Putting the wrong fuel in a car: misfueling emergency steps¶

Realizing at the fuel pump that you have just pumped gasoline (petrol) into a diesel vehicle, diesel into a gasoline tank, or Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) into your main fuel filler neck is an urgent mechanical crisis. What happens in the next thirty seconds determines whether you pay for a simple 20-minute fuel tank drain or face a total high-pressure fuel injection system replacement costing thousands of dollars.

Mukanda ewu udi ukupesha mibelu ya lukasa bua kuepuka mafuta adi ne bukoya bua kupitshila mu motere webe, kumanya bimanyinu bia dipanga dia mafuta pikala mumane kumbuka ku tshipalu, kulama bimpe dipanga dia mafuta ku njila, ne kulombola muena mudimu udi wenza mudimu wa dipatula mafuta anyi nzubu wa dilongolola bua kubenga kukulomba makuta a bungi bua bintu bidi kabiyi bikengela.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kukandi tshifungu tshia kutemesha kapia, kufinyi pa buto bua kutuadija, ne kukangula mashinyi pikala mashinyi eba ateka pompe wa esanse padi tshiibi tshia muendeshi tshiunzulula: Kushiya mashinyi mujima mujima kudi kulama mafuta adi ne bukoya munda mua tshibombi tshia mafuta tshia plastique anyi tshia tshiamu tshia panyima, bipangisha pompe wa dibandisha dia nzembu bua kumuela kumpala mu pompe wa mafuta, ne pompe wa mafuta wa bungi injectors.
2. Lekela tshiamu tshia mashinyi nkayatshi pa kumbusha wewe mua kushintulula mashinyi ku Neutral kuyi mutemeshe tshiamu tshia nzembu: Bikala mashinyi ne bua kuya kule ne tshidila tshia pompe, tangila ni tshiamu tshiebe tshia mashinyi tshidi ne muaba wa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mashinyi bua wewe kumona mua kuela mashinyi mu Neutral kuyi muele tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia ku tshiamu tshia nzembu.
3. Buela munda ne umanyishe muena mudimu wa ku tshisalu tshia mafuta diakamue: Ambila muena mudimu wa tshibutshilu nomba wa pompe uudi ukanga bua yeye kuteka biamu bia bukubi kunyima kua mashinyi ebe, kukanga tshiamu tshia pompe pikala mafuta mapatuke, ne kukuambuluisha bua kuela mashinyi muaba muimpe wa kuimanyika mashinyi kule ne njila ya mashinyi.
4. Tangila mukanda webe wa mafuta ne ufunde bungi bulelela ne tshitupa tshia mafuta: Lama mukanda wa pa mabeji udi uleja bungi bulelela bua litre (anyi gallons) ya mafuta mabi adibu basakidila, dîba dia kusumba, ne tshitupa tshia mafuta, bualu muena mashinyi webe, mumanyi wa malu a dipatuisha dia mafuta, anyi muena mudimu wa assurance nebikale dijinga ne kumanya bungi bulelela bua mafuta.
5. Bikila mudimu wa dikoka dia mafuta anyi diambuluisha dia ku muelelu wa njila bua kukoka mashinyi: Lomba patoke tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi mafuta tshidi ne pompe wa dipingaja mafuta udi ne mukanda wa ATEX anyi udi kayi ne njiwu, anyi lomba bua kukoka mashinyi mu nzubu wa dilongolola mashinyi muaba udibu mua kuela tshibombi tshia mafuta kumpala kua kukudimuna motere.
6. Biwikala ukadi mutuadije motere ne wenda wendesha, koka ne ujime motere pa dîba dia kumpala dia bukubi: Dîba diudi umona tshintu tshidi tshikuma, muishi mukole, tshilema tshiebe, anyi udi umona tshilema tshiebe, ela mashinyi pa dikasa dimpe, ushintulule mashinyi mu Park anyi Neutral, ne ujime motere bua kuimanyika biamu bia pression wa bungi bidi biendakana mu mashinyi ebe.

