Dipatuka dia mafuta a amoniak adi kaayi ne mâyi: dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia mu tshina tshia mâyi, dinyanguka dia mashika, ne mukenji wa mâyi a 5-Gallon¶

Mu mabele, blé, ne madimi a milongo pa buloba bujima, anhydrous ammoniac (\(\text{NH}_3\), 82-0-0) i tshiamu tshia azote tshidi ne bintu bia bungi, tshidi katshiyi tshilomba makuta a bungi pa buloba - ne musangu umue tshintu tshimuepele tshia njiwu tshidi ne bukole tshidi tshienza mudimu buludiludi kudi badimi. Muaku anhydrous udi umvuija "kakuyi mayi." Munda mua budimi bua tshiamu tshitoka ma tanki a baminganga (3,785 to 5,678 liters / 1,000 to 1,500 gallons) muenzeja ku 830 to 1,725+ kPa (120 to 250+ psi) mu difuku dia mashika, badi balama ammonia bu tshintu tshikole. Ino, mu kitatyi kimo kya tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshipatuka, tshintu tshidi tshilamakaja lukasa tshidi tshipatuka paditshi tshipatuka, tshiamu tshia dikoka natshi mashi tshidi tshinyanguka padibu batshikoka, anyi tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi tshia mu njila tshinene tshinyanguka, amoniak wa mâyi udi kayi ne mâyi udi ukuata tshipepele tshia mu lupepele ne udi utokesha bikole ku -33.3 C (-28.0 F), udi wenda uvula misangu 850 mu bunene mu tshintu tshikole, tshidi tshikuata panshi lupuishi lutoke lua matonsi a mâyi a mashika ne gaz wa amoniak udi ufuisha mupuya.

