Kukanga munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshia mashika: Dipatuka mu tshimpitshimpi ne dipanduka¶

Biamu bia mashika bia mu tshisalu (bidi bienza mudimu ku 1 too ne ku 4 degre Celsius / 34 too ne ku 40 degre Fahrenheit) ne biamu bia kuenza nabi mashika (bidi bienza mudimu ku minus 18 too ne ku minus 30 degre Celsius / 0 too ne ku 22 degre Fahrenheit, ne tshiamu tshia mashika tshia pa buatshi tshidi tshifika ku 4 degre Celsius / 40 Celsius minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit) i nzubu idi kayiyi mua kubuela luya, idi ne tshiamu tshia polyurethane tshidi tshilamakaja bikole tshidibu bateka mu nzubu ya kudiila, mu nzubu ya dipanyishila bintu, mu otele, mu lupitadi, mu nzubu ya dienza maluvu ne mu nzubu ya dilamina bintu bia mashika. Tshiibi tshionso tshia matuku etu aa tshidi tshilomba kudi mikenji bua kuikala ne tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshikenka mu mîdima (anyi tshiamu tshia kuela nabi buôwa) tshienza bua kupita tshiibi tshia pambelu ne kukangula tshiibi tshia munda. Kadi bena mudimu ne bantu badi batangila anu badi anu bakuata munda mua biamu bia mashika tshidimu tshionso padi luya lukole luenza bua tshiamu tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikale tshikole, padi tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshidi ne nshinga tshipatuka anyi tshipatuka kudi tshintu tshidi tshikuata palete, padi tshisumbu tshia bibombi bia mashika anyi tshintu tshidi tshienda tshibuela pambelu pa tshiibi anyi pa tshiibi anyi pa tshiibi padi tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshikanga pa njila wa pa mutu.

Munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mushinga mukole tshidi ne luya lua 23 degrés Celsius (10 degrés Fahrenheit), biamu bia tshiamu tshia evaporateur bidi pa mutu bidi bipuekesha kapepe ka lubilu lukole ka muinshi mua zero katupa katupa mu kazubu, bienza bua lupepele lukole ludi luenda lukola muinshi mua 35 degrés Celsius (minus 10 degrés Fahrenheit) muena mudimu muvuale tshilamba tshitekete tshia mu tshikuku anyi tshilamba tshia kusukula natshi malonga mu minite mikese. Bibi menemene, munda mua bintu bia kunua bia mashika bidi ne dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)) bua kuenza nabi maluvu ne soda, anyi munda mua nzubu ya dilamina bintu idi ne mashika kudi amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi (\(NH_3\)) anyi azote wa mâyi, tshintu tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshikudimuna tshibombi tshidi tshikebesha lufu lukasa nzubu. Kumanya mua kupatuisha tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshikole kuyi utapa tshintu tshiatshi tshia plastike, mushindu wa kukosolola tshintu tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi kupitshila mu tshiamu tshia magnétique, mushindu wa kukanga anyi kukanga tshiamu tshia evaporateur tshidi pa mutu bua kuimanyika dijimija dia kapia, ne mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne alarme wa luya lukole lua mu tshikuku bua kubikila bantu badi bapandisha; ikala ne muaba webe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi kulama, ne kukonkonona hypothermie ne diambuluisha dia kumpala dia mashika, kapepe ka karbone ne mashika maume, ne dipanga dia luya mu muaba mukanga.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Teta mupuya weba ne utangile ni udi ne mupuya mubi anyi tshipupu tshia tshimpitshimpi mu masekonde 3 a kumpala. Shi muntu udi mu nzubu udi ne bia kunua bia maluvu/soda dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)) ne udi umvua mupuya mukole wa aside wa carbonique mu mishiku yebe anyi mupuya mubi wa tshimpitshimpi, anyi wewe mumvue mupuya mubi udi ne mupuya mubi, ** 30 too ne ku 60 sekonde bua kukangula tshiibi ku bukole anyi kutshibula dididishi dia makala kumpala kua kujimija lungenyi.
2. Keba tshintu tshidi tshipatuka mu mîdima tshidi munda mua tshiibi (nansha mudi minda kayiyi mijima) ne utshitute buludiludi pambelu ne tshianza tshiebe tshidi tshibalakane. Kuena kukuma tshintu atshi ku luseke anyi kutshikuma ne tshikasa tshiebe tshia makasa to, tshidi tshikosa mutshi wa fibre de verre wa munda; Shi neje mikuate tshiamu tshia nzembu, ulengeja anyi utshibule tshilamba tshia neje ku diambuluisha dia luya lua bianza biebe ne mupuya wa kapia anyi pa kutapa bitekete bitekete pa tshilamba tshia tshiamu kumpala kua kutshikosa buludiludi.
3. Bikala tshiibi tshikanga pambelu anyi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitshibuka, LEKA lupepele lua mashika diakamue pa kukanga anyi kukanga tshiamu tshia luya tshidi pa mutu. Tangila pa kazubu ka tshiamu tshia evaporateur kadi ku plafond anyi ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia munda tshia muendu bua kupeta tshiamu tshia ventilateur (anyi umbusha tshiamu tshia mashika ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia mashika nzubu), anyi jam bibombi bia karton bifunda kumpala kua tshiamu tshia ventilateur bua kapepe ka muinshi mua zero kalekedi kupatuka mu mubidi webe.
4. KUTEKI bianza, minu, anyi mishiku miume buludiludi ku bipese bia tshiamu tshia aluminium, ku bimanu bia tshiamu tshia inox, anyi ku bitanda bia tshiamu bidi ne luya lua 20 degrés Celsius (minus 4 degrés Fahrenheit). Dikoba diume didi dikola diakamue too ne ku tshiamu tshia sub-zero padibu balenga; misangu yonso udi mua kuela bianza biebe mu tshilamba tshiume, mu karton, anyi mu maboko a tshilamba kumpala kua kuangata bitupa bia tshiibi tshia tshiamu anyi biamu bia mudimu.
5. Enza tshiamu tshia luya tshia pambelu tshia mu tshikuku pa kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia thermistor tshidi pa tshimanu ne bianza biebe anyi ne mupuya. Keba tshiamu tshikese tshia tshiamu anyi tshia plastique tshidi ne bunene bua crayon tshidi tshilamakaja ku tshimanu tshia munda (pa tshibidilu pabuipi ne tshibuelelu tshia tshiibi anyi tshia ku tshiibi tshia luya) ne tshikuate bikole mu tshianza tshiebe anyi mu mupuya webe munkatshi mua minite 23; kubandisha tshiamu tshia nzembu pa mutu pa 4 too ne ku 10 degre Celsius (40 to ne 50 degre Fahrenheit) kudi kuenza bua tshiona tshikole tshia piezo ne tshiona tshikunze tshidi tshikenka pa tshimanu tshia pambelu tshia mu tshikuku anyi pa biro bia mfumu.
6. Emba tshikuku tshia bukubi tshidi tshikuba panshi pa tshiamu tshia mashika ku diambuluisha dia karton miume ne tshilamba tshia plastike. Kusomba anyi kulala buludiludi pa tshiamu tshia diamant tshia aluminium to; ela bipese 4 anyi 6 bia karton muinshi mua makasa eba ne tshibasa, wela dibeji anyi karton munda mua tshilamba tshiebe ne mu pantalo, ne wela pallet-film mu tshitupa tshia mubidi webe bua kukuata kapia ka mubidi webe paudi ukuma ku tshimanu ne tshintu tshikole (kuyi ne tshianza tshiebe tshia patupu) padi ventilateur ujika.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Mubuikila munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshia mashika¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Mukanga anyi mukuatshike munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshia mashika tshia mushinga mukole"] --> GasCheck{"Kudi tshina tshia CO2 tshidi tshipatuka, lupuishi lua mabue a mashika, anyi mupuya mukole wa ammoniake anyi?"}
    GasCheck -->|"EYOWA: Disama dia mupuya anyi njiwu ya tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne buanga"| GasEscape["1. KUKANYI pabuipi ne panshi (mashinyi a CO2 adi panshi); 2. Fina tshintu tshia munda tshia dipatuka ne bukole bua tshianza tshilulame tshipite bungi; 3. Bikala tshiibi tshikanga ne tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne biibi bia dikala dia makala, utshibule anyi upuekesha biibi bia makala diakamue; 4. Lama mupuya ne patuka mu lupepele luimpe; bikila 911 / 112 / 999"]
    GasCheck -->|"NO: Lupepele ludi mua kupuyakana, tshiibi katshiena mua kunzuluka to"| DoorType{"Bua tshinyi tshiibi tshia kubuela katshiena tshiunzuluka?"}
    DoorType -->|"Tshiibi tshidi anu tshikanga (tshiibi tshia bukole bua tshiibi)"| VacuumLock[". 2. Peshi ela tshiamu tshia arjan, tshifungu, anyi tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi kazubu kunyima kua tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi ku nseke bua kutshibula tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu; 3. Ela tshiibi tshiunzulula bitekete bitekete"]
    DoorType -->|"Tshiamu tshia munda tshia Glow tshidi tshikole ne mashika anyi tshitshibuka"| FixLatch["1. KUTUA piston ku luseke (snaps rod); 2. Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne mashika ne bianza bitupu/mupuya bua kulengeja tshilamba tshia mashika, pashishe utshipatule buludiludi; 3. Shi tshingoma katshienaku, bueja tshiamu tshia tournevis, tshipenyi, anyi tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia thermometer mu tshina bua kuela tshiamu tshia tshiibi tshia pambelu; 4. Peshi udi mua kupatula tshiamu tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku / tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bikalabi bikumbana"]
    DoorType -->|"Dikalu/mabokoshi manene adi akanga tshiibi tshia pambelu anyi tshiibi tshidi tshikoseka tshidi tshikanga"| SurviveAndSignal["1. Kanga tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia evaporateur anyi kanga tshiamu tshia ventilateur ne karton diakamue; 2. Kuata tshiamu tshia kumanyisha natshi luya lua munda mua tshimanu mu tshianza tshikole munkatshi mua minite 3 bua kujula alarme wa luya lukole lua pambelu; 3. Shi biibi bia dileja dia maluvu bia makopo bidi pa tshimanu tshimue, banda pa tshitekelu tshia bintu ne upatuke ku tshiibi tshia dileja; 4. Enza tshilamba tshia panshi tshia karton ne tshilamba tshia shrink-wrap; tshikunji tshia tshiamu tshia kilo ne tshintu tshikole"]