Dipangadika dia malu: dipanga dia mafuta ne dilombola dia dinyanguka¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Badi bapeta mafuta mabi adibu basakidile mu tshina tshia mafuta"] --> CheckIgn{"Uvuaku mutemeshe kapia anyi mueleshe motere anyi?"}
    CheckIgn -->|"Tòo: Tshifungu tshijika ne motere ki mmulongolola nansha kakese"| SafeTank["Bukoya budi anu mu tshibombi tshia mafuta"]
    SafeTank --> PushCar["Lama mudilu mujima ne umanyishe bena mudimu ba ku tshipalu"]
    PushCar --> DrainOnly["Bikila Mobile Fuel Drain anyi Tow bua kusumba tshiamu tshia Tank Flush"]
    DrainOnly --> Refill["Uwuje ne mafuta mimpe ne upingaje tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bintu padibi bikengela"]
    CheckIgn -->|"Eyowa: Tshiamu tshia mudilu tshidi tshitemeshibua anyi Motere udi wenza mudimu"| WhichType{"Mmushindu kayi wa dijimija dia mafuta uvua muenzeke?"}
    WhichType -->|"Esanse (Esanse) mu motere wa diesel"| HPFP["Njiwu mikole ya tshiamu tshia pompe wa mafuta a bukole bua bungi (HPFP)"]
    WhichType -->|"Diesel mu motere wa esanse"| Fouling["Buji ya nzembu minyanguke, biamu bia oxygène bidi ne nzembu, ne njiwu ya dienza dia bintu"]
    WhichType -->|"DEF (AdBlue) mu tshibombi tshia mafuta a diesel"| Crystal["Dikola dia lukasa dia urea ne dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia injector"]
    HPFP --> StopNow["Koka bimpe ne ujime motere diakamue"]
    Fouling --> StopNow
    Crystal --> StopNow
    StopNow --> Inspect["Tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi bintu: Tangila tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku"]

Bua tshinyi kutemesha kapia kakuyi kutuadija motere kudi anu ne njiwu¶

Baendeshi ba mashinyi ba bungi batu bela meji ne: padibu kabayi banji kuenza mudimu ne motere wa tshiamu tshia mashinyi, kutemesha biamu bia ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi bua kubandisha madidishi a nzembu, kutangila tshipiminu tshia mafuta anyi kushintulula tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshienza mudimu nkayatshi mu Neutral kakuena ne bualu to. Mu mashinyi a matuku etu aa adi ne mafuta, lungenyi elu ludi mua kukudimuna dijimija dia mafuta mu tshina tshia mafuta mu dilongolola dinene dia mashinyi.

Tshikondo tshia dibandisha dia nzembu¶

Mashinyi a bungi a matuku etu aa adi ne esanse ne a dizele adi enza mudimu ne pompe wa nzembu wa nzembu udi ne bukole bukese udibu bateke munda mua tshibombi tshia mafuta (anyi muteka mu mulongo ku tshibuelelu tshia mashinyi) bua kufila mafuta kumpala kua nzubu wa motere:

• Key-on priming: Dîba diudi uteka tshiamu tshia mudimu mu muaba wa "On" anyi "Accessory/Run", anyi ufina tshiamu tshia kutuadija natshi mudimu musangu umue kuyi ne dikasa diebe pa frein, tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi motere (ECU) tshidi tshifila bukole ku pompe wa dibandisha dia mu tshina tshia mâyi munkatshi mua sekonde 2 anyi 5. Bualu ebu budi buenza bua muonji wa mafuta ikale ne bukole bua kufika ku 350 too ne ku 450 kilopascals (50 too ne ku 65 pounds ku inch carré) ne budi buwuja nzubu wa tshiamu tshia mafuta udi muinshi mua tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne tshibuelelu tshia pompe wa bukole bua bungi ne mafuta adi ne bukoya adi afumina kuinshi kua tshina tshia mafuta.
• Dilongolola dia tshiibi tshiunzulula: Mashinyi a bungi a ku Mputu ne a mu Amerike wa ku Nord (mudi Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, ne Stellantis) adi ajula tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi mashinyi ne adi enza mudimu wa kumpala kua tshiibi pa pompe wa mafuta udi ne bukole bukese dîba diudi unzulula tshiibi tshia mashinyi ne tshiibi tshia mashinyi anyi panyima pa mashinyi mamane kunzulula kusomba mu minite mikese.
• Didimuija dia kuikala pabuipi kakuyi tshifungu: Shi mashinyi eba enza mudimu ne tshiibi tshia muendeshi tshiunzulula paudi ku pompe anyi teka tshiibi tshia tshifungu tshia meji mutantshi wa metre 6 (20 feet) kule ne mashinyi bua mashinyi kaakujula bintu biende bia nzembu misangu ne misangu paudi muindile mashinyi bua kuya.

Difuanyikija dia malu adi kaayi makane: bukole buawu, mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne mushindu wa kulongolola¶

Ki bilema bionso bia dipanga dia mafuta bidi ne njiwu ya muomumue to. Bintu bia mubidi bia mafuta, mushindu udibu benze tshilamba tshia kuwuja natshi mafuta, ne bukole budi nabu tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuela mafuta bidi bileja tshidi tshienzeka munda mua motere.

