macOS FileVault anyi Time Machine Sparsebundle Corrupted: APFS Container Superblock Repair, Local Snapshot Mount, ne Recovery Key Terminal Unlock¶

Paudi umona MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac Studio, anyi iMac babenga kuenza mudimu ne tshimanyinu tshia lukonko tshidi tshikenka, tshimanyinu tshia tshijengu ne tshikoso tshidi tshikandika (support.apple.com/mac/startup), tshibuelelu tshidi tshibenga mot de passe webe mumanyike kunyima kua dinyanguka dia macOS, anyi dimanyisha dia Disk Utility Error: -69845: File system verify or repair failed / Invalid APFS superblock / Object map is invalid i tshilumbu tshikole tshia kulama bintu tshia macOS. Tshidi tshibi menemene, paudi ubueja NAS webe wa pambelu anyi USB Time Machine bua kupingaja bintu biebe, macOS utu misangu ya bungi upatula tshilema tshibidi tshibi: Time Machine completed a verification of your backups. To improve reliability, Time Machine must create a new backup for you (kukanga tshiebe .sparsebundle). Kokufiki pa Erase Mac anyi kulekela Time Machine afunda pa mutu pa malu audi mulame to. Bualu Apple File System (APFS) i Copy-on-Write (CoW) tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshilama bintu bia kale bia superblocks (nx_superblock_t) ne binjinjimbi bia muaba udibu mua kubala anu pa diske, udi mua kukangula FileVault misangu yonso ne kuela tshibandilu tshia kale tshia malu mimpe tshia macOS Recovery Terminal. Shi Mac webe udi ne tshinyangu tshia hardware kernel anyi tshibuelelu tshifiike pamutu pa tshilema tshia volime wa APFS, tangila MacOS kernel panic, black screen, ne recovery; bua dikanga dia malu a tshisokomenu dia mishindu ne mishindu (BitLocker, FileVault, LUKS), tangila BitLocker, FileVault, ne LUKS encryption recovery key lockout ne TPM reset ne rm -rf anyi Shift-Delete pa ext4, XFS, APFS, ne NTFS: read-only remount. Shi dikanga dia nzubu wa mudimu edi didi mua kunyanga luondapu lua lupitadi, dituma dia bantu mu tshimpitshimpi, anyi midimu ya bukubi bua muoyo, bikila nimero wa tshimpitshimpi wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu matunga masanga a ku Mputu, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi tangila mukanda wetu wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. KUENA "Erase Mac," "Erase Volume Group," anyi "Start New Backup" mu Time Machine: Nansha padi butone bua First Aid bua Disk Utility kabuyi buenza mudimu ne File system verify or repair failed (-69845) anyi fsck_apfs udi upatuka ne kode 8, mikanda yebe ya mudimu mifunda munda mua Macintosh HD - Data (anyi tshiamu tshieba tshia dîba .sparsebundle bipese) bidi anu bikumbane pa SSD.
2. Buela mu macOS Recovery (Utilities -> Terminal) diakamue bua kuimanyika mudimu wa panyima TRIM ne dishintuluka dia muaba wa kukopa-pa-kufunda:
3. Pa Apple Silicon Macs (M1, M2, M3, M4): Kama Mac bionso, pashishe fina ne kulama Power (Touch ID) buto bua masekonde 10 too ne padi tshibuelelu tshiamba ne Loading startup options.... Fina pa Options -> Continue.
4. Pa Intel Macs: Teka Mac ne uteke diakamue Command (⌘) + R (anyi Option + Command + R bua dipingaja dia ku Enternete) too ne padi tshimanyinu tshia Apple anyi globe udi unyunguluka umueneka.
5. Shi muena mudimu wa dipingaja dia bintu udi ukulomba bua kusungula muena mudimu udiye kayi witaba mot de passe wende, kuena nansha kakese Erase Mac kuulu ku dia bakaji Recovery Assistant menu. Pamutu pa nanku, keba "Udi mupue meyi a tshisokomenu onso muoyo anyi?" (udi unzulula 24-character Personal Recovery Key anyi iCloud Apple ID unlock prompt) anyi wenze mudimu ne Utilities menu bua kutuadija Terminal.
6. Kanzulula FileVault 2 ku bianza ku Recovery Terminal (diskutil apfs unlockVolume) kumpala kua kuteta bua kubandisha anyi kuenza kopi ya mukanda: Padi volime wa APFS mufunda ne FileVault, Macintosh HD - Data udi ushala kayi umueneka (Locked: Yes) too ne paudi utshiunzulula. Mu Recovery Terminal, enza diskutil apfs list bua kupeta tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshiebe tshia bintu (pa tshibidilu disk3s5 pa Apple Silicon anyi disk2s1 pa Intel) ne wenza diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 (ne mot de passe webe wa kubuela) anyi diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -recoverykeychain / -passphrase <24-CHAR-RECOVERY-KEY>.
7. Biobi Macintosh HD - Data unzulula (Unlocked: Yes) kadi udi upanga kukumbaja dibala-difunda bualu B-tree anyi Object Map udi munyanguke (omap), udi mua kuwuteka anu bua kubala anu (mount_apfs -o rdonly) anyi kubandisha tshintu tshia kale APFS Local Snapshot (mount_apfs -s): Paudi upita -o rdonly (anyi kuela tshimfuanyi tshia tshiamu tshia dîba tshia kumpala kua dikuluka tshilama pa SSD wa munda ku diambuluisha dia mount_apfs -s), APFS kernel driver udi upita write-journal replay ne ukuanyishila bua kukopa 100 pa lukama ya /Users/yourname ku tshiamu tshia USB tshia pambelu ku diambuluisha dia rsync anyi cp -R.
8. Kunyema nansha kakese fsck_apfs -y misangu ne misangu pa SSD udi kayi wenza mudimu bimpe kumpala kua kumbusha mikanda yebe anu bua kubala: Shi APFS Object Map (omap_phys_t) anyi Extent Reference Tree mmunyanguke, udi wenza bua kulongolola dibala ne difunda ne fsck_apfs -y udi mua kupatula karte ka node ya tshilaminu tshinyanguke. Teta misangu yonso mount_apfs -o rdonly ne kopi /Users/ ku tshiamu tshia pambelu kumpala, ne anu kuenza fsck_apfs pashishe.
9. Bua tshiamu tshia dîba tshinyanguke .sparsebundle (Backup Verification Failed), kumbusha com.apple.backupd.ModelID kukanga mabenda munda Info.plist, ela tshisumbu tshia bintu bikese ne hdiutil attach -nomount -readwrite, ne kulongolola tshitupa tshia munda tshia APFS/HFS+ ne fsck_apfs anyi fsck_hfs: Udi mua kusungila misangu yonso malu a kale a dilama ne tshisumbu tshia bintu bidi ne muoyo kuyi utuadija tshiakabidi.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Mac udi kayi mua kutuadija, FileVault mukanga, anyi Time Machine triage munyanguke¶

