Kuandamuna ku tshilumbu tshia bungenda, dibikila dia ku kabadi, anyi dilekela dia mikenji¶

Kupeshibua mukanda wa dibikila ne dilomba dia tshilumbu kudi muena mudimu wa mudimu kumpala kua basumbishi, kunzulula amvelope wa mukanda udi ne Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title III wa tshibuelelu tshia tshisalu anyi mukanda wa dilomba dia kubuela mu site wa WCAG, anyi kupeta mukanda wa mbulamatadi wa Subpoena Duces Tecum anyi **Civil gagative (DCIV) udi ufumina kudi muena mudimu wa mbulamatadi tshinyangu tshia mikenji ne tshia mfranga. Nansha mukanda eu muikale tshilumbu tshia dibuela dia mashinyi tshidi tshitangila dibandila dia muaba wa mashinyi dipite pa 2 pa lukama anyi tshimfuanyi tshia site tshidi katshiyiku, dibikila dia dishipa dia tshipungidi tshia mudimu, anyi dîyi dia kuimanyika mudimu, tshilema tshinene tshidi muena mudimu mua kuenza ntshia kulengulula mukanda anyi kutuma diumvuija buludiludi kudi muena tshilumbu kudi muena tshilumbu.

Mu tubadi tua mbulamatadi ne tua ditunga, dîba dia diandamuna dia matuku 21 anyi 30 didi dituadija kuela dîba didibu bafila dibikila. Bualu bua société anyi Limited Liability Liability Company (LLC) kayena mua kudileja pro se ku kabadi kayi ne avocat udi ne mukanda wa dianyisha, kuindila too ne ku dituku dia 20 anyi kulekela tshikondo tshia ndekelu tshipita kudi kufikisha ku Dilumbuluisha dia tshianana, didi dianyishila muena tshilumbu bua kukanga konte yebe ya banke ya mudimu kayi muleje tshilumbu tshiende to. Pa kubala diakamue tshikondo tshia ndekelu tshia diandamuna diebe, kupatula mukanda mufunda wa Dimanyisha dia dilama dia bilumbu bua kuimanyika dijimija dia bintu, kufila dilomba kudi Dibanza dia malu a bungenda (CGL), Dibanza dia malu a mudimu (EPLI), Cyber, anyi **Balombodi ne balombodi (D&O) ne 48 mêba, ne tshia assurance ku diambuluisha dia mikenji ya bukokeshi bua kuondopa ne makuta a bitadi bua dilomba dia ADA, udi mua kukuba bintu bia kumpanyi webe.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Lama bukubi bua mubidi mu tshikondo tshia mudimu anyi dikonkonona dia mikenji didi kadiyi dimanyishibue. Kupangi nansha kakese, kuenzeja anyi kutshinyisha muena mudimu wa mudimu, mulombodi wa kabadi anyi mutangidi wa mbulamatadi mu nzubu muebe to; shi muenyi udi kayi mumanyishibua udi ubenga kuleja mikanda ya mbulamatadi, udi uteta bua kubuela mu biro bia pa nkaya bidi bikanga kayi ne mukanda wa tshilumbuluidi, anyi udi wenza tshimvundu, udi mua kuya ne bena mudimu muaba udibu mua kuikala ne bukubi ne kubikila nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni, anyi tangila bionso nomba ya tshimpitshimpi).
2. Funda dituku dijalame, dîba, mushindu, ne muntu udi upeta mudimu pa amvelope diakamue. Funda dituku, dîba (e.g., 14:15]. Mu kabadi kanene ka mu États-Unis (FRCP Mukenji 12(a)(1)(A)), udi ne matuku 21 a kalandriye kubangila ku dituku dia mudimu bua kufila dilomba dia diandamuna anyi dilomba dia Mukenji 12 kumpala kua muena tshilumbu kulomba dibuela dia tshilema.
3. Kubikila, kufundila avocat anyi mukebuludi wa mbulamatadi mukanda nansha kakese. Bualu buonso budi wewe anyi bena mudimu bebe nuamba ku telefone anyi nufunda mu mukanda wa "diumvuija" kudi avocat wa muena tshilumbu udi ditaba dia muena tshilumbu bilondeshile **Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)**udi ne bua kuikala mu tshikebelu tshia kumpanyi wenu kabadi. Diyukidilangana dionso didi ne tshia kupita kudi mufidi webe wa mibelu anyi kudi mufidi wa mibelu wa assurance.
4. Ufila mukanda wa dilomba anyi wa dilomba kudi muena assurance yonso udi mua kuikala ne mushinga mu meba 48. Kuedi meji ne: mukanda webe wa assurance kawena ne dilomba to. Tuma mukanda wa dibikila, wa dilomba, anyi wa dilomba ku diambuluisha dia mukanda wa dianyisha ne wa dilomba dia bintu ku Commercial General Liability (CGL), Directors & Officers (D&O), Employment Practices Liability (EPLI), Errors & Omissions (E&O), ne **Liber insurers lelu. Mu dilongesha dia mikenji dia se: "Mudimu wa kudikuba udi mutambe mudimu wa kufuta bitadi," bikala nansha bualu bumue budibu bafunda mu dilomba budi mua kufikisha ku dikuba, muena assurance udi mua kulomba bua kufuta 100 pa lukama ya bitadi biebe bia dikuba dia mikenji.
5. Ela mukanda wa dilama dia tshilumbu (dimanyisha dia dilama) kudi tshisumbu tshiebe tshia IT ne bena mudimu lelu. Dîba diudi upeta mukanda wa tshilumbu, dibikila anyi mukanda wa dilomba udi uleja ne: tshilumbu tshidi tshitekemena, udi ne mudimu wa mikenji wa kulama mikanda idi itangila bualu ebu, mikanda ya e-mail, biamu bia foto bia Slack/Team, mesaje a bukubi (adi misangu ya bungi mafunda pa mutu pa 7 too ne matuku 30), ne mikanda ya mudimu. Kulekela mikanda ya dijimija dia bintu bua kuenza mudimu kunyima kua dipeta dia mukanda wa dibikila anyi wa dilomba kudi kufikisha ku dinyoka dikole dia ku kabadi bua Dibutula dia bijadiki bilondeshile FRCP Rule 37(e).
6. Wewe mupete mukanda wa dilomba dia ku Enternete wa ADA anyi wa Physical Access, enza audit wa lukasa ne tangila mikenji ya ditunga idi itangila bukokeshi bua kuondopa. Kumpala kua kufuta dilomba dia dijikija dia tshilumbu, tangila ni ditunga diebe didi difila tshikondo tshia dimanyisha ne diondopangana anyi dipuekesha dia bitadi bia mikenji bua midimu mikese (bu mudi ** Californie Civil Section 55.56** bua bintu bidibu bakonkonone kudi CASp), ne diakamue kuenza mudimu ne mumanyi wa malu a dipeta dia bintu bua kulongolola bilumbu bia site wa WCAG 2.1 Level AA anyi bilumbu bia nzubu ya ku mubidi bua kulomba diambuluisha dia mikenji.