Bua tshinyi tshiibi tshia kubuela tshidi tshibenga kunzuluka (ne mushindu kayi wa kutshimuna tshiamu tshionso)¶

Kumpala kua wewe kuditshioka, wela dikaya diebe ku tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia 10-centimetre (4-inch) tshidi tshikuba tshiibi, ela meji ne: ntshinyi tshia ku bintu binayi bidi bifikisha ku dikanga dia tshiibi tshidi tshikanga tshiibi:

1. Tshiibi tshia 30-sekonde tshia luya (dipuekesha dia kapepe kunyima kua tshiibi tshimane kukuma)¶

Paudi ubuela mu tshikuku tshia 20-20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit) mu tshikuku tshia 27-degree-Celsius (80-degree-Fahrenheit), luya lua kapia ludi lubuela munda. Diakamue padi tshiibi tshikanga, kapepe ka muinshi mua zero ka mu tshikuku kadi kafila kapepe ka 45 degrés Celsius mu masekonde makese.

Bilondeshile mikenji ya Ideal Gas (\(PV = nRT\)), lupepele lua mashika ludi luenda lukola ne luenza tshitupa tshikole tshia tshianana munda mua kazubu kakanga. Nansha dipueka dikese dia 0.035 bar (0.5 psi) pa tshiibi tshia 0.9-ku-2.0-metre (3-ku-6.5-foot) didi ditshikoka munda pa tshilamba tshiatshi ne 600 kilograms (1,300 pounds) ya bukole bua dikoka.

• Mushindu kayi wa kutshimuna tshiamu tshia vacuum mu masekonde 10:
• Indila tusunsa 15 to ne ku 30 bua kupeta tshiibi tshia dipuekesha dia luya: Tshiamu tshionso tshia mashika tshidi ne tshiibi tshikese tshia kapia tshia tshia tshia dipuekesha luya pabuipi ne plafond tshidi tshiela mbila bitekete munkatshi mua masekonde 15 to ne ku 30 padi luya lua pambelu lulengeja luya.
• Tyumuna tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia magnétique ku nseke: Shi tshibuelelu tshia luya tshikale tshikole, ela tshiamu tshia tshiamu, tshifungu, tshiamu tshia arjan, tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi kazubu, anyi minu yebe idi ne bianza pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia tshiibi tshia magnétique tshia caoutchouc ne kazubu. Kupanda tshitupa tshia 5-centimetre (2-inch) kudi kulekela kapepe ka mu tshikuku kabuela munda, kutshibula tshipepele tshia kilo 600 diakamue.

2. Tshintu tshia munda tshidi tshikole anyi tshinyanguke (Kason push-rod)¶

Biibi bia mu tshisalu bidi ne tshiibi tshia pambelu ne tshintu tshia munda tshidi tshikenka mu mîdima tshilamakaja ne tshiamu tshia fibre de verre anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipita ku tshiibi tshia foam tshia 10-centimetre (4-inch). Nansha padibu bakanga pambelu ne tshikunji, kuela tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshikenka bululame pambelu kudi kupatula tshintu tshia pambelu tshidi tshikuma anyi kudi kupatula tshiamu tshia munda bua tshiibi tshiunzuluke.

Shi luya lukola kunyunguluka tshiamu anyi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshinyanguke, enza mudimu ne bypass menemene bua dipanga adi:

3. Mashinyi a mu tshisalu tshinene / a mu tshisalu tshia bintu bia patupu adi ne biibi bia dikala dia makala ("Beer Caves")¶

Shi udi mukanga munda mua tshisalu tshinene, mu tshisalu tshia bintu bia patupu, anyi mu tshikuku tshia bilongo mudi tshimanu tshimue tshidi ne biibi bia makala bitangile ku tshibuelelu tshia tshisalu:

1. Kuena mukuatshike to: Bitekelu bia nshinga bidi kunyima kua biibi bia makala bidi ne bitekelu bia nshinga anyi bia nshinga ya bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi.
2. Patukila ku tshiibi tshia makala: Ela bibombi bia maluvu ku tshitupa tshimue tshia pankatshi, bandisha tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku kuulu ku maboko atshi a plastique (anyi enda pankatshi pa matanda), ukangula tshiibi tshia makala tshidi katshiyi tshikanga, ne ubuele mu tshibuelelu tshia tshisalu.