Tshidi tshienza bua tshiamu tshia ammoniak tshidi katshiyi ne mâyi tshikale tshinyangu tshia pa buatshi kudi mubidi wa muntu ntshia se: tshidi ne dinanga dia bungi dia bintu bidi ne mâyi (hygroscopicity) musambakaja ne tshiamu tshia cryogène tshia lukasa**. Padi amoniak wa mu mayi ututa muena madimi ku mpala, ku mêsu, ku nshingu, anyi ku bilamba biende bia mudimu, udi wenza bua mishindu isatu ya dibutula dia mubidi mu tusunsa 5: (1) Cryogenic Flash-Freezing (-33.3 C / -28 F), kuenza bua dikoba ne bilamba bikale bikole ku mubidi udi muinshi; (2) Exothermic Dehydration, dipuekesha dia molecule yonso wa mayi mu selile ya muoyo; ne (3) Caustic Alkaline Liquefaction Necrosis (pH 11.6 to 13.0), udi wenza mudimu ne mayi a mu selile bua kuenza ammonium hydroxyde (NH3 + H2O -> NH4OH), udi unyangula bipese bia selile ne wenza bua mafuta ikale sabuni. Mu dîsu dia muntu, ammonium hydroxyde udi ubuela mu tshitupa tshia dîsu mu muinshi mua sekonde 5 to ne ku 10, unyanga tshitupa tshia dîsu, tshimuenekelu tshia mêsu, ne nzubu wa kumpala ne wenza bufofo bua kashidi, budi kabuyi mua kupingana pa kumbusha padibu bamusukula diakamue ne mâyi. Tshidi tshibi menemene ntshia se: bikala muntu udi usungila anyi udibu bashipe uteta bua kupanda jean anyi tshilamba tshidi ne ammoniaque kumpala kua kutshibula tshilamba atshi ne mâyi a bungi, nebapatule mabeji a dikoba dia mashika adi ne bunene buonso pa mifuba. Shi udi mupeta dinyanguka dia amoniak udi kayi ne mayi anyi dibuela mu tshibuelelu mpindieu, ubikile muaba uudi musombele nomba ya tshimpitshimpi diakamue, ne tangila balombodi betu ba bana betu pa gaz wa ntete (dioxide d'azote) ne sulfure d'hydrogène mu tshina tshia manyoka, dinyanguka dia manga a tshinyangu ne dinyanguka dia buloba, ne dikuluka dia traktere ne bukubi bua tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Ikala ne mupuya, ikala ne mêsu makuate, ne unyeme MU LUPEPE anyi MU LUPETU (mu angle wa 90-degree ku lupepele) diakamue mu ditu dia luya lutoke. Kunyemi nansha kakese mu lupepele lua kuinshi ne ditutu to. Bualu mashika, lupepele lua amoniak udi kayi ne mâyi lusambakaja ne luya lua kapepe ludi ku ntuadijilu lupita lupepele ne ludi lukuata panshi mu lupuishi lutoke lua bungi, nyema uya muaba mule udi muulu mu lupepele mutantshi wa metre 100 too ne ku 300 (330 too ne ku 1000 feet) (1.6 km / 1 mile dipatuka mu lupepele bua dinyanguka dinene dia tshina tshia baminganga).
2. SUKA MESO NE LUKOBA NE MAYI MU SECONDE 5 TO 10 - enza mudimu ne mulondo webe wa mu tshibombi kumpala paudi wenda unyema mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia 20-Litre (5-Gallon) tshia munganga. Sekonde yonso pankatshi pa 0 and 10 seconds udi uleja ni udi mua kulama mêsu eba. Ikala ne bipese bia mêsu biunzulula ne minu yebe (kutshimuna disama dia blepharospasm) ne upongolole mâyi a bungi pa mêsu kumbukila ku ditumba dia munda (tshibumba tshia muulu) too ne pambelu munkatshi mua minite 15 anyi 30 kayiyi ijika.
3. KUPATU anyi kumbusha bilamba bidi ne amoniak KUMPALA kua kubiuja ne kubilengeja bimpe ne mayi. Amoniak wa mâyi udi kayi ne mâyi udi utema ku -33.3 C (-28 F) ne udi ulengeja denim, coton, ne tshiseba bikole ku dikoba diebe. Buela muinshi mua 20-liter (5-gallon) tshina tshia mayi, tshina tshia mayi a bimuna, tshina tshia mayi tshia madimi, anyi mayi a mu tshina ne bilamba biebe bimane; Padi tshilamba tshijika ne tshipatuka kudi mayi adi apita, udi mua kukosa anyi kumbusha bilamba bionso bidi ne bukoya, bisabata, ne bianza bia dikoba bua ammonia udi mukuate katungunuki ne kukuosha to.
4. Biwikala kuyi ne mayi malenga adi mashale mu budimi bua kule ne ammonia mu meso ebe, ela diakamue ne mayi onso adi kaayi a tshinyangu audi nawu (cold coffee, unsweetened tea, milk, sports drinks, melted ice from a cooler, anyi pond/ditch water). Disama dia mêsu didi difumina ku mayi a mu tshina didi mua kuondopibua ne matonshi a antibiotique a mu lupitadi malaba; diosha dia amonia mu dîsu didi kadiyi disukula didi difikisha muntu ku difua dia kashidi mu masekonde 30.
5. Bikila 911 / 112 / 999 diakamue ne uleje "Hazmat Anhydrous Ammonia Leak (UN 1005)" ne njila mulelela wa lupepele ne GPS/njila ya njila. Shi muntu udi mupuekesha luya lua ammoniake ne udi ne disama dia mu mikolo, dîyi dia mutoyi/diela mbila, stridor (dipuekesha dia mupuya mukole padiye upuyakana), anyi dikokola dia tshipupu tshia rose, umusombe mululame (High Fowler's) ne kuambila baminganga bua kudilongolola bua dibueja dia lukasa dia tshiamu tshia endotracheal kumpala kua edema wa larynx kukanga tshitupa tshia luya.
6. KUENA mua kuela mafuta, manteka, mafuta, mafuta a kuosha, anyi vinegre/acide neutralisers ku diosha dia amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi to. Mafuta ne mafuta adi akuata amoniake udi kayi muenze mudimu munda mua dikoba munkatshi mua mêba a bungi, ne kuela aside mutekete (vinegar) pa tshiamu tshia alkaline tshia amoniak tshidi tshijula tshienzedi tshia tshiamu tshia exothermique tshidi tshiteka kabidi tshitupa tshidi tshitapike. Ikala wenza mudimu ne tshintu tshikuabu to, anu mâyi mashika munkatshi mua minite 30+.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: Dipanda dia lukasa ne disungula mu tshikondo tshia amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi (NH3) Leak¶

Wenza mudimu ne njila wa dipangadika dia malu a madimi ne a Hazmat mu tshimpitshimpi dîba didi tshina tshia munganga, tshiamu tshia mudimu, anyi tshiamu tshia frigo tshipatula amoniak udi kayi ne mâyi.