Enza mudimu ne tshimfuanyi etshi mu macOS Recovery (Utilities -> Terminal) bua kusungula njila wa dipingaja udi kayi unyanga:

flowchart TD
    Start["Tshilumbu tshia lukasa: Mac kena mua kutuadija mudimu, FileVault udi ubenga mot de passe, anyi Time Machine mmunyanguke"] --> WhichIssue{"Ntatu kayi iudi upeta?"}

    WhichIssue -->|"1. Mac SSD wa munda udi kayi mua kutuadija (? Tshibuta / Tshimanyishilu tshia dikankamija / Tshilema tshia diambuluisha dia kumpala -69845)"| BootRec["Enza mu macOS Recovery -> Open Utilities -> Terminal -> Run: diskutil apfs list"]

    WhichIssue -->|"2. FileVault udi ubenga mot de passe wa muntu udi mumanye anyi ulomba tshifungu tshia dipingaja"| FVFix["Mu Recovery Assistant: Fina pa 'Udi mupue meyi a tshisokomenu onso muoyo anyi?' NANSHA Enza diskutil apfs listcryptousers mu Terminal"]

    WhichIssue -->|"3. Time Machine udi wamba ne: Tshilaminu tshia bintu tshidi tshinyanguke / Bidi bikengela kuenza tshintu tshipiatshipia tshia kulama"| TMFix["Mount Network/USB Drive -> Inspect .sparsebundle/Info.plist -> hdiutil attach -nomount -> fsck_apfs / fsck_hfs"]

    BootRec --> ContainerOk{"Diskutil apfs list Show the APFS Container & Volumes (Macintosh HD - Data)?"}

    ContainerOk -->|"To: APFS Container Missing anyi 'Invalid APFS Superblock'"| SuperblockRec["Tangila APFS Container Checkpoint Superblocks (nx_superblock_t) ne Mount Read-Only via fsck_apfs -n / apfs-fuse"]

    ContainerOk -->|"Eyowa: Volime mifunda (e.g. disk3s5)"| UnlockStep["Unlock FileVault sans Mounting: diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -nomount"]

    UnlockStep --> TryRO["Teta Read-Only Mount: mkdir /Volumes/Rescue && mount_apfs -o rdonly /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/Rescue"]

    TryRO --> DidMount{"/Volumes/Rescue Mount uvua mukezuke anyi?"}
    DidMount -->|"Eyowa"| CopyData["Ela ExFAT/APFS External USB Drive -> Copy /Volumes/Rescue/Users/<you> Diakamue ne ditto anyi rsync"]
    DidMount -->|"Tòo: mount_apfs udi upingaja tshilumbu tshidi katshiyi tshiakane / tshilema tshia dibueja ne dipatuka"| SnapMount["Liste Internal APFS Snapshots (diskutil apfs listSnapshots) -> Mount Pre-Crash Snapshot via mount_apfs -s"]

    FVFix --> UnlockStep

Tshitupa 1: Kujingulula tshintu tshia APFS, tshisumbu tshia volime, ne bulongolodi bua tshifungu tshia FileVault¶