Dikosolola dia malu: esanse (petrole) mu motere wa diesel¶

Kupompa mafuta a esanse adi kaayi ne plomb mu mashinyi a diesel ke kudi kufikisha ku njiwu ya bungi ya dipanga dia esanse ku njila pa buloba bujima. Kujingulula bua tshinyi esanse udi unyanga motere ya diesel ya matuku etu aa kudi kukuambuluisha bua kuangata mapangadika mimpe ne muena mudimu webe.

Bua tshinyi pompe ya esanse kayena mua kuitaba esanse¶

Bishilangane na motere wa esanse, udi wenza mudimu ne bukole bukese bua esanse anyi ne mishindu ya dibueja dia mafuta buludiludi mienza bua bintu bidi binyanguka, motere wa diesel wa lelu udi wimanyina pa pompe wa esanse wa bukole bua bungi menemene (bu mudi Bosch CP4, CP3, Delphi, anyi Denso unit) udi wenza mudimu ne 150 000 ne 000 000 km (22,000 too ne ku 36,000 pounds ku inch kare).

• Diesel i tshintu tshia mafuta; esanse udi tshintu tshidi tshilengeja bintu: Munda mua pompe wa diesel wa bukole bua bungi, biamu bia tshiamu tshikole, biamu bia kuela nabi bintu, ne biamu bia kuela nabi bintu bidi biendakana binunu ne binunu ku minite ne ditantamana dipima mu micron umue (tshitupa tshimue tshia makumi atanu tshia bule bua nsuki ya muntu). Biamu ebi bia munda kabiena bilengeja ne mafuta a motere to; badi babalengeja anu ne mafuta a diesel adi apitshila mu pompe.
• Dinyanguka dia mafuta a mikalu: Padi esanse ubuela mu pompe wa pression wa bungi, ngikadilu yende ya dilengeja idi isukula filme wa mafuta wa mafuta a diesel. Mu tusekonde tukese tua mudimu ne esanse wa bungi, biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne biamu bia cam bidi munda mua pompe bidi bienza mudimu wa tshiamu tshiume ne tshiamu.
• The "glitter" cascade: Padi bintu bia pompe bidi kabiyi ne mafuta bikuatangana, bidi bipatula miliyo ya biamu bia tshiamu tshia magnétique ne bidi kabiyi bia magnétique (bitubu babikila misangu ya bungi ne: "glitter" anyi swarf kudi bena mudimu ba diesel). Pompe udi utuma bitupa ebi bia tshiamu ku 200,000 kilopascals buludiludi kupitshila ku tshiamu tshia mafuta ne mu tshiamu tshia common rail, tshia piezo anyi tshia solenoïde tshia mafuta, ne mu milongo ya dipingaja dia mafuta, ne kutuma bipese bia tshiamu bidi ne bukoya too ne mu tshina tshinene tshia mafuta.
• Dilongolola dia nzubu wa kapia: Pa kumbusha dinyanguka dia pompe, esanse udi ne tshipiminu tshia cetane tshikese menemene (dipanga dia kutemesha kapia anu padibu bamuenzeja) kadi udi ne bukole bua bungi. Mu tshiamu tshia diesel tshidi ne bukole bua bungi (tshitupa tshia 15:1 too ne ku 18:1), esanse udi unyanguka kumpala kua dîba ne ututa mu mushindu udi kauyi mufuanangane, bienza bua tshifulu tshia piston tshikale ne kapia kakole, tshinyangu tshia nsongo ya glow plug, ne dikuma dia tshiamu tshikole.

Netuambe tshinyi wewe muele anu kapepe kakese ka esanse mu tshibombi tshia mazutu?¶

Baendeshi ba mashinyi batu misangu ya bungi badiebeja ni kuela 1 anyi 2 litre (0.25 to 0.5 gallons) ya mafuta a esanse kumpala kua kujingulula tshilema tshiabu ne kuwuja tshitupa tshikuabu tshia 70-litre (18.5-gallons) tshia mafuta a esanse kudi mua kuikala ne bukubi bua kuendesha.