flowchart TD
    A["Amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi (NH3) Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku, dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku, anyi dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku (ditutu dia luya lutoke + ne mupuya mubi wa dipuekesha luya)"] --> B{"Muntu uvuaku muela ammoniak anyi mukuatshibue munda mua ditutu dia luya lutoka anyi?"}
    B -->|"NO: Muena mudimu udi kayi ne tshintu tshia kuela; dipatukila didi ditungunuka"| C["."]
    B -->|"EYOWA: Dikoba, Mesu, anyi Njila ya Luya idi mipatuke"| D["BITUPA 5 BIA KUMPALA: Enza mudimu ne mulondo wa Pocket Eye Squeeze diakamue paudi wenda ne lupepele lua 20 L (5-Gal) lua mâyi a mu tshina tshia munganga"]
    D --> E{"Mêsu adiku patoke (adi atema, adi apuekesha, adi akanga, adi kaayi amueneka bimpe) anyi?"}
    E -->|"EYOWA: Tshilumbu tshia lukasa tshia mêsu"| F["KUENZA BIDIMU BIA MESO KUBULULA ne minu; Sukula mêsu kumpala ne katupa katupa munkatshi mua minite 15 too ne ku 30+ (Umbusha biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu anu kunyima kua minite 1-2 ya kusukula)"]
    E -->|"NO: Anu Dikoba anyi Dipuekesha"| G["Bilamba ne kikoba bivua binyanguke kudi mvula wa bungi ne mâyi a bungi KUMPALA kua kuteta bua kumbusha bilamba bivua bikuate mashika"]
    F --> G
    G --> H["Bilamba bivua bimane kuikala mu mashika bidi binyanguka ne bipatuka ku dikoba: Umbusha bilamba bionso bidi ne bukoya, bisabata ne ma-montre; Tungunuka ne kusukula mayi mu minite 30"]
    H --> I{"Tangila njila wa lupepele: Dîyi dikole, tshifu tshikole, stridor, diela dia mayi, anyi dipanga dia mupuya?"}
    I -->|"EYOWA: Dikanga dia njila wa luya didi pabuipi"| J["MUSHINDU WA KUENZA ALS: Somba mululame, O2 udi ne luya lua bungi, bronchodilateurs nebulisés, intubation endotrachéale précoce avec une petite tube avant larynx swells fermer"]
    I -->|"NO: Meso/Dikoba Diosha Anu"| K["Tshibambalu tshia malu a tshimpitshimpi Tshiamu tshia mashinyi: Dilengeja dia mêsu ne mâyi a mukele (Morgan Lens) too ne padi pH wa Conjunctival ufika ku 7.0-7.4; Dishintulula dia muaba wa kuosha"]

Tshitupa 1: Fizike ne tshimfuanyi tshia bua tshinyi amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi udi ne bunyangu bua pa buabu¶

Bua tshinyi amoniak udi kayi ne mâyi udi ukebesha mputa mikole menemene, idi itamba kufofomija mêsu kupita aside wa mu bateri (sulfuric acid) anyi neje miume nkayayi?

1. Dibunda dia mubidi dia mishindu isatu (Freeze + Desiccate + Saponify)¶

2. Bipimu bia dikolesha dia mubidi (ppm mu lupepele)¶

Tshitupa 2: Mikenji ya mayi ya "5-Gallon + Pocket Squeeze Bottle" ne mikenji ya dilengeja dia bintu¶

Muinshi mua USHA OSHA (29 CFR 1910.111), ANSI/CGA K61.1, Health Canada, ne mikenji ya tshibambalu tshia madimi, tshina tshionso tshia ammoniaque tshidi katshiyi ne mâyi ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi ne tshia kuikala ne bintu bibidi bia mayi a tshimpitshimpi:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     THE MANDATORY TWO-TIER WATER SYSTEM FOR ANHYDROUS AMMONIA WORK      |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1. THE 250 mL (8 oz) POCKET EYE-SQUEEZE BOTTLE (Carried ON Your Body): |
|     - Why the 5-gallon tank on the trailer isn't enough by itself:      |
|       When a hose bursts in your face, intense corneal pain slams your  |
|       eyelids shut (blepharospasm) and the white vapor cloud blinds     |
|       you. You CANNOT see to stumble 6 meters (20 feet) around a        |
|       trailer into a toxic fog to find the mounted water tank.          |
|     - By keeping a 250 mL squeeze bottle of clean water clipped to      |
|       your belt or shirt pocket, you can squirt water into your eyes    |
|       within 2 SECONDS while running cross-wind to the main water tank. |
|                                                                         |
|  2. THE 20-LITER (5-GALLON) MOUNTED EMERGENCY WATER CONTAINER:          |
|     - Mounted securely on the nurse tank / tractor fender with a        |
|       wide-bore gravity hose that flows freely when pulled.             |
|     - MUST be drained and refilled with fresh, clean potable water      |
|       EVERY SINGLE MORNING (water sitting near a leaky ammonia valve    |
|       absorbs ammonia vapors and turns into caustic ammonium hydroxide  |
|       that will blind you if you wash your eyes with it).               |
|     - In freezing spring/fall weather, protect the water tank or keep   |
|       a second 20 L (5 gal) jug inside the heated tractor cab so you    |
|       never grab a frozen block of ice during an emergency.             |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Mulongo wa dilengeja dia bintu bia mu budimi ne mu lupitadi ku kakese ku kakese¶