Kumpala kua kufunda mêyi mu macOS Recovery Terminal, umvue mudi macOS wa matuku etu aa (Catalina 10.15 kupitshila Monterey, Ventura, Sonoma, ne Sequoia) udi uleja SSD wa munda ne bua tshinyi Macintosh HD ki mmuaba udi mikanda yebe to.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MODERN macOS APFS CONTAINER & FILEVAULT ARCHITECTURE                    |
|                                                                         |
| Physical Apple SSD (/dev/disk0)                                         |
|  +-- Partition 1: Apple_APFS_ISC (iBoot System Container - Apple Sil.)  |
|  +-- Partition 2: Apple_APFS (Main Container -> Synthesized /dev/disk3) |
|       |                                                                 |
|       +-- [nx_superblock_t] Container Superblock & Checkpoint Ring      |
|       +-- [omap_phys_t] Container Object Map (Virtual -> Physical Block)|
|       |                                                                 |
|       +-- Volume 1 (disk3s1): "Macintosh HD" (Signed System Volume SSV) |
|       |    -> Strictly Read-Only OS files. Contains 0 user documents.   |
|       +-- Volume 2 (disk3s5): "Macintosh HD - Data" (FileVault Locked)  |
|       |    -> YOUR ACTUAL DATA (/Users, /Applications, /Library, /var)  |
|       +-- Volume 3 (disk3s2): "Preboot" (FileVault Login Users & Wi-Fi) |
|       +-- Volume 4 (disk3s3): "Recovery" (macOS Recovery OS)            |
|       +-- Volume 5 (disk3s4): "VM" (Swapfile & Sleepimage)              |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Malu asatu a mushinga a mu tshibumba etshi neasungile diondapangana diebe: 1. Kujimiji dîba nansha kakese bua kupetulula mikanda ku Macintosh HD (disk3s1): Kubangila ku macOS Big Sur (11.0+), Macintosh HD i tshimanyishilu tshia tshisokomenu, tshia kubala anu (APFS Signed System Volume). Mukanda wonso wa muena mudimu, tshimfuanyi, tshilaminu tshia ku biro, tshilaminu tshia mafungu, ne tshilaminu tshia malu tshidi pa muena mudimu Macintosh HD - Data dîyi (typically disk3s5 pa Apple Silicon anyi disk2s1 / disk1s1 pa Intel). 2. Bua tshinyi FileVault utu misangu mikuabu ubenga mot de passe webe muimpe kunyima kua dinyanguka (Preboot Disynchronization): Ku tshibuelelu tshia kumpala (EFI / iBoot Preboot Login), tshintu Macintosh HD - Data tshikandakanda tshidi anu tshisokoka ne katshiena mua kubala to. Mmunyi mudi Mac mua kujadika mot de passe webe kumpala kua diunzulula dia diske? Udi ubala kopi wa mot de passe wa konte webe wa muena mudimu ne tshibombi tshia tshisokomenu tshilama pa ** udi kayi mufundaPreboot** dîyi (disk3s2). Shi uvua mushintulule mot de passe webe wa Mac anyi mushintulule macOS ne Preboot volume ki mmushintuludibue to (diskutil apfs updatePreboot), tshibuelelu tshia ntuadijilu tshidi tshibenga mot de passe webe mupiamupia padi diskutil apfs unlockVolume mu Recovery Terminal udi witaba mot de passe webe wa kale anyi mupiamupia diakamue. 3. Bua tshinyi APFS udi ulama nsombelu muimpe wa kale nansha padi tshibandilu tshia ndekelu tshinyanguke: Misangu yonso APFS flushes udi ufunda pa diske, kena ufunda tshidiku to nx_superblock_t (Container Superblock) anyi apfs_superblock_t (Volume Superblock) mu muaba. Pamutu pa nanku, udi ufunda tshitupa tshipiatshipia tshia superblock mu Checkpoint Descriptor Area (xp_desc) ring buffer with an incremented Transaction ID (xid). Shi nzembu mipangile nansha kernel udi utshina padiye ufunda Transaction xid 950412, Dishintakaja dia bintu xid 950411 (mufunda tusunsa tukese kumpala) utshidi musombe munda mua tshibuelelu tshia tshiamu tshia tshikebelu pa diske.

Tshitupa 2: Diunzulula FileVault 2 ku macOS Recovery Terminal padi Login anyi GUI upangila¶

Buela mu macOS Recovery, kangula tshitupa tshia menu tshia kuulu, ne tuaku pa Utilities -> Terminal.

Tshitupa 1: Umanye tshintu tshieba tshia APFS ne Macintosh HD - Data tshimanyishilu tshia tshiamu¶

Mu dididishi dia Recovery Terminal, enza:

diskutil apfs list

+-- Container disk3 4A91F802-119B-4C0E-991A-0849182019AA
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk3
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      994662584320 B (994.7 GB)
    ...
    +-> Volume disk3s5 8810B291-4410-4A11-B812-771928371900
        ---------------------------------------------------
        APFS Volume Disk (Role):   disk3s5 (Data)
        Name:                      Macintosh HD - Data (Case-insensitive)
        Mount Point:               Not Mounted
        FileVault:                 Yes (Locked)

Tshitupa 2: Tangila bena mudimu bonso ba Cryptographic (Key Wrapping Keys) pa volime wa bintu¶