4. Biibi bia tshiamu tshia mashika bidi biendakana¶

Mu nzubu ya dilamina bintu mu mashika, biibi bia forklift bidi bienza mudimu ne mashinyi manene anyi a bianza biibi bidi biendakana pa njila idi pa mutu. Shi tshisanji tshikanga paudi munda:

1. Koka tshingoma tshia munda tshikunze tshia Emergency Manual Disengage cord: Tshiibi tshionso tshidi ne motere tshidi ne tshingoma tshikunze tshia munda pabuipi ne mutu tshidi tshipatula embrayage wa mashinyi ku mukaba anyi ku nkanu.
2. Umbusha luseke lua panyima pa tshilamba tshia panshi: Biibi bidi bienda bipueka pa bitupa bia panshi padibi bikanga. Wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu, anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu bu tshintu tshidi tshienza mudimu muinshi mua muelelu wa kuinshi bua kutshibandisha 1 centimètre (0,4 inches) ku tshiamu tshia cam wedge bua tshilue tshienda tshitangalake.

Minite 5 ya kumpala ya muoyo padi tshiibi tshikanga kudi pambelu¶

Shi tshitekelu tshia bintu tshikole, palete mukuluke, anyi tshitekelu tshidi tshikuluke tshikanga pambelu pa tshiibi tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka pambelu, kuela tshiamu tshia munda kakuena mua kumbusha tshiibi to. Bua kuikala ne muoyo bidi bilondeshila ku kuimanyika dijimija dia kapia ne kuenza bua tshiona tshia pambelu.

Tshitupa 1: Ushipe mashika a lupepele adi muinshi mua zero pa kukanga anyi kukanga bipese bia evaporateur¶

Munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika tshia minus-20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit), kapepe kadi anu kafila kapia bitekete bitekete. Ino, ventilateur ya ku plafond idi ivuija kapepe ka 15 too ne ku 25 kilometre ku dîba (10 too ne ku 15 miles ku dîba), ivudija dijimija dia kapia misangu inayi anyi isambombo ne ivuija dikoba didi dipatuka mu mashika mu minite 10 too ne ku 20:

1. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia munda tshia ventilateur wa evaporateur: Tangila kazubu ka disangisha ku luseke lua nzubu wa evaporateur wa ku plafond anyi ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia butoke bua kupeta tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshishipa bukole bua ventilateur.
2. Umbusha mionji ya motere wa ventilateur: Pa biamu bia bungi bia evaporateur, motere yonso wa ventilateur udi ubuela mu tshilamba ne muonji muipi wa 3-prong; funda tshianza tshiebe mu tshilamba tshiume ne upatule bipese.
3. Kanka bipese bia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne karton mupepele: Bikalabi ne tshiamu tshikole kakuyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi, mbula karton ibidi minene ne wela mabeji a nzembu pa bimanyinu bia kumpala bia tshiamu tshia nzembu (anyi tshibuelelu tshia panyima) tshia kazubu ka evaporateur. Ebi bidi bipangisha lupepele lua muinshi mua zero diakamue ne bienza bua bobine ikale ne mashika, bienza bua alarme wa dijimija dia mashika anyi wa bukole pa tshitekelu tshinene.

Tshitupa 2: Ela tshiamu tshia luya lua pambelu ku diambuluisha dia kapia ka mubidi webe¶

Biamu bia mashika ne bia mashika bia mu tshisalu bidi ne tshiamu tshia luya tshia pambelu ne tshiamu tshia luya tshidi tshiumvuika pambelu pa tshiibi (misangu ya bungi tshidi tshilamakaja ne meyi a mulombodi bua kutumikila mikenji ya bukubi bua biakudia). Kuata tshiamu tshia nzembu mu minite isatu:

1. Keba tshiamu tshia thermistor tshia ku tshimanu: Londesha tshiamu tshitekete tshia tshiamu tshia ku tshiibi tshia kuulu anyi pabuipi ne tshibuelelu tshia evaporator too ne ku tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia plastique tshidi tshienza bu masashi (tshidi pabuipi ne bunene bua tshintu tshia kuela natshi makanya).
2. Kaja tshintu tshia kumona natshi mu tshianza tshiebe tshia patupu: Ko kukosa tshiamu tshia nzembu to. Lama nsongo ya tshikebelu tshikole munda mua tshianza tshiebe tshia kapia, mu tshiadi, anyi mupuya wa mukana munkatshi mua minite 2 too ne ku 5 mishindame**. Kuteka tshiamu tshia nzembu ku 20 degre Celsius too ne ku plus 10 to 20 degre Celsius (50 to 68 degre Fahrenheit) kudi kuenza tshiamu tshia pambelu tshia piezo ne butoke butshiama mu tshikuku ne kutuma dimanyisha dia luya lua bungi.
3. Tangila tshiamu tshionso tshia thermostat: Shi tshiamu tshia thermostat tshia bulb-and-capillary tshiteka pa tshimanu, tshiteka pa muaba watshi wa kapia bua kujima solenoïde wa mashika.

