Bateri wa mashinyi mufue mu tshikondo tshia mashika: bulombodi bua kutuadija¶

Mashinyi adi atuta, adila, anyi kaayi enza bualu nansha bumue mu dinda dia mashika adi misangu yonso ne lutatu lua bateri. Mashika adi akolesha mafuta a motere ne adi atekesha tshienzedi tshia munda mua bateri mu tshikondo tshimue tshidi motere dijinga ne bukole bua bungi bua kunyunguluka. Mukanda ewu udi ukuleja mua kutuadija mashinyi bimpe mu mashika, mushindu wa kumanya dîba diudi kuyi ne bua kuteta bua kututa, ne tshiudi mua kuenza padi kututa kakuyi kukumbana.

Bintu ebi bidi ne mushinga bualu tshibangidilu tshienza mu bulongame bubi tshidi mua kujula kapia pabuipi ne bateri udi upatula gaz wa hydrogène udi utema kapia. Bateri udi ne mashika anyi munyanguke udi kabidi mua kunyanguka bikole. Enza mudimu bitekete bitekete, ikala ulama mêsu ebe ne bianza biebe, ne ikala ne luya luebe mu lungenyi, bualu kuimana mu lupepele ne bianza bitupu kudi kabidi ne njiwu. Wewe mu njila mudi mashinyi a bungi anyi mu tshipepele tshikole, bukubi buebe budi ne mushinga kumpala kua mashinyi.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Ikala mushindike ne: udi muaba wa bukubi. Shi udi mu njila nansha mu mashinyi, ela minda ya njiwu, patuka mu njila wa mashinyi pikala mashinyi mua kukuluka, ne ikala kule ne mashinyi adi enda. Shi udi umvua bibi anyi mvula mubi, ikala mu mashinyi ne ubikile diambuluisha ku diambuluisha dia nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) shi udi mu njiwu, anyi ubikile muntu udi ukuambuluisha ku njila pikala kuyi mu njiwu. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi bua matunga makuabu.
2. Jima bintu bionso bia nzembu: nzembu ya kumpala, luya lua kapia, rédio, kapia ka nkuasa, ne biamu bia kuela nabi kapia. Teka mashinyi muaba wa kuimanyika (anyi neutre ne frein wa kuimanyika bua kuenza mudimu ne tshianza) ne kujima tshifungu.
3. Tangila bateri kumpala kua kulenga tshintu nansha tshimue. Shi tshibombi tshidi tshikola, tshipanduluke, tshipatuka, anyi tshikole, anyi shi udi umvua mupuya wa mayi mabole, kutshituadija to. Bikila diambuluisha dia ku muelelu kua njila pamutu pa nanku.
4. Tangila mukanda anyi tshibuikidiji tshia kazubu ka fuse bua kumanya miaba mimpe ya kutuluka. Imue mashinyi idi ne tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi mashinyi tshidi kule ne bateri, ne ma bateri makuabu adi mu tshibombi tshia mashinyi.
5. Lamakaja nkamba mu bulongame buimpe (budi bumvuije kuinshi eku), tuadija mashinyi a mufidi, windile minite mikese, pashishe teta mashinyi adi mafue. Umbusha nkamba mu bulongame bua tshianana ne ikala wenza mudimu ne motere pashishe.
6. Bikala mashinyi kaayi mua kutuadija kunyima kua diteta misangu ibidi anyi isatu, imana. Kuenza mudimu misangu ne misangu mu mashika kudi mua kunyangakaja motere anyi kuenza bua tshiamu tshia kutuadija natshi mudimu tshikale ne kapia kakole, nunku ndaku ku tshitupa tshia dijikija dia bilumbu tshidi kuinshi eku.

Bua tshinyi ma bateri adi anyanguka mu mashika¶

Bateri wa mashinyi udi ne aside wa plomb udi wenza nzembu ku diambuluisha dia tshienzedi tshia tshimfuanyi, ne tshienzedi etshi tshidi tshienda tshikepela padi luya luenda lupueka. Tshisumbu tshia mashinyi tshia mu Amerike (AAA) tshidi tshiamba ne: bateri udi ujimija tshia bisatu tshia bukole buende padiku mashika, 0 degre Celsius (32 degre Fahrenheit), ne pabuipi ne 60 pa lukama padiku 18 degre Celsius (0 degre Fahrenheit). Mu tshikondo atshi, mafuta a motere adi ne mashika adi makole, nunku tshiamu tshia kutuadija natshi motere tshidi ne bua kuenza mudimu mukole bua kukudimuna motere. Bateri udi ne bintu bikese bia kufila anu padi motere ulomba bia bungi.

