Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kapia (Conductonaut/PS5) tshidi tshipatuka pa motherboard anyi pa biamu bia GPU: Dipatula dia gallium didi kadiyi ne njiwu¶

Kupongolola nansha ditontolola dikese dia tshiamu tshia kapia, bu mudi Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, anyi tshiamu tshia PlayStation 5 (PS5) APU, pa tshiamu tshia mashinyi, pa tshiamu tshia mudimu, anyi pa tshiamu tshia ordinatere (PCB) ntshintu tshia lukasa lukasa. Bishilangane na tshiamu tshia silicone tshia pa tshibidilu ne tshiamu tshia zinc-oxyde, tshiamu tshia mitaku ntshintu tshia tshiamu tshia eutectic tshienza ne gallium, indium, ne étain tshidi tshishala tshia mayi mu luya lua nzubu. Udi 100 pa lukama udi ulombola nzembu ne udi ne bukole bua bungi kudi aluminium udi kayi ne tshintu ne ku biamu bia tshiamu tshia solde bidi ne luya lukese. Wewe mupeta nzembu mikese, muishi, anyi mupuya wa kapia udi ufumina ku tshiamu tshidi ne nzembu, diakamue upuekeshe nzembu ya AC ne yukila ne muaba uudi musombele nomba ya tshimpitshimpi shi kapia ka tshitupa kampanda katema. Bua kupeta mishindu ya kupingaja bintu bia mudimu, bala bulombodi buetu pa CPU mupatula ne heatsink anyi bipese bia socket bikoseka, PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC, ne PC wa pa buende udi ne kapia kakole ne tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshipatuka.

Bu mudi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikale ne bukole bua bungi bua pa mutu, tshintu tshimue tshidi tshipatuka mu tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipatuka mu tshimpitshimpi tshidi mua kutuma tupese tukese tua arjan tua bungi tudi tukenka bu lumuenu mu bule bua 15 centimètres (6 inches) ya circuit wa motherboard. Nansha dibue dimue dia muinshi mua milimetre disangisha biamu bibidi bia Surface Mount Device (SMD) multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) bidi pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia GPU tshidi tshimueneka patoke, anyi dibuela muinshi mua tshiamu tshia Ball Grid Array (BGA) tshia module wa VRAM anyi tshia AMD AM5 processor heatspreader, kutemesha tshiamu tshia nzembu nekuikale njila wa bukole bua bungi anyi 22 1.8-volt udi ubuela mu biibi bia nzembu mikese. Ino, pikala kuyi wenza mudimu ne nzembu ne kuyi ulengeja tshiamu tshia mayi ne mabeji maume anyi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole, 100 pa lukama ya tshiamu tshia gallium tshidi tshipatuka tshidi mua kupatuka kakuyi dinyanguka dia kashidi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia AC ne umbusha bateri wa CMOS (anyi tshiamu tshia munda tshia bateri tshia laptop/console) diakamue. Kuena ne bua kutemesha tshiamu nansha tshimue bua kuteta ni tshintu tshikese tshidi tshipatuka tshidi ne mushinga to. Nansha bukole bua kuindila (+5VSB pa tshiamu tshia ATX anyi pa batterie wa lithium-ion wa portable) udi ufila bukole ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi mua kuenza circuit muipi wa tshiamu tshia gallium tshia lukasa tshia biamu bibidi bia capacitor bidi pabuipi.
2. Lekela kunyunguluka, kunyunguluka, anyi kunyungisha karte ka mamu, karte ka graphique, anyi tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Tshiamu tshia mâyi tshidi ne bukole bukese menemene ne tshidi pabuipi ne zero wa dikokangana ne tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia fibre de verre too ne paditshi tshinyanguka. Kutenteka tshiamu tshia mudimu kudi kuenza bua bipese bia bintu bidi kabiyi ne bukole biendakana lukasa pa PCB ne bibuele muinshi mua biamu bia meji bia BGA bifiike, miaba ya PCIe, anyi nzubu ya CPU socket muaba udibi kabiyi bimueneka kuulu.
3. Kusukula tshintu tshidi tshipatuka ne tshilamba tshiume tshia dibeji, tshilamba tshia kujingila, anyi tshilamba tshia butoyi tshiume. Kusukula tshiamu tshia mitaku pa PCB kudi kupanda tshintu tshimue tshia arjan tshia 2-millimetre (0.08-inch) mu binunu bia matonsi a 10-micron adi apita mu filme wa tshiamu tshitekete pa mabeji a solder ne five.
4. Anji kunua mabue onso adi amueneka ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia plastike tshidi ne nsongo mikole anyi ne tshiamu tshia plastique tshifiike tshidi tshifila ne tshiamu tshiebe tshia tshiamu tshia mâyi. Tenga nsongo ya tshiamu etshi buludiludi ku muelelu wa tshiamu tshionso tshia arjan ne ukoke tshintu tshia kuela nabi mâyi bitekete bitekete bua bukole bua pa mutu bukoke ditontolola dijima mu tshibombi.
5. Tangila ni tshiamu kampanda tshia mayi tshidi tshilenga aluminium (bu mudi tshiamu tshia CPU tshia aluminium, GPU fin stack, anyi M.2 heatsink). Bikala gallium ulenga aluminium mubi, umupule mu tusunsa tukese ne maluvu a isopropyl a 99 pa lukama. Gallium udi utangalaka lukasa mu mikalu ya ntete ya kristale ya aluminium, wenza bua se: Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) udi ukudimuna aluminium mukole mu lupuishi lua nsukadi mu mêba makese.
6. Wenza mudimu ne 99 pa lukama wa isopropyl alcohol (IPA) wet-dabbing ne coalescing method bua kumbusha micro-beads idi mishale mu SMD capacitors. Weja tshiamu tshia foam tshidi katshiyi ne nsuki anyi tshiamu tshia coton applicateur ne 99% anhydrous IPA ne dab vertical pa beads mikese. Tshinjinjimbi tshia maluvu tshidi tshibuikila dikoba dia gallium munyanguke ne tshienza bua tupese tukese tusangisha kabidi mu tshijengu tshinene tshidi tshilamakaja ku nsongo ya mâyi bua kutshibandisha.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Kusungula tshiamu tshia mayi tshidi tshipatuka bilondeshile muaba ne bintu bidi pa mutu patshi¶