Tshitupa 3: Enza karton ka tshiamu tshia mitaku ne nzubu wa tshisokomenu wa shrink-wrap¶

Tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne bintu bibidi bia pa buabi bidi bipangisha luya: mabokoshi a karton adi ne bimanu bia bungi (mishindu ya kapepe idi ne milonda) ne filme wa pallet wa polyethylene (tshintu tshidi tshikuba luya):

Njiwu ya kufua: Dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)), neje miume, ne dipatuka dia tshiamu tshia mashika¶

Mashinyi a kunua adi misangu ya bungi ne bipese bia bungi bia dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)) bua kunua maluvu ne soda, eku biamu bia kuenza nabi mudimu bia kudia ne bia mu laboratware bitu bilama mashika a mashika (\(CO_2\) mu mashika a 78,5 degrés Celsius / 109 degrés Fahrenheit). Bualu bua bibombi bidi ne zero fresh-air ventilation, tshiamu tshia \(CO_2\) tshidi tshipatuka, diske dia diambuluisha didi dipuekesha, anyi tshibombi tshia mabue a mashika adi apueka bidi bienza tshintu tshidi mua kushipa bantu:

1. Bua tshinyi dioxide de carbone udi ushipa bantu lukasa: Pa mutu pa 5 too ne ku 7 pa lukama (\(50,000\text{ too ne ku }70,000\text{ ppm}\)), \(CO_2\) udi ukebesha disama dia acidose dia mu mikolo, ne ku 10 pa lukama (\(100,000\text{ppm\)) udi ukebesha koma, disama dia tshiadi, ne tshipupu tshikole lufu mu minite 1 too ne ku 3** nansha mudi oxygène wa pa tshibidilu mushale; tangila kapepe ka karbone ne mashika maume. Bualu \(CO_2\) wa mashika udi 1.5 wa bujitu kupita kapepe, udi ubuela panshi too ne kuulu, ukuma muntu yonso udi ufukama anyi upona panshi.
2. Kujingulula dinyanguka diakamue:
3. Dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)): Udi upatula mutoyi wa lukasa, udi usama mu mishiku, mu nshingu, ne mu mêsu pamue ne mutoyi wa tshiamu tshikole ne mupuya wa tshimpitshimpi.
4. Ammoniaque sans eau (\(NH_3\)): Mupuya mukole udi kauyi mua kuela mpata udi uosha mêsu ne mifuba.
5. Halocarbon / HFC refrigerants: Bidi bitobala bikese anyi kabiyi ne mupuya, bidi bibuela pabuipi ne panshi ne bifikisha ku disama dia tshiadi ne disama dia mutshima.
6. Mukenji wa kusungila muntu udi kayi mumanye tshidi munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika: KUENA mua kubuela mu tshiamu tshia mashika ne kulekela tshiibi tshikanga panyima pebe bua kutangila muena mudimu nebe udi mukuluke to. Tangila kumpala tshiamu tshia pambelu tshia \(CO_2\) / Oxygen Monitor tshidi pambelu pa tshiibi. Ela tshiibi 100 pa lukama tshiunzulula pambelu ne tshintu tshikole bua gaz wa panshi apatuke, bikila 911 / 112 / 999 bua kusungila SCBA, ne upatule anu muntu udibu bashipe ku makasa ende wewe mua kufika kudiye paudi muimane pambelu mu kapepe kimpe; mona dipanga dia luya mu muaba mukanga.

Diambuluisha dia kumpala kunyima kua bamane kupandisha muntu mu tshikuku¶

1. Kuepula "afterdrop" cardiac stop mu hypothermie mikole: Shi muntu udi mukuate mu minite 30 to ne ku 60 udi mupampakane, udi wakula bibi, udi ulenduka, anyi mmulekele kukankamana (luya lua munda ludi muinshi mua 32 degrés Celsius / 90 degrés Fahrenheit), umukuate bitekete bitekete; tangila hypothermie ne diambuluisha dia kumpala dia mashika. Kuena ne bua kuenda anyi kuenza manaya a mubidi nansha kakese, ne kuena ne bua kubateka mu tshina tshia mâyi a kapia to, tshidi tshipatula mashi mashika a mashika a mu bitupa bia mubidi bua kupingana mu mutshima (afterdrop) ne tshidi tshijula ​​fibrillation ventriculaire.
2. Kuanjila kukaja tshitupa tshia munda tshia mubidi: Pingaja bilamba biume mu nzubu udi ne luya, funda mu bilamba biume, wela bintu bia luya bibuikila anu ku tshiadi, ku maboko, ne ku nshingu, ne ufila bintu bia luya bidi kabiyi ne maluvu bikalabi ne: udi mudimuke bimpe.
3. Kupingaja mashika mu mayi a 37 too ne ku 39 degrés Celsius (98,6 too ne ku 102,2 degrés Fahrenheit): Kuelayi nansha kakese minu anyi matshi adi ne mashika makole to; ela mu mayi adi ne luya lua mubidi munkatshi mua minite 20 to ne 30.