Dikosolola dia bintu: mazutu mu motere wa esanse (essence)¶

Kuteka mafuta a esanse mu mashinyi a esanse nkukole bua kuenza ku mpukapuka ku nzubu wa mudimu wa matuku etu aa bualu tshiamu tshia esanse tshidi ne diamètre wa pambelu wa pabuipi ne 24 millimètres (15/16 inch), kadi tshiamu tshia esanse tshidi katshiyi ne plomb tshidi ne bunene bua 21,5 millimètres (27/16 inch). Nansha nanku, bidi anu bienzeka pa tshibidilu padi bendeshi ba mashinyi basuika tshiamu tshia nzembu ku tshiamu tshia ressort, benza mudimu ne pompe ya kale ya mu misoko, anyi bapongolola mafuta mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi katshiyi ne tshimanyinu.

Tshidi tshienzeka munda mua motere wa esanse padi diesel ubuela¶

• Ditapulula dia bunene mu tshina: Mafuta a mazutu adi ne bujitu bua bungi ne adi ne bujitu kupita mafuta a esanse (pabuipi ne kilo 0,83 too ne ku 0,85 ku litre bua mazutu ne 0,71 too ne ku 0,77 kilo ku litre bua mafuta a esanse). Paudi wela mafuta mu tshibombi tshia esanse, adi apueka lukasa too ne kuinshi kua tshibombi anu muaba udi tshiamu tshia diangatshila mafuta tshia pompe wa esanse.
• Dipanga dia luya ne dinyanguka dia buji: Motere wa esanse udi wimanyina pa mafuta adi anyanguka adi alua lupuishi lutekete ludi lusambakana ne kapepe ne ludi lutemesha bimpe padi buji buenza mudimu. Diesel i mafuta a bujitu adi akengela kapia kakole bua kutemesha. Padibu bawuela mu tshiamu tshia esanse tshidi ne bukole bukese (9:1 too ne ku 11:1), matonsi a diesel kaena afika ku dinyanguka to. Badi balengeja biamu bia nzembu mu tshiamu tshia karbone tshidi ne mafuta tshidi tshipangisha nzembu bua nzembu.
• Dibutuka (dikuma) dia octane mukese: Nansha mudi diesel muikale ne cetane munene, octane wende udi mukese menemene (pabuipi ne 15 too ne ku 25 RON, pa kumona 87 too ne ku 98 bua esanse). Lupepele luonso lua mazutu ludi lubuela mu tshibombi tshia mafuta a kapia ludi luditemesha nkayalu bikole kumpala kua buji kutema, bienza bua dikuma dikole dia kumpala kua kutemesha kapia.
• Mushindu wa luya lua tshiamu tshia nzembu: Bualu tshitupa tshinene tshia mafuta a dizele tshidi tshipita mu bibombi bia esanse kabiyi bikuate, dizele dia mâyi didi dipatuka buludiludi mu biamu bia dipatula nabi luya ne mu tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne kapia ka njila isatu. Munda mua tshiamu tshia catalytic converter honeycomb, mafuta aa adi atema mu luya lukole, apatula muishi mutoke mutoke udi ne mupuya mubi ne udi mua kusunguluja anyi kutshibula tshintu tshia tshiamu tshia ceramique.

Dikosolola dia malu: DEF (AdBlue) malu a tshimpitshimpi a dinyanguka¶

Katshia ku dipatuka dia tshiamu tshia Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) mu mashinyi a diesel, mashinyi manene, mashinyi manene, ne nzubu ya mashinyi, dinyanguka dia mpukapuka pankatshi pa Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF, udibu bapanyisha bu AdBlue mu Mputu, Australie ne Asie) ne mafuta a diesel ndilue tshimue tshia ku bilema bia mushinga mukole bia mu njila.

Tshilejilu A: Uvua muele DEF mu tshibombi tshiebe tshinene tshia mafuta a diesel¶

