § 657(a)), mutangidi udi ne tshia kuleja mikanda ya mbulamatadi ya tshibambalu tshia mudimu tshia U.S. (anyi Plan wa ditunga) kumpala kua dikonkonona kutuadija. Funda Dîna dia mutangidi, nomba wa dianyisha, biro bia tshitupa, ne dina dia mutangidi. 2. Kulombola mu nzubu wa tshisangilu wa kumpala (pambelu pa muaba udibu benza mudimu): Lombola mutangidi wa mudimu mu nzubu wa tshisangilu mukezuke anyi mu nzubu wa biro udi anu munda mua tshibuelelu tshia kumpala. 3. Ela 30-to-60-Minute Courtesy Hold: Umanyishe diakamue Mulombodi wa tshisumbu tshia dikonkonona dia kumpanyi, mulombodi wa malu a bukubi, ne mufidi wa mibelu wa pambelu wa OSHA. Ambila mutangidi wa mudimu ne: "Mukenji wetu wa kumpanyi udi wa kuenza mudimu pamue ne bibambalu bia bukubi, ne muena mudimu wetu wa bukubi / Mulombodi udi ne tshia kubuela mu tshisangilu tshia diunzulula. Badi mpindieu pambelu pa mudimu / mu njila ne nebafike mu minite 30 anyi 45." 4. Wenza mudimu ne minite 30 ayi bua kuenza tshikebelu tshia lukasa tshia dilongolola dia tshisalu: Padi mutangidi wa mudimu muindile mu nzubu wa tshisangilu, lomba batangidi ba mudimu bua kuenda mu njila udi uya muaba wa dikonkonona bua kujadika ne: (a) bena mudimu bonso mbavuale PPE (manyanu a bukubi, bifulu bia bukubi, bifulu bia bukubi), (b) bintu bia kujima nabi kapia bikanga, biamu bia nzembu (bidi bikengela 91 cm / 36 inches wa muaba wa kumpala wa mudimu mutoke bilondeshile 29 CFR 1910.303(g)(1)), ne biibi bia kupatuka nabi mu tshimpitshimpi bidi biunzulula diakamue, ne © milondo ya bintu bia tshimpitshimpi idi kayiyi mibuikila anyi kayiyi mifunda idi mipatuka anyi mifunda bimpe.

Tshitupa 2: Tshisangilu tshia ntuadijilu ne mukenji wa "Plain View" wa dilombola dia tshitupa¶

Kumpala kua kuteka dikasa dimue pa tshisasa tshia mudimu anyi pa muaba wa mudimu, mutangidi udi ne tshia kuenza Tshisangilu tshia Diunzulula bua kumvuija bua tshinyi mbasungule nzubu wenu.

1. Lomba mukanda wa dilomba anyi tshishimikidi tshia dikonkonona¶

• Bikalabi bifumina kudi muena mudimu anyi kudi muntu mukuabu (Tshitupa tshia 8(f)): Lomba kopi wa tshilumbu tshifunda (dîna dia muena tshilumbu nedijimijibue). Bala mukanda wa dilomba muaku ku muaku: pikalaye wamba ne: "Forklift #2 mu North Shipping Dock udi ne alarme wa panyima munyanguke ne nkata minyanguke," tshitupa tshia mikenji tshia dikonkonona dia tshilumbu tshidi tshimanyine pa North Shipping Dock ne Forklift #2.
• Bikalabi bifumina ku luapolo lua njiwu anyi ku dituma: Tshitupa tshidi anu tshia tshiamu kampanda, tshibambalu anyi mudimu kampanda udi mu njiwu.
• Bikalabi bienzeke ku diambuluisha dia "Wall-to-Wall" anyi Programme wa National/Local Emphasis Programme (NEP/LEP): Lomba mutangidi bua kuleja NEP Directive Number kayi menemene (tshilejilu, CPL 03-00-021 bua Amputations / Hazardous Machinery) udi ufila bukenji bua kukontonona, ne tangila ni nzubu webe wa DART ne kode ya NART rate** udi bushuwa mukumbane bua kuenza mudimu wa dikonkonona dia programe muinshi mua mukenji au.

