Dipanduka ku tshikumina tshia buloba, dikonkonona dia tshimanyishilu tshia nzubu, ne dibuela dia kabidi mu bukubi¶

Nshikidilu wa tshikumina tshinene tshia buloba ntshibangidilu tshia njiwu ya tshikumina. Tshikumina tshionso tshia munkatshi ne tshinene tshidi tshilonda kudi makumi too ne ku binunu bia aftershocks, idi mikale dinyanguka dia tshitupa tshibidi didi dienzeka padi lutatu luenda lutangalaka mu tshitupa tshia buloba tshidi tshipanduluke ne bitupa bia buloba bidi pabuipi. Nansha mudi tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina tshienda tshikepela mu bule bua matuku bilondeshile Mukenji wa Omori (\(n(t) = K / (t + c)^p\)), tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina tshitu misangu ya bungi tshifika anu ku bunene bua 1,1 too ne ku 1,2 units mikese kupita tshikumina tshinene (Mukenji wa Båth), mbuena kuamba ne: tshikumina tshia bunene bua 7.2 tshidi tshitamba kupatula bunene bua Ma 6.0 to 6.1 aftershock** minite, mêba, anyi matuku pashishe, ne pabuipi ne 5 too ne ku 6 pa lukama ya bikumina binene bidi bilua bikumina bia kumpala too ne ku tshikumina tshinene menemene mu mêba 72. Bu mudi tshikumina tshia kumpala tshimane kutshibula bimanu, tshipatule biamu bia mitaku, makunji a beton avua manyanguke, ne bimanu bia mabue bivua binyanguke (dinyanguka dia tshijengu), tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina tshia bukole bua 5.0 too ne ku 6.0 tshitu anu tshipuekesha nzubu ivua mishale mimane mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshinene.