Bidimu ke bualu bunene budi busokoka. Ma bateri a bungi a mashinyi adi ashala bidimu bisatu anyi bitanu, ne bateri uvua mutekete mu muvu wa été udi mua kunyanguka mu mashika makole a kumpala. Ngendu mikese idi yenza bualu bubi menemene, bualu tshiamu tshia alternateur katshiena ne dîba dia kuwuja tshivua tshiamu tshia mbangilu tshienza natshi mudimu to. Kushiya minda, tshiamu tshia foto, anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu butuku bujima kudi mua kujimija bateri mutekete nansha padiku luya lukole.

Bimanyinu bidi bileja ne: bateri udi pabuipi ne kujika bidi ne:

• Motere udi unyunguluka bitekete bitekete, ne mutoyi wa "rur rur rur" mutekete.
• Miendu ya kumpala idi mitekete padiyi kayiyi yenza mudimu ne idi ikenka paudi wenda unyungulula motere.
• Muendu wa didimuija dia bateri anyi wa dicharge udi ushala muteme anyi utema.
• Tshibombi tshia bateri tshiuwule, dinyanguka didi dimueneka bu tshitupa tshitoka anyi tshia bule pa biamu bia mudimu, anyi mupuya wa diyi dibole.
• Bateri udi ne bidimu bipite pa binayi anyi bitanu ne ki mbanji kuteta to.

Batterie mu mashika umueneka mushindu kayi¶

Bateri muwule tente udi ne bukole bua kuenza mashika, bualu aside udi munda udi ne tshitupa tshia mashika tshikese menemene. Bateri udi kayi ne bukole udi bualu bukuabu. Padi bukole buenda bupueka, mayi adi asemena pabuipi ne mayi, ne adi mua kuikala mashika mu luya lua 0 degre Celsius (32 degre Fahrenheit). Padi mayi akola adi akola, bidi mua kutshibula tshibombi anyi kunyangakaja bipese bia munda.

Shi udi wela meji ne: batterie udi ne mashika, keba tshibombi tshidi tshipatuke anyi tshienza bu kazubu, miaba idi mipatuke anyi mâyi adi apatuka. Shi bateri udi ne bipese bidi mua kumbushibua udi mua kumona mabue a mashika, kadi kukangula bipese padiku njiwu to. Tangila bateri udi mupatuke, mupanduluke, anyi udi upatuka bu udi kauyi muimpe bua kututa anyi kuela charge. Lekela mumanyi wa mudimu apingaje.

Kumpala kua wewe kutuadija: angata dipangadika ni udi ne tshia¶

Kutuadija mudimu udi pa tshibidilu, kadi ki mmudimu muimpe misangu yonso to. Mulongo wa malu udi kuinshi eku udi ukuambuluisha bua kuangata dipangadika mu minite mikese.

Udi kabidi ne tshia kuimana ne kupeta diambuluisha mu malu aa:

• Kuena mua kupeta bateri anyi miaba ya kutuluka ne mukanda wa dilongesha kawenaku to.
• Mashinyi adi mashinyi a nzembu anyi a hybride. Ba bungi badi ne bateri mukese wa 12 volt udi mua kupitshila mu miaba ya pa buayi, kadi bafumbi ba bungi batu bafila madimuija masunguluke. Bala mukanda wa kumpala. Tangila tshingoma tshia mashinyi a nzembu tshidi tshikanga bua buludiki bua mashinyi a nzembu.
• Nsinga anyi biamu bia kukanga nabi bidi bitekete, bipanduluke, anyi bidi ne tshintu tshidi tshikuba nzubu tshinyanguke.
• Udi muimane mu neje mikole, mu tshina tshia mâyi, anyi pabuipi ne mashinyi adi kaayi mua kuepuka to.
• Motoka yonso udi ne mukanda udi wamba ne: kuena ne bua kuwutuadija to. Imue mashinyi a matuku etu aa adi ne bintu bia nzembu anyi bia kuimanyika nkayawu adi ne mikenji ya pa buayi.

Fuanyikija malu audi mua kusungula¶

Tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi tshia ku makasa ntshintu tshimpe tshia ku nzubu bualu tshidi tshimbusha dijinga dia mashinyi makuabu. Tangila ni badi bafuta kunyima kua ngondo mikese. Mashika adi kabidi ajimija bintu bia lithium, nunku ubilame munda mua tshilamba tshiebe anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi mu matuku adi mashika makole pamutu pa kubishiya mu tshibombi butuku bujima.