1. Kutemeshi mudilu nansha mu nsombelu kayi yonso: DEF udi ne 32,5 pa lukama ya urea milengeja mu 67,5 pa lukama ya mayi malelela adi kaayi ne ion, ne bujitu bua kilo 1,09 ku litre. Bu mudiwu ne bujitu bua bungi kupita mafuta a diesel (0.83 kilograms ku litre), DEF kena usambakena ne mafuta a diesel to; udi ubuela buludiludi mu tshina tshia muinshi tshia tshina tshia mafuta tshidi tshinyunguluke tshibombi tshia mafuta.
2. Umanye bua tshinyi biamu bia ditapulula nabi mayi kabiena mua kusungila motere: Nansha mudi mashinyi a dizele mikale ne tshibombi tshia ditapulula dia mayi munda mua tshiamu tshia mafuta tshia kumpala, tshiamu atshi ntshienza bua kukuata anu mililitre mikese ya luya, kadi ki litre ya urea wa mu mayi to. Padi tshiamu tshia kutapulula mayi tshiuwule mu tusunsa tukese, dilongolola dia mayi a urea didi dibuela buludiludi mu pompe wa esanse wa bukole bua bungi ne mu biamu bia kuela nabi mafuta.
3. Dinyanguka ne dinyanguka: Diakamue padi DEF ulenga bintu bia motere bidi ne kapia anyi usomba munda mua njila ya mafuta, mayi adi anyanguka ne ashiya mabue a urea matoke adi akuata bipese bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne biamu bia kupima nabi, eku binyanguka lukasa bintu bia aluminium, tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia mitaku, ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku.
4. Wewe kuyi mukudimune tshifungu: Muena mudimu wa mafuta anyi nzubu wa dilongolola udi mua kuela anyi kuela tshibombi tshia mafuta, kupompa tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia DEF ne mazutu, kusukula tshibombi bimpe menemene bua kakuikadi tshintu tshitoke tshia kristale tshishale, ne kuwuja kabidi ne mafuta mapiamapia.
5. Wewe mutuadije motere kadi muimane: Mashinyi adi ne tshia kukokibua ku nzubu wa dilongolola dia mazutu. Mu misangu yonso idi DEF mupitshile ku tshiamu tshia kumpala mu pompe wa pression wa bungi ne mu biamu bia kuela nabi mafuta, tshiamu tshijima tshia kuela natshi mafuta tshidi ne bua kuikala tshikosolola, tshisukula anyi tshipingajibua ku diambuluisha dia ultrasons, ne tshisukula.

Tshilejilu B: Uvua muele mafuta anyi mafuta mu tshibombi tshiebe tshia DEF (AdBlue)¶

1. Lama motere mujima: Pompe wa DEF udi ulombodibua kudi nzembu ne udi anu ufila bukole ku mulongo wa DEF kunyima kua motere mumane kutuadija ne tshiamu tshia luya tshia mu mashinyi tshifika ku tshipiminu tshia mudimu. Shi kuena mutuadije motere, mazutu anyi esanse bidi bienda pa mutu pa DEF mule munda mua tshina tshia DEF tshia plastique.
2. Bua tshinyi dinyanguka dia hydrocarbure didi dinyanga tshiamu tshia SCR: Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia DEF, pompe ya diaphragme, ne biamu bia kukanga nabi bidi bienza ne tshiamu tshia ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) ne tshiamu tshia plastique tshienza bua kukandamena urea wa alkaline, ki mbua petrole to. Hydrocarbures ya petrole idi yenza bua seals ya caoutchouc ya EPDM ikole, iteketa, ne inyanguka lukasa. Kabidi, pikala tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mafuta tshiela diesel anyi esanse mu tshiamu tshia selective catalytic reduction (SCR), mafuta adi atema pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia catalyse ne anyanga tshiamu tshia mushinga mukole tshidi tshibuikila.
3. Dilongolola diakane: Enza bua mashinyi akoka anyi alongolola pa muaba bua kujikija mâyi onso a mu tshina tshia DEF. Bu mudi diesel wenda pa mutu pa DEF, anu kunzulula tshibuelelu tshia kuinshi kudi kukoka mafuta panshi kupitshila ku bimanu bia munda ne ku biamu bia mudimu bia mu tshina; muena mudimu udi ne tshia kuowa munda mua tshina tshia DEF ne tshintu tshia pa buadi tshia diumusha mafuta anyi mayi a distillation too ne padi mafuta a mvula a mvula kaayi ashala kumpala kua kuwuja kabidi ne DEF mujadika kudi ISO 22241.

Mukenji wa tshitupa ku tshitupa pikala ukadi muye ne mashinyi ne mashinyi adi ajika¶

Imue misangu bendeshi ba mashinyi kabatu bamanye ne: mbapompe mafuta mabi ku tshipalu to. Pamutu pa nanku, badi bapingana mu njila ne kunyima kua kilometre 1 too ne ku 5, motere udi utuadija kukuma, ukuma bikole, upatula muishi, ne ujimija lubilu bualu mafuta mimpe avua mu milongo ya mafuta kumpala kua kuwuja mafuta ne tshintu tshipiatshipia tshinyanguke tshidi tshifika ku biamu bia kuela nabi mafuta.