Bilondeshile tshibambalu tshia malu a buloba tshia mu États-Unis (USGS), tshibambalu tshia malu a tshimpitshimpi tshia ditunga (FEMA), tshibambalu tshia malu a tekinoloji (ATC-20 postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings tshidibu benza natshi mudimu mu Amerike wa ku Nord, ku Mputu, mu Japon ne mu Nouvelle-Zélande), ne bisumbu bia pa buloba bujima bia dikebulula ne disungila bantu mu bimenga (USAR / INSARAG), tshitupa tshinene tshia bintu bia panyima pa bikumina ne bia dishima mputa mikole idi yenzeka panyima pa tshikumina tshinene, padi bena musoko bapingana lubilu mu nzubu minyanguke bua kuangata nyama ya mu nzubu, bintu bia mushinga mukole, anyi mikanda, anyi padi muntu ukanga anyi upingaja tshipiminu tshia gaz naturel mu mushindu mubi. Kumanya mua kudikuba mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshia munda mua nzubu munyanguke, mua kubala Green, Yellow, and Red ATC-20 records safety building, mushindu wa kuenza luendu lua pambelu too ne munda mua nzubu kumpala kua kupitshila ku tshiibi, ne dîba dia kujima tshiamu tshiebe tshia mudimu wa gaz tshitupa tshinayi kudi kusungila mioyo ya bantu mu mêba ne matuku adi alonda tshikumina.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Lekela, ufuke, ne ulame diakamue dîba dionso didi tshipupu tshienzeka, ne umbuka kule ne bimanu bia mabue binyanguke, bimanu bia kapia, ne bimanu bia makala. Dîba dionso diudi umvua dikankamika dikuabu, ikala panshi ku bianza ne ku binu kumpala kua tshikumina kukukulula panshi, ela muinshi mua mesa anyi mesa makole (anyi ku tshimanu tshia munda pikalaku kakuyi bintu bia munda pabuipi apu), ne ukuate ne tshianza tshimue eku ulama nyima ya mutu ne nshingu ne tshikuabu. Shi udi pambelu kunyima kua tshikumina tshinene, ikala muaba mubulula nansha misangu 1.5 ya bule bua nzubu kule ne nzubu ya mabue idi kayiyi mikolesha, nzubu ya nzambi ya mabue, nzubu ya pa mutu, ne makunji a nzembu.
2. Umbuka pa buloba diakamue kunyima kua tshipepele tshikole tshimane kuimana pikala nzubu webe muleje lutatu lukole, dipatuka dia gaz, anyi kapia. Vuala nsapatu ya makasa makole ne bianza bia mudimu kumpala kua kupatuka pa bulalu anyi pa ditanda (panshi padi madidishi manyanguke ne misonso ya tshimanu tshiume), wangate nzubu webe go-bag, ne kupatuka ku bibandilu (kuenza mudimu ne ascenseur nansha kakese kunyima kua tshikumina, bualu biamu bia mvita bidi bipatuka mu njila wabi ne bikuata bantu pankatshi pa bibandilu).
3. Tangila ni gaz naturel udi upatuka ku diambuluisha dia mupuya, mutoyi, ne biamu bia diteta bia metre, ne kanga valve munene wa gaz ANYI pikalabu baleja ne: kudi dipatukila. Ndaku ku tshiamu tshiebe tshia gaz naturel tshia pambelu:
4. Wewe mumvue mupuya wa diyi dibole dia mercaptan, mumvue luya lukola, mona tshiamu tshikese tshia \(1/2\text{-foot}\) anyi \(2\text{-foot}\) tshidi tshienda padi biamu bionso bijima, anyi mona dishintuluka dia bintu pabuipi ne tshipiminu: Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia 30-centimetre (12-inch) tshidi pabuipi ne buloba anyi gaz tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bua kunyungulula tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshijengu tshidi pa mulonda wa difila (ku luseke lua tshibuelelu) kunyungulula tshitupa tshimue tshia binayi (90 degrés) mu nseke yonso ibidi too ne padi lug usomba mushindame (mu njila wa nkuruse) ku muonji.
5. Bikalaku kakuyi mupuya, kakuyi mutoyi, ne kakuyi dienda dia tshiamu: Lekela gaz ON bua wewe kulama kapia ne mâyi a kapia; Ma sosiete a nzembu adi mua kuangata mbingu ya bungi bua kupingaja kapia binunu ne binunu bia biamu bia metre bivua kabiyi ne mushinga.
6. Wenza luendu lua pambelu lua 360-degree ku bule bua bukubi kumpala kua wewe kuteta bua kubuela kabidi mu nzubu anyi muaba wa mudimu. Kumpala kua kubanda ku tshisasa tshiebe tshia kumpala, tangila nseke yonso inayi ya nzubu ku 5 too ne ku 10 metre (16 too ne ku 33 feet) panyima: keba nzubu udi mushintuluke ku tshishimikidi tshiende tshia beton, udi ushiya muaba wende nzubu wa mashinyi wa kuinshi (soft-story racking), tshiibi tshia kapia tshia mabaya tshidi tshitapuluka tshidi pa mutu pa nzubu, anyi mionji ya nzembu mipueka idi mibuikila pa mutu pa nzubu anyi pa lupangu lua tshiamu.
7. Tumikila ATC-20 / bimanyinu bia dikonkonona dia nzubu ya mu tshimenga (Green, Jaune, Rouge) bidibu bafunde ku tshiibi tshiebe. Kumbushi, kubuikila anyi kulengulula tshimanyinu tshia bukubi bua nzubu nansha kakese:
8. GREEN ("INSPECTED"): Kusomba mu nzubu kudi mikenji; kakuena njiwu ya nzubu idi imueneka to, nansha mudibi bikengela kulongolola malu makese adi kaayi a nzubu.
9. YELLOW ("RESTRICTED USE"): Njiwu misunguluke mimanyike; Dibuela didi anu bua tshitupa tshîpi, diangatshila dia bintu anyi nzubu misunguluke ya bukubi, kakuyi kulala butuku bujima pa kumbusha padibu baleje patoke pa tshimanyinu.
10. MUTUKU ("KUNSAFE"): Dikuluka dikole anyi njiwu ya lufu; kubuela kudi kukandika kudi mikenji too ne padi ba-enjenyere ba nzubu bafika anyi babutula nzubu.
11. Bikala muena mu diku diebe anyi muena mutumba nebe mukuatshike muinshi mua mabaya manene a beton anyi mabaya a panshi adi makuluke, bikila bena mudimu ba diambuluisha dia lukasa ne KUPATUDI bintu bidi bikuata bujitu to. Bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni anyi tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi) ne kudimuija bena mudimu ba mu tshimenga (USAR) anyi bena mudimu ba CERT. Ubandishe anu bipese bia pa mutu bipepele pikala mua kukokesha ne kuela santimetre yonso wa dibandisha ne mabaya makole bua tshikumina tshikole katshiyi mua kupingaja mutshi pa muntu udibu bashipe to.

Dipingana dia panyima pa tshikumina, dijika dia gaz, ne mutshi wa dipangadika dia kupanduka kunyima kua tshikumina¶

Ingidija tshimfuanyi etshi tshia mapangadika diakamue kunyima kua tshipepele tshikole tshimane kuimana bua kuangata dipangadika dia kukanga bintu bia mudimu, kupatuka anyi kutangila nzubu webe bimpe.

flowchart TD
    Start["Mainshock Shaking Stops:<br/>Kumpala uvuala bilamba ne bianza"] --> ImmediateCheck{"Udiku umvua mupuya wa gaz, umona muishi/kapia,<br/>anyi umvua nzubu wenda unyunguluka anyi?"}

    ImmediateCheck -->|"EYOWA: Luvumba lua gaz, kapia, anyi<br/>Dinyanguka dia nzubu"| EvacNow["DITUKU DIA LUMU:<br/>1. Patuka anu ku STAIRS (Kuenza mudimu ne ascenseur nansha kakese)<br/>2. Tangila pa mutu bua bimanu bia mabue bidi bikuluka, tshiibi tshia kapia ne makala<br/>3. Kanga tshiamu tshia gaz tshinene tshia pambelu (90° mu njila wa tshiamu)<br/>4. Enda muaba mubulula 1.5x bule bua nzubu kule ne nzubu"]

    ImmediateCheck -->|"KAKUENA mupuya anyi dikuluka dia lukasa to"| ExteriorScan["360° EXTERIOR STRUCTURAL WALKAROUND:<br/>Tangila nseke yonso 4 kubangila ku 5 too ne ku 10 m (16 too ne ku 33 ft) kunyima:<br/>- Nzubu wa kuinshi udi mushindame anyi tshiibi tshia nzubu wa mashinyi tshidi tshikanga anyi?<br/>- Nzubu uvuaku mupueka ku tshishimikidi tshiende tshia beton<br//X-crack? rebar buckled?<br/>- Tshiibi tshia kapia tshidi tshipanduluke anyi tshitapuluke ne tshimanu anyi?"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Dinyanguka dia nzubu dia dibendele dikunze<br/>NANYI tshikandakanda tshikunze tshia mbulamatadi"| DoNotEnter["KUBUELA KABIDI MU NZUBU:<br/>1. Tangila bu njiwu ya kukuluka mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshidi tshilonda<br/>2. Kanga tshiamu tshinene tshia gaz ne tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu (bikalabi pambelu)<br/>3. Kukanga muaba wa kukuluka pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia kapia ne bimanu bia mabue<br/>4. Nzubu wa tshisokomenu mu parc mubulula, mashinyi mu lupangu luunzulula, anyi tshisokomenu tshia Croix-Rouge"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Tshikandakanda tshia MUDIMU<br/>(Kuenza mudimu ne mikalu)"| YellowEntry["ANYI MUSHINDU MUIPI WA BULOMBODI (Bikalabi bianyishibue kudi Tag):<br/>1. Vwala tshilamba tshikole, bisabata, bianza, tshilamba tshia mpala tshia N95, ne muendu wa ku mutu<br/>2. Ela muntu udi utangila pambelu ne tshingoma mu njila<br/>3. Ikala biibi bionso biunzulula bua tshikumina tshikole katshiyi mua kukukuata munda<br/>4. Angata manga, nyama, ne mikanda mu <10 mins ne patuka"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Kakuena dinyanguka dia nzubu didi dimueneka<br/>(anyi tshimanyishilu tshia GREEN Inspected)"| SafeInside["KUTANGILA MUNDA NE BUMUE:<br/>1. Tangila mikaba ya tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi a gaz ne tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya tshidi pa mutu<br/>2. Tangila ni milonda ya mayi idi ipatuka ne mayi a bukoya<br/>3. Kangula bibombi bimpa (bintu bidimu bidi bishintuluka ne bikuluka)<br/>4. Lama bilamba ne muendu ku luseke lua bulalu bua bikumina bia butuku"]

Bimanyinu bia bukubi bia nzubu ya panyima pa tshikumina tshia ATC-20 bidi biumvuija¶

Panyima pa tshikumina tshikole, bibambalu bia nzubu bia mu tshimenga ne ba-enjenyere ba malu a nzubu badi benza makebulula a lukasa ne a mu bule ne mu butshiama bilondeshile mikenji ya ATC-20 (Applied Technology Council) ne batula bimanyinu bia mekala ku tshibuelelu tshinene tshia nzubu yonso udibu bakonkonone.

Mishindu 6 ya dipanga dia nzubu idi yenza bua nzubu ikuluke mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina¶

Kumpala kua wewe kubuela mu nzubu, nzubu ya bungi, anyi mu tshisalu kunyima kua tshikumina, tangila mishindu isambombo ya dinyanguka dia nzubu idibu baleje kudi FEMA ne Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). Wewe mumone tshimue tshia ku bimanyinu bisambombo ebi, angata nzubu bu Red-Tagged ("KENA MU MUDIMU") nansha mudi mutangidi wa mbulamatadi kayi muanji kufika.

1. "Soft-Story" Ground-Floor Racking (Apartment Buildings Over Tucked-Under Parking)¶

Nzubu ya bungi ya 2 too ne ku 5 ya mabaya anyi ya beton idi miibaka ne nzubu ya mashinyi minene, miunzuluke ya kuinshi, nzubu ya mashinyi idi muinshi mua nzubu, anyi nzubu minene ya dipanyishila bintu ya makala idi ku tshisasa tshia kumpala, idi ikuatshisha bimanu bikole ne nzubu ya bungi idi kuulu. - Bu mudi nzubu wa kuinshi kayi ne bimanu bikole bia munda, mavuala a buloba adi enza bua nzubu mujima unyunguluke ku luseke pa makunji makese a kuinshi bu mudi kazubu ka bujitu kadi kabandila pa biamu bia kuela nabi meno. - Tshia kukeba: Bimanu bia ku tshisasa tshia kumpala anyi makunji a mu nzubu wa mashinyi adi amueneka bu adi kaayi malelela (nansha ku \(2\text{ to }5\text{ degrees}\)); biibi bia nzubu wa mashinyi anyi biibi bia tshisasa tshia panshi bidi bikanga mu bimanu biabi; stucco anyi drywall ku mutu kua makunji a tshisasa tshia kumpala udi utshibuka ne unyanguka. Dikumina dimue dia pa tshibidilu nedipuekeshe nzubu ya kuulu buludiludi panshi mu nzubu ya mashinyi ya kuinshi.

2. Tshishimikidi tshia tshimanu tshidi tshinyanguka ne tshibumba tshia ku tshiibi (nzubu ya kale ya mabaya)¶

Nzubu ya kale ya mabaya ya dîku dimue (nangananga nzubu ya kumpala kua 1980) itu misangu ya bungi misombe pa bimanu bia mabaya bikese bia \(0.5\text{ to }1.2\text{-meter}\) (\(1.5\text{ to }4\text{-foot}\)) bidibu babikila ne: **cripple walls pankatshi pa tshishimikidi tshia kumpala ne tshishimikidi tshia panshi anyi mitshi, anyi kayiyi ne bikunyibua bidi bikuata tshibandilu tshia mabaya ku beton. - Tshia kutangila: Nzubu udi umueneka mupueka panshi ne santimetre 30 too ne ku 90 (1 too ne ku 3 feet) anyi mutenteka ku luseke lumue; tshilamba tshia pambelu anyi tshiamu tshia stucco tshidi panshi tshidi tshibuikila pambelu bu accordéon; bibandilu bia ku tshiibi tshia kumpala mbipatuke bikole ku tshiibi tshia kumpala; anyi udi mua kumona tshishimikidi tshia beton tshipatuka ku luseke lumue lua nzubu eku tshimanu tshikuabu tshipita pa beton. - Njiwu ya lukasa: Padi nzubu upueka ku tshishimikidi tshiende anyi upuekesha tshimanu tshiende tshidi tshinyanguke, udi ukosa tshiamu tshikole tshia tshiamu tshia gaz naturel ne mionji ya mâyi idi muinshi mua muaba wa tshilala benyi, bienza bua se tshitupa tshia dibutuka dia gaz tshia muinshi mua tshisasa tshikole.

3. Diagonal "X-Cracking" ne Spalling mu Concrete Columns ne Shear Walls¶

Mu nzubu ya biro ya tshiamu tshia mitaku, nzubu ya mashinyi, tulasa, ne nzubu mitumbuke, makunji adi mimane ne bimanu bia beton bidi bitantamena bujitu bua bukole budi bukokela bintu pa mutu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu pa mutu pa mavuala a buloba. - Tshia kukeba: - Diagonal X-shaped cracks (crossing at \(45\text{-degree}\) angles) udi ukosa njila yonso mu bunene bua tshibumba tshia beton anyi tshimanu tshia nzubu tshidi pankatshi pa madidishi. - Beton spalling ne "bird-caging" rebar: Bitupa bia beton mbipatuke pa tshilongo, bileja biamu bia kukolesha nabi (rebar) bidi munda, ne biamu bia tshiamu bidi bimane bikoka pambelu bu tshikuku tshia nyunyi bualu biamu bia tshiamu bidi bimane bimane kutshibuka. - Kukosa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshinyunguluke makunji a mabaya matalale: Mu nzubu ya mashinyi ya beton anyi nzubu ya mabaya matalale, tangila muaba udi mabaya a plafond apetangana ne mutu wa makunji onso; shi tshilongo tshimueneka bu tshidi tshituta muulu mu tshijengu tshia beton mutshibuka mu plafond, dibue dijima dia panshi didi pabuipi ne kukuluka panshi.

4. Bimanu bia mabaya bidi kabiyi bikolesha (URM) Bibumba bia mabue, tshiibi tshia kapia, ne bimanu bia ditapulula¶

Nzubu ya mabue, mabue, mabue, ne mabue a dilongo adi kaayi makolesha (mitamba kuikala mu bimenga bia kale ne mu miaba ya kumpala kua 1950 pa buloba bujima) idi ne bitupa bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi kabiyi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia munda. - Tshiamu tshia lufu tshia mabwe a mabue ne tshiteyi tshia tshibumba: Mashimi a mabaya a mabaya ne bimanu bia pa mutu pa nzubu bidi bikuma bikole padiku tshikumina. Nansha mudi tshiibi tshia kapia katshiyi tshikuluka mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshinene, tshidi tshipatuka misangu ya bungi ku mutu kua nzubu anyi ku nzubu wa kuulu. Mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshia Magnitude 4.5 tshidi tshilonda, tone ya mabue a mabue adi akuluka pambelu pa njila/mu lupangu anyi munda buludiludi kupitshila ku plafond wa nzubu wa tshilala benyi. - Ditapulula dia Ledger-Board: Tangila muaba udi tshisasa anyi tshisasa tshibidi tshipetangana ne tshimanu tshia mabaya tshia pambelu. Wewe mumone butoke bua munya pankatshi pa tshimanu tshia mabaya ne mabaya a kuulu, anyi bikala tshimanu tshia mabaya tshiinama pambelu munkatshi, tshimanu tshidi tshipatuke ku panshi ne netshipatuke ne netshikuluke mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshidi tshilonda.

5. Nzubu ya ku mukuna ne tshishimikidi tshia Liquefaction Tilting¶

• Nzubu ya ku mikuna idi pa mitshi mile anyi pa bishimikidi bia bibandilu: Tangila buloba budi bubanda ne budi bupueka pabuipi ne bishimikidi bua kumona ni kudi miaba idi ne tension (miaba ya buloba idi bu tshijengu idi ileja ne: kudi tshintu tshidi tshituadija dikuluka dia buloba) ne kutangila ni nkamba ya tshiamu tshia mitaku idi muinshi mua nzubu idi mishindame ne kayiyi mityumuke.
• Dinyanguka dia buloba: Pa buloba budi ku muelelu wa mâyi, mu misulu, anyi pa buloba budi ne mâyi a nsenga, dikankamika dia buloba didi dishintulula nsenga miume bua kulua nsenga ya muoyo (dinyanguka), bienza bua nzubu ikale mibuele mu mâyi kayiyi mikumbane anyi ipingana panyima kayiyi minyanguke padi nsenga ipatuka mu bipese bidi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba anyi mu njila.

6. Biibi bikanga ne bipese bia ku tshimanu (Tshimanyinu tshia didimuija dia tshitekelu tshia nzubu)¶

Bua tshinyi ba-enjenyere ba nzubu batu bateya ntema bikole bua kumanya ni biibi biebe bia munda bidi biunzuluka ne bikanga bimpa kunyima kua tshikumina? - Shi tshimanu tshia mabaya anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitshidi anu tshia karé (mu tshitupa tshia \(90\text{-degree}\) tshiakane), tshiibi tshia tshijengu tshidi tshibuela bimpe munda mua tshimanu tshiatshi. - Shi tshibumba tshia nzubu tshikale tshishindame (tshibandile mu paralelograme), biibi bidi bikanga bikole munda mua bimanu biabi, madidishi adi atshibuka bua dikuma dia mu nseke ya diagonal, ne milongo ya biamu bia tshimanu anyi misonso idi ipatuka mu peinture ku mulongo wa plafond, bileja ne: tshilamba tshia tshimanu tshidi tshipatuka ku bimanu.

Mushindu kayi ne dîba kayi dia kujima gaz naturel, propane, nzembu ne mâyi¶

Kuenza mudimu bibi ne bintu bia mudimu kunyima kua tshikumina kudi kufikisha ku bipupu bibidi bishilangane: kushiya muonji wa gaz munyanguke kudi kujula kapia ka mu bimenga panyima pa tshikumina, kadi kukanga bipiminu bia gaz bidi kabiyi binyanguke mu tshimenga tshijima kudi kushiya bantu binunu ne binunu kabayi ne kapia anyi mâyi a kapia munkatshi mua mbingu ya bungi bualu bena mudimu ba mudimu badi ne bua kunemeka nzubu yonso ne kutokesha muntu ne muntu.

   HOW TO READ AND SHUT OFF YOUR NATURAL GAS SERVICE VALVE

   [1] GAS IS ON (Normal Flow)          [2] GAS IS OFF (Shut Off)
       Brass lug is PARALLEL                Brass lug is PERPENDICULAR
       (in-line) with the pipe              (crosswise / 90°) to the pipe

           |   |                                |   |
           | | |  <-- Lug vertical              |===|  <-- Turn 1/4 turn (90°)
           | | |      (In-line)                 |   |      either way until holes
           |   |                                |   |      align for padlock
      =====[Meter]=====                    =====[Meter]=====

1. Dikonkonona dia tshipiminu tshia gaz naturel ne mikenji ya dijika¶

1. Keba tshipiminu tshieba tshia gaz ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshiakane KUMPALA kua tshikumina kuenzeka:
2. Tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi nzubu (tshiamu tshia mudimu**) tshidi pa mulonda wa tshibuelelu tshidi tshipatuka panshi kumpala kua gaz kubuela mu tshiamu tshia nzembu ne mu mubidi wa tshipiminu (pa tshibidilu \(15\text{ too ne ku }30\text{ santimetre}\) [\(6\text{ too ne ku }12\text{ to {\)}] kuinshi kua tshipiminu).
3. Udi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku (lug) tshidi ne tshina tshidi tshinyunguluke.
4. Lama tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi gaz tshidi katshiyi tshienza kapia anyi tshiamu tshia 30-centimetre (12-inch) tshidi mua kushintuluka tshikanga anyi tshilengeja anu ku luseke lua tshipiminu tshia gaz bua wewe kubenga kukeba tshiamu tshia mudimu mu garage mufiike ne mukuluke.
5. Enza 3-Point Gas Leak Check kunyima kua tshikumina:
6. Munu: Nua mupuya mu tshipiminu, mu bipese bia luya, mu tshilaminu tshia mayi, ne mu tshikuku bua kupeta mupuya wa diyi dibole / sufre wa mupuya wa mercaptan udibu basakidila ku gaz naturel ne ku propane (tangila dipatuka dia gaz).
7. Teleja: Teleja mutoyi wa tshiona, wa mbila, anyi wa tshiona pabuipi ne metre anyi bimanu.
8. Tangila tshiamu tshia diteta: Ne biamu bionso bia gaz bia mu nzubu bijima, tangila tshiamu tshia diteta tshia tshitupa tshikese tshidi kumpala kua tshiamu tshia kupima natshi gaz (tshidibu bafunda pa tshibidilu ne: \(1/2\text{ Cubic Foot}\) anyi \(2\text{ Cubic Feet}\)) munkatshi mua minite 3 too ne ku 5. Shi tshiamu etshi tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka padiku kakuyi tshioshelu anyi tshioshelu tshidi tshienza mudimu, luya ludi lupatuka mu mulonda mutyumuke munda mua nzubu.
9. Bikala tshimue tshia ku bimanyinu bisatu tshidi tshimpe (anyi bikala nzubu mushintuluke pa tshishimikidi tshiende): MUJIME.
10. Teka tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi pa tshiamu tshia kubueja natshi bintu ne tshikudimune 90 degrés (tshitupa tshimue tshia binayi) mu nseke yonso ibidi too ne padi tshiamu etshi tshisomba mu nseke yonso (tshidi tshitangalake) ne tshiamu tshia nshinga ne bipese bibidi bia tshiibi bidi bipetangana.
11. KUENA mua kupingaja tshiamu tshia gaz to. Kupingaja gaz kudi kuenza bua gaz udi kayi muoshe apatuke mu minda ya pilote idi mijima anyi mu bipese bia milonda misokoka munda mua bimanu, bienza bua tshipupu tshia lufu musangu udi ulonda padi compresseur wa frigo anyi tshintu tshia kutemesha natshi muendu tshitema. Anu mumanyi wa mudimu wa gaz anyi muena plombier udi ne bukenji ke udi mua kuteta tshiamu etshi ne kupingaja mudimu wa gaz.

2. Biamu bia kuowa nabi mâyi bia gaz bidi ne mikaba ne bidi kabiyi bilamakaja (ne njiwu ya dipatuka dia kapia)¶

Nansha mudi tshiamu tshiebe tshia kuowa natshi mâyi tshia gaz tshilamakaja ku bimanu ne biamu bibidi bia tshiamu tshikole (tshia bisatu tshia kuulu ne tshia kuinshi tshia tshina tshia mâyi) ne katshiyi tshikuluka to: - Tangila diakamue tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi diakamue. Dikankamika dikole ditu misangu ya bungi dinyangakaja tshilamba tshia tshiamu ne tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapia ku mutu kua tshina tshia mâyi. Shi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshitungunuka ne kutema ne tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapia tshidi katshiyi tshipatuka, katshiyi ne mupuya, tshidi mua kushipa monoxide de carbone udi ubuela buludiludi mu nzubu muebe. - Tangila pikala gaz flex-connector kinks: Ikala mujadike ne tshiamu tshia gaz tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku katshivua tshitambakane anyi tshipanduluke patshivua tshinyunguluka to.

3. Mikenji ya dikanga dia nzembu ne mayi¶

• Mudilu: Jima tshintu tshinene tshia nzembu ku tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu wewa mumone mionji minyanguke anyi idi itema, mupuya wa tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshiosha, ne mayi adi panshi adi afumina ku milonda idi mipatuke, anyi udi umbuka mu nzubu munyanguke.
• MUSHINDU WA KUENZA: Wewe mumvue mupuya wa gaz naturel anyi wa propane munda mua nzubu, KUTEKI tshiamu tshia dikosa dia nzembu, tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi munda mua nzubu; kukudimuna tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu kudi kuenza ka-arc ka nzembu ka munda kadi mua kututa nzubu muwule tente ne gaz. Tuanji kupatuka ne kukanga gaz udi ufumina ku tshipiminu tshia pambelu.
• Tshiamu tshia mayi a mu nzubu: Shi milonda ya mu njibo mityumuke ne ivula mu plafond nansha panshi, kanga tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi mu nzubu (muaba udi mayi abuela mu nzubu anyi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba) bua kuepuka dinyanguka dia mayi ne bua kulama 150 too ne ku 300 litre (40 to ne ku 80 gallons) ya mayi a kunua adibu balame mu nzubu webe tshina tshia kapia kumpala kua mayi a mu njila ajimija bukole anyi anyanguka kudi milonda ya tshina tshia mâyi tshitshibuka.
• Mashinyi a Propane (LPG) (Nzubu ya mu misoko ne idi kayiyi ne nzembu): Bishilangane ne gaz naturel, udi mupepele kupita kapepe ne ubanda too ne ku plafond, gaz wa petrole wa mâyi (propane) udi ne bujitu misangu 1,5 kupita kapepe ne udi ubuela mu nzubu ya muinshi mua buloba ne mu miaba idibu mua kuendakana. Panyima pa tshikumina, tangila tshina tshiebe tshia propane tshia pambelu bua kujadika ne: katshiena tshipueka pa mabue atshi ne tshitshibule tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku to; Shi udi umvua mupuya wa gaz anyi umona mashika pa tshiamu tshia tshina tshia mâyi, ubalulule tshiamu tshia ku tshianza tshidi muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi mu luseke lua dîba (ku dia balume) too ne paditshi tshikole.