Liste wa malu a bukubi bua tshilaminu tshia bintu bia mushinga mukole¶

Mulombodi yonso wa restoran, mufidi wa biakudia, mutangidi wa tshisalu tshinene, ne muena mudimu wa malu a bukubi wa mu laboratware badi ne tshia kutangila biibi bia bantu badi babuela lumingu luonso bilondeshile mikenji itanu eyi idi mua kusungila muoyo:

• Teta tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshipatuka mu mîdima mu dinda dia lunu luonso ne tshiibi tshia pambelu tshikanga: Enza bua muena mudimu umue abuele munda padi muena mudimu mukuabu ukanga tshiibi tshia pambelu, pashishe ujingulule ne: tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshituta bimpe kayi tshilamakaja mu neje ne ulekela tshiibi diakamue. Supula mafuta a silicone adi ne luya lukese pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne upingaje tshiamu tshionso tshidi tshinyanguke anyi tshidi katshiyiku diakamue.
• Ujadike ne: tshintu tshidi tshikenka tshia munda tshidi tshikenka ("muendu wa pilote") ne tshingoma tshia tshimpitshimpi tshidi tshiteka munda mua tshiibi: Mikenji ya nzubu ya lelu ne mikenji ya UL 471 / NSF 7 idi ilomba bua kuikala ne tshimanyinu tshia butoke tshidi tshikenka munda mua kazubu ne, mu matunga a bungi, button wa munda udi ne battery-backed back" MU FREEZER" alarme) muele ku lusengu ne ku strobe mu tshikuku.
• Lama tshibuelelu tshia luya lua kapia tshikale kule ne mabue a mashika ne bibombi bidi bibuejakaja: Kutekayi karton too ne ku plafond kumpala kua tshibuelelu tshia luya lua kapia anyi kumpala kua tshiamu tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia luya.
• Kuena ne bua kuimanyika bibombi bia mabeji, bibombi bia maluvu, anyi bibombi bia maluvu kumpala kua tshiibi tshia pambelu to: Penta kazubu ka panshi ka "KEEP CLEAR - FREEZER DOOR EGRESS" ka jaune pambelu pa tshiibi tshionso tshia kupitshila bua tshisumbu tshia bibombi tshidi tshipita katshikuluki ku tshiibi ne muena mudimu udi mu buteyi to.
• Teka tshimanyishilu tshia dioxide de carbone (\(CO_2\)) tshidi ne tshimanyishilu tshia pambelu pambelu pa tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne bia kunua \(CO_2\) anyi mabue a mashika: Bidi bilomba kudi NFPA 55 ne kudi mikenji ya kapia ya pa buloba bujima (IFC) dîba dionso didibu bafuimisha kilo mipite pa 45 (100 pounds) ya CO_2$ anyi \(2\) anyi kulama mu nzubu.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Shi muntu udi mukuatshike mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi wa tshilaminu tshia bintu bia mashika ne tshiibi tshia mudimu tshikanga anyi dipatuka dia tshintu tshia mashika anyi tshia dioxide de carbone:

• États-Unis ne Canada: Bikila 911 ne ulombe Fire Department Technical Rescue (ne HAZMAT pikala ammonia anyi dioxide de carbone bienda bipatuka). Mikenji ya mbulamatadi ne ya ditunga idi ilomba mishindu ya kupatula bintu bia munda mua tshimpitshimpi mu frigo ne mu biamu bia mashika bidi ne: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.36 (Njila ya kupatuka - biibi bidi ne bua kunzulula munda misangu yonso kakuyi nfungulu anyi biamu bia mudimu), **Energy Independence and Security Act Energy Freezer and Endards UL 471, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15 (Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems), ne NFPA 55 (Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code).
• Royaume-Uni: Bikila 999 anyi 112. Bilombodibua kudi Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE) muinshi mua Mikenji ya muaba wa mudimu (Bukola bua mubidi, bukubi ne nsombelu muimpe) ya 1992, BS EN 378 (Malu adibu balomba bua bukubi ne bua muaba udibu basombele, adi alomba bua kupatuka mu nzubu wa tshimpitshimpi, kuenza mudimu ne biamu bia kuela nabi bantu mu tshimpitshimpi nzubu ya muinshi mua zero), ne tshisumbu tshia British Compressed Gases Association (BCGA Code of Practice CP 30 bua bukubi bua gaz wa mu tshina tshia maluvu).
• Union européenne: Bikila ku 112. Mu nzubu ya mashika mu UE idi ne tshia kutumikila EN 378-1 too ne ku EN 378-4 ne EN 17893 (Mashinyi a mu njila adi ne mashika ne biamu bia munda bia tshiibi tshia nzubu wa mashika bidi bikuba bantu ku buôwa).
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande. Bilombodibua kudi Safe Work Australia, AS/NZS 5149 (Biamu bia mashika ne pompe ya kapia - Malu adibu balomba bua bukubi ne muaba udibu basombele), ne Mukenji wa Dibaka wa Ditunga (NCC) udi ulomba bua kuenza nabi mudimu ne ngoma ya tshimpitshimpi.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique: Bikila 112 mu Inde, 119 mu Japon ne mu Corée du Sud, anyi 995 mu Singapour.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Ndiku mua kunzulula tshiamu tshia mashika tshia munda pikala muntu muele tshikunji tshikole ku tshianza tshia pambelu anyi?¶