Ingidija tshimfuanyi etshi bua kumanya njila mulelela wa kupatula bintu bilondeshile muaba uvua tshiamu tshia gallium tshipueka.

flowchart TD
    A["Dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku didi dimueneka pa ordinatere, pa portable, anyi pa tshiamu tshia mashinyi"] --> B{"Bukole bua nzembu buvuaku buenzeke kunyima kua dibutuka dia bintu anyi?"}
    B -->|"Eyowa: PC mmupangile bua kutuadija, mmuenze mudimu, anyi mmujike"| C["Kosa bukole bua AC ne bateri -> Umbusha tshiamu tshionso tshia mâyi -> Tangila biamu bia SMD bidi binyanguke ne multimètre mu mushindu wa Continuity/Diode kumpala kua kupingaja bukole"]
    B -->|"Tòo: Dibutuka dia bintu diakenzeka mu tshikondo tshia disangisha anyi tshia dilongolola"| D{"Tshiamu tshia gallium tshiakafika penyi?"}
    D -->|"Tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia PCB anyi GPU/CPU Die Surface"| E["Kunua bipese bia bungi ne tshintu tshia plastike tshidi katshiyi tshitambakana -> Wet-dab micro-spheres vertically with 99% IPA swab -> Coalesce and lift"]
    D -->|"Dense SMD Capacitors (CPU/GPU substrate anyi VRM)"| F["KUENA KUELA ku luseke to -> Muaba udi mâyi mapite bungi ne 99% IPA -> Kuela muulu ne tshiamu tshia foam tshidi ne nsongo -> Ela ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bintu bia ku nzembu ku bukole bukese"]
    D -->|"Munda mua LGA/AM5/AM4 CPU Socket anyi PCIe Slot"| G["KUKUPA bipese -> Ela mabue manene ne nsongo ya plastique wa 27G-30G -> Kubandisha bitekete bitekete bipese bikese ne IPA-wetted single brush filament muinshi mua 10x loupe"]
    D -->|"Muinshi mua tshiamu tshia BGA (VRAM, GPU Core, Southbridge)"| H["Teka tshilamba kakese ku muelelu mutambe buimpe -> Upuekesha tshitupa tshia kuinshi ne 99% IPA ku diambuluisha dia tshintu tshia kuela natshi bintu -> Ela tshiamu tshia plastike tshia 0.05 mm anyi tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kupatula mabue"]
    D -->|"Pa Heatsink Baseplate anyi Fin Stack"| I{"Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ntshienza ne tshiamu kayi?"}
    I -->|"Mukuba wa tshianana anyi mukuba muenza ne nikele"| J["BUALU BUA BUALU: Gallium udi wenza tshintu tshidi katshiyi ne njiwu tshia amalgam -> Sukula tshidi tshipita ne 99% IPA -> Sukula kakese ne tshintu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshiamu tshia 2000-grit tshia sandpaper tshitoke pikalatshi tshikole"]
    I -->|"Aluminium mupatula anyi muela"| K["NJIKI YA BIKOLE: Dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mayi -> Kusukula diakamue ne 99% IPA -> Kupula nsenga kule ne muaba udi mutoke -> Umbusha tshintu tshidi tshifila kapia pikala tshiamu tshinyanguka anyi tshinyanguka"]

Kumvua malu a fisike ne a biamu bia tshiamu tshia gallium¶

Bua kusukula tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshipatuka kakuyi kutshivuija tshibi misangu dikumi, udi ne tshia kumvua ngikadilu isatu idi yenza bua eutectic gallium-indium-tin (GaInSn, pa tshibidilu pabuipi ne 68,5 pa lukama ya gallium, 21,5 pa lukama ya indium, ne 10 pa lukama ya étain ku bujitu) idi yenza malu mashilangane bikole ne tshiamu tshia silicone anyi mercury:

1. Dikokesha dia nzembu dikole ne disangisha dia nzembu mikese¶

Biamu bia kapia bia pa tshibidilu (bu mudi Arctic MX-4, MX-6, Noctua NT-H1, anyi Kryonaut) bidi bikuata bintu bidi kabiyi bienza mudimu (aluminium oxide, zinc oxide, anyi boron nitride) munda mua tshintu tshidi tshikuata mafuta a silicone. Nansha wewe muele tshintu tshia pa tshibidilu pa biamu bia GPU bidi bimueneka patoke, bidi bienza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi tshikuba nzembu. Tshiamu tshia mayi, mu mushindu mushilangane, ntshiamu tshikezuke tshilengeja tshidi ne bukole bua kulombola nzembu bupite pa 3.1 million ya Siemens ku metre. Bualu bua biamu bia CPU bia matuku etu aa (bu mudi: AMD Ryzen AM5 tops, Intel Core substrates, ne laptop BGA dies) ne graphics card bidi binyunguluke silicon die ne makumi a 0201-size ne 0402-size decoupling capacitors miteka mutantshi wa 0.25 millimeters (0.25 millimeters (010)) pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia mitaku. dîsu dia patupu nedibueje tshitupa tshia njila muimpe ne tshitupa tshia panshi tshia tshiamu tshia capaciteur.

2. Difuka dia dikoba dia gallium-oxide dia lukasa (bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia mayi tshidi tshinyanguka padibu batshisukula)¶

Gallium mukezuke udi ne tshitupa tshia 29,76 degre Celsius (85,57 degre Fahrenheit), ne padibu bamusangisha ne indium ne étain, tshitupa tshiende tshia dinyeka tshidi tshipueka muinshi mua 10 degre Celsius (50 degre Fahrenheit). Padibu bapeta oxygène mu lupepele lua mu nzubu, tshitupa tshia pambelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienza mudimu mu tusekonde tukese bua kuenza dikoba dikole dia gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3) anu nanometre mikese:

• Padibu kabayi balenga: Ditompa didi dienza bu tshintu tshikese tshia mayi tshidi tshilamakaja pamue kudi bukole bua bungi bua munda (pabuipi ne 0.5 too ne ku 0.7 Newtons ku metre).
• Padibu bakupula: Wewe mukoka tshilamba tshiume anyi tshilamba tshia dibeji pa ditontolola, udi utshibula dikoba dia gallium-oxyde ne udi ufinya tshiamu tshia munda tshidi tshipatuke tshipiatshipia pa tshimuenekelu tshia tshiamu tshia PCB anyi tshia biamu bia ceramique. Dikoba dia oxide didi ditshibuka didi dishintuluka diakamue ne dilamakaja tshiamu tshidibu balengeje pa mutu patshi bu mudi peinture wa arjan mutoke, dishiya dipembu dia gris didi dienda ne binunu ne binunu bia tupese tukese.
• Bua tshinyi 99 pa lukama ya isopropyl alcohol (IPA) idi yenza mudimu: Nansha mudi isopropyl alcohol kayiyi inyanguka tshiamu tshia mitaku (biamu kabitu binyanguka mu maluvu to), kuwuja dibue ne 99 pa lukama dia IPA kudi kumbusha kapepe, kulengeja tshitupa tshidi muinshi mua dikoba dia gallium-oxyde, kukepesha dilamatangana dia mpala ne PCB, ne kuenza bua bipese bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bitangalake pamue (coalesce) mu tshintu tshimue tshidi tshikenka tshidi mua kubandishibua muulu.

3. Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku (LME) tshia aluminium ne disangisha dia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshiamu tshia mitaku¶

Gallium wa mu mayi udi wenza mudimu mu mushindu mushilangane ne biamu bidi munda mua ordinatere:

Mushindu wa kupatula bintu ku kakese ku kakese: Kusukula tshiamu tshia mayi ku PCBs ne SMDs¶

Enza mudimu muaba mutoke, udi kayi ne luya ne bintu ebi:

• Dibandisha: A 10x tshilamba tshia muenji wa mabwe a mushinga mukole, tshiamu tshia USB, anyi tshiamu tshia foto tshia ku bianza tshiteka pa 5x ku 8x zoom ne LED udi utema.
• Tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi: Tshiamu tshia Luer-lock tshia plastique tshifiike ne tshiamu tshia 1-millilitre tshidi tshifila ne tshiamu tshiebe tshia mâyi, anyi tshiamu tshia plastique tshikezuke.
• Tshiamu: 99% ya maluvu a isopropyl (IPA) (epuka 70% ya maluvu a dilengeja) ne tshibombi tshia tshintu tshia kusukula natshi bintu bia nzembu bidi kabiyi mua kukuata mu plastique.
• Bintu bia kuenza nabi mudimu: Bipese bia mu nzubu mutoke, bipese bia butoyi bikanga bikole, tshiamu tshia kupenta natshi tshia nylon, ne tshilamba tshia kupenta natshi tshia low-tack anyi tshia polyimide (Kapton).
• Dilongo dia kulama: Dilongo dia mabue anyi dikopo dia plastique dibuikila ne tshilamba tshia dibeji tshitoke bua kupatula mabue a gallium adibu basangisha.