Dilumbuluisha dia malu a bungenda, dilomba dia ADA, ne mutshi wa mapangadika a dibikila dia bantu ku kabadi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Mudimu udi upeta mukanda wa mikenji: Dibikila, mukanda wa dilomba, dibikila, anyi dilekela ne dilekela"] --> DocType{"Ntshinyi tshidi mudimu weba mupete?"}

    DocType -->|"1. Dibikila dia ku kabadi ne dilomba (dilumbuluisha dia bena ditunga)"| ClockCheck["Dîba dia mushinga mukole: Matuku 21 (US Federal FRCP 12) anyi matuku 20 too ne ku 30 (State/Province/UK)<br/>1. Funda dituku, dîba, ne mushindu wa mudimu<br/>2. Ela tshilumbu tshia munda tshilama lelu (lekela dijimija dia bintu pa CCTV/email)<br/>3. Kufila kudi CGL, D&O, EPLI, E&O, ne Cyber ​​Insurers mu meba 48"]
    ClockCheck --> InsResponse{"Muena assurance udiku witaba mudimu wa kudikuba (nansha mu dilama dia makokeshi) anyi?"}
    InsResponse -->|"Eyowa"| PanelCounsel["Mufidi wa tshishimbi udi ufila mufidi wa mibelu wa tshisumbu (anyi ufutshila mufidi wa mibelu wa Cumis udi kayi ne bumfumu)<br/>Mulombodi udi ufila diandamuna, dilomba dia kuipata anyi dibandisha dia matuku kumpala kua dituku dia 21"]
    InsResponse -->|"Tòo / Kayi ne tshishimbi"| RetainCounsel["Lama muena tshilumbu diakamue bua kufila dimanyisha dia dilua + matuku 30 bua kuandamuna"]

    DocType -->|"2. ADA Title III Physical or Website (WCAG) Lawsuit / Demand Letter"| ADATriage["Enza 4-Step ADA Defense & Remediation Protocol:<br/>1. KUANDADI buludiludi kudi tshiapu tshia muena tshilumbu anyi kuitaba bilumbu<br/>2. Tangila EPLI Third-Party Endorsement & Cyber ​​Insurance bua kupeta bukubi<br/>3. Dikonkonona dia bilema bia mu mikenji ya ditunga (TransUnion / Tester standing) & Mootness<br/>4. Patch WCAG 2.1 AA / physical barriers + claim IRS Form 8826 Tax Credit ($5,000)"]