Mushindu kayi wa kutuadija mashinyi bimpe¶

Udi dijinga ne nkamba ya jumper mile mikumbane bua kufika pankatshi pa ma batterie abidi, mashinyi a kufila adi ne batterie muimpe wa voltage wa muomumue (12 volt bua mashinyi onso), ne bimpe menemene bilamba bia ku bianza ne bia kukuba nabi mêsu. Nsinga idi ne tshia kuikala ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole ne bikunyibua bikezuke. Imanyika mashinyi a mufidi pabuipi bua se nkamba ifike kadi kayiyi ilenga mashinyi adi mafue, bidi mua kuenza njila wa nzembu udi kauyi mulongolola.

Dikasa ku dikasa¶

1. Jima mashinyi onso abidi, teka frein ya mashinyi, ne umbusha nshinga yonso ibidi mu tshiamu tshia kutemesha natshi kapia. Jima minda yonso ne bintu bionso bia mu mashinyi onso abidi.
2. Kangula bifulu bionso bibidi (bonnets). Keba batterie anyi tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi ku bule. Mashinyi adi ne bateri muinshi mua nkuasa anyi mu tshibuta tshia mashinyi atu misangu ya bungi ne bimanyinu muinshi mua tshilamba tshia mashinyi.
3. Tangila tshitupa tshimpe, tshimanyishibua ne tshimanyishilu tshia kusakidila ne pa tshibidilu tshilamba tshikunze, ne tshitupa tshibi, tshimanyishibua ne tshimanyinu tshia dijimija. Bikala bipese bia mudimu binyanguke, ubisukule ne tshilamba tshiume paudi muvuale bianza.
4. Lamakaja tshiamu tshimue tshikunze (tshimpe) ku ndekelu kua batterie mufue.
5. Lamakaja tshiamu tshikuabu tshikunze ku ndekelu kua batterie wa mufidi.
6. Lamakaja tshiamu tshimue tshifiike (tshibi) ku tshibuelelu tshibi tshia bateri wa mufidi.
7. Lamakaja tshiamu tshia ndekelu tshifiike ku tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi katshiyi tshilengeja, kule ne bateri ne kule ne bitupa bidi bienda anyi mionji ya esanse. Tshintu tshidi pa tshiamu tshia motere anyi tshiamu tshidi tshienza mudimu. Badi babikila bualu ebu ne: grounding, ne budi bulama kapia ka ndekelu kule ne gaz wa batterie.
8. Enza bua nkamba kayiyi ne mikaba, ventilateur ne pulleys. Tuadija mashinyi a mufidi ne ulekela enda munkatshi mua minite ibidi anyi itanu, anyi ikala ne motere mu tshitupa tshia minite umue anyi ibidi bikala mukanda wa dilongesha uanyisha.
9. Teta kutuadija mashinyi adi mafue. Bikalabi bibanga, lekela mashinyi onso abidi enda mu minite mikese. Bikalabi anu bikuma anyi bienda bitekete bitekete, windile kabidi minite mikese ne mashinyi adi afila mapa enda ne uteta kabidi.
10. Padi mashinyi adi mafue enda, umbusha nkamba mu bulongame bujalame: tshifiike tshia ku tshiamu tshidi tshiteka panshi, tshifiike tshia ku bateri wa mufidi, mutoke wa ku bateri wa mufidi, mutoke wa ku bateri uvua mufue kumpala. Kulekedi bipese bia kukanga nabi bikuatangana anyi tshiamu nansha tshimue padi nsongo yonso itshidi milamakaja.

Bua tshinyi bulongame budi ne mushinga¶

Masangisha asatu a kumpala adi ne njiwu mikese, kadi malanda a ndekelu adi mua kuenza bualu bukese. Shi kapia aka kafika ku ndekelu kua bateri mufue, kadi mua kutemesha gaz wa hydrogène udi upatuka mu bipese bia bateri. Kuteka pa tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu kule ne bateri kudi kumvuija ne: kapia konso kadi mua kuenzeka muaba udi kauyi ne njiwu. Tangila dibutuka dia bateri wa mashinyi, dishintuluka dia polarite ne dijima dia aside wa bateri bua kumanya malu makuabu adi mua kunyanguka.