Bua kumona konte yonso wa muena mudimu, tshifungu tshia dipingaja dia muntu nkayende (PRK), anyi iCloud/Institutional key udi mua kunzulula disk3s5, run:

diskutil apfs listcryptousers /dev/disk3s5

Tshitupa 3: Kangula volime KUYI muanji kumubandisha (-nomount)¶

Bua tshinyi kupita -nomount padibu banzulula volime wa APFS udi mua kuikala munyanguke anyi? Bualu bua tshilelela, diskutil apfs unlockVolume udi uteta diakamue bua kubandisha volime mu mushindu wa kubala ne kufunda, udi wenza bua difunda dia tshikandakanda dienzeke nkayadi anyi udi ulenga Terminal pikala B-tree munyanguke. Kupita -nomount udi unzulula tshifungu tshia tshisokomenu tshia volime (VEK) mu Secure Enclave patudi tulama filesystem kayi muteka bua tuetu kumona mua kumuteka anu mu tshitupa tshia 3:

# Option A: Unlock using your macOS Login Password (try BOTH your current and previous passwords)
diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -nomount

# Option B: Unlock using your 24-Character Personal Recovery Key (PRK) directly in Terminal
diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -passphrase XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX -nomount

Tshitupa 4: Netuambe tshinyi pikala FileVault mubulula bimpe ne systeme wa mikanda kayi munyanguke, ne yeye mubenge anu mot de passe webe ku ntuadijilu?¶

Shi diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 wakapita diakamue ne diskutil apfs verifyVolume /dev/disk3s5 udi uleja The volume Macintosh HD - Data appears to be OK, lutatu lueba luvua anu disynchronized Preboot volume kunyima kua dishintulula dia mot de passe anyi dilengeja dia OS. Longolola mu masekonde 5 bua Mac webe atuadije kabidi mudimu bimpe:

# Mount the unlocked volume and force macOS to rebuild the Preboot login database:
diskutil mount /dev/disk3s5
diskutil apfs updatePreboot /dev/disk3s5

Tshitupa 3: Kusungila malu padi fsck_apfs / Disk Utility First Aid fails (Invalid APFS Superblock anyi Object Map Invalid)¶

Netuambe tshinyi shi udi unzulula disk3s5 udi wenza mudimu (FileVault: Yes (Unlocked)), kadi paudi uteta bua kutshiteka pa tshibidilu, macOS udi wamba ne: com.apple.DiskManagement.disenter error -119930868 / -69845 anyi Disk Utility First Aid reports: - error: omap_phys_t: invalid omap_most_recent_snap - error: nx_superblock_t: checkpoint map invalid - fsroot tree is invalid - File system verify or repair failed. : (-69845)

Londa mishindu isatu eyi ya malu a mikenji bua kupatula 100 pa lukama ya mikanda yebe kumpala kua kuteta bua kulongolola bualu kampanda budi mua kunyanga:

Mushindu 1: Kuenzeja tshitekelu tshia Read-Only (mount_apfs -o rdonly)¶

Nansha padi volime wa APFS ubenga bua kubandila mu mushindu wa kubala ne kufunda (bualu macOS udi ubenga kubandila volime wa APFS wa bukoya udi ubala ne kufunda padi fsck_apfs udi upeta dipanga dia B-tree dimue), apfs.kext muendeshi udi mua kuitaba misangu mivule tshintu tshia kubala anu (-o rdonly):

# 1. Create a temporary mountpoint in the Recovery RAM disk
mkdir -p /Volumes/DataRescue

# 2. Force a read-only mount of the unlocked Data volume
mount_apfs -o rdonly /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/DataRescue

# 3. Check if your home directory is accessible
ls -la /Volumes/DataRescue/Users/

ditto -V /Volumes/DataRescue/Users/yourname /Volumes/MyExternalDrive/Rescued_Mac_Home/

Mushindu 2: Netuambe tshinyi pikala mutshi wa filesystem wa muoyo (fsroot) mmunyanguke anyi? Teka tshintu tshia munda APFS Local Snapshot (mount_apfs -s)¶

Mona tshingoma tshia mu musokoko tshia APFS dilongolola didi nansha bena mudimu ba bungi ba Apple Genius Bar balengulula: Nansha wewe kuyi ne tshiamu tshiebe tshia pambelu tshia Time Machine tshibueja lelu, macOS udi wenza nkayende udi kayi umueneka, udi mua kubala anu APFS Local Snapshots (com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-140512.local anyi com.apple.os.update-...) anu pa SSD webe wa munda dîba dionso ne kumpala kua dishintulula dionso dia programe wa macOS.

Bualu APFS Snapshot i muji wa B-tree (snap_meta_ext_phys_t), nansha mudi tshiamu tshia mudimu (fsroot) uvua munyanguke mu tshikondo tshia dikuluka dia mashinyi kukadi minite 10, tshimfuanyi tshiangatshibue kukadi dîba 1 tshidi ne muji wende wa B-tree udi kayi munyanguke.