Tshitupa 1: Masekonde 10 a kumpala (Meso adi ne mushinga wa bungi kupita bionso pa kumbusha dipuyakana)¶

• Shi ammoniaku mukuate meso eba ne maboko/maulu eba, sukula mesu ebe KUMPALA. Dikoba didi mua kuikala dibueja; tshitupa tshia mêsu tshidibu benze ne sapon tshidi tshifofoma kashidi pikalatshi katshiyi tshisukula mu 5 too ne ku 15 sekonde.
• Wenza mudimu ne tshianza tshiebe tshinene ne tshianza tshiebe tshia tshianza bua kukoka ne kukoka bipese bia mêsu ebe bia kuulu ne bia kuinshi bishilangane (ammoniak udi wenza bua mêsu ebe afina bikole kakuyi dijinga adi akuata hydroxyde d’ammonium caustic muinshi mua bipese bia mêsu ku tshimuenekelu tshia mêsu).
• Netuambe tshinyi bua biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu? Kuvuadi biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu nansha kakese paudi wenza mudimu ne amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi to (biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu bipepele bidi bienza mudimu bu biponji bia tshimfuanyi bidi bikuata amoniake wa mâyi ne bimukuata ku tshimuenekelu tshia mêsu). Shi muntu udibu bashipe uvua muvuale bilamba bia kutangila nabi dîsu, sukula dîsu ne mayi munkatshi mua minite 1 anyi 2 KUMPALA bua kulengeja ne kulengeja tshiamu tshia kutangila natshi mêsu, pashishe upatule tshiamu tshia kutangila natshi mêsu ne utungunuke ne kuowa mâyi munkatshi mua minite 30+**. (Kuteta bua kukosa tshiamu tshia kutangila natshi tshidi tshiume, -33 C tshitupa tshia mêsu tshidi tshikosolola tshitupa tshia mêsu).

Tshitupa 2: Mukenji wa "Kumbusha kumpala kua kuumbusha" bua bilamba bia mashika¶

• Padi amoniak udi kayi ne mayi ubuela mu jean ya denim, mu bilamba bia tshilamba, mu masosete anyi mu bianza bia tshiseba, -33.3 C (-28 F) mayi adi alengeja selile ya kikoba miume buludiludi mu tshilamba.
• KUPATUDI pantalo, bilamba, anyi masosete miume to.
• Uwuje tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi ne bilamba ne mayi a mu 20-liter (5-gallon) tshina, tshina tshia mayi tshia madimi, tshina tshia bintu, anyi tshina tshia mu budimi too ne padi mabue a mashika ajika.
• Paudi ujika, umbusha bilamba bionso, kusangisha ne bilamba bia munda, masosete, bisabata, mikaba, mpeta, ne nsa ya ku bianza (gaz wa amoniake udi unyema mu tuishi tudi munda mua bisabata, bilamba bia mu tshiadi, ne bipese bia mu nshingu, ne udi ukebesha mputa mikole ya mu tshiadi, ya mu tshiadi, ne ya ku makasa pikala bilamba bia munda/bisabata bishale).