2. Kutshimuna "Dilongesha dia Plain View" ku diambuluisha dia njila wa pambelu¶

Muinshi mua mikenji ya OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission [OSHRC] precedent), mutangidi udi mua kufila tshibawu bua njiwu yonso idiye umona mu "Plain View" padiye wenda ufumina ku tshibuelelu tshia kumpala uya ku tshiamu tshia difunda dia bilumbu, nansha mudi njiwu ayi kayiyi ne bualu nansha bumue ne difunda dia tshilumbu. - Mukenji wa pambelu: Shi mutangidi udi anu ne bukokeshi bua kukontonona Fina #7 mu Rear Fabrication Bay, KUENJI ne mutangidi mutantshi wa metre 400 wa nzubu webe munene wa disangisha dia bintu, nzubu wa dipenta, ne nzubu wa dilamina bintu bia tshimpitshimpi bua kufikamu. Pamutu pa nanku, patula muena mudimu ku tshiibi tshia kumpala tshia nzubu, munyunguluke njila wa pambelu wa nzubu, ne ubuele buludiludi ku tshiibi tshia pambelu tshia bena mudimu tshidi pabuipi ne Rear Fabrication Bay.

Tshitupa 3: Dilombola dia tshikebelu tshia kuendakana (Bimfuanyi bia ku luseke ne ku luseke, Bimfuanyi bitapulula, ne "Dilongolola dia lukasa")¶

Muinshi mua Tshitupa tshia 8(e) tshia mukenji wa OSH (29 U.S.C. § 657(e)), mfumu wa mudimu udi ne bukenji buonso bua kuikala ne muleji mpala wa mfumu wa mudimu bua kuya ne mutangidi wa mudimu dîba dionso padiye wenda wenda.

1. Mikenji 5 ya mushinga mukole ya dilombola dia Walkaround Escort¶

1. Angata binjinjimbi bia muomumue "ku luseke ne ku luseke" ne binjinjimbi bia mu tshikoso:
2. Dîba dionso didi mutangidi ubandisha tshiamu tshia foto anyi telefone wende wa bianza bua kukuata foto wa mashinyi, wa balami, wa tshingoma anyi wa muena mudimu, muntu udi ukulombola udi ne bua kuya diakamue ku dikaya dia mutangidi ne kuangata foto wa muomumue wa pabuipi NE foto ibidi ya mu nseke mishilangane (bakonkononyi batu misangu ya bungi bangata foto mikole idi yenza bua muena mudimu ikale umueneka pabuipi ne muaba udiye kayi mukuba mu bulelela bavua, anyi kusokoka bualu bua se: tshiamu kampanda tshivua tshipatuke mu nzembu ne katshivua tshienza mudimu to).
3. Kufunda bipiminu bibidi ne dilomba dia "bimfuanyi bishilangane" bua mateta a bukezuke bua midimu:
4. Shi muena mudimu upatula tshiamu tshia kupima natshi lubilu, tshipiminu tshia lubilu (tshipiminu tshia luya), tshipiminu tshia mutoyi, anyi tshipiminu tshia nzembu, pima muaba umue umue au ne tshiamu tshiebe tshia kupima natshi anyi tshipiminu tshilongolola ne funda nomba yonso ibidi mu kaye kebe ka mudimu.
5. Shi OSHA Industrial Hygienist (IH) nansha EPA inspecteur muangate bimanyinu bia lupuishi lua bungi (bua lupuishi ludi mua kuosha, plomb, anyi asbeste), bimanyinu bia kusukula, anyi bimanyinu bia buloba/mayi, lomba diakamue bimanyinu bia buloba/mayi (tshitupa tshia bintu menemene bivuabu bangate muaba umue au mu tshibombi tshiebe tshia bukoya) laboratware udi mua kutshiteta nkayende.
6. Shi mutangidi wa mudimu muele mapompe a tshikebelu tshia kapepe anyi bipimu bia mutoyi kudi bena mudimu bebe bua mudimu wa mêba 8, angata muena mudimu wa bukezuke bua mudimu (CIH) udi kayi ne bukokeshi bua kuteka bimanyinu bia dilonda dia kapepe ku luseke luabu.
7. Kuena ne bua kuleja tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshienza mudimu anyi katshiyi tshienza mudimu to:
8. Shi tshiamu kampanda tshijima mu tshikondo tshia diendakana ne muena mudimu udi wamba ne, "Udi mua kulomba muena mudimu bua kutemesha tshiamu atshi ne kutshienza bua meme kumona muditshi tshienza mudimu anyi?", kubenga ne kanemu konso. Kuena ne dibanza dia mikenji dia kutuadija tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshienza mudimu anyi kuenza tshilejilu tshia mudimu bua mutangidi wa mudimu to. Kutemesha tshiamu tshidi katshiyi tshienza mudimu tshidi ne mulami udi kayiku kudi kukudimuna lutatu lukese ludi mua kuikala lua malu a tekiniki mu tshijadiki tshia video tshidi tshileja mudi bena mudimu benza mudimu.
9. Kupuekesha njiwu mikese diakamue pa muaba (kuenza bua 15% OSHA "Quick-Fix" Penalty Reduction):
10. Shi muena mudimu muleje bualu budi bumueneka patoke, budi mua kulongololwa bipepele mu tshikondo tshia diendakana (bu mudi tshingoma tshia dilengeja tshidi katshiyi ne tshianza tshia panshi, njila wa kupatuka mukanga, anyi tshibumba tshidi katshiyi ne tshiibi tshia munkatshi), lomba bena mudimu balongolole diakamue padi muena mudimu utshidi pa muaba (ne wangate foto wa dilongolola dijika).
11. Muinshi mua OSHA Field Operations Manual (FOM Nshapita wa 6: Quick-Fix Abatement Incentive), kujikija diakamue dishipa dia mikenji mu tshikondo tshia dikonkonona didi dijadika ne: kabiena mua kutela bu njiwu idi yenda ikola ne didi dianyishila bamfumu ba mudimu badi bakumbane bua kupeta dipuekesha dia tshibawu tshia 15 pa lukama tshia Quick-Fix pa mutu pa dipuekesha dia tshibawu tshimpe pa mutu pa dipuekesha dia malu mimpe, ne dipuekesha dia malu malelela** didifila diebe ku bukubi. (Dimanya: Misangu yonso lomba mufidi wa mibelu bua kujadika ne: dilongolola dia tshintu didi difunda bu dilengeja dia malu pamutu pa kuitaba dibenga kutumikila mikenji kumpala.)
12. Kokesha ngakuilu webe (Kakuyi dielakana, Difila dia budisuile, anyi Dibuela dia patupu):
13. Wandamuna nkonko ya mulombodi wa malu a bintu mu bulelela ne mu tshikoso, pashishe lekela kuakula. Kudifila nansha kakese "Eyowa, ndi ngambila bana ba balume bua kupingaja balami abu kukadi mbingu ya bungi", bualu tshiambilu tshimuepele etshi tshidi tshijadika Dimanya dia muena mudimu ne disua, divudija tshibawu tshia tshibawu misangu 10 ($161,323).

Tshitupa 4: Diyukidilangana pankatshi pa bena mudimu ne balombodi (Kukuba kumpanyi webe ku dibuela dia bantu mu mudimu)¶

Kakuena muaba udi bamfumu ba mudimu bajimija bilumbu bia bungi bia OSHA kupita mu tshikondo tshia Tshitupa tshia nkonko to. Udi ne tshia kutumikila mikenji ibidi mishilangane bilondeshela ni muntu udibu bele nkonko udi Muena mudimu wa mêba udi kayi ulombola anyi Mulombodi, Mulombodi, Mulombodi anyi Mulombodi.

Difuanyikija dia makokeshi a mu mikenji mu tshikondo tshia nkonko ya OSHA: Bena mudimu ba ku dîba ne balombodi/balombodi¶

Tshitupa 5: Tshisangilu tshia ndekelu, dienza dia mikanda, ne dikokangana dia meyi (Mukenji wa matuku 15 a mudimu)¶

1. Kulombola dilomba dia mikanda (Mêba 4 bua OSHA 300 Logs; Mulongo mufunda wa bintu bikuabu bionso)¶

• OSHA 300, 300A, ne 301 Logs (Strict 4-Business-Hour Rule): Muinshi mua 29 CFR 1904.40(a), dîba didi muena mudimu ukulomba bua kupeta mikanda ya disama diebe ne ya disama, udi ne bua kufila kopi yayi mu mêba 44 a mudimu. Lama tshibuta tshikezuke, tshilongolola tshia bidimu 5 bia ndekelu bia 300/300A/301 tshilongolola misangu yonso.
• Programe mikuabu yonso mifunda, mikanda ya dilongesha, ne mikanda ya dilongolola: Kokitshinyi bua kufila mikanda ya lupuishi pa muaba to. Lomba muena mudimu bua kukupesha Mulongo wa mikanda mifunda ku diambuluisha dia e-mail. Ela tshitampi pa tshimfuanyi tshionso tshia mudimu wa bianza, pa dienza dia bintu bia tshimfuanyi, anyi pa tshimfuanyi tshia mushindu udi malu enzeka ne "CONFIDENTIAL: TRADE SECRET PURSUANT TO 29 U.S.C. § 664 (OSH ACT SECTION 15)" kumpala kua kutshifila bua bena lukuna ne ba avocat badi balomba kabapeta plan yebe ku diambuluisha dia dilomba dia mukenji wa budikadidi bua ngumu (FOIA).

2. Tshia kuenza pikala mukanda wa dianyisha ufika (mu ngondo 6 ya tshikondo tshia ndekelu)¶

Muinshi mua Tshitupa 9© tshia OSH Act (29 U.S.C. § 658©), OSHA udi ne ngondo 6 kubangila ku dishipa dia mikenji bua kufila dimanyisha ne dimanyisha dia dinyoka. Dîba didi amvelope wa mukanda wa OSHA ufika: 1. Kalenda wa ndekelu wa matuku 15 a mudimu diakamue (OSH Act § 10(a)): - Mu matunga a OSHA a mbulamatadi (ne mu matunga a bungi; Cal/OSHA udi witaba matuku 15 a mudimu), udi ne matuku 15 a mudimu (kakuyi kubala ku ndekelu kua lumingu ne matuku a dikisha a mbulamatadi) kubangila ku dituku didibu batua tshiala pa mukanda wa dianyisha bua kulongolola Tshisangilu tshia patupu ne mulombodi wa tshitupa NE mukanda wa ndongamu mufunda Dikokangana**. - Wewe mupangile tshikondo tshia matuku 15 a mudimu nansha dituku dimue, difunda ne dinyoka bidi bilua Mukenji wa ndekelu udi kauyi mua kukonkononyibua wa Komite bilondeshile mikenji. 2. Lomba misangu yonso "Tshisangilu tshia patupu" ne mulombodi wa tshitupa tshia OSHA mu matuku 15: - Nansha shi dishipa dia mikenji dienzeke, kubuela mu Tshisangilu tshia patupu mu matuku 5 too ne ku 12 kudi kukuanyishila bua kuleja foto yebe ya dijimija dia mikenji, makuta audi muele mu programe wa bukubi, ne bungi bua makuta audi nawu bua kuyukila: (a) dishintulula dia "Serious" anyi "Repeat" citation too ne ku "Other-Tserious" (udi ukandika tshilumbu tshia muntu nkayende ba avocat ne ba contractant banene bua kukupangisha bua kuenza mudimu mu matuku atshilualua), (b) dipuekesha dia tshibawu tshia 30% too ne ku 50%+, ne © Tshipungidi tshia dijikija dia bilumbu tshidi ne Mukenji wa dibenga kuitaba udi ulama kumpanyi webe ku kabadi ka bena ditunga.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Muena mudimu mukuabu wakatshibuka diboko ku mudimu, kuyaye mu nzubu wa lupitadi bua mêba 6 bua kuenzaye X-ray ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu, ne kuyaye kumbelu. Tudi ne tshia kufila luapolo kudi OSHA mu meba 24 anyi?¶

**Tòo, ki mmuinshi mua mikenji ya OSHA (29 CFR 1904.39).** Eu ke mukenji umuepele udibu kabayi bumvua bibi mu malu a bukubi bua ku mudimu. Muinshi mua Federal OSHA **29 CFR 1904.39(b)(9) ne (10)**, mfumu wa mudimu udi anu ne tshia kufila luapolo lua dibuela mu lupitadi mu mêba 24 pikala muena mudimu **muitabujibue mu mudimu wa "Inpatient" wa lupitadi** NE upeta luondapu anyi luondapu kunyima kua dibuela mu lupitadi. Kuya mu **Nzubu wa lupitadi lua lukasa lukasa (ER)** anyi mu nzubu wa luondapu lua lukasa (nansha bua mêba 12, ne nansha mudi muena mudimu mupeta tusonji, X-ray, mâyi a IV, anyi muikale ne tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidibu bateke mu tshiamu tshia nzembu) ki **KAKUENA dibuela mu lupitadi to** padibu bamupatula mu nzubu wa luondapu anyi bamulama anu bua kumutangila. *(Dimanya: Utshidi anu mua kufunda mufuba mutshibuka anyi luondapu lua munganga mu mukanda webe wa munda wa OSHA 300 mu matuku 7 a kalandriye, ne tangila mikenji ya State Plan wewe muikale mu ditunga didi ne diumvuija dia bungi.)*

Netuambe tshinyi bikala muena mudimu mukose tshitupa tshia munu wende tshidi ne munyinyi mu tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi anyi tshia kufina, kadi munganga wamba ne: kabavua bakose mufuba nansha umue to: ke "dikosa" didibu mua kumanyisha anyi?¶

**Eyowa. Muinshi mua Federal OSHA 29 CFR 1904.39(b)(11), dikosa dia munu ne dijimija dia mifuba didi ne tshia kumanyisha** didi ne tshia kumanyishibua kudi OSHA mu **mêba 24** (mêba 8 mu Cal/OSHA), nansha mudi muena mudimu muondapibue mu lupitadi lua pambelu mu minite 90 ne kayi muanji kubuela mu lupitadi to. Dishilangana didi anu pankatshi pa **dikosa dia nsongo ya munu** (mudi nsongo ya munu mikosolola mujima) ne **dikosolola dia pa mutu anyi dikosa dia tshitupa tshia dikoba** (mudibu bakosa anu dikoba anyi disonga dia tshitupa tshia munu kakuyi dijimija dia tshitupa tshia nsongo ya munu).

Tudi ne tshia kubenga kubuela ne kulomba mukanda wa tshikebelu tshia mu tshitupa tshinayi padi mutangidi wa OSHA ulua ku tshiibi anyi?¶

Nansha mudi Kabadi kanene ka mu États-Unis kajadike mu tshilumbu tshia *Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc.* (1978) ne udi ne bukenji bua kubenga kubuela kudi mutangidi wa OSHA kuyi ne mukanda wa dianyisha, **kulomba mukanda wa dianyisha bua dikonkonona dia malu a bena mudimu didi pa tshibidilu bualu budi kabuyi ne njiwu anyi bubi dimanyisha didi dibuela**. Buatshinyi? Bualu mutangidi wa OSHA kena dijinga ne "tshilumbu tshidi mua kuikala tshibi" bua kupeta mukanda wa mbulamatadi to; badi anu ne tshia kuleja kudi majistre wa mbulamatadi mikenji ya dilombola idi kayiyi ne tshilumbu anyi dilomba dia muena mudimu, ne padibu bapingana panyima pa mêba 48 ne mukanda wa dianyisha, mukanda wa dianyisha udi imue misangu ufila **tshitupa tshinene tshia dikonkonona** kupita muuvua mua kuikala muyikila ne bupole mu tshikondo tshia Tshisangilu tshia Diunzulula. Pamutu pa nanku, mushindu wa kudikuba udi ne mushinga wa bungi udi **Dianyisha dia tshitupa tshîpi**: kuakidila muena mudimu mu nzubu wa tshisangilu, windile minite 30 bua mulombodi webe wa malu a bukubi/mufidi wa mibelu, utangile tshilumbu tshifunda, ne ufila dianyisha **dishikila anu ku tshiamu kampanda anyi muaba wa mudimu udibu baleje mu tshilumbu**.

Mutangidi wa OSHA udi mua kuimanyika mulombodi anyi mulombodi wa mudimu pa tshisasa tshia mudimu ne kumuela nkonko pa nkaya anyi?¶

**Tòo, ne kuena ne bua kulekela bualu ebu buenzeka nansha kakese.** Muinshi mua mukenji wa OSH, anu **bena mudimu ba pa dîba badi kabayi balombodi** ke badibu mua kuela nkonko mu musokoko kudi mutangidi wa mudimu. Muinshi mua mikenji mijadika ya Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), **mulombodi yonso, mulombodi wa mudimu, mulombodi wa mudimu, anyi mulombodi udi mêyi ende mua kuikala mafunda kudi kumpanyi bu dianyisha dia "dimanya dia muena mudimu" udi muena mudimu nkayende**, ne muena mudimu udi ne bukenji buonso bua kuikala ne muleji mpala wende ne mufidi wende wa mibelu mu malu a mikenji padibu bamuela nkonko. Kukandika nkonko yonso ya pa muaba wa mutangidi wa mudimu ne kuenza programe wa diyukidilangana diabu ne mufidi wa mibelu udiku.

"Bienzedi bibi bia bena mudimu bidi kabiyi mua kuepuka (tshilumbu tshia pa nkaya)" ntshinyi, ne mmunyi mutudi mua kutshilama mu tshikondo tshia dikonkonona?¶

Shi mutangidi wa OSHA mukuate muena mudimu umo udi ushipa mikenji ya bukubi (tshilejilu, muimane pa tshibandilu tshia kuulu anyi mumbusha tshilamba tshiende tshia bukubi munkatshi mua minite 2 nansha mudiye mulongeshibue), kumpanyi wenu udi mua kupeta mukanda wa OSHA **100 pa lukama mulekelela (mumbushibue)** pa kujadika **Element Unavoidable Emploe Emploe (EMU) Affirmative Defense**: (1) Udi muteka **Mukenji wa mudimu** udi ukandika tshienzedi tshidi katshiyi tshimpe, (2) Udi **Mumanyishe ne Mulongeshe** muena mudimu pa mukenji au (mujadikibue ku mikanda ya dilongesha mifunda), (3) Uvua muangate malu adi makane bua **Kulonda ne kupeta** malu adi kaayi makane (adibu bajadike kudi bena malu a bukubi), ne (4**) Kuenzeja** mukenji ku diambuluisha dia **Disciplinary Action Logs** pavuabu bapeta dishipa dia mikenji kale.

Tudi ne tshia kulama muaba uvua njiwu ya mubidi mienzeke kashidi kunyima kua disama dia ku mudimu anyi?¶

Mu **State Plan states bu mudi Californie (Cal/OSHA 8 CCR § 342(d)), Washington, ne mu Canada, UK, ne Australie**, mikenji idi ikandika patoke disukula, dienda, anyi dishintulula dia njiwu ya lufu anyi ya njiwu mikole (pa kumbusha padibi bikengela bua kusungila muntu udibu bashipe anyi bua kupangisha dibutuka dibidi dia lukasa) too ne padi mikenji ya bukubi inyanguka udi upatula tshikena kumona. Muinshi mua OSHA wa ditunga, nansha padiku kakuyi dianyisha dia mikenji didi ditangila mashinyi adi kaayi mua kushipa bantu, **kanga diakamue, ela tshimanyinu, ne ulame mashinyi menemene, balami, ne bitupa bidi binyanguke muinshi mua Litigation Hold** (kuangata foto ya 360-degree kumpala kua kulenga tshintu nansha tshimue) bua kabakubanda ne: udi mushime tshijadiki to.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dikonkonona dia malu a bukubi a mudimu ne dikonkonona dia OSHA
• Disama dia muena mudimu ku mudimu ne dibanza dia nzubu
• Kuandamuna ku tshilumbu tshia bungenda, dibikila dia ku kabadi, anyi dilekela dia mikenji
• Mpangiko ya kutungunuka ne mudimu ne dilongolola dia malu kunyima kua bipupu

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor): 29 CFR 1904.39 (Reporting Fatalities, Inpatient Hospitalities, Amputations, and Losses of an Eye to OSHA within 8 / 24 Hours), 29 CFR 1904.40 (4-HOur Reduction Business Rule), and the OSHA Record Mukanda wa mudimu wa mu budimi (FOM Directive CPL 02-00-164: Bukokeshi bua kuendakana, mpungilu ya diunzulula/dijika, ne dipuekesha dia bilumbu bia lukasa).
• Mukenji wa bukubi ne makanda a mubidi wa mu 1970 (29 U.S.C. § 651 et seq., États-Unis): Tshitupa 8(a) (Dileja dia mikanda ya dianyisha ne bukokeshi bua kukonkonona), Tshitupa 8(e) (Malu adi atangila muena mudimu ne muena mudimu), Tshitupa 9(6) tshia Mikenji ya mikenji 10(a) (Dimanyisha dia matuku 15 a mudimu dia ndekelu wa manaya), ne tshitupa tshia 15 (Dikuba dia malu masokoka a mudimu).
• Kabadi kanene ka mu États-Unis: Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc., 436 U.S. 307 (1978) (Mukenji wa dishintulula dia tshinayi ne bukenji bua dianyisha mu malu a mbulamatadi).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi tshia mu Californie (Cal/OSHA): Tshitupa 8 tshia mikenji ya mu Californie § 342 (Mikenji ya dilama dia njiwu, ya disama anyi ya lufu ne ya njiwu).
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, Royaume-Uni) ne mudimu wa bukubi mu Australie: RIDDOR 2013 (Mikenji ya dimanyisha dia mputa, masama ne malu adi ne njiwu) ne tshilejilu tshia mudimu wa bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (WHS) Act Part 3 (Malu adibu ne bua kumanyisha ne mikenji ya dilama dia miaba).