1. Funda bimfuanyi bionso bia munda bia APFS bidi pa tshibuelelu tshieba tshia bintu (disk3s5):

   diskutil apfs listSnapshots /dev/disk3s5
   

   Tangila tshidi tshipatuka:

   Snapshot Disk:               disk3s5
   +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-120015.local
   +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-130144.local
   +-- Name: com.apple.os.update-MSUPrepareUpdate
   

2. Teka tshimfuanyi tshia matuku mashale aa buludiludi mu /Volumes/SnapRescue kuenza mudimu ne mount_apfs -s:

   mkdir -p /Volumes/SnapRescue
   mount_apfs -o rdonly -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-130144.local /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/SnapRescue
   

3. Tangila /Volumes/SnapRescue/Users/yourname ne funda tshilaminu tshieba tshijima tshia mudimu mu tshiamu tshieba tshia pambelu ne ditto:

   ditto -V /Volumes/SnapRescue/Users/yourname /Volumes/MyExternalDrive/Rescued_From_Snapshot/
   

Mushindu 3: Kukonkonona bipese bia kale bia Container Checkpoint Superblocks (nx_superblock_t) ne fsck_apfs¶

Netuambe tshinyi pikala tshintu tshijima tshia APFS (/dev/disk0s2 -> disk3) udi ubenga bua kulamakaja, anyi bionso bibidi, volime wa muoyo ne liste wa bimfuanyi bidi binyanguka bualu Container Superblock wa lelu (nx_superblock_t) ku mutu kua tshitekelu tshia tshiibi tshivua tshipanduluke mu tshikondo tshia dijimija dia nzembu dia tshimpitshimpi anyi?

1. Tshia kumpala, enza non-destructive read-only diagnostic verify (-n) pa tshitupa tshia APFS (/dev/disk0s2) bua kumona ID wa dishintakaja kayi (xid) mupangile:

   fsck_apfs -n /dev/disk0s2
   

2. Anu kunyima kua wewe mumane kuteta mushindu 1, mushindu 2, anyi kuenza tshimfuanyi tshia tshitupa (dd ku diske dia pambelu kupitshila ku Target Disk Mode / Share Disk), run fsck_apfs mu mushindu wa dienza dia malu (-y) anyi ne tshikebelu tshia kale tshia tshibandilu (-o / -S mabenda adi akuatshisha kudi Recovery build):

   fsck_apfs -y /dev/disk0s2
   

   Diiba kayi fsck_apfs udi umona ne: tshipiatshipia nx_superblock_t munda mua Checkpoint Descriptor Area mudi Fletcher-64 checksum (obj_cksum), udi wenda nkayende upingana panyima mu tshibuelelu tshia tshijengu tshia tshibandilu (xp_desc_blocks) bua kupeta malu a kale adi ne mushinga wa bungi nx_superblock_t (xid - 1), udi upingaja nsombelu wa tshibombi kunyima mu tusunsa tukese, ne upingaja tshibandilu tshia dîyi.

Tshitupa 4: Kulongolola tshiamu tshia dîba tshidi tshinyanguke .sparsebundle ("Time Machine Must Create a New Backup")¶

Shi tshiamu tshieba tshia Time Machine tshidi pa Synology/QNAP/TrueNAS network share (SMB) anyi tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi munda mua <MacName>.sparsebundle (anyi .backupbundle) tshibuta, ne macOS udi umueneka:

"Time Machine mmujikije dijadika dia bintu biebe bia kulama pa 'NAS'. Bua kulengeja dishindika, Time Machine udi ne tshia kukuenzela tshintu tshipiatshipia tshia kulama."

KUENA "Start New Backup" (kufina pa butone ebu kudi kubutula tshilaminu tshieba tshijima tshia bidimu bia bungi .sparsebundle). Pamutu pa nanku, longolola tshitupa tshia bintu tshidi katshiyi tshikumbane ku diambuluisha dia malu anayi aa mu Mac webe:

Mashinyi a dîba ku kakese ku kakese .sparsebundle / .backupbundle kusungila¶

1. Kubandisha tshitupa tshia réseau (SMB) anyi tshiamu tshia USB mu Finder bua wewe kumona YourMac.sparsebundle (tshilejilu, ku /Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle).
2. Kangula tshintu tshionso tshidi katshiyi tshishintuluka uchg mabendele pa bipese bia sparsebundle: Kangula Terminal pa Mac webe ne upeshe Disk mujima dia kubuela mu Terminal (System Settings -> Privacy & Security -> Full Disk Access), pashishe enza:

   sudo chflags -R nouchg "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle"
   

3. Lamakaja .sparsebundle bu mudi diske dia tshianana dia kubala ne kufunda kakuyi diteka dia tshiamu tshienda tshinyanguke (-nomount):

   sudo hdiutil attach -nomount -noverify -noautofsck -readwrite "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle"
   

   Tangila tshipeta tshia terminal bimpa:

   /dev/disk5              GUID_partition_scheme
   /dev/disk5s1            EFI
   /dev/disk5s2            Apple_APFS                      (or Apple_HFSX on older backups)
   

