Bungee Cord ne Ratchet Strap Snap Into Eye: Hyphema, Globe Rupture, Lens Dislocation, and Rigid Eye Shield¶

Pa bulalu bua mashinyi manene, pa bitanda bia kuulu, pa mashinyi adi endakana, pa mazuwa adi ambula bintu, ne pa biamu bia kulama nabi bintu bia mu garage pa buloba bujima, mionji ya bungee ("mionji ya tshikuma") ya tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi ne S-hooks ya tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi J-hooks ya plastique ne mionji ya polyester idi ne bukole bua bungi idi ileja tshimue tshia ku bintu bidi bifikisha ku dienza nunku tshinyangu tshikole, tshinyangu tshia mêsu tshia muena mudimu tshidi tshileja kudi Tshilongelu tshia bena Amerike tshia malu a mêsu (AAO) ne Tshilongelu tshia malu a mêsu tshia mu États-Unis (USEIR). Bishilangane na tshingoma tshidi katshiyi tshikola tshidi anu tshipueka panshi pikala tshingoma tshinyanguka, tshingoma tshia bungee tshidi tshikola misangu ibidi mu bule buatshi tshidi tshienza mudimu bu katapult udi ulama 30 too ne ku 65+ Joules (22 too ne ku 48+ foot-pounds) ya bukole budi bukoka. Bualu muntu udi ulongolola tshingoma tshia bungee pa bulalu bua mashinyi anyi pa tshibandilu tshia kuulu udi ne bua kuela mpala wende buludiludi mu mulongo wa tshingoma bua kulamakaja ndekelu wa tshiamu ku tshilamba tshia kukanga nabi, padi tshingoma tshia S tshidi katshiyi tshikole tshipatuka ku mushiku wa tshibumba tshidi tshinyunguluke, tshitapa ku tshilamba tshiatshi tshidi tshikosa, anyi tshilulame muinshi mua bujitu, ** 300-gramme (1-to-3-ounce) tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienda lubilu lua 110 too ne ku 160+ kilometre ku dîba (70 too ne ku 100+ miles ku dîba) mu minite mikese menemene ya 15 milliseconds, udi misangu inayi mipite lubilu lua muntu lua kuela mêsu (6000 milliseconds).

Tshibi menemene, tshingoma tshia bungee tshia lubilu lua bungi tshidi tshikebesha mishindu ibidi ya disama: dikuma dia bukole bua bungi ne ditapa dia tshingoma tshikole. Dikasa dia tshingoma didi dikuma tshitupa tshia dîsu kumpala too ne panyima bu mupimbu wa squash, ditshibula muji wa iris wa mashi bua kuwuja kumpala kua dîsu ne mashi (hyphema traumatique), ditshibula mionji ya zonule idi mikole bua kukuma tshiamu tshia dîsu tshia ku tshilelelu (dislocation de lentille /ectotisation), diumusha anyi dibutuka dia lentine tshimanu tshia pambelu tshia scleral (open globe rupture), padi nsongo ya tshiamu tshia S-hook ikuata buludiludi mu cornea anyi mu bipese bia mêsu. Kumanya bua tshinyi kufina tshilamba tshia gaze pa dîsu didi ditshibuke anyi kupatula tshintu tshidi tshibuikila kudi kufina bintu bia munda mua dîsu pa ditama, mushindu wa kuenza ne kulamakaja tshilamba tshia dîsu tshikole tshia zero-pressure (anyi cut paper cup bottom) tshidi tshilamakaja bikole pa **bital anyi bibuta , bua tshinyi muntu udibu bashipe udi ne bua kuikala mululame ku 30 too ne ku 45 degre, ne bua tshinyi aspirine ne NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) mbikandika bikole bidi bikuba mêsu. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi, mputa ya ku mêsu, glaucome wa angle-closure ne dijimija dia dimona dia retine, ne mputa ku mutu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. KUENA, KUFINA, NANSHA KUTEKA MUDIMU WA GAUZE KU DISU, NE KUTEKI BUA KUKANGULA BIDIMU BIDI BIMUNE KU BUKOKESHI. Bikala tshingoma tshia bungee anyi tshia ratchet tshivua tshikebeshe **difuka dia globe diunzulula (**dijima dijima anyi dia split), tshitupa tshia munda anyi tshia sacle tshitupa tshia dîsu ntshintu tshiunzulula, tshidi ne bukole; Kufina pa tshilamba tshia ku mêsu ne tshilamba tshia kusukula natshi, tshibombi tshia mashika, anyi minu bua "kulekela mashi apatuka" kudi kupatula iris, lens, vitreous gel, ne retina buludiludi mu tshilonda, bienza bua muntu ikale mufofo udi kayi mua kupingana.
2. Bikala tshiamu tshia S-hook anyi tshiamu tshia plastique tshitshidi tshilamakaja mu tshitupa tshia dîsu, mu tshitupa tshia dîsu, anyi mu tshitupa tshia dîsu tshia mifuba: KUTSHIPATULU NANSHA KUTSHIKOKA. Ukuate bujitu bua tshingoma tshia bungee tshidi tshilenga diakamue ne tshianza tshiebe bua tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc katshikoki tshingoma to, t 150 15 santimetre (4 too ne ku 6 inches) kule ne tshingoma ku diambuluisha dia tshiseba tshikole anyi tshingoma bua kumbusha dikokangana dionso dia elastic, ne kulama tshingoma tshidi tshishale pa muaba watshi ne tshilamba tshinene tshiibaka tshinyunguluke (tshiyi tshifina) dîsu too ne padi munganga wa mêsu utshiumusha mu nzubu wa dipanda.
3. BUIKA DISU DIDI MULOPOKE NE TSHIBUDILU TSHIA MESO TSHIDI NE MUSHINDU WA KUENZA tshidi tshibuikila ku mufuba wa mpala (mpala) ne mufuba wa ditama (dimueneka dia tshiadi). Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia aluminium/plastique tshidibu bapanyisha Fox Eye Shield, anyi wenze bualu kampanda mu sekonde umua 00 centimetre kuinshi 44 (1.5 inches) pa dibeji dikezuke anyi pa dikopo dia kunua dia foam (anyi kukosa tshitupa tshia karton tshikole mu tshikokedi) ne kutshilamakaja mu diagonale kumbukila ku tshibuelelu tshia mpala too ne ku mufuba wa ditama bua tshintu nansha tshimue katshilenga tshimuenekelu tshia mêsu anyi bipese bia mêsu to.
4. LAMA MUENA MUTU WA BUALU MUSHINDIKE MULUME NE MUTU WABU MUBAMBA KU 30- TO 45-DEGREE misangu yonso: KUMULEKELI bua kulala panshi anyi kuinama kumpala to. Mu hyphema wa kanyinganyinga (dipatuka dia mashi munda mua nzubu wa kumpala wa ku dia balume) paudi usomba muulu too ne ku 45 degree udi wenza mudimu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi bua kulekela globules rouges kusomba bimpe kuinshi kua nzubu wa kumpala (kule ne tshitupa tshia munkatshi tshia tshimuenekelu ne tshiamu tshia trabeculaire drainage meshwork) ne udi upuekesha tension wa mu mishipa ya mu mêsu.
5. KUPESHI ASPIRIN, IBUPROFEN (Advil/Motrin), NAPROXEN (Aleve), NANSHA NSAID MUKUABU WA MUSANGA WA MESO. Maluvu adi kaayi a steroïde adi ambuluisha bua kujikija misanshi ne aspirine adi apangisha disangisha dia plakete; mu disama dia bungee-cord hyphema, kunua ibuprofen anyi aspirine kudi kuenza bua "Dituku dia 3 too ne ku dituku dia 5 Re-Bleed" (dipatuka dia mashi dibidi) didi diuja nzubu mujima wa kumpala ne tshintu tshifiike ("8-Ball Hyphema") ne dibandisha bukole bua munda mua mêsu too ne ku tshipiminu tshia dipanga dia mêsu. (Anu acetaminophen / paracetamol ke udi mua kuenza mudimu pikala munganga muanyishe ne kakuena malu adi mua kupangisha tshifu to.)
6. Bikila nimero ya lukasa lukasa ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi longolola bua kuya nende diakamue ku lupitadi ludi ne diambuluisha dia lukasa dia mêsu dia mêba 24. Lama mubedi bimpe menemene **NPO (kakuyi tshia kudia anyi tshia kunua, nansha mâyi) mu tshilumbu tshionso tshidi tshikengela diakamue tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi tshipanduluke, ne ufila diambuluisha dia diluisha disama dia mutshima padibi bikengela bua mubedi katshinyi anyi katshinyi (Valsalva udi ubandisha tension wa munda mua mêsu); tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: tshingoma tshia bungee anyi tshingoma tshia ratchet snapback ocular trauma triage¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Bungee Cord Hook anyi Ratchet Strap Snapback Strikes Eye / Orbit"] --> HookCheck{"Tshiamu tshia tshiamu anyi tshia plastique tshitshidi tshibueja mu dîsu anyi mu tshiadi anyi?"}
    HookCheck -->|"Eyowa: Tshilamba tshibueja mu globe anyi mu tshibuikidiji"| CutCord["1. Kuata tshingoma diakamue bua bujitu kabukoki dîsu; 2. Kosa tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga tshia 10 too ne ku 15 cm kule ne tshingoma ne tshiamu tshia kukosa nabi bua kumbusha dikokangana; 3. KUPATUDI anyi kukoka tshiamu tshia mitaku to; kushindama ne tshilamba tshinene tshidi tshiimana pa muelelu wa mifuba; 4. Ela dikopo dia dibeji / tshibumba tshia plastique pa tshilamba ne tshilamba tshia dîsu dikuabu bua kuimanyika dienda dia dîsu didi dianyishibue"]
    HookCheck -->|"Tòo: Hook Rebounded Off Eye"| VisualInspect["1. Leja muntu udibu bashipe bua kubenga kuela mêsu, kufina bibuikidiji, kufuimisha muulu, anyi kuinama; 2. Tangila dîsu bitekete bitekete KUYI ukoka tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia dîsu"]
    VisualInspect --> GlobeSigns{"Kudi bimanyinu bia Open Globe Rupture anyi Hyphema anyi?"}
    GlobeSigns -->|"Ditopo dia binsonji/Mulongi udi ne nsongo, nzubu wa kumpala mupepele/mukese, tshitupa tshifiike tshidi tshipatuka, anyi tshitupa tshia mashi tshidi tshimueneka (Hyphema)"| ShieldAndElevate["1. Ela tshilamba tshia ZERO-PRESSURE RIGID EYE SHIELD (Fox shield anyi cut bottom of paper cup) tshidi tshiteka anu pa mufuba wa mpala ne wa ditama (KAKUENA gauze muinshi mua tshilamba); 2. Teka mubedi mululame ku 30 too ne ku 45 degrés; 3. Kandika manga onso a aspirine/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/naproxen) ne ikala ne NPO (kakuyi biakudia/mayi); 4. Udi mua kuya diakamue ku ER ne munganga wa mêsu"]
    GlobeSigns -->|"Butoke bua butoke, tshilamba tshia kumona, tshimuenenu tshibidi, anyi tshimuenenu tshibi"| ShieldAndElevate
    CutCord --> EMSCall["Bikila ku 911 / 112 / 999 bua kuya ne ambulanse mubandile/mutu muulu ku nzubu wa lupitadi lua disama dia mêsu"]

Bipimo bya bungee cord snapback ne 5 ya mputa ya ku mêsu¶

1. Bua tshinyi tshingoma tshia bungee tshidi ne njiwu ku mêsu kupita tshingoma tshia BB¶

Diteta dia biomecanique kudi bakebuludi ba malu a mêsu didi dileja bua tshinyi mionji ya bungee ya tshilelela idi ifila bungi bunene bua bantu badi kabayi bamone malu mu mikenji kupita biamu bikuabu bionso bia mu nzubu:

• 60+ Joules of Stored Elastic Energy: While airsoft pellet anyi toy dart ukuma ne 1 too ne ku 3 Joules ya kinetic energy ne tshipiminu .177-caliber BB gun udi ufila 4 too ne ku 8 Joules, tshingoma tshikole tshia 9-millimeter (3/8-inch) tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga tshiolola ne kilo 40 (90 pounds) ya bukole bua kukoka tshidi tshilama 40 too ne ku 65 Joules ya bukole.
• Sub-Blink-Reflex Velocity (120 to 160+ km/h): Padi tshiamu tshia S-hook tshipueka ku tshintu tshia kulamakaja natshi, bukole budibu balame budi buenza bua tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole tshipingane lubilu lujalame ku mulongo wa tshimuenekelu ku 35 too ne ku 45 metre ku sekonde (125 too ne ku 160 km/h). Bualu bua tshienzelu tshia muntu tshidi tshiangata 60 too ne ku 100 milisekonde bua kukanga mêsu ne tshingoma tshia bungee tshidi tshipita 50-centimetre (20-inch) mu bule bua 12 to ne 15 milisekonde, tshingoma tshidi tshikuma tshitupa tshiunzulula tshinene, tshidi katshiyi tshibuikila kumpala mene kua tshitupa tshia buongo tshidi katshiyi tshibuikila tshingoma tshiakasesuka.

2. Mputa 5 ya mêsu idi mua kunyangakaja mêsu idi mifumina ku bungee snapback¶

Bu mudi tshiamu tshia S-hook anyi tshiamu tshia plastique tshikese kupita 35-to-40-millimeter (1.5-inch) tshiunzulula tshia bony eye socket (orbital rim), mifuba ya tshifu kayena mua kutshikosa to; 100 pa lukama ya bukole bua dikuma budi buangatshibua buludiludi kudi disu ditekete:

   HOW TO APPLY A ZERO-PRESSURE RIGID EYE SHIELD (OR PAPER CUP)

   [1] WRONG: GAUZE PAD UNDER TAPE          [2] RIGHT: RIGID VAULT ON BONY RIM
   ===============================          ==================================
       [ Forehead Brow Bone ]                   [ Forehead Brow Bone ]
                 ||                                       ||   \\  <-- Tape
            +----+----+                                   ||    \\     Bridge
            |  GAUZE  | <-- FATAL TO VISION:              ||     +-----+
       (Eye)|  PRESS  |     Presses down on          (Eye)||     | AIR | <-- Paper Cup
        ()  |  PAD    |     ruptured globe,           ()  ||     | GAP |     Bottom or
            +----+----+     extruding iris/               ||     +-----+     Fox Shield
                 ||         lens/vitreous                 ||    //
        [ Cheekbone (Malar) ]                    [ Cheekbone (Malar) ]

   CRITICAL RULE: Do NOT stuff gauze pads underneath a rigid eye shield on a
   suspected globe rupture or hyphema. The rigid shield must form a hollow
   protective dome resting 100% on the hard skull bones above and below the eye.

Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia tshitupa ku tshitupa: tshilamba tshia ku mêsu tshikole, dibandisha dia mutu dia 30 too ne ku 45, ne dipangisha dia NSAID¶

1. Mushindu kayi wa kutangila dîsu bimpe kakuyi dienza dia extrusion¶

Shi muntu mukuma mu dîsu na tshingoma tshia bungee anyi tshingoma tshia ratchet:

• Kuena ne bua kukangula bipese bia mêsu bidi biuwule ne tshianza tshiebe tshinene to. Padi muntu usama ne ufinya bipese bia mêsu ende bikanga (blepharospasm), kukoka tshianza tshiende tshia kuulu kudi kututa tshianza tshiebe tshinene panshi buludiludi ku mutu kua tshitupa tshia dîsu.
• Shi muntu udi mua kunzulula mêsu ende nkayende mu nzubu udi kayi ne butoke bua bungi, tangila ne muendu wa pa tshibidilu wa mu nzubu (kutokeshi toshete wa tactique udi ufofomija buludiludi mu dîsu dia muntu udi kayi ne butoke to) bua kupeta bimanyinu bibidi bia mushinga:
• Mushindu wa mulongi mufike: Mulongi udi mubumbakane anyi, anyi udi mukoka mu mushindu wa "tshintu tshia binsonji" anyi tshia "poire"? Tshintu tshia binsonji ntshimanyinu tshia tshitupa tshia globe tshiunzulula: mâyi adi munda mua dîsu mmapatuke kupitshila mu ditapuluka dia mu tshitupa tshia dîsu anyi tshia sclera, apuekesha tshiadi tshia iris wa dikala mu tshina bu mudi tshibuikidiji tshia tshina tshia kuowa mâyi.
• Mushindu wa mayi anyi mashi kumpala kua iris: Udiku umona dijiba dia mashi dikunze disombe kuinshi kua iris wa mekala (bu mayi kuinshi kua tshibombi tshia mushipa) anyi lupuishi lutoke ludi lubuikila iris anyi? I hyphema wa kanyinganyinga.

2. Kuenza ne kuela tshilamba tshia kujingila mêsu tshidi katshiyi ne bukole mu masekonde 30¶

Tshiamu tshionso tshia diambuluisha dia kumpala tshidi ne tshia kuikala ne tshiamu tshia Fox Eye Shield tshia aluminium anyi tshia polycarbonate, tshidi ne tshilamba tshienza bua kuikala pa supraorbital ridge (brow bone), nasal bridge, ne zygomatic/malar bone (cheekbone). Shi kuena ne tshiamu tshia Fox Eye Shield mu mashinyi eba anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi:

1. Tshilamba tshia dikopo tshia dibeji anyi tshia styrofoam (tshilamba tshia or tshia patupu):
2. Angata dibeji dikezuke, karton, anyi dikopo dia kunua dia plastique dikole ne wenze mudimu ne tshiseba anyi tshingoma tshia mu tshibombi bua kosa tshitupa tshia kuinshi tshia 3,5 too ne ku 4,5 santimetre (1,5 inches) tshia dikopo bua wikale ne tshibumba tshidi katshiyi tshikole ne tshikole.
3. KUTEKI tshintu nansha tshimue tshia gaze munda mua dikopo to.
4. Teka muelelu wa dikopo dia muinshi mua dîsu didi disama bua muelelu wa kuulu wikale pa mufuba wa tshiadi ne muelelu wa kuinshi wikale pa mufuba wa ditama mukole.
5. Utshisuike bimpe ne 3 anyi 4 ya tshilamba tshia luondapu anyi tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshifumina munkatshi mua mpala tshitangile ku dikopo too ne ku ditama dia pambelu.
6. Netuambe tshinyi wewe kuyi nansha ne dikopo dia mabeji?
7. Bikala muntu udibu bashipe muvuale manyanu a mêsu anyi makalashi a bukubi, umuambile bua kupingaja makalashi ende diakamue bua kuenza mudimu bu tshintu tshikole, anyi ukose tshijengu mu tshilamba tshia kazubu ka karton (8 cm / 3 in diamètre), ukose tshitupa tshimue tshia radial too ne munkatshi, ulengeje tshitupa atshi kakese bua kuenza 3D cone, ne ela cone pa orbite wa mifuba.
8. Ndîba dia kubuikila mêsu onso abidi (Dibuikila dia mesu abidi bua bipese bia munda):
9. Mêsu a bantu adi enda pamue mu buobumue (mukenji wa Hering wa dienza dia mijilu ya muomumue / dienda dia muomumue): padi dîsu diebe dia balume didi kadiyi ditapike dienda dia dia bakaji ne dia balume bua kutangila mu nzubu, dîsu diebe dia balume didi ne mputa didi dienda dia dia bakaji ne dia balume lubilu lua muomumue.
10. Shi tshiamu tshia bungee hook anyi tshitupa tshia dikalashi tshitshidi munda mua dîsu, dienda dionso dia dîsu dimpe didi dienza bua dîsu didi ditapa dikose kumpala ne panyima pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshishindame. Mu tshilumbu etshi, kunyima kua wewe mumane kuela dikopo dinene dia dibeji pa dîsu didi ditapa ne tshingoma, buikila dîsu didi kadiyi ditapa ne tshilamba tshikezuke anyi tshilamba ne ukuate tshianza tshia mubedi bua kumulombola, nunku mêsu onso abidi ashale anu atangila kumpala.

3. Bua tshinyi dibandisha dia mutu ku 30-to-45-degree ne dikisha dikole bidi bipangisha "8-Ball Hyphema"¶

Padi tshingoma tshia bungee tshikebesha hyphema wa kanyinganyinga (dipatuka dia mashi adi afumina ku mishipa ya iris/ciliaire mipanduluke mu nzubu wa kumpala):

• Mushindu udi bukole budi bukokela bintu pa buloba bukuba tshitupa tshia dîsu ne muaba udi mâyi apatuka: Bikala mubedi mulale panshi pa mukolo, globules rouges idi itambakana mu tshitupa tshionso tshia mâyi, ibuikila tshitupa tshia dîsu tshia panyima ne ikanga 360 degrés ya trabecular meshwork (tshintu tshikese tshidi tshipatula mâyi mu dîsu). Kusomba mubedi mululame ne mutu wende mubandisha ku 30 too ne ku 45 degrés (mu tshikondo tshia kuya nende ku lupitadi ne padiye ulala pa bulalu matuku 5 anyi 7 adi alonda) kudi kuenza bua bukole budi bukokela bintu pa buloba buteke globules rouges bimpe menemene kuinshi kua dîba dia 6 wa dîsu, kuenza bua tshimuenekelu tshia dîsu tshikale tshitoke ne kuenza bua tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia trabeculaire tshikale tshilama tension wa mâyi ** (IOP)** kena ubanda to.
• Bua tshinyi matuku 3 too ne ku 5 adi tshikondo tshia njiwu mikole (Njiwu ya dipatuka kabidi dia mashi):
• Ditapuluka dia kumpala mu mushipa wa iris didi dikanga kudi tshitupa tshia fibrin-platelet tshidi katshiyi tshikole. Munkatshi mua mêba 72 ne 120 (Matuku 3 to ne 5) kunyima kua dikuma dia bungee, enzyme wa mubidi udi ushipa mashi (plasmine) udi utuadija kutshibula tshiamu tshia fibrin.
• Shi mubedi muangate nansha tshiamu tshimue tshia aspirine, ibuprofen, anyi naproxen, anyi yeye muinama bua kusuika bisabata biende, mubandishe kazubu ka bujitu, muele dîsu diende, anyi mudienzeje, mushipa udi kayi ne bukole udi upatuka kabidi (dipatuka dia mashi diakabidi). Dipatuka dia mashi didi misangu yonso dikola kupita dia kumpala, dienza bua tshitupa tshionso tshia kumpala kua dîsu tshikale tshifiike ("8-Ball Hyphema"), difikisha ku tension wa munda mua dîsu kupita 50 mmHg, ditshibula muonji wa dîsu, ne dienza bua kashidi tshitupa tshia dîsu tshikale tshifiike (cornealside hemrosis).
• Sickle Cell Trait / Disease Didimuija dia lukasa: Shi muntu udi mutapike udi wa mu Afrike, wa mu Mediterane, wa mu Moyen Orient, anyi wa mu Inde, ambila munganga wa lukasa ne munganga wa mêsu diakamue pikalabu ne disama dia Sickle Cell anyi mene dia Sickle Cell didi kadiyi ne bimanyinu (HbAS). Munda mua tshitupa tshia dîsu tshidi ne oxygène mukese, tshidi ne hypheme, globules rouges ya muntu udi anu ne Sickle Cell Trait idi ikola mu tshitupa tshia ngondo tshikole tshidi tshikanga tshitupa tshia trabeculaire, tshienza infarct wa kashidi wa nerve optique ne bufofo padi pression intraculare mubandile kakese (>= 24 mmHg) mu meba 24, ne bidi bibengangana ne dipuekesha dia tshiamu tshia carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide) bidi bienza bua dîsu dikale ne aside; mona disama dia tshifu tshikole, dikuata dia tshiadi, ne priapisme mu disama dia sickle cell dia bana ne bakulumpe.

Dikonkonona dia bukubi bua bintu: kupingaja mionji ya S-hook bungee ne mishindu mikuabu mimpe¶

Bua kuepula tshingoma tshia bungee ne tshingoma tshia ratchet mputa ya kashidi:

• Ela mionji yonso ya bungee idi ne tshiamu tshia S-hooks tshikosa, katshiyi tshinyunguluke anyi tshidi katshiyi tshikole: S-hooks ya nshinga miunzulula idi milongolola anu ku 15 too ne ku 25 kilo (33 too ne ku 55 pounds) ya dikoka. Ubipingaje diakamue ne mionji ya bungee ya tshiibi tshikanga (muaba udi tshiibi tshia bukubi tshidi ne tshiibi tshikanga tshingoma pa tshilamba tshia kulamakaja natshi bua katshiyi mua kusesuka padibu batshikoka) anyi mionji ya cam-buckle / ratchet webbing idi kayiyi ne bukole.
• Kuena ne bua kuela mpala webe mu mulongo wa njila wa tshingoma tshia bungee anyi tshia ratchet to: Paudi ukuata anyi upatula tshingoma tshia bungee anyi ulekela tshianza tshia ratchet tshia bukole bua bungi, wimane ku luseke lua tshingoma ne ukoke kule ne mubidi webe ne mpala webe, kuyi nansha mubandile mutangile ku mêsu ne ku mêsu ebe to.
• Vala makalashi a bukubi a ANSI Z87.1+ / EN 166 a polycarbonate dîba dionso diudi ulamakaja bintu: Makalashi a bukubi a polycarbonate a $5 (ANSI Z87.1+ udi ne bukole bua bungi) udi wimanyika 160 km/h (100 mph) tshiamu tshia bungee S-hook kakuyi lutatu.
• Tangila tshilamba tshia ratchet bua kumona ni UV ne dikosa dia ku mpenga (> 10% dijimija dia bule): Padi tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia polyester tshidi tshinyanguke tshidi muinshi mua 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds) tshia bukole tshitshibuka mu ditumba dia bulalu bua mashinyi manene, tshisumbu tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia ratchet tshidi tshienda tshipingana panyima bu tshiamu tshia nshinga.

Nomba ya njiwu ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya disama dia mêsu¶

Shi tshingoma tshia bungee anyi tshingoma tshia ratchet tshikuate dîsu, ndaku diakamue ku tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka tshidi ne tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka tshia mêsu anyi tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka tshia mêsu tshidibu basungule. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kufina tshilamba tshia gaze anyi tshia ice pa dîsu panyima pa dikuma dia tshingoma tshia bungee?¶

Padi tshingoma tshia bungee tshikuma dîsu ku lubilu lua kilometre mipite pa 120 ku dîba (75 miles ku dîba), dikuma dia tshingoma anyi nsongo ya tshingoma tshikole tshitu misangu ya bungi tshitapulula tshimanu tshia pambelu tshia dîsu (ditapa dia globe mubulula). Bu mudi munda mua dîsu diuwule tente ne mayi ne gel (aqueous ne vitreous humor), kufina pa tshilamba tshia dîsu tshikanga ne tshilamba tshia gaze, minu anyi bujitu bua tshiamu tshia glace kudi kufina iris, lens wa ku tshilelelu, ne retina kupitshila mu binsonji, bienza bua muntu ikale mufofo wa kashidi udi kauyi mua kuondopibua. Misangu yonso, ikala ufuka dîsu ne tshintu tshia kukuba natshi mêsu tshidi ne munda mutupu (anyi tshitupa tshia kuinshi kua dikopo dia dibeji) tshilamakaja bua se: muelelu watshi wikale anu pa mufuba mukole wa mpala ne pa ditama kayi ulenga tshitupa tshia dîsu to.

Mmunyi mundi mua kumanya ni dikuma dia tshingoma tshia bungee ndikebeshe "Ditapuluka dia Open Globe" anyi "Traumatic Hyphema"?¶

Kuyi ukoka bipese bia mêsu, tangila dîsu bitekete bitekete pikala muntu udibu bashipe mua kudiunzulula: Open Globe Rupture utu upatula "mu tshimfuanyi tshia binsonji" anyi tshimuenekelu tshifiike tshidi ne nsongo (tshidi tshileja muaba udi iris ukanga binsonji mu tshitupa tshia dîsu anyi tshia sclera), tshitupa tshia mubidi tshifiike/tshifiike tshidi tshipita mu dîsu, anyi 360-degree mashi, bu mudi jelly blister swelling wa conjonctiva mutoke. Disama dia Traumatic Hyphema i mashi adi apatuka munda mu muaba mutoke udi pankatshi pa dikasa dia dîsu ne dîsu dia mekala, didi dimueneka bu lupuishi lukunze lua matutu anyi bu tshina tshia mashi tshikunze tshidi tshitangile kuinshi kua dînu.

Bua tshinyi bidi ne mushinga bua kulama muntu udi ne disama dia dîsu dia bungee-cord musombe mululame ku 30 too ne ku 45 degrés?¶

Mu disama dia hyphema (mashi munda mua nzubu wa kumpala wa dîsu), kulama mutu mubandishibue ku 30 too ne ku 45 degrés kudi kuenza mudimu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu pa buloba bua kuenza bua globules rouges ikale misombe bimpe kuinshi kua nzubu, kule ne munkatshi mua mulongi ne kule ne tshiamu tshia kuulu tshia mashi tshidi tshipatuisha mâyi (tshiamu tshia trabeculaire). Muntu yeye mulale panshi pa mukolo, mashi adi atangalaka kumpala kua dîsu dijima, anyanguka tshitupa tshia dîsu ne akanga tshiamu tshia dipatuila mâyi, tshidi tshikebesha dikola dia tension wa munda mua dîsu (glaucome muibidi). Dibandisha dia mutu didi kabidi dipuekesha mashi a mu mishipa mu mutu ne mu tshitupa tshia mubidi.

Bua tshinyi ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (Aleve), ne aspirine mukandika bikole kunyima kua disama dia dîsu dikole anyi?¶

Aspirine ne manga adi kaayi a steroïde adi ajikija misanshi (NSAIDs bu mudi ibuprofen ne naproxen) adi anyanga dikola dia mashi. Panyima pa tshingoma tshia bungee tshimane kutshibula mushipa mukese wa mashi mu iris (bienza bua hypheme), tshitupa tshia mashi tshidi katshiyi tshikole tshidi tshikanga mushipa au matuku abidi a kumpala. Pankatshi pa difuku 3 ne difuku 5 kunyima kua disama, mubidi udi utuadija kujimija tshitupa atshi tshia mashi. Shi mubedi muangate aspirine nansha ibuprofen, mushipa wa dîsu udi mutapike utu upatuka kabidi misangu ya bungi mu "dipatuka dia mashi" dinene didi diwuja kumpala kua dîsu dijima ne tshitupa tshia mashi tshifiike ("8-Ball Hyphema"), tshidi tshikebesha tension wa dîsu udi kauyi mua kukokeshibua ne dijimija dia dimona dia kashidi. Anu acetaminophen (paracetamol) udi kayi ne bualu udi muimpe bua kanyinganyinga kumpala kua tshikebelu tshia munganga wa mêsu.

Ntshinyi tshindi mua kuenza pikala tshiamu tshia S-hook tshia tshingoma tshia bungee tshitshidi tshilamakaja mu dîsu anyi mu tshiadi tshia muntu?¶

Kutetshi nansha kakese bua kupatula anyi kukoka tshiamu tshia S-hook mu tshitupa tshia dîsu anyi tshia ku mêsu to; nsongo mikosa idi yenza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi mua kupatula tshitupa tshia mêsu, tshia tshimuenekelu tshia mêsu anyi tshia mêsu padibu batshikoka panyima, ne kutshikoka kudi kupatula tshibuikidiji tshia globe tshidi ne bukole. Kuata diakamue tshingoma tshia bungee ne tshianza tshiebe bua bujitu buatshi ne bukole buatshi kabiyi bikoka tshingoma, pashishe wenze mudimu ne tshingoma tshia mu tshikuku anyi muele bua kukosa tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc mu bule bua santimetre 10 too ne ku 15 (4 anyi 6 inches) kule ne tshingoma. Ela dibeji dinene anyi dikopo dia foam pa tshitupa tshia dîsu tshidi ne mifuba bua kukuba tshingoma tshidi tshipatuka bua katshikuma, ufuke dîsu didi kadiyi ditapike ne tshilamba bua dîsu nansha dimue kadiyi diendakana, ne ubikile 911 / 112 / 999.

Bua tshinyi baminganga ba lupitadi batu misangu yonso bebeja bua Sickle Cell Trait padi muntu ne mashi kumpala kua dîsu diende?¶

Nansha muntu yeye kayi ne disama dia Sickle Cell ne muikale anu ne Sickle Cell Trait (HbAS) muimpe udi kayi ne bimanyinu, muaba udi munda mua nzubu wa kumpala wa dîsu didi ne disama dia hyphema udi ne oxygène mukese ne acide. Padi globules rouges idi ne ngikadilu wa Sickle Cell Trait ipatuka mashi kumpala kua dîsu, idi ishintuluka lukasa mu mishindu ya sickle mikole idi kayiyi mua kupitshila mu tshiamu tshia dîsu tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka bimpe to. Ebi bidi bifikisha ku dikola dia lukasa, dikole dia tension wa munda mua mêsu didi mua kushipa kashidi nerf optique mu mêba 24 ku tension udi dîsu dimpe mua kuitaba, ne bidi bikengela kuela mafuta a pa buawu a ku mêsu.

Mukanda ewu udi ufila mishindu ya diambuluisha dia lukasa bua disama dia mêsu dia bungee cord ne ratchet strap ne kawena upingana pa muaba wa dikonkonona dia lukasa kudi munganga wa mêsu to. Ela meji bua kulonga diambuluisha dia kumpala ku diambuluisha dia Croix-Rouge anyi dia St John Ambulance.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Mputa ya ku mêsu
• Disama dia glaucome dia angle-closure ne dijimija dia dimona dia retine
• Disama dia tshifu tshikole, dikuata dia tshifu, ne priapisme mu disama dia sickle cell dia bana ne bakulumpe
• Mputa ku mutu
• Dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia angle grinder, dikuma dia table saw, ne disama dia mu nzubu wa mudimu

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshilongelu tshia bena Amerike tshia malu a mêsu (AAO): Dilama dia disama dia hypheme, dia Open Globe Rupture, ne dia Bungee Cord Ocular Trauma Mikenji ya luondapu
• Tshibambalu tshia disama dia mêsu tshia mu États-Unis (USEIR) ne lupitadi lua mêsu lua Wills: Mukanda wa malu a mêsu a tshimpitshimpi: dienza dia tshilamba tshia mêsu tshia Fox, dikonkonona dia hyphema wa sickle cell, ne disungula dia ectopia Lentis
• Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth, United Kingdom): Ophthalmic Services Guidance: Emergency Eye Care and Open Globe Injury Pathways
• Tshibambalu tshia mikenji ya ditunga dia Amerika (ANSI): ANSI/ISEA Z87.1: Mikenji ya ditunga dia Amerike bua bintu bia mudimu ne bia tulasa bia kukuba nabi mêsu ne mpala
• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) & Health Canada: Elastic Bungee Cord S-Hook Failure Recalls and Ocular Snapback Hazard Alerts