flowchart TD
    Symptom["Motere udi ukuma, ufuma, anyi ujimija bukole kunyima kua dikumbaja dia mafuta"] --> Signal["Temesha minda ya njiwu ne uleje tshimanyishilu tshia ku luseke lua njila"]
    Signal --> Coast["Ikala ne mashinyi mu tshiamu anyi mu tshitupa tshia tshianana bua kupatuka ku muelelu kua njila ya mashinyi"]
    Coast --> Stop["Imanyika mashinyi pa dikaya dia bukubi anyi pa muaba wa kutekela mashinyi"]
    Stop --> ShutOff["Ima motere diakamue ne kutetshi bua kutuadija kabidi to"]
    ShutOff --> Evacuate["Shi udi mu njila wa lubilu lua bungi, patuka kule ne mashinyi kunyima kua tshimanu tshia tshiibi"]
    Evacuate --> CheckReceipt["Tangila mukanda wa dipeta dia mafuta mu tshibombi anyi mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi bua kujadika mafuta mabi"]

1. Teka kumpala diepuka dia dikokangana pa mutu pa dilama dia motere mu tusunsa 10 tudi tulonda: Shi udi mu njila wa lubilu mu njila munene padi motere utuadija kuela mbila, kujimiji tshifungu tshia mudilu paudi wenda lubilu, bualu kujima motere kudi kupangisha tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu. Diakamue, temesha biamu biebe bia kudimuija nabi njiwu, tangila lumuenu luebe, ne uende bimpe mu mashinyi pa dikaya dia balume (anyi dikaya dia dia bakaji mu matunga adi ne mashinyi a dia bakaji bu mudi: Royaume-Uni, Australie ne Japon) padi mashinyi atshidi ne bukole.
2. Imana bionso ne ujime motere diakamue: Diakamue padi nkata imana pa dikaya dia bukubi anyi pa tshibandilu tshia kupatuka, ushintulule mashinyi mu Park (anyi mu vitese wa kumpala ne frein wa ku bianza muele) ne ujime motere mujima.
3. Kuena ne bua kubandisha kabidi motere wa tshibangidilu bua kumona ni udi mua kuikala mutoke": Dishintuluka dionso dia motere wa tshibangidilu didi dishintulula pompe wa mafuta wa pression wa bungi musangu mukuabu kayi ne mafuta. Shi motere wa diesel muimane bua dinyanguka dia esanse, kumukuma misangu ne misangu mu tusunsa 30 pa dikaya ke tshienzedi tshidi tshisaka pompe wa esanse udi mua kupingajibua bua kupita muaba wa dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshikole.
4. Umbusha bantu mu mashinyi muaba wa bukubi: Shi udi mupangile pa dikaya dia njila wa lubilu lukole anyi wa munkatshi mua matunga, lomba bantu bonso bua kupatuka mu mashinyi ku biibi bidi bitangile kule ne mashinyi ne kuimana bimpe kunyima kua tshimanu tshia ku muelelu kua njila anyi kuulu kua tshibandabanda. Shi mashinyi eba mapangile mu njila wa ngendu ne kena mua kupatuka mu njiwu, udi mua kubikila nimero wa njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi tangila nimero wetu nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu tshia njila bua se: balami ba njila bafike ku diteka tshiamu tshia kapia anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mikete panyima pebe.

Midimu ya kupatula mafuta ku mashinyi ne dilongolola dia nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu: kukuba tshibombi tshieba¶

Padi mashinyi ebe mamane kuimana bimpe ne mudilu mujima, udi ne mishindu ibidi minene ya kujikija lutatu elu: kubikila mashinyi a pa buawu adi ambula mafuta bua kulua muaba uudi musombele, anyi kulomba mashinyi adi akoka mashinyi bua kuya ne mashinyi ebe ku nzubu wa dilongolola dia mashinyi anyi ku nzubu wa dipanyishila mashinyi udibu banyishile.

Padi mudimu wa diumusha dia mafuta udi ku makasa udi mushindu muimpe wa kusungula¶

Mu Royaume-Uni, mu Irlande, mu Australie, mu Nouvelle-Zélande, mu matunga a ku Mputu, ne mu bimenga binene bia mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, bena mudimu badi benza mudimu wa diendakana mêba 24 (ne kabidi bisumbu bia pa buabi bidi bilombodibua kudi AA, RAC, ADAC, ne bisumbu bia ku njila) badi mua kulua buludiludi ku tshisalu tshia mafuta kumpala kua dîba.

• Mushindu udi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshienza mudimu: Mumanyi udi ulamakaja pompe wa tshiamu tshia mashinyi udi kayi mua kututa ne nkamba ya buloba ku tshina tshia mafuta tshia mashinyi ebe anyi ku tshiibi tshia kuteta tshia muinshi mua mashinyi tshidi ne bukole bukese. Badi bapompa 100 pa lukama ya mafuta adi ne bukoya mu tshibombi tshikanga tshidi munda mua mashinyi abu, basukula tshina tshia mafuta ne litre mikese ya mafuta mimpe, bapompa adi asukula, bateka mafuta mapiamapia ne tshintu tshidi ne mafuta a bungi mu tshisuku tshia mafuta, ne bajadika ne: motere udi utuadija ne wenza mudimu bimpe.
• Dîba ne mushinga: Wewe kuyi muenze mudimu ne motere too ne padi mashinyi anyanguka, dijimija dia mafuta didi diangata minite 45 too ne ku 60 anu ku tshisalu tshia mafuta ne didi dilomba tshitupa tshikese tshia dilongolola dia nzubu wa dipana (misangu ya bungi 200 too ne ku 450 USD anyi 150 too ne ku 300 GBP, kusangisha ne bitadi bia dibutula dia mafuta adi manyanguke ne mafuta mapiamapia a 100 mafuta).

Mushindu kayi wa kujadika ni dilomba dia muena mudimu dia dishintulula dia tshiamu tshia mafuta didi diakane¶

Wewe mukoka mashinyi a mafuta adi kaayi ne mafuta mu tshisalu tshinene, bafidi ba mibelu batu misangu ya bungi bamba ne: "dishintulula dia tshiamu tshia mafuta tshijima" (tshibombi tshipiatshipia tshia mafuta, pompe wa dibandisha, pompe wa pression wa bungi, njila ya mafuta, njila ya kupingana nayi, ne biamu bionso binayi, bisambombo anyi muanda mukulu bia piezo injecteurs) bidi mua kufika ku 6 000 too ne ku 500 USD (5000,000 too ne ku 12,000 GBP), nansha pavua motere kayi muanji kutuadija anyi wenda anu mu masekonde makese.

Wenza mudimu ne liste wa malu a tshikebelu etshi kumpala kua kuanyishila binunu bia dolare bua kupingaja bitupa:

• Biwikala kuyi muanji kutemesha kapia anyi kutuadija motere: Pompe wa esanse wa pression wa bungi kavua muanji kunyunguluka nansha musangu umue to. Biamu bia zero bidi mua kuikalaku mu tshijengu tshia bukole bua bungi. Benga ne muoyo mujima dilomba dionso dia kupingaja pompe wa pression wa bungi anyi injecteurs; ambila nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu bua kuenza dipatula ne disukula anu mu tshina tshia mâyi ne mu tshisuku, anyi lomba bua bakoke mashinyi kudi mumanyi wa malu a diesel udi kayi ne bumfumu.
• Bikala motere mutuadije, lomba bua kuanji kumona tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mafuta ne tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mafuta: Kumpala kua kupingaja biamu bia kuela nabi mafuta ne pompe, mumanyi wa malu a diesel udi umbusha tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mafuta tshia kumpala ne unzulula tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mafuta (Volume Control Valve / FCA) tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mafuta tshia pression wa bungi. Badi batangila bipese bia filtre ne tshiamu tshia valve muinshi mua butoke bua bungi ne ne tshiamu tshia nzembu bua kumona ni kudi mabala a tshiamu adi akenka ("glitter").
• Bikala kakuena tshiamu tshia mitaku mu tshisuku anyi mu tshiamu tshia kupima natshi bintu: Pompe wa pression wa bungi kavua mudienzeje kumpala kua motere kuimanyika to. Dilongolola diakane ndilongolola dia tshina tshiuwule tente ne tshina tshia mafuta, dishintulula dia tshiamu tshia kumpala ne tshibidi tshia mafuta, diumusha dia tshitekelu tshia mafuta, ne diwuja kabidi ne dizeli dipiadipia ne tshiamu tshia kulengeja natshi mafuta.
• Bikala tshiamu tshia mitaku tshimueneka pa tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia kupima nabi anyi mu tshibombi tshia tshisuku: Pompe wa pression wa bungi mmukengeshibue ne tshiamu tshia munda ne mmunyange tshiamu. Mu uno mwanda, kupingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikole, biamu bia kuela nabi mâyi, biamu bia kuela nabi mâyi, ne biamu bia kuela nabi mâyi (ne kusukula tshina tshia mâyi ku diambuluisha dia ultrasons) kudi ne mushinga wa bungi, bualu kushiya nansha biamu bikese bia tshiamu tshia mitaku mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi nekubutule biamu bipiabipia bia kuela nabi mâyi mu lumingu lumue.