4. Tangila ni Time Machine webe udi wenza mudimu ne APFS (macOS 11 Big Sur ne mipiamipia) anyi HFS+ (macOS 10.15 Catalina ne ya kale), ne wenze mudimu wa dilongolola dia tshiamu tshia mitaku:
5. Biobi /dev/disk5s2 udi wamba Apple_APFS: Kunyema lubilu diskutil apfs list bua kumona tshilejelu tshia APFS Container tshia disk5s2 (Tshilejelu, Container disk6, Volume disk6s1), unzulula pikalaye mufunda (diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk6s1 -nomount), ne lubilu fsck_apfs:

   sudo fsck_apfs -y /dev/disk5s2
   

6. Biobi /dev/disk5s2 udi wamba Apple_HFS anyi Apple_HFSX: Enza HFS+ catalog B-tree rebuilder (-drfy udi wibaka kabidi tshikandakanda tshia B-tree pikala tshilelela -fy udi upanga):

   sudo fsck_hfs -fy -c 2g /dev/rdisk5s2
   

7. Umbusha diske dia tshianana dilongolola bimpe:

   sudo hdiutil detach /dev/disk5
   

8. Umbusha tshitupa tshia "Poison / Verification Failed" (VerificationState = 2) munda Info.plist ne com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist: Nansha panyima pa fsck_apfs anyi fsck_hfs udi ulongolola bilema 100 pa lukama bia mu tshilaminu tshia mikanda, Time Machine ne tshidi anu ubenga kuenza mudimu ne tshintu tshia kulama too ne paudi umbusha tshimanyinu tshia dipanga tshivuaye mufunde com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist munda mua tshisumbu tshia bintu bikese:

   # Back up the plist first
   cp "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist" ~/Desktop/MachineID.plist.bak
   
   # Edit the plist using plutil / PlistBuddy to reset VerificationState from 2 to 0
   /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :VerificationState 0" "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist"
   /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Delete :RecoveryBackupDeclinedDate" "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist" 2>/dev/null
   

   Mpindieu tuaku pa Back Up Now mu Time Machine (anyi kangula YourMac.sparsebundle mu Finder bua kukopa mikanda buludiludi): tshikondo tshieba tshijima tshia dilama dia malu a kale tshidi tshienda tshikezuke.

Tshitupa 5: Kukolesha macOS APFS, FileVault, ne Time Machine bua kuluisha dikanga dia matuku atshilualua¶

Padibu bamane kusungila malu ebe a Mac, kumbaja liste wa malu 4 aa:

• Ujadike ne upatule kopi wa maleta 24 wa FileVault Personal Recovery Key (fdesetup): Pa Mac udi wenza mudimu, ikala ujadika ne FileVault key webe udi muimpe kuyi ushintulula pa kuenza sudo fdesetup changerecovery -personal (udi upatula tshifungu tshipiatshipia tshia maleta 24 tshia Personal Recovery Key tshiudi mua kulama diakamue mu tshilaminu tshieba tshia meyi a tshisokomenu ne mu tshilaminu tshia kapia).
• Misangu yonso ikala ne 15% (50 GB ku 100 GB) wa muaba wa patupu pa diske dia ntuadijilu dia APFS: Padi tshintu tshia APFS tshiuwule tente ne 99% bukole kumpala kua macOS Sonoma/Sequoia kulongolola, tshiamu tshia mudimu ne APFS Copy-on-Write Object Map (omap) udi mua kujika ne bipese bia tshianana munkatshi mua dilongolola, ne kuenza bua Mac ikale mu tshitupa tshia bootloop tshidi katshiyi mua kutuadija (Error -69845).
• Lama bipatshila bibidi bia Time Machine (anyi kusangisha Time Machine ne rsync / Carbon Copy Cloner / Arq backup): Bualu Time Machine udi wenza mudimu ne bintu bia kulama mu miaba ya bungi (e.g., NAS SMB Share + Local USB-C SSD), kuikala ne tshiamu tshia USB-C SSD tshidi tshilamakaja buludiludi kudi kukujadikila ne: kuena mua kuikala anu wimanyina pa tshiamu tshia nzembu to .sparsebundle bidi mua kunyanguka pikala Wi-Fi mupueka munkatshi mua difunda.
• Kukanga tshibuikidiji tshia MacBook anyi kukoka tshiamu tshia USB-C padi Time Machine wamba Cleaning up... anyi Preparing backup...: Tshitupa atshi tshidi tshishintulula APFS snapshot B-tree ne sparsebundle karte ka tshisumbu.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nansha mudi tshikandakanda tshia FileVault tshikanga anyi tshilaminu tshia Time Machine tshinyanguke tshidi tshitamba kuikala lutatu lua muntu nkayende anyi lua kumpanyi, dikanga dia nzubu ya mudimu didi dinyanga malu a luondapu, midimu ya lukasa lukasa anyi bukubi bua malu adi mikenji ilomba bua kuenza:

• États-Unis ne Canada: Ela 911 pikala dikanga dia nzubu wa mudimu dinyanga dilama dia babedi, biamu bia mudimu, anyi dituma dia bantu mu tshimpitshimpi. Bua bibambalu bia malu a bukola bua mubidi (HIPAA), manya ne padi diske dijima FileVault 2 (AES-XTS-128) udi ufila muaba wa bukubi ku dimanyisha didi kadiyi dianyishibue pikalabu bibe tshiamu tshia ku bianza, dijimija dia kashidi dia mikanda ya babedi idi kayiyi milama kudi bualu budi buenzeka bilondeshile mikenji ya bukubi ya HIPAA (45 CFR § 164.308(a)(7)).
• Royaume-Uni: Ela 999 bua malu a tshimpitshimpi adi anyanga bukubi bua muoyo anyi mishindu ya luondapu ya NHS. Tangila dijimija dia kashidi dia malu a muntu nkayende adi kaayi malama bilondeshile UK GDPR Article 33 (ICO, 0303 123 1113).
• Union européenne: Ela 112 mu matunga onso adi mu UE. Dijimija dia kashidi dia malu a muntu anyi dipanga dia midimu mikole didi dilomba dikonkonona bilondeshile Kanungu ka 33 ka GDPR (mêba 72) ne NIS2 (mêba 24 bua bibambalu bidibu bakuba).
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande: Ela 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande bua diambuluisha dia lukasa.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique: Dial 112 mu India bua diandamuna dia lukasa; manyisha malu a bukubi a mudimu anyi a dikalaku dia bintu bilondeshile mikenji ya CERT-In ne ya DPDP Act.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi Mac wanyi udi uleja volime IBIDI mu Disk Utility (Macintosh HD ne Macintosh HD - Data), ne bua tshinyi dikumbaja dia volime muisatu diakenzeka kunyima kua meme mumane kupingaja macOS?¶

Kubangila mu macOS Catalina (10.15) ne Big Sur (11.0), Apple wakatapulula tshiamu tshia mudimu mu tshiamu tshia kubala anu Bungi bua tshiamu (`Macintosh HD`) ne kubala-kufunda Bungi bua bintu (`Macintosh HD - Data`) badisangishe pamue bu **tshisumbu tshia volime tshia APFS** (nanku Finder udi ubaleja bu tshiamu tshimue). Shi muntu mupingaje macOS mu volime mubi kayi mufute tshisumbu tshia volime bimpa, Disk Utility udi wenza tshipiminu `Macintosh HD - Data - Data` volume padi mikanda yebe ya ku ntuadijilu ishala munda mua ya kale idi kayiyi miteka `Macintosh HD - Data` volime. Nyema `diskutil apfs list` mu Terminal, ela bintu bionso bibidi, ne tangila `/Volumes//Users/` pa tshionso tshia kudibi bua kupeta mikanda yebe ya bushuwa.

Netuambe tshinyi meme mupue mot de passe wanyi wa kubuela mu Mac ne tshifungu tshia FileVault Recovery tshia maleta 24, ne tshiyi muenze bua iCloud FileVault escrow ikaleku?¶

Shi `FileVault 2` udi muenza mudimu pa tshiamu tshia Apple Silicon (`M1/M2/M3/M4`) anyi Intel `T2` Mac ne wewe kanuena ne meyi a tshisokomenu adi makane, Personal Recovery Key, iCloud Recovery escrow, anyi corporate MDM Institutional Recovery Key (`Jamf / Intune`), kabiena mua kuenzeka bua kupatula SSD wa munda to: nansha Apple Engineering nansha laboratware wa mu nzubu mukezuke kena mua kuenzeja tshiamu tshia AES munda mua Secure Enclave (tshidi tshienzeja tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshipita dîba pankatshi pa mateta). Kumpala kua kulekela, nansha nanku, tangila miaba isatu idi tshifungu tshiebe mua kuikalaku: (1) tangila ni konte mukuabu wa Admin udiku pa Mac (`diskutil apfs listcryptousers`); (2) tangila ni Mac webe uvua mufunda mu MDM wa mfumuebe wa mudimu (udi ulama FileVault Recovery Key); anyi (3) kutangila iCloud Drive / Photos / Time Machine backups.

Bua tshinyi diskutil apfs unlockVolume kupanga ne Error: -69593: Checksum verification failed anyi Invalid password (-69507) pandi mumanye ne mot de passe wanyi udi 100% muimpe anyi?¶

Tshia kumpala, tangila **Keyboard Layout** mu ditumba dia kuulu dia dia balume dia tshiamu tshia macOS Recovery: Recovery utu misangu mivule wenza `U.S. QWERTY` nansha mudi MacBook webe muikale ne UK, German (`QWERTZ`), Mfualansa (`AZERTY`), anyi tshiamu tshia Dvorak, tshidi tshikebesha bimanyinu (`@`, `"`, `-`, `_`, `y/z`) mu mot de passe webe bua kufunda maleta mabi. Funda meyi eba a tshisokomenu mu tshikebelu tshia Terminal tshidi tshimueneka kumpala bua kumona maleta malelela adi pa tshizubu, pashishe utshikope ne utshiteke mu tshikebelu tshia meyi a tshisokomenu.