    DocType -->|"3. Subpoena Duces Tecum anyi Regulatory CID"| SubpoenaCheck{"I dibikila dia muntu muisatu anyi dikonkonona dia mikenji ya mbulamatadi (CID)?"}
    SubpoenaCheck -->|"Dibikila dia muntu muisatu (FRCP Rule 45)"| Rule45["Kufila bilumbu bifunda mu matuku 14 (FRCP 45(d)(2)(B))<br/>Udi ulama malu masokoka a muena mudimu/malu masokoka a bungenda ne ufila bitadi bia mushinga mukole bia dipatula dia malu kudi muntu udi ulomba"]
    SubpoenaCheck -->|"Regulatory CID / Agency Subpoena (FTC, SEC, AG, DOL, OSHA)"| CIDDefense["Enza mudimu ne mufidi wa mibelu diakamue<br/>1. Kuenza mudimu ne tshilumbu tshikole<br/>2. Kuyukila bua kukepesha tshitupa tshia CID ne ndongamu wa dienza dia bintu<br/>3. Kujadika diakalenga dia avocat-muena mudimu ne bukubi bua bintu bia mudimu"]

    DocType -->|"4. Mukanda wa dilomba dia kuimanyika ne kulekela tshilumbu"| DemandAudit["Tangila njiwu ya dilumbuluisha dia dimanyisha ne diondapangana:<br/>1. Difila kudi muena assurance bu 'Dimanyisha dia malu / Dilomba difunda'<br/>2. Dikonkonona dia malu ne mufidi wa mibelu kakuyi dijula lubilu lua muaba mubi"]

Tshitupa 1: Dishilangana pankatshi pa mishindu itanu ya malu a tshimpitshimpi ne mêba a mikenji¶

Kabiena bionso bia mikenji bidi ne buôwa bidi ne bukole bua mikenji anyi dîba dia ndekelu dia muomumue to. Mu meba 2 a kumpala a dipeta, tangila dibeji dia ku mutu dia mukanda bua kumanya ni mufundi wa kabadi anyi tshibambalu tshia mbulamatadi mmupatule dîyi dia kulumbuluisha didi mua kutumikila, anyi bikala avocat wa pa nkayende mutume mukanda wa dilomba dia kumpala kua tshilumbu.

Difuanyikija dia mikanda ya mikenji ya bungenda, matuku a ndekelu adi mikenji ilomba, ne bipeta¶

Tshitupa 2: Dikuba dia "Drive-By" ADA Physical Access ne WCAG Website Lawsuits¶

Midimu mikese ne ya munkatshi mu États-Unis (mu nzubu ya kudiila, nzubu ya dipanyishila bintu, nzubu ya tshilala benyi, nzubu ya luondapu, ne nzubu ya dipanyishila bintu ku Enternete) itu misangu ya bungi ipetangana ne Tshitupa III tshia mukenji wa bena Amerike badi ne bulema (42 U.S.C. Section 12181 et seq.) ne mikenji ya mu Californie bu mudi Unight Rights Act wa Californie (Cal. Civ. Code Section 51) ne New York State and City Human Rights Laws.

1. Mushindu kayi udi mikenji ya ADA Title III ya dishintulula dia bitadi ne ya ditunga idi itangila dinyanguka dia bintu yenza mudimu¶

• Federal ADA Title III Rule (Injunctive Relief + Attorney Fees Only): Muinshi mua mikenji ya federal (42 U.S.C. Section 12188), muena tshilumbu udi ufunda muinshi mua Title III wa ADA kena mua kupingaja makuta adiye munyange to; badi mua kukeba anu Injunctive Relief (mukenji udi ukulomba bua kulongolola tshilumbu tshia ku mubidi anyi site wa Enternete) ne makuta a avocat adi makane.
• State Law Statutory Multipliers (Californie and New York): Mu Californie, bafundi ba mikenji badi basangisha dishipa dia mikenji ya mbulamatadi ne Unruh Civil Rights Act, udi ufila tshibawu tshia $4,000 ku bualu buonso (tshikepeshibue ku $1,000 anyi $2000, mu malu makese a dilongolola) ku mutu kua bitadi bia avocat. Mu New York, bafundi badi basangisha bilumbu bia ADA ne bilumbu bia NYSHRL/NYCHRL bua kulomba difutu dia bintu bivuabu banyanga.

2. Bilumbu bia ADA bia "Drive-By" bia ku nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu (Muaba wa kutekela mashinyi, Rampe, Biamu bia ku biibi, Nzubu ya tshilala benyi)¶

Bantu badi balomba bua kubuela mu nzubu ya mashinyi idi mipite pa 2 pa lukama, idi kayiyi ne bimanyinu bidi mua kubuela mu mashinyi, bule bua tshiibi tshidi tshipite pa 1,27 centimètre (0,5 inches), bukole bua tshiibi budi bupite pa 2,27 kilogramme (5 pounds) bua biibi bia munda, anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mashinyi ne tshiamu tshia kuowa mâyi tshidi muinshi mua bule bua ADA 100** Mikenji ya dienza dia bintu bipepele**.

1. Kukonkonona bujitu bua muena nzubu ne muena nzubu diakamue:
2. Mu tshilumbu tshia dilomba (Botosan v. Paul McNally Realty), muena nzubu wa bungenda ne muena nzubu wa bungenda badi ne bua kuikala ne bujitu kudi bantu bonso muinshi mua ADA Title III, nansha mudi mukanda wa lupangu wa bungenda wamba tshinyi. Kuena mua kujikija tshilumbu etshi anu pa kuambila mulumbuluishi ne: "muena nzubu wanyi ke udi ne muaba wa kutekela mashinyi to."
3. Ino, angata mukanda webe wa difutshila lelu ne ubale meyi a Ditumikila dia mikenji, Dilongolola dia muaba wa bantu bonso (CAM), ne Difutu. Shi dishipa dia mikenji didi mu muaba wa mashinyi a bantu bonso anyi pambelu pa nzubu udibu bakokesha kudi muena nzubu, ufila diakamue Dimanyisha dia dilomba dia dikuba ne dia difutu kudi muena nzubu webe diakamue.
4. Longolola tshilumbu tshia ku mubidi diakamue bua kujula "Dilongesha dia Mootness":
5. Bualu bua mushindu umuapele wa ADA Title III udi Injunctive Relief, udi ulongolola bua kashidi tshipumbishi tshia mubidi (bu mudi: kulongolola kabidi muaba udi mashinyi a njila mua kubuela ne tshibuelelu tshia 2,44-metre / 8-foot, kuteka bimanyinu mutantshi wa 1,52 metre / 5 feet pa mutu pa buloba, ne kukuba tshilamba tshia kuowa mâyi bua kukuba nzubu webe bua kudikuba) kubenga dilomba dia ADA dia mbulamatadi bu Mukenji wa ditunga muinshi mua FRCP Rule 12(b)(1). Padibu babenga tshilumbu tshia mbulamatadi kumpala kua dîba, balumbuluishi ba mbulamatadi batu misangu ya bungi babenga bukokeshi bua pa mutu pa bilumbu bia mikenji ya ditunga.
6. Kubikila bukokeshi bua mudimu mukese wa ditunga bua kuondopa ne bukubi bua mikenji ya CASp:
7. California CASp Inspection Shield (Cal. Civ. Code Section 55.56): Mu Californie, pikala mudimu weba mulongolola kudi Certified Access Specialist (CASp) kumpala kua mudimu, anyi udi ukumbaja mikenji ya midimu mikese ne udi ulongolola malu onso adi atangila mudimu wa luibaku mu matuku 160 too ne ku 160** bitadi bidi bipueka ku \(4,000 too ne ku **\)1,000 anyi $2,000**, ne udi mukumbane bua kupeta diakamue Matuku 90 a ku kabadi ne tshisangilu tshia dikonkonona dia kumpala.

3. Bilumbu bia dibuela dia site ne dia appli ya ku bianza (WCAG 2.1 Level AA Demands)¶

Midimu binunu ne binunu idi ipeta mikanda ya dilomba anyi bilumbu bia mbulamatadi bidi bileja ne: site wabu wa e-commerce anyi tshibuelelu tshiabu tshia difunda dia miaba katshiena mua kufika kudi bantu badi bafuishe mêsu badi beyemena programe ya tshiamu tshia ordinatere (JAWS, NVDA, anyi VoiceOver), baleja Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 Level AA.

1. Kueyemeni anu pa bintu bia mudimu bidi bienza mudimu nkayabi to:
2. Mulongo umua wa JavaScript "accessibility overlay" toolbar kena ufila bukubi bua ADA to. Bibambalu bia mikenji bidi bitangila malu a ku Enternete bidi bienza mudimu ne bintu bidi bienza mudimu nkayabi, bamba ne: bintu bidi bipatuka bidi binyangakaja biamu bia kubala nabi mikanda ne kabiena mua kulongolola bimanyinu bia formilere ya HTML ne mateyi a ku tshiamu tshia kufunda natshi to.
3. Kuenza mudimu wa WCAG 2.1 AA Audit ne Remediation:
4. Lomba bafidi bebe anyi muena mudimu udi ufila bintu bua kujikija bilumbu bidi bipangisha tshiamu tshia kubala natshi bintu pa mabeji adi ne bantu ba bungi (Nzubu, Mabeji a bintu anyi a mudimu, Tshibuta, Difuta, ne Muntu udibu mua kuyukila nende):
   • Weja malu adi aleja alt="" ngikadilu ya binjinjimbi bidi ne diumvuija (ne bia patupu alt="" ku bintu bia kulengeja nabi);
   • Tangila 100 pa lukama ya menu, modal pop-ups, ne buttons ya difuta idi yenza mudimu ne anu Tab, Enter, Space, ne Escape tufungu ne tshiamu tshia kutangila natshi tshidi tshimueneka ne mateyi a tshiamu tshia nzembu;
   • Lamakaja formilere yonso <input> budimi budi ne programe <label> anyi aria-label;
   • Lama dishilangana dia mekala a mifundu ne a kunyima dia 4.5:1 (3:1 bua mifundu minene); ne
   • Weja meyi malelela mu mavideo adibu bafunde.
5. Patula meyi a mushindu wa kufika ku site ne dikokangana dia "Tester Standing":
6. Ela Accessibility Statement link mu footer webe lelu ne nimero ya telefone 24/7 ne e-mail bua diambuluisha dia bantu.
7. Muinshi mua TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez (2021) ne mapangadika a appel mu bitupa bia bungi, muena tshilumbu udi ubuela mu site anu bua kukeba bilema bia mu kode wa malu a tekiniki kayi ne lungenyi lua bushuwa lua kuenza mudimu ne mudimu webe utu misangu ya bungi kayi ne Kanungu ka III ka Dîyi dikulu ku kabadi ka mbulamatadi.

4. Lomba makuta a mbulamatadi wa IRS (Form 8826) ne tshitupa tshia 190 tshia dipuekesha dia makuta¶

• IRS Form 8826 (Disabled Access Credit, 26 U.S.C. Section 44): Bibambalu bikese bidi bikumbane ($1,000,000 anyi muinshi mua makuta adibu bapeta NANSHA 30 anyi bikese bia bena mudimu ba ku dîba ne ku dîba mu tshidimu tshishale) badi mua kulomba 50% wa bitadi bia mbulamatadi pa makuta adibu mua kufila pankatshi pa $2500 ne \(10,250, udi ufila too ne ku **\)5,000 wa bitadi bia buludiludi tshidimu tshionso bua kumbusha bimanu bia nzubu ne dilongolola dia site wa WCAG.
• IRS Section 190 Architectural Barrier Removal Deduction: Mudimu wonso udi mua kumbusha too ne ku $15,000 ku tshidimu bua makuta adibu bafute bua kumbusha bimanu bia nzubu.

Tshitupa 3: Kufila tshilumbu kudi ba assurance bebe (Kujula "Mudimu wa kudibingisha")¶

Kumpala kua kufuta makuta a mu tshibombi bua mufidi wa mibelu wa malu a tshilumbu tshia pa nkayebe, tangila tshibutshilu tshiebe tshia assurance ya bungenda.

Bua tshinyi udi ne tshia kutuma mukanda wa dilomba dia dikuba mu meba 48¶

1. Mukenji wa "Matumba anayi" ne mudimu wa kudikuba:
2. Mu mikenji ya assurance, muena assurance Mudimu wa kukuba (mudimu wende wa kuangata ne kufuta ba avocat ba dikuba) udi munene kupita mudimu wende wa kufuta (mudimu wende wa kufuta dilumbuluisha dia ndekelu).
3. Shi muena tshilumbu mufila tshilumbu tshia 10 mudi bilumbu 9 kabiyi bimanyike bua bilumbu bia tshipungidi, kadi anu tshilumbu tshimue tshidi tshileja tshilumbu tshidi mua kuikala tshibuikidibue (bu mudi: dimanyisha dia malu mu mushindu mubi, dinyanga dia lumu anyi dipepeja dia bintu bilondeshile CGL Coverage B, diumusha bantu mu nzubu mu mushindu mubi, anyi disunguluja dia bantu bakuabu muinshi mua EPLIF), udi ne bua kuikala mushindike ** tshilumbu tshijima**.
4. Ntshinyi tshia assurance tshidi tshikuba tshilumbu kayi tshia lukasa:
5. Commercial General Liability (CGL) Coverage A & Coverage B (Personal and Advertising Injury): Udi utangila disama dia mubidi, dinyanguka dia bintu, NE Coverage B bua malu adibu balomba bua dinyanga mutu, dipenda dia bintu, dinyanga dia bintu, dibuela mu malu a muntu nkayende, dishipa dia bukenji bua mufundi/tshilamba tshia mudimu mu dimanyisha dia bintu, ne dimanyisha dibi.
6. Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI) with "Third-Party Discrimination" Endorsement: Mikenji ya bungi ya lelu ya EPLI idi ne Third-Party Liability Endorsement idi itangila makuta a dikuba padi musumbishi anyi muntu wa mu tshisumbu ufunda bua kansungansunga, kusangisha ne dilomba dia ADA Title III ne dia mushindu wa kubuela mu site.
7. Balombodi ne bamfumu (D&O), bilema ne bilema (E&O), ne dibanza dia ku Enternete: D&O wa kumpanyi wa pa nkaya (Side C Entity Coverage) udi utangila malu a bungi a dilombola dia kumpanyi ne dilomba dia mikenji; E&O udi utangila bilumbu bia mudimu; Cyber ​​udi utangila makebulula a malu masokoka ne dibanza dia malu a ngumu.
8. Kuitabi nansha kakese "Tòo" kudi muena mudimu wa tshishimbi ne kunemeka matuku adibu balomba bua kuenza:
9. Lomba muena mudimu webe bua kufila mukanda wa dilomba anyi wa dilomba kudi Tshibambalu tshia malu a dilomba dia tshiapu tshionso mu mukanda diakamue. EPLI, D&O, E&O, ne Cyber ​​policies i "Claims-Made and Reported" policies idi itangila mukanda wa dilomba mufunda kumpala kua tshilumbu bu "Dilomba" dituku diudi uwupeta; kupanga kufila luapolo lua mukanda wa dilomba dia kumpala kua tshilumbu kumpala kua dipingaja dia mikenji kudi mua kujimija dikuba padibu bafunda tshilumbu pashishe.
10. Kulomba mufidi wa mibelu wa pa nkayende ("Cumis") padiku dikokangana dia malu:
11. Shi muena mudimu webe witaba bua kudibingisha muinshi mua mukanda wa "Dilama dia makokeshi" udi ufila dikokangana dilelela pa bidi bitangila bilumbu bidi bikuba ne bidi kabiyi bikuba, mikenji bu mudi California Civil Code Section 2860 (Cumis counsel) (ne malongesha makuabu a Goldfarb anyi Peppers mu ditunga dikuabu) idi ilomba bua ditunga dikale dia budikadidi mufidi wa mibelu wa dikuba udi musungula.

Tshitupa 4: Kuenza mudimu ne tshilumbu tshia lukasa (Kuepuka bilumbu bia dibutula dia bintu)¶

Dîba didi mudimu weba upeta tshilumbu, mukanda wa dibikila, CID, anyi mukanda wa dilomba dia kumpala kua tshilumbu udi utshinyisha bua kuya ku tshilumbu, Mudimu wa kulama malu adibu balame ku Enternete (ESI) ne bijadiki bia ku mubidi udi ulamakaja. Muinshi mua Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(e), kupanga kuenza malu adi makane bua kulama mikanda ya e-mail, miyuki, mikanda ya malu a makuta, anyi binjinjimbi bia CCTV panyima pa dilumbuluisha dimane kumueneka bidi mua kufikisha ku Dinyoka dia dibutula dia bintu, kusangisha ne Dilongesha dia malu mabi anyi Dilumbuluisha dia tshianana.

15-Minute IT ne Employee Litigation Hold Checklist¶

1. Imanyika mudimu wonso wa dijimija ne difunda diakamue:
2. Bimfuanyi bia tshiamu tshia foto tshia bukubi (CCTV / NVR): Biamu bia bungi bia DVR/NVR bidi bifunda filme kunyima kua matuku 7 to ne 30. Patula bintu bia binjinjimbi bia mu biamu bionso bia foto mu biamu bibidi bia pambelu bidi mua kubala anu ne mu tshilaminu tshia bintu tshia mu matutu lelu, ne funda SHA-256 hash bua kujadika dilama dia bintu.
3. Email & Chat Auto-Purge (Google Workspace / Microsoft 365 / Slack / Teams): Lomba IT bua kuenza mudimu ne Google Vault Hold anyi Microsoft Purview Litigation Hold pa konte ya bena mudimu bonso badi mu tshilumbu etshi ("Balami").
4. Laptops ne Telefone ya bena mudimu: Ku **kukupula, kupingaja, anyi kupingaja laptop anyi smartphone wa muena mudimu nansha umue udi mu bualu ebu to.
5. Tuma mukanda wa dimanyisha dia tshilumbu kudi bena mudimu badi ne bualu:
6. Lomba bena mudimu mu mukanda bua kubenga kujimija, kushintulula, anyi kushintulula mikanda ya e-mail, mesaje, mesaje a muyuki, anyi mikanda idi itangila bualu ebu, ne ubadimuije bua kubenga kuakula bua tshilumbu etshi mu Slack anyi mu e-mail (bu mudibu mua kupeta mikanda ya munda idi kayiyi ya avocat).

Tshitupa 5: Diandamuna ku dibikila dia Duces Tecum (Mukenji 45) anyi CID wa mikenji¶

Padi muena mudimu ukupesha mukanda wa Subpoena Duces Tecum udi ulomba bua kuenza mikanda ya bakiliya, mikanda ya difutu, anyi mikanda ya diumvuangana bua tshilumbu tshia muntu mukuabu:

1. Kutuma nansha kakese mikanda ya tshisokomenu ya muena mudimu anyi ya bena mudimu mu dituku dia 1:
2. Kufila mikanda ya malu a luondapu ya bena mudimu, malu a mfranga ya bakiliya, anyi mikanda ya NDA ya bantu bakuabu kakuyi dimanyisha dia mikenji anyi Mukenji wa bukubi wa ku kabadi kudi mua kufila mudimu webe ku tshilumbu tshia malu masokoka bilondeshile HIPAA, GLBA, CCPA, anyi GDPR.
3. Kufila ngenyi mifunda mu tshikondo tshia matuku 14 (mukenji wa FRCP 45(d)(2)(B)):
4. Muinshi mua FRCP Rule 45(d)(2)(B), kufila malu adibu bafunda mu tshikondo tshiakanyine kumpala kua dituku dia dikumbaja dia mikenji anyi matuku 14 panyima pa mudimu kudi kuimanyika dibanza diebe dia kufila mikanda.
5. Padibu bafila bilumbu mu tshikondo tshiakanyine, avocat udi ufila udi ne tshia kusambakena ne kufila lungenyi bua kujikija dilomba, kubueja Mukenji wa malu masokoka / wa bukubi, ne pamuapa kupingaja makuta ebe a dipatula dia malu adi kaayi a tshisumbu bilondeshile FRCP Rule 45(d)(1).

Tshitupa 6: Mifundu ya mikenji ne mamanyisha¶

Script 1: Dilomba dia tshimpitshimpi dia dikuba ne difutu kudi bena assurance¶

Tuma ku diambuluisha dia e-mail ne mukanda mujadika kudi tshibambalu tshia malu a dilomba dia makuta tshia muena assurance yonso udi mua kuikala ne mushinga mu meba 48:

Tshiena bualu: DILOMBA DIA LUPILU DIA DIBUIJA NE DIFUTU: [Dîna dia kumpanyi wenu] / Nomba ya mikenji. [Leja nomba yonso ya mikenji] / [Dîna dia tshilumbu anyi mukanda wa dilomba]
"Ku tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia [Dîna dia muena assurance]:

Bilondeshile dimanyisha ne mikenji ya dikuba dia nomba ya mikenji [nomba ya mikenji] (ne mikuabu yonso ya mikenji ya kumpala, ya tshitupa, anyi ya pa mutu idibu bafila kudi [Dîna dia kumpanyi wenu]), itaba mukanda eu bu mukanda wetu wa Dilomba dia dikuba ne dilomba dia difutu didi ditangila [Tenum ne Dilomba dia kumpala dia mikenji] Mukanda wa dilomba / Dibikila dia mikenji] mupeta mu [Dituku dia mudimu].

Dituku dia ndekelu dia kufila dilomba dia diandamuna didi [Dituku dilelela]. Tudi tulomba dianyisha difunda mu matuku atanu (5) a mudimu ne: [Dîna dia muena mudimu] neitabe mudimu wende wa kuakuila [Dîna dia kumpanyi webe] ne kufila mufidi wa mibelu (anyi kuanyishila mufidi wa mibelu udi kayi ne bumfumu) bua kupeta dilengeja dia dîba dia kuandamuna.

Tudi tukulomba bua kubikila muntu udi muele tshiala kuinshi eku diakamue ku [Nomba ya telefone] ne [Adrese wa e-mail] ne nomba wa dilomba udibu bakupeshe ne malu adi atangila muntu udi ulongolola malu."

Script 2: Mudimu wa munda ne IT Litigation Hold (Dimanyisha dia dilama)¶

Udi mua kuabanya diakamue kudi balombodi ba malu a IT ne kudi bena mudimu badibu benza nabu mudimu:

Tshiena bualu: BIA BUALU BUA KUENZA NE BUA KUDIMUENA: Dilama dia mikenji ne dimanyisha dia dilama dia mikanda
"Kudi: [Mulongo wa bena mudimu ne mulombodi wa IT] / Kudi: Balombodi ne bafidi ba mibelu ba mikenji

[Dîna dia kumpanyi wenu] mmupete dimanyisha dia mikenji didi ditangila [diumvuija dikese dia tshianana]. Bilondeshile mikenji ya mbulamatadi ne ya ditunga, kumpanyi wetu udi ne mudimu mukole wa kulama bintu bionso bidi mua kuikala ne mushinga bia ku mubidi ne bia ku Enternete.

Kubangila diakamue, KUFUDI, KUFUNDI, KUSHINTULULA, KUENJI, KUFUTU, KUENA, KUFUNDI, KUENZA, KUFUNDI, anyi kubutula mikanda yonso, mikanda ya e-mail, mesaje, mesaje a Slack/Teams, mesaje a dîyi, bipungidi, ma facture, anyi binjinjimbi bia kamera ya bukubi bienza pankatshi pa [Dituku dia ntuadijilu] ne tshikondo etshi tshidi tshitangila [Tshiena bualu].

IT Action Required Today: Mulombodi wetu wa IT udi mulomba bua kuimanyika diakamue dijimija dia bintu bionso, dilama dia e-mail, ne difunda dia video ya CCTV ya konte ne biamu bia bantu badi mu dimanyisha edi.

Mukenji wa dimanyishangana: Kuena ne bua kuakula bua bualu ebu ku diambuluisha dia e-mail wa munda, Slack, mesaje anyi pambelu pa kumpanyi to. Tuma nkonko yonso anu kudi [Mulombodi musungula] anyi kudi mufidi wa mibelu wa mikenji ku telefone. Diandamuna lelu bua kujadika dipeta ne dilonda dia mikenji."