Eyowa. Bilondeshile mikenji ne dienza dia biamu, tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshikenka mu mîdima tshidi tshipatuka mu tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshia mashika tshia mu tshisalu tshidi tshienza bua kupita tshikunji tshia pambelu tshionso tshijima. Paudi utuma tshiamu tshia munda tshia mushroom bululame pambelu (anyi utshibulula mu mushindu udi kauyi umvuangana ne dîba pa biamu bia kale bidi biendakana), tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshipatula tshiamu tshijima tshia pambelu pa tshiamu tshiatshi tshia kuela nabi anyi tshipatula ludimi lua munda lua cam ku tshianza tshia pambelu tshidi tshikanga, tshienza bua tshiibi tshikale tshiunzulula nansha padibu batshikanga tshiakabidi tshianza tshia pambelu.

Bua tshinyi tshiibi tshia tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshimueneka tshikanga tshishiki diakamue panyima patshi tshijika panyima panyi?¶

Paudi ukangula tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia mashika, kapepe ka kapia ka mu tshikuku kadi kabuela munda. Dîba didi tshiibi tshikanga, tshiamu tshia mashika tshia minus-20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit) tshidi tshienza bua kapepe aka kakole lukasa, tshienza bua kapepe kakole ne kuenza tshitupa tshikole tshia munda mua kazubu kakanga. Dishilangana dia bukole edi didi dikoka tshiibi munda pa tshibuikidiji tshiatshi tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga ne bukole bua kilo 600 (1 300 pounds) munkatshi mua masekonde 15 too ne ku 30 too ne padi tshibuelelu tshia tshimanu tshidi ne kapia tshienza bua kapepe kafike. Shi tshibuelelu tshia kapepe kikale ne mabue a mashika ne tshiibi katshiyi tshinyunguluka, ela tshintu tshia tshiamu tshia arjan, tshifungu, tshiamu tshia nzembu, anyi minu yebe idi ne bianza muinshi mua tshibuikidiji tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshidi ku nseke ya tshiibi bua kulekela kapepe kabuela ne kutshibula tshiamu tshia nzembu diakamue.

Ntshinyi tshindi mua kuenza pikala tshiamu tshia munda tshia bukubi tshia mu tshiamu tshia mashika tshikole ne mashika anyi tshitshibuka?¶

Tshia kumpala, kuena mua kukuma tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia plastique ku luseke ne tshibombi tshiebe to, bualu mashika makole adi enza bua tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshia munda tshinyanguke ne netshitshibule. Pamutu pa nanku, ela bianza biebe bia kapia ku nshindamenu wa tshilamba tshia plunger ne upuekesha mupuya wa kapia pa mutu patshi munkatshi mua masekonde 30 anyi 60 bua kusunguluja tshijengu tshikese tshia neje tshidi tshikuate tshibombi, utshikuate bitekete bitekete munda mua milimetre 1 bua kutshibula tshilamba tshia neje, ne pashishe utute bululame pambelu ne bianza bionso bibidi. Shi tshiamu tshia plastike anyi mutshi wa tshikokedi tshimane kukuluka, tangila buludiludi mu tshina tshia 12-millimetre (0.5-inch) tshidi tshipita ku tshiibi ne utute tournevis mule, tshipiminu tshia nyama tshia tshiamu, tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, anyi tshiamu tshia mabaya mu tshina bua kufina kunyima kua tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia tshiibi.

Mmunyi mundi mua kuela alarme mu tshikuku meme muikale mu tshikuku tshiyi ne tshimanyinu tshia telefone?¶

Bu mudi bimanu bia aluminium anyi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bia tshiamu tshia mashika bidi bienza mudimu bu tshikuku tshia Faraday tshidi tshikanga bimanyinu bia telefone ya ku bianza, mushindu webe wa dimanyisha dia ku bule wa lukasa ngua kuangata tshiamu tshia mashika tshia tshiamu tshia mashika tshia bukubi bua biakudia. Keba tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kumanyisha natshi luya tshidi tshilamakaja ku tshimanu tshia munda (pa tshibidilu pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia kuulu anyi tshibuelelu tshia luya lua tshiamu tshia evaporateur) ne ukuate tshintu tshia kumanyisha natshi luya tshikole munda mua tshianza tshiebe tshia luya anyi upuekesha mupuya munkatshi mua minite 2 anyi 5. Kulengeja tshitupa tshikese tshia tshiamu etshi pa mutu pa 4 too ne ku 10 degre Celsius (40 to ne 50 degre Fahrenheit) kudi kushima tshiamu tshia ku tshiibi tshidi pambelu pa tshiibi bua kuela meji ne: tshiamu tshia mashika ntshinyanguke, bienza bua dîyi dikole dia alarme mu tshikuku ne dituma dimanyisha dia luya kudi balombodi.