Tshitupa 3: Dilengeja dia mayi mu minite 30 ne dilama dia tshiamu tshia ku lupitadi tshia Morgan¶

• Lama mayi a mashika anyi a luya lukole adi apueka pa mêsu ne pa dikoba diosha misangu yonso munkatshi mua minite 15 to ne ku 30 kumpala ne mu tshikondo tshia dienda dia ambulanse.
• Mu tshibambalu tshia malu a tshimpitshimpi:
  • Baminganga batu bateka mafuta a ku mêsu adi akolesha mubidi (Proparacaine anyi Tetracaine) bua kuimanyika disama dia mêsu, bapatula (kubandisha munda-pambelu) mêsu a kuulu ne a kuinshi bua kuela fornices ya ku mutu ne ya kuinshi ya ku mêsu, ne babueja Morgan Lens milamakaja ku 1 to 2 liters wa Lactated Ringer's anyi Normal Saline.
  • Kuela mayi kudi kutungunuka kakuyi lutatu too ne padi filme wa binsonji wa conjonctival pH (mupima ne dibeji dia litmus minite 5 kunyima kua kuimana kua mayi) udi ushala mushindame pankatshi pa 7.0 and 7.4, pashishe dikonkonona dia lukasa dia munganga wa mêsu.
  • Dilama dia mputa ya dikoba: Dikoba dia dikoba dia ammonia didi dituadija bu bipese bia mashika bidi bitoka, bia mutoke anyi bia jaune bidi bilua bipumbishi, bia edema, ne bifiike bu tshiseba (full-thickness eschar) mu meba 24 too ne ku 48. Enza bu tshintu tshisangisha tshia Termal + Alkaline Chemical Burn (Parkland Formula lactated Ringer's fluid resuscitation, prophylaxis of tetanus, sterile moist dressings, and transfer to regional Burn Center).

Tshitupa 3: Dilombola dia malu 4 adi atamba kuenzeka mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne tshia biamu bia mudimu¶

Bua tshinyi 80% ya mputa ya amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi mu madimi itu yenzeka padibu basuika, bapatula anyi bapatula tupoyi?

Bua tshinyi masque a lupuishi ne masque a dipanda kaena afila bukubi nansha bumue kudi amoniake¶

Didimuija dinene kudi badimi ne bena Samalea bimpe: - Maski a lupuishi (N95), bandana ya bilamba, ne biamu bia kuela nabi mupuya bia peinture wa organic-vapeur KABIENA BIKUATA gaz wa amoniak to. - Tshiamu tshia vert NIOSH Ammonia Cartridge Full-Face Respirator tshidi anu tshikuba too ne ku 300 ppm (ne anu padi oxygène >= 19.5%) - udi muwule tente munda mua ditutu dia luya lua amoniak mutoke udi umueneka (> 2,500 to 10,000+ ppm). - Kubuedi nansha kakese mu ditutu dia amoniak ditoke didi dimueneka bua kukanga tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi anyi kusungila muntu to, anu wewe muikale muena mudimu wa kapia mulongesha uvua muvuale tshiamu tshia kupuyakana natshi tshia Positive-Pressure (SCBA) ne tshilamba tshia Hazmat tshia Level A tshidi tshikuba ku luya (bualu luya lua amoniak lua bungi ludi lunyanguka buludiludi mu tuishi tua mu tshiadi tshiebe ne mu tshiadi tshiebe nansha ku diambuluisha dia bilamba bia mudimu bia ba-pompier).

Tshitupa 4: Kukuba bimuna, madimi, ne bena mutumba mu tshikondo tshia dinyanguka dinene dia tshina tshia baminganga¶