Tshitupa 1: Dipuekesha dia mabeji a bungi (dipita dia dipuekesha diume)¶

1. Ela karte ka muaba udi mâyi apueka muinshi mua butoke bua mu nseke: Ela muendu mutoke pa PCB mu nseke mikese ya 15-degree. Mabue a tshiamu a mayi adi aleja butoke bu mudi tu-mashini tukese tua chrome, tudi tumueneka patoke kumpala kua tshilamba tshifiike anyi tshia vert. Tangila too ne ku 20 centimètres (8 inches) kule ne CPU anyi GPU socket, kusangisha ne munda mua RAM, M.2 slots, ne power connectors.
2. Aspirate tshintu tshionso tshinene kupita 0.5 millimeters (0.02 inches): Lamakaja tshintu tshifiike tshia plastike ku tshintu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, ela tshintu tshia kuela nabi luya panshi bua kupatula kapepe, tenga tshintu atshi bitekete bitekete ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia mâyi, ne ukoke tshintu atshi bitekete bitekete.
3. Wenza mudimu ne "mother-bead coalescence trick" bua flat puddles: Shi ditontolola dikese dibenga kubuela mu nsongo ya tshiamu tshia mitaku nkayadi, ela dibue dikese dia tshiamu tshia mayi pankatshi pa nsongo ya tshiamu tshieba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua dikale dilengeja ku tshiamu tshia mitaku, tenga dibue adi didi dilengeja ku ditoba didi dipatuke pa dibeji, ne ukoke tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu panyima. Bu mudi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikale ne buobumue bua bungi, ditontolola didi dipatuka didi dibuela mu dibue didi dilengeja ku mutu kua tshiamu tshiebe tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne dibuela munda.

Tshitupa 2: Kupatula bipese bikese bia SMD (CPU/GPU substrates)¶

Muaba udi ne njiwu ya bungi udi tshijengu tshia tu-mashini tukese tua tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshinyunguluke CPU anyi GPU wa portable, tshiamu tshia AMD Ryzen AM5 tshidi tshitangalaja kapia, tshiamu tshia Intel tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu, anyi tshiamu tshia PlayStation 5 APU.

1. Uja mulongo wa tshiamu tshia nzembu ne maluvu a isopropyl a 99 pa lukama: Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela nabi mâyi anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi bua kuteka matonyi 3 anyi 4 a 99 pa lukama a IPA buludiludi pa biamu bia SMD bidi ne bukoya bua bikale mu tshina tshia maluvu tshitoke.
2. Ela muulu ne tshiamu tshia foam tshidi ne IPA: Ela tshiamu tshia foam mu 99 pa lukama tshia IPA. Fina tshintu tshidi ne mâyi tshilulame panshi mu tshibandilu pa biamu bia capaciteur ne ubibandishe bululame mulu. Kukosa ku mutangile ku luseke, bualu ebu budi mua kukuata tshintu tshikese tshia 0201 ne kutshikosolola ku biamu biatshi bia disuika nabi bintu anyi kutshibula gallium mu bitupa bikese.
3. Usangishe bipese bikuata pankatshi pa bipese bia capacitor: Muinshi mua 5x ku 10x bua kubandisha, enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshimue tshia nylon tshipepele tshia ku broshe wa dikala dia mâyi (anyi tshintu tshia mutshi tshia menu tshikosa too ne ku tshitupa tshimpe ne tshibueja mu IPA wa 99 pa lukama) bua kupatula bitekete bitekete mabue a arjan a mu tshitupa tshikese tshidi pankatshi pa nsongo ibidi ya capaciteur mu tshina tshia maluvu tshidi tshiunzuluke. Padi bipese bikese bilengangana munda mua tshina tshia maluvu, bidi bibuela mu tshitupa tshinene tshiudi mua kubandisha buludiludi ne tshilamba tshia mâyi anyi kutshipuekesha ne tshintu tshia kuela natshi mâyi.
4. Umbusha bipese kunyima kua 3 to ne 4: Diakamue padi tshipese tshia tshipese tshipeta bitupa bia arjan, tshiele kule ne wangate tshipese tshipiatshipia. Kuenza kabidi mudimu ne tshiamu tshia bukoya kudi kupingaja tupese tukese pa biamu bia capaciteur bikezuke.

Tshitupa 3: Kupatula tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi muinshi mua biamu bia BGA (VRAM, GPU core, anyi chipset)¶