Bua tshinyi kukanga anyi kukanga tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia pa mutu ntshintu tshimuepele tshia mushinga mukole tshia kupanduka meme tshiyi mua kunzulula tshiibi?¶

Lupepele ludi lushala ku 20 degrés Celsius (minus 4 degrés Fahrenheit) ludi lupita luya lubi, ludi luenza bua muntu udibu basuike ne karton ikale ne muoyo munkatshi mua mêba a bungi. Ino, tshiamu tshia evaporateur tshidi pa mutu tshidi tshipuekesha kapepe ka muinshi mua zero mu tshiamu tshia mashika ku lubilu lua kilometre 15 too ne ku 25 ku dîba (10 too ne ku 15 miles ku dîba), tshienza lupepele lua mashika lukole ludi lumbusha luya misangu inayi anyi isambombo lukasa ne ludi lufikisha ku disama dia mashika ne dia mashika. Kujima tshiamu tshia evaporateur, kupatula mionji ya motere wa ventilateur, anyi kuela mabeji a karton pa tshiamu tshia ventilateur kudi kujikija diakamue mashika a lupepele adi munda mua kazubu.

Bua tshinyi bantu batu bafua munda mua bia kunua bia kunua ne bia soda?¶

Mashinyi a bungi a mu restoran ne a mu bar adi ne bintu bia bungi bia mâyi anyi bia dioxide de carbone ($CO_2$) bidi bienza bua mashinyi a soda a mu tshina tshia mâyi ne ma robinet a maluvu ikale ne bukole. Bu mudi tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi mashika tshikale kazubu kadiyi kabuela luya kadi katshiyi ne kapepe kimpe, tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshipatuka, tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi anyi tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshiuja nzubu lukasa ne kapepe ka dioxide de carbone kadiyi ne dikala. Bualu $CO_2$ wa mashika udi ne bujitu misangu 1.5 kupita kapepe, udi udisangisha bikole panshi ne udi wenza bua mishiku ikale isama, mupuya wa lukasa, dipanga dia lungenyi, ne dijimija dia lungenyi mu tusunsa 60 padi tshipiminu tshifika ku 7 too ne ku 10 pa lukama. Shi udi umvua mupuya wa soda-fizz mu mishiku yebe munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika, patuka diakamue ne ushiye tshiibi tshiunzulula pambelu.

Mukanda ewu udi ufila mibelu ya mushindu wa kunyema mu tshimpitshimpi, ya kupanduka, ne ya diambuluisha dia kumpala bua tshiamu tshia mashika ne tshia mashika tshia mu tshisalu ne katshiena tshipingana pa muaba wa dilongesha dia bukubi ku mudimu anyi mishindu ya dienza dia mashika to. Ela meji bua kulonga malu a diambuluisha dia kumpala ne a CPR kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi kudi bulongolodi budi bulongesha malu a luondapu bua lukasa lukasa.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dikuatshisha dia kumpala dia hypothermie ne dia mashika
• Dioxide de carbone, sublimation de glace sec, azote liquide, ne diambuluisha dia kumpala dia asphyxie
• Dipanga dia luya mu muaba mubuikila: manholes, silos, ne tanks
• Tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi nyama tshia mushinga, tshiamu tshia kusangila natshi bukula, ne tshiamu tshia kudiila

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (OSHA, mu États-Unis): Malu adibu balomba bua kuenza ne kuibaka njila ya kupatuka - Biibi bidi ne bua kukangula munda (29 CFR 1910.36(d)) ne miaba mikanga / njiwu ya mu mashika
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mikenji tshia mu Grande-Bretagne (BSI) ne tshibambalu tshia malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, mu Royaume-Uni): BS EN 378 Biamu bia kuenza nabi mashika ne mapompe a kapia - Malu adibu balomba bua bukubi ne muaba udibu basombele (Escape wa munda mua tshimpitshimpi, biamu bia mudimu bidi ne butoke, ne alarme ya bantu badi bakuate mu nzubu wa mashika)
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) ne National Sanitation Foundation (NSF, United States): UL 471 Standard for Commercial frigos and freezers and Walk-In Door Internal Safety Release Requirements
• Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA, États-Unis) ne tshisumbu tshia bena Grande-Bretagne (BCGA, Royaume-Uni): NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code ne BCGA Code of Practice CP 30 (Safe Use of Beverage Dispense Gases in Cellars and Walk-In Coolers)
• Tshisumbu tshia bena Amerike tshia bena mudimu ba malu a kapia, a mashika ne a mashika (ASHRAE): ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems