Tshina tshia mayi tshidi katshiyi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshikanga ne luya, ne disungila dia tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshikuluke¶

Bua nzubu ya kule, nzubu ya pa mikuna, nzubu mikese, ne nzubu idi kayiyi ne nzembu, dipanga dia mayi mu muvu wa mashika didi lutatu lua lukasa ludi lupangisha kunua, disukula, dinua dia bimuna ne dienza dia kapia. Bishilangane na mayi a mu tshimenga adi ne bukole bua 400 kilopascals (60 pounds ku inch kare), mishindu ya mayi idi kayiyi ne njila idi mimanyine pa bukole bua bukole budi bufumina ku mishimi ya ku mikuna, pompe ya diaphragme ya 12-volt anyi 24-volt idi yenza mudimu ne dîba, ne tshibombi tshia polyéthylene tshidi katshiyi ne bukole, anyi 1000 litre (275-gallon) Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) totes. Padi luya lua muinshi mua zero lufika, malu asatu mashilangane adi anyanguka musangu umue: mashika adi akanga tshiibi tshia kuulu tshia tshina tshia kulamina bintu nunku pompe udi ukoka bimanu bia tshina tshia mâyi munda mu tshibungubungu tshidi tshinyanguka, bipese bia kapepe bidi bibuelakana mu miaba mitumbuke mu njila wa 500-metre (1640-foot) udi ukanga mâyi a bungi nansha mudi mâyi apueka bikole kakuena neje mu mulongo, anyi mashika adi abuela mu tshitanda tshia mabue tshidi tshinyunguluke tshibandilu tshia hydrant wa mu lupangu.

Kuteta bua kumbusha tshina tshia mayi a mashika anyi tshiamu tshia polyéthylene tshidi tshijika ne muendu wa propane udi ujika lupela kudi kunyangakaja tshimanu tshia plastique, kunyangakaja mâyi a kunua ne hydrocarbures ya petrole, anyi kujula kapia munda mua nzubu wa pompe udi ne tshiamu tshia mashika. Shi muntu ukenga na hypothermie mikole, mputa mu mayi mashika, nansha poison wa monoxide de carbone bua dienza mudimu ne pompe wa mayi a esanse anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu munda mua tshina tshia mâyi tshikanga anyi mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba, ubikile ku nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu matunga masanga a ku Mputu, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu. Bua malu a tshimpitshimpi a mu muvu wa mashika, bala dipanga dia nzembu, mayi, ne bintu bia bukoya, dinyanguka dia nzubu wa tshilala benyi, dinyanguka dia tshina tshia mayi a mvula, ne dikola dia mayi, ne milonda mikole.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kima pompe weba wa 12V/24V/120V diakamue wewa mumvue pompe wenda ukola, pikala bukole bua mayi bupueka, anyi wewa mumvue mutoyi mukole ufumina mu tshina tshieba anyi mu tshibombi tshia IBC. Mutoyi udi ufuma mu tshina tshia polyethylene anyi mu tshibombi tshia IBC udi umvuija ne: pompe wa kuulu udi ne mashika ne pompe udi ne mashika kukoka tshiamu tshia luya munda mua tshina tshikanga, kukoka bimanu bia plastique munda bua kukuluka.
2. Umbusha tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu tshia 15-centimetre (6-inch) pa tshibombi tshieba tshia IBC anyi tshia poly cistern misangu ibidi bua kutshibula tshina tshia mâyi diakamue. Kumpala kua kuela mâyi anyi kupatula mâyi mu tshina, upuekesha luya ku mutu kua tshina too ne ku bukole bua luya ne upuekeshe tshintu tshionso tshidi tshibuikila neje tshidi mu tshilamba tshimpe tshidi munda mua tshina tshia mâyi.
3. Kubandi nansha kakese mu tshina tshia mâyi, mu tshina tshia mâyi, anyi mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba bua kukosa neje anyi kuenza mudimu ne pompe wa esanse. Bina bia mâyi bia muinshi mua buloba ne bina bia mâyi bidi kabiyi ne tshintu bidi bienza mudimu bu biamu bia oxygène bia muaba muipi, ne kuenza mudimu ne motere mukese wa esanse anyi tshiamu tshia propane munda mua tshina tshia mâyi kudi kuwuja muaba au ne 90 sekonde mikese ya carbone monoxide.
4. Bikala mulongo wa tshina tshia mâyi tshia ku mukuna udi ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi tshipueka anyi tshilekela kuenda panyima pa tshibombi tshia mâyi tshimane kujika, nansha mudi tshibombi katshiyi tshikole, tangila High-Point Airlock. Tshipepele tshimue tshidi tshikuate kuulu anyi ku tshibandilu tshia mu tshibombi tshia polyéthylene tshidi ne bukole bukese tshidi tshienza mudimu bu mudi mutu wa valve wa bukole budi bukokela bintu kawena mua kukoka kale.
5. Bikala mayi alekela kupatuka mu tshina tshiebe tshia mâyi, tangila ni udi ne "Top Ice Cap" anyi "Frozen Bottom Bulkhead Valve" kumpala kua kuela meji ne: tshina tshijima tshia 1000-litre ntshikole. Mashi adi afuma ku bimanu bia kuulu ne bia pambelu too ne munda; Misangu 90 pa lukama mu tshibombi tshia IBC, litre 800 ya mayi a mu mayi adi muinshi mua 10-centimetre (4-inch) pa mutu pa mabue a mashika eku anu 50-millimetre (2-inch) wa tshiamu tshia plastike tshidi kuinshi tshidi tshikole.
6. Kuena mua kukuma tshiamu tshia PVC anyi tshia polyethylene (PE/PEX) tshidi tshikole ne marto anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi to. Muinshi mua -10 degrés Celsius (14 degrés Fahrenheit), Schedule 40 PVC ne standard polypropylene IBC valves bidi binyanguka bu dikala. Kuenzeja tshiamu tshia plastique tshidi tshikole kudi kutshibula tshimuma ne kupatula litre 1000 yonso ya mayi paditshi tshinyanguka.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Kukonkonona dijimina dia mayi mu muvu wa mashika¶

flowchart TD
    A["Kakuena mayi adi apita mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi mu nzubu mu muvu wa mashika to"] --> B{"Udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu kayi tshia kufila mâyi?"}
    B -->|"IBC Tote anyi Poly Cistern + Demand Pump"| C{"Pompe udi wenza mudimu anyi, anyi Cisterne udi wenza mutoyi mukole?"}
    C -->|"Eyowa: Bimanu bia tshina tshia mâyi bidi bibuela munda anyi bipatuka"| D["IMANYISHA POMPE DIAMUE: Dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mashika"]
    D --> E["Kangula tshibuikidiji tshia pa mutu tshia 15 cm (6 in) bitekete bitekete bua kuenza bua kapepe kakole kafuanangane; umbusha tshibuelelu tshia bipupu; ela bimanu ne mayi a luya"]
    C -->|"Pompe udi wenda umua / Kakuena mayi adi afuma kuinshi kua tshina"| F["Valve wa kuinshi udi mupatuke anyi mulongo wa dikoka udi mu mashika"]
    F --> G["Buikila tshiamu tshia kuinshi mu bilamba bia mayi a kapia (KAKUENA muendu mubulula to) NANSHA ela pompe wa 12V panshi ku tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu kuinshi kua mabue a mashika"]
    B -->|"Gravity-Fed Hillside Spring Line"| H{"Mâyi adi avula pa tshibidilu ku Spring Box udi muulu anyi?"}
    H -->|"Eyowa: Tshibombi tshia mupuya tshidi tshiuwule tente, 0 udi upita mu kazubu"| I{"Kazubu ka Spring Box kavuaku kakuluke matuku mashale aa muinshi mua tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi anyi, anyi muonji uvua mujimije mâyi?"}
    I -->|"Eyowa: Kapepe kakabuela mu tshibombi"| J["High-Point Airlock in Gravity Pipe: Purge air by reverse back-pump, uphill walk-burp, anyi high-point bleed tee"]
    I -->|"Tòo: Mashika a muinshi mua zero ku tshina tshia mâyi tshidi katshiyi tshikole anyi ku tshina tshia mâyi"| K["Tshiamu tshia mabue a mashika mu tshiamu tshia polyethylene: Ela tshiamu tshia 6 mm (1/4 in) tshia hydro-jetter tube ne mayi a mukele a kapia adi afumina ku ndekelu kua mukuna"]
    B -->|"Buried Frost-Free Yard Hydrant"| L["Riser Pipe Frozen Above Weep Hole: Thaw upper head + bronze rod with hot-water rags; Kulekedi tshintu tshia kuela natshi mâyi tshilamakaja nansha kakese"]

Tshilejilu 1: Kusungila tshibombi tshia IBC anyi tshina tshia polyéthylène tshidi tshikole anyi tshinyanguke¶

Nansha wewe mulame mayi mu tshibombi tshitoke tshia 1,000-litre (275-gallon) tshibuikila IBC tote, tshibombi tshia vert 1,500- too ne ku 10,000-litre high-density polyethylene (HDPE) cistern, anyi mu tshina tshisokoka, mashika a mu muvu wa mashika adi alonda mikenji ya mu tshikondo tshia mashika.

1. Kumanya muaba udi tshibombi tshia IBC anyi tshina tshia poly tshikola kumpala¶

Bu mudi mayi a mu mayi afika ku bunene buawu bua bungi ku +4.0 degre Celsius (+39.2 degre Fahrenheit), mayi mashika a 0°C (32°F) adi apita pa mutu ne akola mu tshitupa tshia pa mutu tshia neje eku mayi a mayi a +4°C ashala kuinshi. Ino, miaba inayi idi kayiyi mua kunyanguka idi ikola kumpala kua mâyi manene:

2. Mushindu kayi wa kupatula mayi padi tshiamu tshia IBC tshia kuinshi tshikole (The "Top-Entry Submersible Bypass")¶

Shi -20 degrés Celsius (-4 degrés Fahrenheit) pambelu ne tshiamu tshia kuinshi tshia 50-millimetre (2-inch) tshia tshibombi tshieba tshia IBC anyi tshia tshina tshia mâyi tshikale tshikole, kupitshishi mêba a bungi wela mayi a kapia pa tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja tshidi mua kupingana kabidi kunyima kua minite 15 to. Tapa mayi a +4°C adi muinshi mua tshibumba tshia mabue a mashika kupitshila ku tshibuikidiji tshia 15-centimetre (6-inch):

1. Umbusha tshibuikidiji tshia munkatshi tshia 15-centimetre (6-inch) pa mutu pa tshibombi tshia IBC anyi tshina tshia mâyi.
2. Sunguluja anyi enza tshina tshia 5-centimetre (2-inch) mu tshitupa tshia pa mutu tshia neje: Kutshinyi tshitupa tshia pa mutu tshia neje ne tshiamu tshikole tshia kumbula natshi anyi tshingoma to, bualu tshiamu tshidi tshisesuka tshidi mua kupitshila mu tshitupa tshia panshi tshia polyéthylene tshia muinshi mua zero tshia tshina tshia mâyi. Pamutu pa nanku, teka tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia supu anyi tshilongo tshikese tshia mukuba tshiuwule tente ne mâyi a mukele pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia mabue a mashika (anyi wenze mudimu ne tshiamu tshia ku bianza tshidi ne tshiamu tshia auger) bua kuenza tshina tshikezuke tshidi tshiimana mu mâyi adi muinshi.
3. Ela 12V Submersible "Whale" Pump anyi Siphon Hose mu tshina tshia kuulu: Ela $20 12-volt submersible inline camper/bilge pump (anyi weighted suction foot-valve of your cabin demand pump) attached to 13-millimeter (½-inch) flexible down in the hole udi mutantshi wa santimetre 10 (4 inches) pa mutu pa tshina tshia tshina. Ela 20 to ne 40 litre ya mayi mu bibombi bia munda mua nzubu musangu umua, ne patuisha diakamue tshibombi tshia mayi mu tshina ne utshipatule munda mutupu kunyima kua tshisangilu tshionso.

3. Mushindu kayi wa kupatula tshina tshia polyéthylene anyi tshibombi tshia IBC mu bukubi¶

Shi tshiibi tshieba tshia kupuyakana tshikanga ne pompe webe wa dilomba mupuya bimanu anyi tshibumba tshia tshina tshieba tshia HDPE anyi tshibombi tshia IBC munda mu tshina tshikole:

• KUTETHI bua kupatula bimanu bia tshina tshia mâyi padi plastique muikale ne mashika: Polyéthylene wa bujitu bua bungi udi mukole ne utu mua kutshibuka padiye umueneka ku -15°C (5°F).
• Equalize vacuum ne inspection si ares: Fungula tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu tshijima ne tangila bipese bia munda pabuipi ne makaya a kuulu ne tshibuikidiji tshia kuinshi ne toshete.
• Kaja plastique munyanguke ne wenze mudimu ne bujitu bua mayi a hydrostatic (KI MU luya lukole to): Kuena ne bua kuela tshiamu tshia luya ku tshina tshia mayi tshia plastique tshikanga anyi ku tshibombi tshia IBC bua kupuekesha bimanu bidi binyanguke to; bibombi bia polyéthylene mbilongolola bua 0 PSI wa lupepele, ne kuela nansha 35 too ne ku 70 kilopascals (5 too ne ku 10 PSI) ya luya lukole kudi mua kubutula tshibumba tshia kuulu bikole. Bindile munya mu mapingaja (nansha wela mayi a kapia pa bipese bia pambelu) too ne padi polyéthylene ufika ku +10°C (50°F), ne pashishe uwuje tshina too ne ku 100 pa lukama ne mayi padi tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu tshiunzulula. Bujitu bua hydrostatique bua pambelu nebupingaje bipese bia munda bia vacuum mu tshimuenekelu.

Tshilejilu 2: Kumbusha tshiibi tshia kapepe tshia muulu tshia 500-metre tshidi tshienza mudimu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi¶

Mishimi ya ku mikuna idi ne bukole budi bukokela bintu idi isangisha mayi mu kazubu ka mishimi ya ku mutu kua mikuna ne iyapueka mu tshina tshia **20-millimeter to 32-millimeter (¾-inch to 1.25-inch) tshia polyethylene (HDPE) tshifiike tshia bule bua 100 too ne ku 100 too ne ku 1000 metre (33030) ku kazubu. Mu tshimpitshimpi, kunyima kua disukula dia tshibombi tshia mayi, kunyima kua tshipiminu tshia mayi tshimane kupueka muinshi mua tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi mâyi, anyi kunyima kua dilongolola dia tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mâyi, mayi adi alekela kuenda mu kazubu, nansha mudi kazubu ka mayi ka muulu kawule tente ne mayi a mâyi ne pipe ki mmukole to. Udi na Gravity Line High-Point Airlock.

1. Fizike wa bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia 500-metre tshia bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi tshidi tshikanga¶

flowchart TD
    A["Kazubu ka tshina tshia ku mutu kua mikuna kadi kavula, kakuyi dipueka mu kazubu ka mupuya"] --> B["Bua tshinyi bidi bienzeka: Mulonda udi ulonda buloba budi ne mavuala ne miaba mitumbuke (Humps)"]
    B --> C["Mabue a kapepe adi abanda ne adisangisha ku mutu kua tshitupa tshionso tshia mu tshina"]
    C --> D["Tshibombi tshionso tshia kapepe tshidi tshienzeja mayi bua kupueka mu dikasa didi dibanda bua kuikala ne bulongame ne mayi mu dikasa didi dipueka"]
    D --> E["Mifuku ya bungi ya kapepe idi milondangana idi isangisha pamue: Tshipepele tshijima tshia panyima >= Dipueka dia mutu wa bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi"]
    E --> F{"Sungula mushindu wa kusukula kapepe ka mu budimi (Kakuena dijinga dia nzembu to)"}
    F -->|"Mushindu 1: Muaba udi witaba bua kubandisha pipe"| G["Enda kumbukila ku Spring Box too ne ku Cabin ubandisha pipe ku tshianza bua kuipata kapepe"]
    F -->|"Mushindu 2: Mulondo udi mujika anyi kayi mua kunyunguluka"| H["Back-Pressure ku ndekelu kua nzubu wa tshibandabanda ku diambuluisha dia 12V Pump anyi Hand Bilge Pump bua kupatula kapepe mu Spring Box"]
    F -->|"Mushindu 3: Dilongolola dia kashidi dia malu a enzenji"| I["Kosa tshiamu tshia nzembu ku mutu kua mukuna wa pankatshi ne uteka tshiamu tshia Tee + tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mashi tshidi tshiimana"]

• Fuanyikijabi ne: kazubu kebe ka tshiamu tshia mitaku kadi 12 metres (40 feet) mu bule kupita kazubu kebe, kadi kafila bukole bua 118 kilopascals (17 PSI)**, anyi anu 3 metres (10 feet) ya mutu (4.3 PSI) mu mpata idi kayiyi mipuekele.
• Bualu bua tshiamu tshia polyethylene tshifiike tshidi tshienda tshibuela pa mutu pa mitshi, pa mabue manene, pa muelelu wa musulu, ne pa mikuna mikese, tshidi ne makumi a miaba mitumbuke ya muaba au (miaba ya kuulu) idi ilonda kudi dipueka dia panshi.
• Padi kapepe kabuela mu tshiibi tshia tshina tshia mâyi, buoyancy budi buenzeja kapepe bua kubanda muulu ku mayi adi apuekela panshi, udi umukuata ku mutu kua tshibandabanda ne ushintulula mayi mu dikasa didi dipueka panshi. Shi udi na bipese binayi bishilangane bia 1-metre (3.3-foot) bimana ku muelelu wa 500-metre pipe, ne tshipese tshionso tshidi tshikuata tshitupa tshia 1-metre tshia kapepe mu dikasa diatshi didi dipueka, bipese binayi abi bidi bimbusha metre inayi mijima (13.1 feet) ya mutu wa bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi. Dîba dionso didi bule bua bipese bia kapepe bidi bikuata bupetangana anyi bupita dipueka dia bule dia ku tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku too ne ku tshibandilu tshia kumpala, luya ludi lupueka too ne ku 0.0 litre ku minite.

2. Mishindu inayi ya kuenza mudimu ne tshitupa ku tshitupa bua kujikija tshiibi tshia luya lua mu njila wa gravité¶

• Mushindu 1: "Kuenda mu tshibombi" kumbukila ku kazubu ka mupuya (bua tshibombi tshia poly tshiteka pa mutu):
• Enda kumpala ku Spring Box ne ujingulule ne: tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi tshidi muinshi mua mâyi **15 centimètres (6 inches) bua se: tshipepele tshidi tshienda tshibuela mu mâyi katshiena mua kukoka bipese bia kapepe mu tshibombi to.
• Kangula tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi mâyi tshidi kuinshi kua mukuna 100 pa lukama tshiunzulula.
• Kutuadijila ku kazubu ka tshiamu tshia nzembu, wangate tshiamu tshia polyethylene ne utshibandishe too ne ku bule bua dikaya, wenda upueka bitekete bitekete mutangile ku nzubu wa tshilala benyi tshianza pa tshianza. Kubandisha dikasa dionso kudi kuenzeja mifuku ya kapepe mikanga kupita pa mitu too ne padi kapepe kakole kapatuka ku ndekelu kua nzubu.
• Mushindu 2: Kupueka mu tshibandabanda tshia panyima ("Kupuekesha tshipepele kuulu"):
• Bualu bukole bua pa buloba budi buenda bupueka mu lupepele muulu, mbipepele bua kuela tshiibi tshia luya kunyima ku mutu kua mukuna mu kazubu ka spring pamutu pa kutshienzeja bua kupueka.
• Ku ndekelu kua nzubu, ela 12-volt diaphragm pump (udi wenza mudimu ne batterie wa tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi katshiyi ne nshinga anyi batterie wa mashinyi) anyi pompe wa bilge wa levier manuel udi ukoka mu tshibombi tshia 20-litre (5-gallon) tshia mâyi malenga ku ndekelu kua nzubu wa pipe wa tshina tshia mâyi. Pompa mayi kupingana kunyima mu minite 10 to ne 15 too ne padi mifuba yonso ya kapepe mikanga ipatuka mu tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi munda mua kazubu ka mayi, pashishe umbusha pompe ne ukangula tshiibi tshia mu nzubu.
• Mushindu 3: "Dikoka dia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia kupueka" (Kuenza mudimu ne dipueka dia muulu ku ndekelu kua nzubu):
• Shi muonji weba wa tshina udi wenda pabuipi ne tshibandabanda mu bule bua metre 300 (muaba udi tshiibi tshia luya) ne pashishe upueka bikole pa mukuna bua metre 100 a ndekelu too ne ku kazubu kebe, kanga tshiibi tshia kuinshi kua kazubu, umbusha tshiamu tshia ku mutu kua tshibandabanda tshidi dipueka dikole dituadija, uwuje dikasa dia mukuna 100 pa lukama ne mâyi onso, umanye kulamakaja bikole, ne kubulula tshiamu tshia kuinshi tshia nzubu tshiunzulula. Tshilongo tshia mayi tshidi tshipueka mu dikasa dia kuinshi tshidi tshikoka -70 kilopascals (-10 PSI) ya dikoka panyima patshi, tshikoka tshibombi tshia kapepe anu pa mutu pa mikuna ya tshibandabanda.
• Mushindu 4: Kukosa tshitupa tshia tshikokedi (Tshiamu tshia kashidi tshia "High-Point Bleed Tee"):
• Shi muonji weba mujike ne usabuka tshibandabanda tshia pankatshi mudi tshiibi tshia kapepe tshienza mu muvu wa mashika wonso, enda too ne ku muaba mule menemene wa tshibumba atshi, ukose muonji wa polyéthylene, wela tshiamu tshia plastique tshidi ne mionji ne bipese bibidi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku, ne ela tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku munda mua tshiamu tshia valve tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka. Kukangula tshiibi tshia ku mutu kua mukuna kudi kulekela kapepe kadibu bakuate kapatuka mu masekonde 30 too ne padi mayi makole apatuka.

Tshilejilu 3: Kulengeja tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshijika anyi tshiamu tshia mu lupangu tshidi katshiyi ne mashika kakuyi nzembu¶

Shi tshibuikidiji tshia mashika tshienza munda mua tshina tshia mâyi tshia polyethylene tshijika (pa tshibidilu muaba udi tshina tshipita mu tshina tshia mabue tshidi katshiyi tshikole anyi tshipita mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshimueneka patoke) anyi munda mua tshiamu tshia hydrant tshia mu lupangu tshidi katshiyi ne mashika:

1. Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia Frost-Free Yard Hydrant tshidi tshikola (ne mushindu kayi wa kutshilengeja mu minite 10)¶

Tshiamu tshia mu lupangu tshidi katshiyi ne mashika (bu mudi Simmons, Merrill, anyi Woodford standpipe) tshidi ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshiteka 1 too ne ku 1,8 metre (3 too ne ku 6 feet) muinshi mua buloba kuinshi kua mulongo wa mashika. Paudi utua tshintu tshia kuulu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku panshi too ne ku OFF, tshiamu tshia kuinshi tshidi tshikanga tshina tshia mayi ne tshiunzulula tshina tshia mâyi tshia muinshi mua buloba, tshilekela mâyi onso adi munda mua tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi mâyi apita mu tshina tshia mabue tshidi muinshi mua buloba bua tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi tshiimane munda mutupu.

Shi tshiamu tshiebe tshia mayi tshidi katshiyi ne mashika tshikole mu dinda, tshimue tshia ku bilema bibidi ntshienzeke:

1. Tshilema A: Muntu mukuabu wakashiya tshiamu tshia mu budimi (anyi tshiamu tshia Y-splitter / nozzle) tshilamakaja ku tshina tshia mâyi butuku bujima.
2. Bua tshinyi bidi bikola: Padi tshiamu tshia mashika tshikanga anyi tshiamu tshia mashika tshilamakaja ku tshina tshia mâyi, luya kaluena mua kubuela ku mutu kua tshiamu tshia mâyi paudi ukanga tshianza to. Anu bu muudi mukuate munu webe pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kunua, tshiamu tshia luya tshidi tshilama tshilongo tshia mayi tshidi tshilengeja ku mutu kua tshiamu tshia riser, muaba uditshi tshikola butuku bujima.

3. Tshilema B: Tshina tshia mabue tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi tshibuikila anyi tshiuwule tente ne mayi a bungi a muinshi mua buloba.

4. Mushindu wa kulengeja tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi katshiyi ne mashika bimpe:

5. Umbusha tshiamu tshionso tshidi tshilamakaja diakamue.
6. Bandisha tshianza mulu ne 1 centimètre: bikala tshianza tshienda kakese ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia munda tshienda, tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi muinshi mua buloba tshidi kuinshi katshiena tshikole to - anu 30 centimètres (12 inches) ya kuulu ya tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi tshidi pa mutu pa buloba ke tshidi ne tshiamu tshia ice.
7. Tshilamba tshia mayi a kapia: Lamba mutu wa tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshitupa tshia 45 centimètres (18 inches) tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi mu tshilamba tshia kuowa natshi mâyi, ela bitekete bitekete bibombi bibidi bia mayi a kapia a litre 2 pa tshilamba atshi, ne funda tshibombi tshia plastique tshifiike tshikole pa tshilamba tshia bukoya bua kulama 5 bua kuowa mâyi. Mu minite 8, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshifila kapia mu tshibuelelu tshia mabue a mashika, ne bukole bua mayi budi bufumina kuinshi budi bupatula tshiamu tshia mabue a mashika anu mu tshina tshia mashika.
8. Didimuija dia muendu wa propane: Nansha mudi bena madimi ba bungi babandisha muendu wa propane wa ku bianza pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia galvanisé tshia hydrant riser pipe (katshiena ne plastique nansha kakese), kuenza bua mutu wa tshiamu tshia mitaku ikale ne kapia ka bungi (udi ulengeja O-rings ya munda mua tshiamu tshia caoutchouc) ne **kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne muendu pabuipi ne bisonsa biume, **mupuya wa plastique anyi pipe to.

2. Mushindu wa "¼-Inch Hydro-Jetter Tube + Hot Salted Water" bua milonda mile ya poly¶

Netuambe tshinyi pikala tshiamu tshia 25-millimetre (1-inch) tshifiike tshia polyéthylene tshikole tshia metre 6 (20 feet) munda mua tshina tshia mâyi tshidi katshiyi mua kufika anyi muinshi mua buloba? Kuteka kapia pambelu pa buloba kakuena mua kuenzeka to, ne kuela mâyi a kapia ku ndekelu kua tshina tshia mâyi kudi kupangila bualu mâyi a kapia adi anu asomba pa mutu pa mâyi mashika adi kale makuate kumpala kua tshibuikidiji tshia mabue a mashika.

Udi ne tshia kufila mayi a mukele buludime ku mpala kua tshiamu tshia mashika ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia munda tshitekete:

1. Sumba anyi usungile tshiamu tshia 15-metre (50-foot) tshia 6-millimetre (¼-inch) wa diamètre wa pambelu wa polyethylene icemaker tubing (anyi 8-millimeter / 5/16-inch clear vinyl siphon tubing).
2. Umbusha tshiamu tshia mayi tshia 25-millimetre (1-inch) tshidi ne mashika ku tshibandilu tshia pabuipi anyi tshia nzubu wa tshilala benyi, ne ela tshiamu tshitekete tshia 6-millimetre munda mua tshiamu tshinene too ne paditshi tshituta ku mpala mukole wa tshiamu tshia ice plug.
3. Ela 250 grame (1 nkopo) ya mukele wa ku mesa (chloride de sodium) mu tshilongo tshia 4-litre (1-gallon) tshia mayi a kapia (mayi a kapia adi alengeja mashika misangu ibidi kupita mayi a kapia ne adi apuekesha tshitupa tshia mashika too ne ku -15°C).
4. Wenza mudimu ne pompe wa ku bianza wa $10, pompe wa mu budimi (udibu bumbushe nsongo ya dipompa), anyi pompe wa 12V (anyi tshibombi tshidi ne bule bua metre 2) bua kupompa mâyi a mukele a kapia mu tshibombi tshikese tshia milimetre 6.
5. Mushindu udiwu wenza mudimu: Mashi a kapia adi apatuka ku nsongo ya tshiamu tshitekete tshia 6-millimetre ku mpala kua tshibuikidiji tshia mabue a mashika, adi alengeja mabue a mashika, ne mashika adi anyanguka adi apueka kunyima mu tshitupa tshia tshijengu tshidi pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia 6-millimetre ne tshiamu tshia 25-millimetre mu tshibombi tshidi ku makasa ebe. Padi neje isunguluka, tungunuka ne kuela tshiamu tshitekete tshia 6-millimetre kumpala santimetre ku santimetre (tshidi tshisunguluka ne lubilu lua pabuipi ne 30 centimètres / 1 foot kunyima kua minite 2) too ne paudi ubuela mu tshibuikidiji tshia neje ne mâyi a mu tshina tshia mâyi apatuka lubilu.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Padi mashika a mayi adi kaayi a mu nzembu akebesha njiwu ya mvula, njiwu ya muaba mukanga, anyi dijimija dionso dia mayi a kunua, enza mudimu ne mishindu eyi:

• Etats-Unis ne Canada:
• Dikuba dia muoyo, Disungila dia mu tshina tshia mâyi, anyi Hypothermie: Bikila 911.
• Dikuata dia mayi a kunua ne buludiki bua mayi a tshimpitshimpi mu misoko: Tangila U.S. Tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba (EPA) ne CDC Mikenji ya difila dia mayi mu tshimpitshimpi, anyi yukila ne tshimenga tshienu Office of Emergency Management (OEM) / dial 211 mu tshikondo tshia bipupu bia mashika bia mu muvu wa mashika bua diabanya dia mayi a kunua a bungi.
• Diambuluisha dia malu a tshina tshia mâyi ne tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu misoko: Udi mua kubikila Tshisumbu tshia diambuluisha dia bena mu misoko (RCAP) anyi tshibambalu tshia dikolesha dia mudimu wa ditunga.
• Bukalenge buobumue:
• Tshilumbu tshia lukasa: Bikila 999. Shi tshina tshieba tshia mayi (tshina tshia mâyi, tshina tshia mayi, anyi tshina tshia mayi) tshinyanguka mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole ne udi ne bantu badi kabayi ne bukole, bakulakaje anyi badi ne lutatu lua luondapu, yukila ne Local Authority Environmental Health Department (muinshi mua *Private Water Supplies Regulations 2016**Water Industry Councils, 1919 kulongolola mayi a mu milondo anyi diambuluisha dia bowser mu tshikondo tshia njiwu mikole ya mu muvu wa mashika).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu:
• Tshilumbu tshia lukasa: Bikila 112. Bibambalu bia bukubi bia mu tshimenga (Protection Civile / Technisches Hilfswerk - THW / Protección Civil) bidi bifila mazuwa a mâyi a kunua mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole adi anyanga misoko idi kule ne kule.
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Tshilumbu tshia lukasa: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande. Tangila Mikenji ya mayi a kunua a mu Australie (NHMRC) ne Mikenji ya mayi a kunua a bukola bua mubidi a mu Nouvelle-Zélande (Te Whatu Ora) bua bukubi bua tshina tshia mayi a mvula ne tshina tshia mâyi tshia pambelu pa nzembu.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique:
• Tshilumbu tshia lukasa: Bikila 112 mu India bua diambuluisha dia lukasa; yukila ne balombodi ba malu a bipupu (DDMA) anyi Jal Jeevan Mission ba-enjenyere ba mâyi ba mu misoko bua kupeta diambuluisha dia dikuba dia milonda ya mu tshikondo tshia mashika.

Mulongo wa malu a tshikebelu tshia mashika bua tshina tshia mâyi tshidi katshiyi ne nzembu ne milonda ya printemps¶

Kumpala kua mashika adi alonda a muinshi mua zero kufika, enza mudimu ne bintu bitanu ebi bia bukubi:

• **1. Shintulula tshilamba tshia 6-mm (¼-Inch) tshia tshiamu tshia 6-mm (¼-Inch) bua mu muvu wa mashika, ne tshiamu tshia 6-millimetre katshiena mua kubuikila ne mashika ne kubutula tshina tshiebe to.
• 2. Teka tshiamu tshia "Bleed Bypass" tshia 2-Litre-Ku-Minute pa Milongo ya Gravity Spring: Mâyi adi apueka adi apuekesha kapia bitekete bitekete ne adi akandamena mashika too ne ku -25°C (-13°F), kadi mâyi adi kaayi makole adi mu tshina tshidi katshiyi tshikole adi akola butuku bujima. Ela tshiamu tshia 2-litre-per-minute (0.5 GPM) tshidi tshienda tshipita mu tshina tshia mabue (anyi tshidi tshipita mu tshina tshieba) mu muvu wa mashika mujima bua mayi adi mu tshina tshia 500-metre kaayi alekela kuenda to.
• 3. "Ice Pillows" ya bujitu bua pa mutu munda mua IBC Totes idi pa mutu pa buloba: Suika milondo ibidi mikanga ya 4-litre (1-gallon) ya HDPE ya mabele/mayi idi ne bujitu bua 50 pa lukama buwule tente ne nsenga anyi mâyi a mukele bua ikale pa mâyi munkatshi mua tshibombi tshiebe tshia IBC; padi mabue a mashika a pa mutu enzeka, adi atshibula tshibombi tshidi tshiuwule tente ne kapepe pamutu pa kutshibula bimanu bia tshina tshia mâyi.
• 4. Enza "Kazubu ka nzubu wa mbua" ka tshiibi kunyunguluka tshiamu tshia IBC tshia kuinshi ne tshiamu tshia 5W 12V: Ela tshiamu tshia IBC tshia kuinshi tshia milimetre 50 munda mua tshiamu tshia 5-centimetre (2-inch) tshia tshiamu tshia XPS tshikole bua bujitu bua kapia bua 1,000 +4°C ya mayi ikale munda mua mayi valve pa mutu pa mashika.
• 5. Misangu yonso, ikala ne 40 Litres (10 Gallons) ya mayi a kunua a tshimpitshimpi mu nzubu mu 20-Litre Jerrycans miule tente anu ne 85% ya bukole: Nansha mudi nzubu webe wa mu nzubu muwule tente ne mashika paudi kuyiku, jerrycan wa polyethylene munene muwule tente ne 85% udi ne kapepe kakumbane bua kuenza mudimu ne mitu mikole kayi utapulula tshitupa tshiawu.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi tshina tshianyi tshia mayi tshia plastique anyi tshibombi tshia IBC tshiakakuluka mu tshimpitshimpi ne kunyanguka mu tshikondo tshia mashika?¶

Padi kapepe ka luya munda mua tshina tshia mayi tshibanda mu tshina tshia kuulu tshia muinshi mua zero tshibuikila ne tshilamba tshimpe tshia bikunyibua, luya ludi luenda lukola mu tshilamba ne lukanga tshina tshijima kapepe. Diakamue padi pompe webe wa mayi utuadija mudimu ne upatula mayi muinshi mua tshina tshikanga, udi wenza tshitupa tshia tshina tshia munda, tshienza bua tshipepele tshia pambelu (101 kilopascals anyi 14.7 pounds ku inch kare) tshitshibule bimanu bia polyéthylene munda. Misangu yonso ikala ujika pompe diakamue ne ubulule tshilamba tshia kuulu tshia 15-centimetre (6-inch) bua kuenza bua bukole buikale bumue kumpala kua kumbusha tshilamba tshidi tshikole.

Mmunyi mudi tshiamu tshianyi tshia mâyi tshidi tshienza mudimu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi mua kuikala ne mâyi adi kaayi apita padi kazubu ka mâyi kawule tente ne tshiamu katshiyi tshikole?¶

Mu mulongo wa mayi a bukole bukese udi ulonda muaba udi kauyi mulongolola, bipese bia kapepe bidi bibuela ku tshina tshia mâyi anyi bipatuka mu dilengeja bidi bisangisha ku nsongo ya mikuna idi mibandile ku muelelu kua tshina. Tshibombi tshionso tshia kapepe tshidi tshikuata tshidi tshimbusha mayi mu dikasa didi dipueka dia tshibandabanda ne tshienza hydrostatic back-pression; padi bule bua bipese bia kapepe bia bungi bupetangana ne dipueka diebe dionso dia mu kazubu ka tshina tshia mâyi, dienda dia mâyi didi dijika tshishiki. Sukula tshiibi tshia kapepe pa kubandisha tshiamu tshia nzembu mu bulongame ku tshibombi tshia mayi tshipueka, kupompa mayi kunyima kumbukila ku ndekelu kua nzubu bua kupatula kapepe mu kazubu ka mayi, anyi kuteka tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapepe ku tshibandilu tshitambe bunene.

Mmunyi mundi mua kupatula mayi mu tshibombi tshia IBC padi tshiamu tshia plastike tshia kuinshi tshikole?¶

Kuena ne bua kukuma anyi kuenzeja tshiamu tshia plastike tshia IBC anyi tshia ball valve to, bualu polypropylene wa mashika udi utshibuka bipepele ne neapuekeshe mâyi ebe onso padiye unyanguka. Pamutu pa nanku, umbusha tshibuikidiji tshia 15-centimetre (6-inch) tshidi pa mutu pa tshibombi, enza tshina tshia 5-centimetre (2-inch) mu tshitupa tshia pa mutu tshia mabue a mashika ku diambuluisha dia tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshiuwule tente ne mayi a kapia, ne wela pompe wa 12-volt anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 12-volt mu mâyi a Cel + 39 + degrés mayi adi muinshi mua mabue a mashika.

Mmunyi mundi mua kulengeja tshiamu tshia mayi tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi ne mashika pandi tshiyi ne nzembu bua kuela kapia?¶

Umbusha tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia mashika ne ela tshintu tshikole tshia 6-millimetre (1/4-inch) tshia polyethylene icemaker tube munda mua tshiamu tshinene too ne paditshi tshilenga mpala wa tshiamu tshia mashika. Wenza mudimu ne pompe wa mu budimi (ne nsongo ya tshibombi tshiumusha), pompe wa ku bianza, anyi pompe wa 12-volt bua kupompa mayi a mukele mu tshibombi tshitekete buludiludi pa neje; mayi a kapia adi alengeja tshibuikidiji tshia neje lukasa eku mayi a mashika adi apueka apingana mu tshitupa tshidi pankatshi pa milonda ibidi.

Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshianyi tshia mu lupangu tshivua katshiyi ne mashika tshiakashala mashika butuku bujima padi tshiamu tshia mashika tshijika mu bule bua metre 1,5 (5 feet) muinshi mua buloba?¶

Tshiamu tshia mayi tshia mu lupangu tshidi katshiyi ne mashika tshidi anu tshipatula mu tshina tshiatshi tshidi tshibandila padi kapepe mua kubuela mu tshina tshia mâyi tshidi kuulu eku mâyi apatuka mu tshina tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi kuinshi. Wewe mushiye tshiamu tshia mu budimi tshilamakaja ku tshina tshia mâyi butuku bujima, tshiamu tshia aspirateur tshidi tshilama tshilongo tshia mâyi tshidi tshikuate ku mutu kua tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipatuka, muaba uditshi tshilua tshikole. Umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu diakamue ne ufunde tshitupa tshia 45 centimètres (18 inches) tshia mutu wa hydrant ne tshiamu tshia riser mu tulayi tuela mu mayi a kapia munda mua tshibombi tshia plastique munkatshi mua minite 8 bua kulengeja tshiamu tshia ice tshia kuulu.

Ndiku mua kuenza mudimu ne kapepe kakole bua kupatula bipese bia mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia polyéthylène tshidi tshinyanguke anyi?¶

Tòo, kuena ne bua kulamakaja tshiamu tshia luya ku tshina tshia mâyi tshia polyethylene tshikanga anyi ku tshibombi tshia IBC bua kumbusha miaba idi munda to. Bintu bia kulama mayi bia plastike i bintu bidi kabiyi ne bukole bua bungi bienza anu bua bujitu bua mâyi adi kaayi ne bukole; kufila bukole mu tshina tshinene ne kilopascals 35 too ne ku 70 (5 too ne ku 10 PSI) ya kapepe kakole kudi kulama bukole bua njiwu budi mua kututa tshibumba tshia tshina tshia mâyi bikole. Pamutu pa nanku, kangula tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu, enza bua plastique udi mubumbakane ikale ne kapia kapite pa 10 degrés Celsius (50 degrés Fahrenheit), ne uwuje tshina tshijima ne mâyi bua bujitu bua hydrostatique budi pambelu bupingaje bimanu mu mushindu muimpe.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dipanga dia nzembu, mayi, ne bintu bia bukoya
• Dinyanguka dia nzubu wa tshilala benyi, dinyanguka dia tshina tshia mâyi a mvula, ne dikola dia mâyi a mvula
• Milonda ya mashika ne dikuba dia dibutuka dia mu muvu wa mashika
• Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshienza mudimu ne nzembu: fuse wa Class-T munyanguke, tshiamu tshia kulombola natshi mudimu tshidi tshinyanguke, ne dipingaja dia bateri

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA) ne tshisumbu tshia diambuluisha dia bena mu misoko (RCAP): Mukanda wa malu a mâyi makese a kunua: Mudimu ne dilama dia mayi a mashika, a bibombi bia mâyi ne a njila ya dituma dia mâyi a bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi.
• Bulongolodi bua makanda a mubidi pa buloba bujima (OMS) ne Tshibambalu tshia malu a mayi, a ndongamu ne a dikolesha (WEDC): Malu adi atangila mayi a kunua, a bukezuke ne a bukezuke mu bikondo bia tshimpitshimpi: Njila ya mayi a mu tuyilu tua bukole ne dikuba dia luya.
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC): Mâyi mimpe - Milondo ya mayi ya mu nzubu ne bukubi bua mayi a pa buloba anyi a mu tshina tshia mâyi.
• Tshibambalu tshia madimi tshia mu États-Unis (USDA) Tshibambalu tshia dilama dia bintu bia pa buloba (NRCS): Mukanda wa malu a mbulamatadi wa ditunga tshitupa tshia 636: Dilongolola dia tshina tshia mâyi ne dienza dia njila wa mâyi (malu adibu ne bua kuenza bua kukuata luya ne kupatula kapepe).