Liste muipi wa kupingana mu nzubu (ANYI bua nzubu idi ne tshimanyinu tshia vert anyi tshia Yellow-Tagged tshidibu banyishile)¶

Shi nzubu weba udi ne Green-Tagged (anyi udi ne Yellow Tag udi ufila bukenji bua kubuela mu tshitupa tshîpi bua kuangata manga anyi bintu bia mushinga mukole) ne mupita dikonkonona dia pambelu dia 360-degree:

• Kubuela nkayebe nansha kakese; ela "Outside Lookout" ne tshiona tshikole: Muntu mukulumpe udi ne tshia kushala pambelu mu njila kayi ne njiwu ya kukuluka, mukuate tshingoma tshia kupandisha natshi tshidi katshiyi ne nkunde. Shi muena mudimu umvua tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina tshituadija anyi umona nzubu wenda unyunguluka, tshiona tshimue tshile tshidi tshileja muntu udi munda bua kukuluka, kubuikila anyi kupatuka diakamue.
• Vwala bintu bionso bia kudikuba nabi: Vuala tshilamba tshikole anyi tshifulu tshia dikalu/tshia kubanda natshi mikuna, bisabata bia mudimu bia nsongo mikole, bianza bia tshiseba, makalashi a bukubi, tshiamu tshia N95 tshia kuela lupuishi (plaster munyanguke ne plafond ya kale ya popcorn idi ipatula silica ne lupuishi lua asbeste).
• Kanzulula tshiibi tshionso paudi ubuela: Ambula tshiibi tshia mabaya anyi bintu bia bujitu ne uteke tshiibi tshia kumpala ne tshiibi tshionso tshia munda tshiunzulula panyima pebe bua se: pikala tshikumina tshikuate bimanu bia tshiibi paudi mu nzubu wa bulalu wa panyima, kuakuikala mukanga ne mubuele munda to.
• Kanzulula biibi bia mu tshikuku ne biibi bia tshilaminu tshia bintu anu ku 2 centimètres (1 inch): Mu tshikondo tshia tshikumina tshinene, milondo ya makala manene, malongo a mabue, ne bibombi bidi bienda bibuela kumpala ne bishindamena buludiludi munda mua biibi bia tshikuku bikanga; kunyungulula tshiibi tshia kazubu ka tshilaminu tshia bintu kudi kutula makala a bujitu ku mpala ne ku bianza biebe.
• Komba makala matshibuka ne tshibuikila bintu bia mu nzubu bidi bipueka diakamue: Tangila muinshi mua tshisuku tshia mu tshikuku ne tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi muaba udi milondo ya bleach ne ya amoniaque anyi ya tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mâyi mua kuikala mibuele ne misambakane (tangila tshintu tshia kusukula natshi bintu tshisambakaja ne gaz toxique wa amoniak).

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bikumina bia panyima pa tshikumina bitu misangu yonso bikese kupita tshikumina tshinene anyi, anyi tshikumina tshinene tshidi mua kuenzeka pashishe?¶

Nansha mudi bikumina bia bungi bia panyima pa bikumina bikese kupita bikumina binene (bidi bitamba kufika ku tshibungubungu tshia bunene bua 1,1 too ne ku 1,2 bilondeshile mikenji ya Båth, mbuena kuamba ne: tshikumina tshia bukole bua 7,0 tshitu tshitamba kupatula tshikumina tshinene tshia bunene bua 5,8 too ne ku 5,9), mikanda ya malu a tshikumina ya mu USGS idi ileja ne: tshikumina tshia buloba tshidi tshifika ku 65 pa lukama too ne ku 6 pa lukama mu bulelela i bikumina bia kumpala bidi bilonda mu mêba anyi matuku makese kudi tshikumina tshinene. Nansha tshikumina tshia panyima tshidi ne bukole bukese misangu 10 kupita tshikumina tshinene tshidi mua kukupula nzubu uvua ne makunji a beton, bimanu bia mabue anyi bishimikidi bivua bimane kutshibuka ne bitekete bua tshikumina tshia kumpala.

Bua tshinyi tshiena ne bua kujima tshipiminu tshianyi tshia gaz naturel diakamue kunyima kua tshikumina tshionso?¶

Udi ne tshia kujima tshiamu tshieba tshia gaz naturel anu pikala umvua mupuya wa gaz, mumvue tshintu tshidi tshipatuka, mumone tshiamu tshikese tshia diteta tshidi pa tshiamu tshia metre tshienda tshinyunguluka padi biamu bionso bia gaz bijima, anyi mumone ne: nzubu webe mmushintuluke pa tshishimikidi tshiende. Padibu bajima tshiamu tshia gaz, bena nzubu badi bakandika kudi mikenji ne ku mubidi bua kutshipingaja kudibu nkayabu bualu gaz udi kayi muoshe udi mua kupitshila mu miendu ya pilote idi mijima anyi mu miaba idi misokome ne kututa. Padi makumi a binunu bia bena musoko bajima biamu bia kupima nabi gaz bidi kabiyi binyanguke kakuyi bualu kunyima kua tshikumina tshikole, bidi mua kuangata bena mudimu ba mu nzubu mbingu ya bungi bua kuenza mateta a nzembu ku nzubu ne ku nzubu bua kupingaja kapia ne mâyi a kapia mu tshimenga.

Bimanyinu bia Vert, Yellow, ne Red bidibu bateka pa nzubu kunyima kua tshikumina bidi biumvuija tshinyi?¶

Muinshi mua bulongolodi bua buloba bujima bua ATC-20 bua malu a bukubi bua panyima pa tshikumina, tshimanyinu tshia GREEN ("INSPECTED") tshidi tshileja ne: kakuena njiwu ya nzubu idibu bapete ne bantu badi mua kusombamu bilondeshile mikenji, nansha mudibi mua kuikala ne njiwu idi kayiyi ya nzubu. Tshimanyinu tshia MUDIMU ("MUDIMU WA KUENZA") tshidi tshileja ne: mbapete njiwu kampanda ya nzubu anyi ya dikuluka; Kusomba anyi kulala munda mua nzubu kudi kukandika pa kumbusha padibu baleje patoke, ne kubuela kudi anu mu miaba idi kayiyi ne njiwu anyi mu tshitupa tshîpi tshia diangatshila dia bintu bia mushinga mukole. Tshimanyinu tshikunze ("Katshiena tshimpe") tshidi tshileja ne: nzubu mmunyanguke bikole anyi udi mu njiwu ya dikuluka dia pabuipi nende, ne kubuela mu nzubu bua bualu kayi buonso nkukandika bikole ne kudi mua kunyanga muoyo.

Bua tshinyi bidi ne njiwu bua kupatuka pambelu pa nzubu padiku dikankamika, ne ndîba kayi dimpe dia kupatuka?¶

Kupatuka lubilu mu nzubu padi buloba buenda buteketa kudi kukuteka muinshi mua tshitupa tshidi mua kushipa bantu bikole padiku tshikumina: pambelu pa nzubu, mudi bimanu bia mabue bidi kabiyi bikolesha, bipese bia kapia, mabaya a kuulu, biamu bia luya lukole, ne madidishi a mu nzubu wa kuulu adi manyanguke bipueka mu njila ne mu bibandilu. Mu tshikondo tshia dikankamika dia bukole (nansha dikankamika dinene anyi dia panyima pa dikankamika), ikala munda ne uteke, ufuke, ne ulama muinshi mua bintu bia mu nzubu bikole anyi ku tshimanu tshia munda. Tshikondo tshimpe tshia kupatuka ntshia diakamue kunyima kua dikankamika dimane kuimana, wenda upuekela lubilu mu tshibandilu ne utangila mulu paudi upatuka muaba udi mubuluke misangu mitue ku 1,5 kupita bule bua nzubu kule ne nzubu.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Applied Technology Council (ATC, United States): ATC-20-1 Field Manual: Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings (Green Inspected, Yellow Restricted Use, and Red Unsafe Card Criteria).
• United States Geological Survey (USGS): Dimanyisha dia tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina, mikenji ya Omori ne mikenji ya Båth ya dinyanguka dia tshikumina tshia panyima pa tshikumina, malu adi mua kuenzeka kumpala kua tshikumina, ne dimanyisha dia njiwu ya panyima pa tshikumina.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Ready.gov (United States): Earthquake Safety Checklist (FEMA B-526), ​​Identifying Soft-Story and Cripple-Wall Structural Vulnerabilitys, and Utility Shutoff Guidelines.
• Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) ne Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas, United States): Dikonkonona dia tshipiminu tshia gaz naturel panyima pa tshikumina, mishindu ya dikanga dia tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia 90-Degree, ne mikenji ya dilongolola dia bintu bimpe.
• Kasumbu ka bena mudimu ba pa buloba bujima badi bafila mibelu bua kukeba ne kusungila bantu (INSARAG / OCHA wa matunga masanga) ne CERT: Triage wa nzubu, dikeba ne disungila dia bintu bipepele, ne mikenji ya bukubi ya dibuela mu nzubu minyanguke.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Bikumina: Kupueka, kubuikila, ne kulama bua kupanduka
• Dinyanguka dia nzubu ne dikuluka dia nzubu ku nzubu
• Dipatuka dia gaz: mushindu kayi wa kumanya ne kujima gaz naturel
• Disama dia mutshima ne disama dia tshitupa tshia mubidi
• Tsunami: bimanyinu bia kudimuija bia pa buloba ne dipatuka mu miaba mitumbuke
• Tshibombi ne tshibombi tshia dipatuka mu tshimpitshimpi