Ndi mua kupingaja mikanda mijimija mu APFS Mac SSD ku diambuluisha dia PhotoRec anyi Disk Drill Shi ndi mupuekeshe bintu mu tshibombi tshia bukoya ku mpukapuka?¶

Pa Mac yonso wa matuku etu aa udi ne SSD wa munda, padibu bumbusha mukanda kampanda ne tshibutshilu tshiumbushibua (ne kakuyi `APFS Local Snapshot` udi uleja bipese abi), macOS udi utuma diakamue tshiamu tshia mudimu **NVMe `Deallocate (TRIM)`** dîyi dia SSD, didi difila zero ku bipese bidi kabiyi bimanyishibue mu tusekonde tukese. Nunku, **njila weba #1 wa kupingaja panyima pa wewe mumane kumbusha bintu bia bukoya pa Mac ki mmushindu wa kuenza mudimu to: udi diakamue ubandisha `APFS Local Snapshot` (`diskutil apfs listSnapshots /` ne `mount_apfs -s`) kumpala kua tshimfuanyi tshia dîba tshienda tshinyunguluka**, anu mudibu bumvuije mu Tshitupa 3 Mushindu 2 udi kulu eku.

Bua tshinyi Mac wanyi uvua mujimije muaba wa diske kumpala kua kunyanguka pamvua mufute 100 GB ya filme minite 10 kumpala?¶

Bualu `APFS` i tshiamu tshia Copy-on-Write, tshidi tshijimija `100 GB` tshikandakanda katshiena **tshipatula** aba to `100 GB` wa bipese bia diske pikala **APFS Local Snapshot** (`com.apple.TimeMachine.*.local`) muangatshila ku ntuadijilu kua lelu utshidi uleja mabue aa (`Purgeable Space`). Shi Mac webe kena mua kutuadija anyi kujikija dilengeja bualu binjinjimbi bidi bikuata `100 GB` wa tshinyangu tshia muulu, buela mu Recovery Terminal, unzulula `Macintosh HD - Data`, funda binjinjimbi ne `diskutil apfs listSnapshots /dev/disk3s5`, ne kumbusha tshimfuanyi tshia kale menemene ne `diskutil apfs deleteSnapshot /dev/disk3s5 -name ` bua kumbusha mabue diakamue.

Mmunyi mundi mua kukopa mikanda mu tshiamu tshia Time Machine tshidi tshimpe anyi tshilongolola bimpe .sparsebundle pa tshiamu tshia Windows anyi tshia Linux pikala Mac wanyi mufue tshishiki?¶

Tshiamu tshia dîba `.sparsebundle` udi anu tshilaminu tshia bintu tshidi ne nkama ya `8 megabyte` bipese bia mikanda (`bands/0`, `bands/1`, `bands/2`...) idi misangisha pamue bua kuenza tshimfuanyi tshia diske dia patupu. Pa Linux (Ubuntu), udi mua kusangisha bipese bia sparsebundle mu tshiamu tshimue tshia virtual block ku diambuluisha dia **`sparsebundlefs`** (`sudo sparsebundlefs /mnt/nas/MyMac.sparsebundle /mnt/virtual_img`), ne pashishe kubandisha tshitupa tshia munda tshia APFS tshidi tshibala anu ku diambuluisha dia **`apfs-fuse`** (`sudo apfs-fuse /mnt/virtual_img/sparsebundle.dmg /mnt/mac_files`) anyi kukangula `.sparsebundle` buludiludi mu **UFS Explorer** / **R-Studio** pa Windows.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• MacOS kernel panic, black screen, ne recovery
• BitLocker, FileVault, ne LUKS encryption recovery key lockout ne TPM reset
• rm -rf anyi Shift+Delete mu mpukapuka pa Linux, macOS, anyi Windows: dipingaja dia lukasa dia kubala anu
• VeraCrypt, BitLocker, anyi Cryptomator uvua munyange mutu wa tshikandakanda, dipingaja dia mutu wa tshilaminu, ne dipingaja dia tshifungu tshia RAM
• SSD ne NVMe mushindu wa kubala anu mu tshimpitshimpi, 0% ya bipese bia tshianana, ne TRIM udi upangisha disungila
• Dilama dia bintu ku ordinatere, tshilele tshia 3-2-1, ne dilongolola dia malu padiku bipupu
• Nomba ya njiwu bilondeshile ditunga

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Apple Inc. (developer.apple.com): Apple File System (APFS) Reference: Container Superblock (nx_superblock_t), Checkpoint Descriptor Ring Buffer (xp_desc), Karte ka bintu (omap_phys_t), ne Volume Snapshot Structures.
• Mukanda wa bukubi wa tshiamu tshia Apple (support.apple.com/guide/security): FileVault 2 Full-Disk Encryption Architecture, Secure Enclave Key Wrapping (VEK / KEK), ne Preboot Volume Synchronization.
• Apple macOS Man Pages: diskutil(8), fsck_apfs(8), mount_apfs(8), hdiutil(1), ne fdesetup(8) Tshimanyishilu tshia dilombola dia bulongolodi.
• Tshilongelu tshia ditunga tshia mikenji ne bia mudimu (NIST) (États-Unis): Mukanda wa pa buawu 800-111: Mukanda wa mishindu ya kulama bintu bua biamu bia mudimu.