Shi tshiamu tshia mayi tshidi tshipatuka ku muelelu wa tshiamu tshia GPU anyi tshia tshiamu tshia PlayStation 5 ne tshibuela mu tshitupa tshia luya tshia 0.3-millimeter (0.012-inch) tshidi muinshi mua biamu bia GDDR6 VRAM bidi pabuipi anyi muinshi mua muelelu wa tshiamu tshia BGA, tshilamba tshia pa tshibidilu katshiena mua kufika to.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  FLUSHING GALLIUM BEADS FROM UNDERNEATH A BGA CHIP (VRAM / GPU)       |
|                                                                       |
|       [ Black BGA VRAM Chip ]                                         |
|       =======================                                         |
|        ( ) ( )  * <-- Trapped Gallium Bead between Solder Balls       |
|       ---------------------------------------------------------       |
|       [ Green/Black Fiberglass PCB ]                                  |
|                                                                       |
|  1. Tilt PCB at 30 degrees with a folded paper towel taped against    |
|     the lower exit edge of the BGA chip as a catch-dam.               |
|  2. Inject 99% Isopropyl Alcohol through the upper edge of the chip   |
|     using a blunt plastic syringe to float the oxide skin loose.      |
|  3. Slide a 0.05 mm strip of smooth Parchment Paper or Kapton film    |
|     soaked in 99% IPA through the under-chip gap to sweep beads out.  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Ela tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshikuata mâyi ku luseke lua dipatuka: Funda tshilamba tshia microfibre tshidi katshiyi ne nsuki anyi tshiamu tshia kafe tshidibu balengeje ne IPA wa 99 pa lukama ne utshifina bikole ku muelelu wa kuinshi kua tshiamu tshia BGA muaba uudi musue bua tshiamu tshia mâyi tshipatuke, bua mabue adibu balengeje kaayi mua kubuela mu tshiamu tshidi pabuipi.
2. Tenteka PCB ku 30-to-45-degree ne wela 99% ya IPA ku luseke lukuabu: Uwuje tshintu tshikezuke ne 99% ya maluvu a isopropyl, teka tshintu tshia kuela natshi mâyi ku tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia tshiamu tshia BGA, ne wela maluvu a bungi muinshi mua tshiamu atshi. Bu mudi maluvu a isopropyl ne bukole bukese (21.7 millinewtons ku metre), adi apita mu tshiamu tshia BGA tshia solder-ball grid ne apatula bipese bia gallium pa tshilamba tshiebe tshia kukuata natshi.
3. Komba tshitupa etshi ne dibeji dia 0.05-millimetre (0.002-inch) anyi tshitupa tshia filme wa polyimide: Kukosa tshitupa tshikese tshia 3-millimetre (0.12-inch) tshia dibeji dia mampa dia **silicone-coated baking paper, paper wa tshiamu tshia kufunda natshi mikanda, anyi tshilamba tshikese tshia polyimide tshia Kapton (tshidi tshilamakaja ku luseke) tshidi tshilamakaja ku luseke. Ela tshilamba etshi ne IPA wa 99 pa lukama, utshiele bitekete bitekete muinshi mua muelelu wa tshiamu tshia BGA pankatshi pa milongo ya mipinganyi ya tshiamu tshia solde, ne utshipatule mutangile ku tshilamba tshiebe tshia kukuata natshi. Tangila tshitupa tshidi muinshi mua dibandisha kunyima kua dipita dionso; enza kabidi ne bipese bipiabipia ne IPA too ne padi bipese bitanu bilondangana bipatuka kabiyi ne tutotshi tua arjan.
4. Wenza mudimu wa ndekelu wa disukula dia bintu bia kusukula nabi: Kuata tshiamu tshia 45-degree pa mutu pa tshitekelu tshia bintu bia bukoya ne upuekesha tshintu tshia kusukula natshi bintu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshikuata plastike mu tshitupa tshidi muinshi mua tshiamu bua kusukula bintu bidi bishale.

Tshitupa 4: Kupatula tshiamu tshia mitaku mu tshiamu tshia AMD AM5, AM4, anyi tshia Intel LGA¶

Shi ditontolola dia tshiamu tshia mayi dikuluke mu tshibuelelu tshia tshiamu tshia Intel LGA1700/LGA1851 anyi tshia AMD AM5 (tangila CPU mupatula ne heatsink anyi bipese bia socket bikoseka bua mechanics ya pin):

1. Kukoki tshintu nansha tshimue pa tshiamu tshia LGA: Mabeji a mukuba a beryllium-copper adi mu tshimfuanyi tshia J adi munda mua tshiamu tshia LGA adi anyanguka diakamue padiwu makuate.
2. Kuteka tshitekelu mu mashika kakese bua kukolesha dibue: Kuteka tshiamu tshia mamu tshidi katshiyi ne bukole munda mua tshibombi tshikanga tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka (ne bipese bia desiccant bua kupangisha dibuela dia mâyi) mu congelateur ku -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit) mu minite 45, nansha kulenga ditontolola mu tshitupa tshîpi ne nsongo ya mashika ya tshiamu tshia kusonga natshi mu mashika, bidi mua kuenza bua tshintu atshi tshikale tshintu tshia arjan tshikole tshiudi mua kubandisha buludiludi ku biamu bia kuela nabi bintu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi ne tshiamu tshia magnétique kuyi mutshikosolole mu bitupa bikese.
3. Dipatula dia mayi muinshi mua dibandisha: Shi udi upatula mu luya lua mu nzubu, ela 99% ya IPA ku diambuluisha dia eyedropper. Ingidija 30-gauge plastic IV catheter sheath pa syringe (anyi single nylon paintbrush bristle wetted with IPA) muele mu njila wa diagonal udi LGA pins uleja bua kukoka dibue dia arjan too ne ku nsongo ya pin mudi tshintu tshia foam tshidi mua kutshilenga ne kutshibandisha mu njila.

Kumbusha dikala dia gris oxide didi dishala pa tshilamba tshia PCB anyi pa tshiamu tshia mitaku¶

Panyima pa wewe mumane kumbusha tshiamu tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, udi mua kumona tshintu tshitoka tshitoka pa tshilamba tshia PCB, pa mibidi ya capacitor ya ceramique anyi pa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku.

• Pa bipese bia mashika bia mukuba anyi bia nikele: Dikala dia arjan-griy pa tshiamu tshia mitaku didi tshitupa tshikole tshia mukuba ne gallium (CuGa2). Katshiena ne bualu bubi to, ne kabiena bikengela kutshimbusha to. Shi udi upingana ku thermopaste wa pa tshibidilu ne musue tshintu tshimpe, ela ditontolola dia non-abrasive metal polish ku copper heatsink patshidibu bumbusha bionso ku PC, ulengeje ne tshilamba tshia microfibre, ne usukule ne 99% ya IPA.
• Pa PCB Solder Mask ne SMD Capacitors: Tshintu tshikese tshia gris tshidi pa PCB ntshimfuanyi tshia gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3) musambakaja ne bintu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bidi bikuata. Utshisukule pa kutokesha tshilamba tshia butoyi tshidi ne nsongo ne 99 pa lukama IPA, kuela tshilamba tshia tshilamba tshia nsongo panyima pa tshintu tshidi tshinyanguke (bu mudi tshiamu tshia lint roller pamutu pa kutshisukula), ne kuela tshilamba atshi panshi diakamue paditshi tshilua tshikunze. Enza kabidi ne bipese bipiabipia too ne padi tshilamba tshilua tshitoke ne tshilamba tshia kujika natshi tshilamba tshimueneka tshikezuke muinshi 10x dibandisha.

PlayStation 5 (PS5) ne tshiamu tshia ku bianza tshia manaya tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshipatuka¶

Biamu bia Sony bia PlayStation 5 ne biamu bia manaya bia mushinga mukole (bu mudi ASUS ROG Zephyrus, Strix SCAR, ne Alienware) bidi bifumina ku tshiapu ne tshiamu tshia mâyi pa APU anyi pa CPU tshinyunguluka kudi tshibumba tshia tshiamu tshia polyurethane tshidi tshiunyunguluka ne tshilamba tshia kukuba natshi pa mutu pa biamu bia SMD bidi binyunguluke.

1. Dimanya dia "PS5 Vertical Dry Spot" vs. Barrier Breach: Mu bule bua matuku, dienza dia thermal cycling pa PS5 anyi pa portable wa manaya didi mua kuenza bua tshiamu tshia mâyi tshidi pa tshiamu tshia silicon tshikale ne oxidation ne tshipingane panyima, tshishiya tshitupa tshiume tshia oxidation tshia gris-gris pa silicon crystal tshidi tshikebesha dijika dia kapia kakole. Bu mudi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshishala munda mua tshibuikilu tshifiike tshidi tshinyunguluke APU, katshiena **tshienze bua motherboard ikale muipi to: ela tshilamba tshia butoyi tshikezuke mu IPA wa 99 pa lukama, ela bitekete bitekete tshitupa tshia gris tshidi tshinyanguke pa tshiamu tshia silicon ne pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kutshibula tshitupa tshia oxide, ne upingaje tshiamu tshia mayi tshidiku pa bitupa bionso bibidi.
2. Bikala tshiamu tshia mayi tshia ku tshiapu tshitshibule tshina tshia foam pavuabu batshikosolola: Shi uvua mubandishe tshiamu tshia PS5 anyi tshia laptop ne tshiamu tshia mayi tshipatuke pambelu pa tshiamu tshia foam pa motherboard, londa tshitupa tshia 1 too ne tshia 3 tshidi kulu eku bua kupatula tshiamu tshionso tshia tshiamu, pashishe tangila tshiamu tshia foam tshia ku tshiapu kumpala kua kutshisangisha kabidi. Shi tshina tshia foam tshitapuluka, tshinyanguke, anyi tshibuikila ne gallium, pingaja tshiamu tshia foam (anyi ela bipese bibidi bia clear silicone conformal coating / Thermal Grizzly Shield barrier pa biamu bionso bia SMD bidi bimunyunguluke ne utshilekele tshikole munkatshi mua minite 30) kumpala kua kuela kabidi tshiamu tshia heatsink.

Dijadika dia kumpala kua nzembu: Diteta dia circuit muipi wa multimètre ne bia mvita bia tshibuikidiji¶

Kupingaji tshingoma tshia nzembu nansha kakese anu patupu. Anji jikija tshijadiki tshia malu a ku nzembu ne a ku mêsu tshia malu anayi aa:

1. The 10x Angled Flashlight Scan: Tangila tshitupa tshionso tshia CPU/GPU, bitupa bia VRM bidi pabuipi, miaba ya RAM, ne kunyima kua PCB muinshi mua 10x dibandisha dia bintu patudi tuenda ne tshiamu tshia LED tshidi tshikenka mu tshijengu tshia 360-degree. Bikalaku kakuyi tshintu tshidi tshikenka bu tshiamu tshia arjan, dilengeja dia bintu didi dijika.
2. Multimeter Continuity / Resistance Check Across Decoupling Capacitors: Teka tshiamu tshia digitale ku Continuity anyi Low Ohms (200 ohm tshitupa). Tenga tshiamu tshimua tshia tshiamu (bu mudi tshiamu tshia PCIe) ne tenga tshiamu tshikuabu ku ndekelu yonso ibidi ya biamu bia SMD muaba uvua dibutuka dienzeke:
3. Luseke lumue lua tshintu tshionso tshidi tshikosolola tshidi tshilamakaja ne buloba (0.0 to 0.5 ohms), eku luseke lukuabu ludi lulamakaja ne tshiamu tshia nzembu.
4. Tshiamu tshia GPU tshia mushinga mukole (NVVDD / VDDGFX) ne CPU Vcore njila ya mashinyi idi ne bukole bukese menemene bua kukandamena panshi (misangu ya bungi 0.4 to 2.5 ohms), nunku dibala dia ohm dikese pa biamu bia core didi diakane. Nansha nanku, 12V, 5V, 3.3V, ne 1.8V / 1.2V njila idi ne tshia kubala kubangila ku 20 ohms ku kilo-ohms ya bungi. Shi 12V anyi 3.3V njila udi ubala 0.0 ohms mufue pabuipi ne panshi, kudi anu tshibumba tshia tshiamu tshia mâyi tshisokome muinshi mua tshintu kampanda.
5. Uume bionso mu minite 60: Lekela tshilamba tshilengeja tshikale muinshi mua muendu wa mesa anyi ventilateur munkatshi mua minite 60 bua bintu bionso bidi muinshi mua bipese bia BGA bimane kujika bionso.
6. Ela tshilamba tshia kukuba natshi kumpala kua kuela kabidi tshiamu tshia mayi: Shi udi musue kutungunuka ne kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mayi, ela bipese bibidi bitekete bia Thermal Grizzly TG Shield, MG Chemicals 422C Silicone Conformal Coating, anyi ulengeje tshitupa tshionso ne tshilamba tshia polyiapton tshia luya lukole (K) bua wewe kubenga kuenza pompe mu matuku atshilualua kulenga bipese bia nzembu.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nansha mudi dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mitaku pa kazubu kadiyi ne nzembu dikale bualu bua tshimpitshimpi, circuit muipi wa nzembu udi pa karte ka graphique ka bukole bua bungi (450W ku 600W 12VHPWR rails) anyi biamu bia mudimu bia lithium-ion bidi mua kujula kapia ka bintu, muishi mubi, anyi luya lua batterie:

• États-Unis ne Canada: Bikila 911 diakamue pikala batterie wa PC anyi wa portable udi ne circuit muipi utuadija kuela kapia, kuela kapia anyi kubuela mu thermal runway. Bua dikoba, dîsu, anyi didia dia bintu bia gallium-indium-tin, bikila Poison Control ku 1-800-222-1222 (US) anyi 1-844-POISON-X / 1-844-764-7669 (Canada). Umanyishe njiwu ya kapia ka biamu bia nzembu kudi U.S. Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi bua bintu bia bantu badi basumba (CPSC) ku SaferProducts.gov.
• Royaume-Uni: Bikila ku 999 (anyi 112) bua kapia ka nzembu anyi bua njiwu ya bateri. Bua kupeta mibelu ya malu adi kaayi a njiwu, bikila NHS 111 bua kupeta buludiki bua National Poisons Information Service (NPIS).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu: Ela 112 mu matunga onso adi mu matunga a ku Mputu bua kapia ne malu a luondapu. Bintu bia kapia bidibu bapana mu UE bidi ne REACH / CLP Regulation (EC No 1272/2008) Safety Data Sheet (SDS) udi uleja mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne gallium alloy.
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande bua mudimu wa kapia anyi wa njiwu. Bua kupeta disama dia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia tshiamu, bikila Centre wa malu a buanga wa mu Australie ku nimero eyi: 13 11 26 anyi Centre wa malu a buanga wa mu Nouvelle-Zélande ku nimero eyi: 0800 764 766.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique: Ela 112 mu India (anyi 101 bua kapia), 119 mu Japon ne mu Corée du Sud, anyi 995 mu Singapour. Tangila tshilaminu tshietu tshijima tshia nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne njiwu bua kutshilenga ne bianza bitupu anyi kutshipuekesha anyi?¶

Biamu bia mudimu bia mushinga mukole (bu mudi: Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, ne tshiamu tshia PS5/ASUS ROG tshia mu tshiapu) mbintu bia eutectic bia gallium, indium, ne étain bidi kabiyi binyanguka ne kabiyi ne mercury anyi plomb udi ne buanga to. Kabiena bipatula luya lukole mu nzubu anyi mu ordinatere ne kabitu bibuela mu dikoba dimpe to, nansha mudi mikanda ya malu a bukubi ilomba bua kuvuala bianza bia nitrile bualu gallium udi utokesha mafuta a dikoba diakamue ne ushiya tshintu tshia oxide tshikunze. Sukula kikoba na nsabanga, mayi a luya, ne maluvu a kusukula nawu kunyima kua dikuma.

Ntshinyi tshidi tshienzeka pikala tshintu tshikese tshia tshiamu tshia mayi tshilenga tshiamu tshia aluminium anu mu masekonde 10?¶

Shi tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikuluka pa tshiamu tshia anod anyi tshia aluminium tshilengeja ne udi utshisukula ne 99% ya maluvu a isopropyl mu tusunsa 10 anyi 30 kumpala kua kutshikosa mu tshitupa tshia oxide tshidi tshikuba, tshiamu tshia kapia katshiena tshinyanguka to. Ino, shi tshiamu tshia gallium tshisombe pa tshiamu tshia aluminium tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu ne tshishiya tshitupa tshifiike anyi tshina tshitekete, tshiamu tshia gallium tshikadi tshituadije kutangalaka mu mikalu ya ntete ya aluminium ku diambuluisha dia Liquid Metal Embrittlement, ne tshitupa atshi tshia aluminium tshidi ne bua kuikala tshilekeledibua bualu bujalame buatshi nebunyanguke mu mêba 24 too ne ku 72 adi alonda.

Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshianyi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshiakalua arjan mutoke muaba uvua tshiamu tshia mâyi tshimulenga, ne tshiakanyanga tshiamu tshianyi tshia mashika anyi?¶

Dikala dia arjan-griy mutoke pa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia CPU cooler anyi pa tshiamu tshia laptop tshidi tshimpe ne katshiena tshinyanga tshiamu tshia mashika to. Gallium udi wenza mudimu ne mikrometre mikese ya tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kuenza tshitupa tshikole tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne gallium (`CuGa2`), udi ushala ne bukole bua luya ne kena wenza bua se bintu binyanguke bu mudi aluminium wenza to. Ubwanya kushiya dikala dia arjan anu mudidi ne kuela tshintu tshipiatshipia tshia kapia pa mutu patshi, anyi kulengeja tshitupa tshionso tshidi tshinyanguke ne dibeji dia nsenga dia 2000-grit kumpala kua kusukula ne maluvu a isopropyl a 99 pa lukama.

Ndi mua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bua kukoka tshiamu tshia mayi tshidi tshipatuka ku karte kanyi anyi?¶

Kuena mua kulenga tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mâyi tshia mu nzubu ku karte ka mama, ku karte ka graphique anyi ku tshibuelelu tshia CPU bua kusukula tshiamu tshia mâyi to. Lupepele ludi luenda lubilu lupita mu tshiamu tshia plastike ludi lupatula binunu bia volt ya Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) idi mua kubutula transistor ya CMOS mu tshimpitshimpi, eku lubilu lukole lua dikoka ludi lukosolola biamu bia capaciteur anyi LGA socket pins bia pa mutu pa tshiamu ne luela tshiamu tshia mâyi munda menemene. Misangu yonso enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mâyi tshia lubilu lukese ne tshintu tshikese tshia plastique tshidi ne nsongo mikole ne biamu bia alcool bia isopropyl bia 99 pa lukama.

Ngakatemesha ordinatere wanyi anyi portable wanyi ku mpukapuka ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshivua tshipatuke ne tshiakajima diakamue. Mmufue kashidi anyi?¶

Kabiena bikengela to, bualu biamu bia matuku etu aa bidi bifila nzembu ne biamu bia kulombola nabi nzembu (VRM) bidi ne bintu bidi bikuba ku nzembu mipite bungi (OCP) ne bidi bikuba ku nzembu muipi (SCP) bidi binyanguka mu tusekonde tukese padi tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshifika panshi. Diakamue, umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu ne bateri, umbusha tshintu tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia mâyi ku diambuluisha dia protocole wa 99 pa lukama wa isopropyl alcohol flush, lekela tshiamu tshiume munkatshi mua dîba dimue, ne teta njila ya capacitor mifupike ne tshiamu tshia multimètre kumpala kua kuteta bua kutuadija kabidi mudimu.

Ntshinyi tshidi tshimpe tshia zero-spill pa muaba wa tshiamu tshia mâyi tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe menemene pa GPU ne pa laptop idi kayiyi ne tshintu?¶

Shi udi musue kuikala ne luya lukola ne kuikala ne bukole bua kupatuka pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku pa GPU idi kayiyi ne tshintu, pa biamu bia manaya bia ku bianza, anyi pa biamu bia ku bianza kabiyi ne njiwu ya circuit muipi wa nzembu anyi dinyanguka dia aluminium, enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi tshishintulula tshitupa tshia nzembu bu mudi Honeywell PTM7950 (anyi Thermal Grizzly PhaseSheet PTMS / Kyography Pads). Honeywell PTM7950 kena ulombola nzembu 100 pa lukama, udi mukole mu luya lua nzubu bua kumuteka bipepele, ne udi unyunguluka mu tshintu tshitekete tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe kupita 45 degrés Celsius (113 degrés Fahrenheit).

Malu adi apetangana¶

• CPU mupatula ne heatsink anyi bipese bia socket bikoseka
• Dilongolola dia PC dia pa buadi ne disungula dia dipatuka dia tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mayi
• Dinyanguka dia GPU ne dinyanguka dia bintu
• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries): IPC-7711/7721 Rework, Modification and Repair of Electronic Assemblies ne IPC-J-STD-001 Requirements for Soldered Electrical Assemblies (Solvant compatibility and conductive foreign object debriges in specific standards).
• Thermal Grizzly GmbH (EC 1907/2006 REACH): Conductonaut Gallium-Indium-Tin Eutectic Thermal Compound Safety Data Sheet (Mudimu, didimuija dia dipanga dia aluminium, ne dilengeja dia maluvu a isopropyl).
• ASM International: ASM Handbook Volume 13A: Corrosion - Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) of Aluminum Alloys by Gallium (Grain-boundary diffusion mechanics of liquid gallium on aluminium vs. copper intermetallic formation).
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL): UL 62368-1 Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Safety Requirements (Short-circuit protection and electrical clearance standards on printed wiring boards).
• Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA): NFPA 70B Standard for Electrical Equipment Maintenance (Dijimija dia nzembu, dikuba dia bintu bia kuenza nabi mudimu, ne dipuekesha dia njiwu ya circuit muipi).