Mukanda 3: Mukenji mufunda wa 45 Mukanda wa dibenga kubikila muntu muisatu udi ne bujitu¶

Bua kuikala mulongolola ne mufidibue kudi mufidi wa mibelu kumpala kua matuku 14 a FRCP Rule 45(d)(2)(B) wa ndekelu:

Tshiena bualu: Bilumbu bifunda bilondeshela Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(d)(2)(B) to Subpoena Directed to Non Party [Your Company Name]
"Munanga [Dîna dia muena tshilumbu]:

Bilondeshile mukenji wa mbulamatadi wa malu a tshididi 45(d)(2)(B), muntu udi kayi mu tshisumbu [Dîna dia kumpanyi wenu] udi ufila dibengangana edi difunda ku mukanda wa dibikila uvuabu bafile mu [Dituku dia mudimu]:
1. Bujitu ne difutu dia patupu kudi muntu udi kayi mu tshisumbu (FRCP 45(d)(1)): Dibikila didi dilomba mishindu ya bungi ya mikanda kayiyi ipetangana ne malu adibu bakokangana nawu, ne didi dilomba makuta a bungi a dikeba ne a dikonkonona dia diakalenga kudi muntu udi kayi muena tshisumbu.
2. Malu masokoka a bungenda ne malu masokoka a bantu bakuabu (FRCP 45(d)(3)(B)): Dibikila didi dilomba malu a muntu mukuabu ne malu masokoka a muntu mukuabu [musumbishi / muena mudimu] kakuyi mukenji wa bukubi anyi mikanda ya mikenji idi itangila malu masokoka.

Bilondeshile mukenji wa 45(d)(2)(B), kakuena tshintu nansha tshimue tshikala mua kuenzeka too ne padi tshisangilu tshia dipetangana ne diyukidilangana tshikepesha bunene, dibuela dia mukenji wa bukubi, ne tshipungidi tshifunda tshidi tshitangila dishintulula dia mushinga wa makuta a dipatula dia bintu adi kaayi a tshisumbu."

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Mpangiko ya kutungunuka ne mudimu ne dilongolola dia malu kunyima kua bipupu
• Dikonkonona dia malu a bukubi a mudimu ne dikonkonona dia OSHA
• Disama dia muena mudimu ku mudimu ne dibanza dia nzubu
• Tshilumbu tshia PR tshidi tshitangalake, dipenda dia dishima, dibunda dia bombe, ne diandamuna dia dilomba dia makuta
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ne dituma dia matunga makuabu

Miaba mifumina¶

• Mikenji ya mbulamatadi ya malu a tshididi (Tubadi tua mu États-Unis): Mukenji 4 (Dibikila ne mudimu wa kumpanyi, wa buobumue, anyi wa tshisumbu), Mikenji 12(a)(1)(A) (Matuku 21 a kufila dilomba dia diandamuna), Mikenji 37(e) (Dipanga dia kulama malu adibu balame mu mushindu mulelela), Mikenji ya mikenji 45(d)(2)(B) (14-Day Written Objections to Third Party Subpoenas and Protection from Undue Expense), Rule 55 (Default and Default Judgment), and Rule 65 (Injunctions and Temporary Restraining Orders).
• Kabadi kanene ka mu États-Unis: Rowland v. California Men's Colony, 506 U.S. 194 (1993) (Dikandika dia Pro Se Representation of Corporations and Artificial Entities in Federal Court) ne TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, 594 U.S. 413 (2021) (Arle III Concrete Concrete Standing Malu adibu balomba).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mikenji Tshibambalu tshia makokeshi a bantu (États-Unis): Mukenji wa bena Amerike badi ne bulema (ADA) Mikenji ya tshitupa tshia III (28 CFR Tshitupa tshia 36), Mikenji ya ADA ya 2010 bua dienza dia bintu bidi mua kufika kudi bantu, ne buludiki bua DOJ pa bidi bitangila mushindu wa kufika ku Enternete ne ADA (WCAG 2.1 Level AA) Mikenji ya tshilejilu.
• Tshibambalu tshia bitadi tshia munda mua ditunga (IRS) (États-Unis): Formulaire 8826 (Disabled Access Credit muinshi mua Internal Revenue Code Section 44: 50% Credit too ne ku $5,000 bua Eligible Small Businesses) ne IRC Section 190 (Dikosa dia makuta bua kumbusha bilumbu bia nzubu ne bia diendesha too ne $15,000/tshidimu).
• Mukenji wa ditunga dia Californie: Tshitupa tshia 55.56 (Dikepesha dia bitadi bia dinyanguka dia mikenji ne disomba dia matuku 90 / Tshisangilu tshia dikonkonona dia kumpala dia midimu mikese idibu bakonkonone kudi CASp) ne Tshitupa tshia 2860 (Budikadidi bua kuikala ne mufidi wa mibelu wa Cumis udi udisunguila nkayende muinshi mua dikuba dia makokeshi a muena assurance).
• Mikenji ya malu a tshididi (Royaume-Uni): CPR Tshitupa tshia 10 (Dianyisha dia mudimu mu matuku 14) ne Bulombodi bua mudimu 6A (Bienzedi ne Mikenji ya Kumpala kua Tshienzedi).