Mushindu kayi wa kuepuka dijimija dia mafuta mu matuku atshilualua¶

Dijimija dia mafuta didi dienzeka misangu ya bungi paudi wendesha mashinyi a kufutshila audi kuyi mumanye, paudi wenda ushintulula pankatshi pa mashinyi a mudimu a diesel ne mashinyi a dîku adi ne esanse, paudi wela mafuta paudi mutshioke anyi paudi ne lungenyi luimpe, anyi paudi upeta mekala a tshiamu tshia pompe tshiudi kuyi mumanye mu ditunga dikuabu.

Kueyemenyi nansha kakese mekala a tshianza tshia pompe ku mikalu¶

Tshimue tshia ku bintu bidi bitamba kufikisha ku dijimija dia mafuta mu mikalu ya ditunga ntshia kuela meji ne: mafuta a vert ne a black adi umvuija bualu bumue miaba yonso pa buloba:

• Mu ditunga dia États-Unis: Green pompe ne hoses idi ifila diesel mafuta, kadi black (anyi jaune/mutoke/blue bilondeshile tshimanyinu) idi ifila esanse udi kayi ne plomb. (Ilaija: mu imue nzubu ya mashinyi ya mu États-Unis, BP udi wenza mudimu ne tshimanyinu tshia vert pa mapompe a esanse, adi akuata binunu ne binunu bia bendeshi ba mafuta a esanse tshidimu tshionso).
• Mu Royaume-Uni ne mu matunga onso a ku Mputu: Mukanda wa mekala udi mushilangane menemene udi wenza mudimu. Maboko a pompe a a vert adi afila esanse udi kayi ne plomb (esanse / Eurosuper 95 anyi E10), eku mashinyi a pompe mafiike adi afila mafuta a mazutu (Esanse / الغازوال / Gasóleo / Diesel).
• Bala misangu yonso tshimanyishilu tshia bintu bia tshiamu ne kode wa esanse udi pa tshiamu tshia nzembu: Munda mua Union européenne ne mu Royaume-Uni, tshiamu tshionso tshia nzembu tshia pompe ne tshiibi tshia mafuta tshia mashinyi bidi ne bimanyinu bia mafuta bia mu tshimfuanyi: tshijengu (E5, E10, E85) misangu yonso udi uleja esanse/éthanol, ne karé (B7, B10, XTL) misangu yonso udi uleja diesel.

Biamu bia mudimu bia kuepuka nabi mafuta¶

Shi udi wendesha mashinyi a mazutu adi kaayi ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mafuta munda mua tshibuelelu tshia mafuta, udi mua kuteka tshiamu tshia kukanda natshi mafuta (bu mudi SoloDiesel anyi Fuelangel). Bino bipese bya tshiamu bidi bikuata anyi bikanga mu nshingu webe wa tshiamu tshia diesel ne bienza mudimu ne biamu bia kukanga nabi bidi ne ressort bidi anu biunzuluka padibu babifina musangu umue kudi tshintu tshinene tshia 24-millimetre (15/16 inch), bikanga tshintu tshikese tshia 21-millimetre (13/16 inch) tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mu tshiamu tshia diesel.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshisumbu tshia mashinyi tshia mu Amerike (AAA, États-Unis): Dikuba dia dijimija dia mafuta, buludiki bua mashinyi bua diesel mu esanse ne esanse mu mafuta, ne mikenji ya dilongolola dia mashinyi ku muelelu kua njila.
• Tshisumbu tshia mashinyi ne Royal Automobile Club (AA / RAC, Royaume-Uni): Esanse mu mashinyi (Esanse mu Diesel ne AdBlue Contamination) Technical Field Data ne Mobile Fuel Drain Standards.
• Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club (ADAC, Germany): Falsch getankt: Was tun bei Benzin im Dieseltank oder Diesel im Benziner (Technical Guidance on High-Pressure Pump Lubrication and E10/B7 EU Labeling).
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, Royaume-Uni): Diumusha ne dilama dia mafuta a petrole ne diesel mu nzubu ya dilongolola dia mashinyi.
• Bulongolodi bua buloba bujima bua dilongolola dia mikenji (ISO, buloba bujima): ISO 22241 Diesel Engines NOx Reduction Agent AUS 32 (DEF/AdBlue) Quality Standards and Hydrocarbone Contamination Limits.
• Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA, États-Unis): NFPA 30 ne NFPA 30A Code bua nzubu ya difila dia mafuta a mashinyi ne mushindu muimpe wa kulama bintu bia mu tshitupa tshia kumpala bidi mua kuosha.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dienza dia mazutu a dizeli ne mashika a DEF mu muvu wa mashika
• Emergency roadside repairs and troubleshooting
• Dinyanguka dia mashinyi