Shi tshina tshia baminganga tshikuluka mu tshina anyi tshipeta tshiamu tshitshibuka tshidi katshiyi mua kufika bimpe: 1. Umbuke diakamue: Mu US DOT / Transport Canada / European ADR Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG Guide 125 bua UN 1005, Anhydrous Amoniac): - Muaba wa kumpala wa kudisombuela (Njila yonso): 30 to 100 meters (100 to 330 feet). - Ntanta wa tshienzedi tshia bukubi ku lupepele: 0.2 to 0.3 km (0.1 to 0.2 miles) bua dinyanguka dikese dia valve, ne 0.8 to 1.6 km (0.5 to 1.0 mile) ku dituku (too ne ku 2.4 km / 1.5 miles butuku, padi luya lushintuluka lukuata lupuishi lutoke lua mashika panshi) bua dinyanguka dinene dia tshina tshia baminganga. 2. Mukenji wa tshisokomenu (anu pikalaye mukuatshike mu lupepele munda mua nzubu wa madimi ne ditutu dikale pambelu): - Shi ditutu ditoke dimane kunyunguluka njibo kadi kuyi mua kunyema lupepele lukole: ikala mu nzubu mu tshisasa tshia kuulu, kanga madidishi onso ne biibi, kanga bionso bia HVAC, bia tshikuku, ne bia ventilateur, kanga miaba idi mipatuke ku biibi ne bilamba bia kuowa nabi mâyi, ne upuekesha mupuya mu mashi a kuowa mâyi a bungi mu mukana muebe ne mukana muebe tshilamba tshidi tshikuata tshitupa tshia dikema tshia gaz wa amoniak wa mushinga mukese kumpala kua kufikatshi mu mikolo yebe). 3. Ditangalaka dia lupuishi lua mu tshibambalu tshia kapia: - Bena mudimu ba kapia ba mu Hazmat badi bafika badi benza mudimu ne misulu ya lupuishi idi kayiyi ne muntu idi ne njila mualabale (water curtains) mu lupepele lua kuinshi kua tshina tshia mâyi bua kukuma ne kujimija luya lua amoniak ludi mu lupepele (kusangisha luya lua ammonium hydroxyde lua caustic bua kalubuedi mu misulu idi ne mishipa to), eku ** KUENA MUA KUELA mâyi buludiludi pa tshina tshia mâyi tshia -33 C amoniak wa mu mayi anyi tshiamu tshia tshina tshia mashika (bualu mayi a kapia adi enza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia tshidi tshienza bua ammoniake wa mu mayi ateke misangu 10 lukasa ne alengeja tshiamu tshia tshina tshia mâyi tshikole).

(Bua malu adi atangila malu a madimi ne malu a tshimpitshimpi a mu mikolo, bala Gaz wa mu tshina tshia ntete (muishi mutoke wa dioxyde d'azote), disama dia mu tshina tshia ntete, ne sulfure d'hydrogène wa mu tshina tshia manyoka, Dinyanguka dia manga a tshinyangu, manteka adi ne bukoya, ne dinyanguka dia buloba, ne Dikuluka dia traktere ne dipingana dia panyima. Ela meji bua kulonga diambuluisha dia kumpala dia malu a madimi ne dimanyisha dia Hazmat kupitshila ku biro bia mudimu bia mu tshimenga tshienu, Croix-Rouge, anyi St John Ambulance.)

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Gaz wa mu tshina tshia ntete (muishi mutoke wa dioxyde d'azote), disama dia mu tshina tshia ntete, ne sulfure d'hydrogène wa mu tshina tshia manyoka
• Dibutuka dia manga a tshinyangu, manteka adi ne bukoya, ne dilongolola dia buloba budi ne buanga
• Dikuluka dia traktere ne dipingana dia panyima: bua tshinyi kuela traktere pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi bintu kudi kukudimuna traktere mu sekonde 1,5
• Kuosha bisonsa ne kapia ka mu tshikumbi: tshipiminu tshia luya tshikole
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi tshia mu États-Unis (OSHA) & Tshibambalu tshia malu a mikenji tshia mu Amerike (ANSI/CGA K61.1): 29 CFR 1910.111: Dilama ne dilama dia amoniak udi kayi ne mâyi - Difila dia mayi a 5-Gallon a mu tshina tshia munganga, milondo ya kufinya mêsu, ne bintu bia kudikuba nabi.
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC) / Tshilongelu tshia ditunga tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (NIOSH) & Tshibambalu tshia bintu bidi ne buanga ne tshikandakanda tshia masama (ATSDR): Mibelu ya dilama dia manga bua amoniake udi kayi ne mâyi (UN 1005) Dileja: Cryogenic-Alkaline Liquefaction Necrosis, Ocular Irrigation to Neutral pH, and Laryngeal Edema Management of Airway.
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a njila tshia mu États-Unis (PHMSA), Transport Canada & European ADR: Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG Guide 125 bua UN 1005, Ammonia, Anhydrous): Ditapuluka dia kumpala ne ntanta ya dikuba dia lupepele.
• North Dakota State University (NDSU), Iowa State University & University of Minnesota Extension: Agricultural Anhydrous Ammonia Safety: Preventing Bleed-Valve Spray Injuries, Hydrostatic Relief Valves, and Nurse-Tank Highway Towing Safety.
• Tshisumbu tshia American Burn Association (ABA) & Tshilongelu tshia bena Amerike tshia malu a mêsu (AAO): Dilama dia tshimpitshimpi dia mputa ya ku mêsu idi ne bintu bia alkaline (dilengeja dia mêsu) ne mputa ya ku dikoba idi misangisha ku diambuluisha dia cryogenic-caustic.