flowchart TD
    A["Motoka kena mua kubanga mu mashika to"] --> B["Tangila batterie bua kumona ni udi ne tshintu tshidi tshipatuka, tshidi tshipatuka, tshidi tshipatuka"]
    B -->|"Munyanguke anyi mu mashika"| C["Kutumbi to. Bikila diambuluisha dia ku muelelu kua njila"]
    B -->|"Bidi bimueneka bia pa tshibidilu"| D["Jima nzembu yonso mu mashinyi onso abidi"]
    D --> E["Mukunze kudi mufue muimpe, mukunze kudi mufidi muimpe"]
    E --> F["Tshintu tshifiike kudi mufidi wa bintu, tshifiike kudi tshiamu tshia patupu pa mashinyi mafue"]
    F --> G["Enza mashinyi a mufidi wa mapa mu minite mikese"]
    G --> H{"Mashinyi adi mafue adi atuadija anyi?"}
    H -->|"Eyowa"| I["Umbusha nkamba mu bulongame bua tshianana ne ikala wenza mudimu ne motere"]
    H -->|"Tòo kunyima kua mateta 2 anyi 3"| J["Kwimanyika. Tangila malu makuabu anyi ubikile diambuluisha"]
    I --> K["Endesha mashinyi minite 30 anyi enza mateta a batterie"]

Panyima pa mashinyi mamane kutuadija¶

Kujimi mashinyi diakamue to. Bateri mmujike ne udi dijinga ne kuela kabidi makanda, ne kuimana tshitupa tshîpi mu tshisalu anyi mu tshisalu kudi mua kukushiya kabidi mu tshitupa. Wewa mua kuendesha mashinyi mu minite 30, mbimpe wenda lubilu lukole pamutu pa kuimana ne kuya mu mashinyi, ne ikala ne bintu bia bungi bia nzembu bu mudi: dididishi dia panyima didi ne kapia, biamu bia kuenza nabi kapia mu nkuasa, ne tshiamu tshia nzembu bikalaku mushindu.

Enza mateta a batterie ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mudimu diakamue. Mashinyi a bungi a bintu bia mashinyi ne nzubu ya mashinyi adi ateta ma batterie tshianana anyi ku mushinga mukese. Diteta didi dikuambila ni batterie udi mua kulama charge ne ni alternateur udi wenza mudimu.

Shi muendu wa didimuija dia batile ushala mutema kunyima kua dibutuka, alternateur udi mua kuikala tshilema tshilelela, ne mashinyi adi mua kuimana kabidi padi batile mumane kujika. Tangila dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia nzembu, muendu wa didimuija dia bateri ne dijimija dia nzembu butuku bua tshia kuenza.

Bimanyinu bidi bileja ne: lutatu kaluena lua batterie to¶

Kutuadija lukasa kakuakulongolola malu onso to. Tablo udi ulonda udi wambuluisha bua kutapulula ntatu ya bateri ne malu makuabu adi akebesha dibenga kutuadija mu mashika.

Tshia kuenza pikala mashinyi kaayi mua kutuadija¶

Shi uvua mutete bua kutuadija mudimu bimpe ne motere kena wenza mudimu to, epuka bua kuenza mudimu mutantshi mule kupita pa sekonde dikumi musangu umua. Kuenza mudimu mutantshi mule pa motere udi ne mashika kudi kuenza bua tshiamu tshia kutuadija natshi mudimu tshipite bungi ne kujimija bukole buonso budi mashinyi adi afila. Imanyina kakese pankatshi pa mateta.

Tangila kumpala malu a nshindamenu:

• Ikala mujadike ne: biamu bia kukanga nabi nkamba bidi bisuma tshiamu tshikezuke. Tshitupa tshikese tshia dinyanguka tshidi mua kuimanyika bukole bua kuenda. Kunyungulula bipese bikese bua kulengeja dipetangana.
• Tangila ni bipese bia bateri bia mashinyi adi mafue mbikole. Tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi katshiyi tshienza mudimu tshidi mua kufikisha ku dipanga dia mudimu didi dimueneka bu bateri mufue.
• Ikala mushindike ne tshiamu tshia kusungula natshi mashinyi tshidi mu parking anyi mu neutre. Mashinyi a bungi kaena mua kutuadija mu lubilu to.
• Tangila bungi bua mafuta. Tshina tshidi pabuipi ne munda mutupu mu muvu wa mashika tshidi tshilomba luya ne, mu mashika makole, tshina tshia mafuta tshidi tshilua mashika. Lama tshina tshiuwule nansha tshitupa mu muvu wa mashika.
• Shi udi umvua mupuya wa mafuta, lekela kuenza mudimu ne kutungunuka ne kuteta to. Lupepele lua mafuta adi pabuipi ne kapia ludi ne njiwu.

Shi bipimu abi kebikwasha, lutatu ludi mua kuikala tshintu tshikuabu pa kumbusha nzembu. Bikila diambuluisha dia ku muelelu kua njila, ikala ne luya, ne kuepuka dijimija dia mafuta a mashinyi a mufidi wa mapa. Bua kujikija bilumbu bia ku njila, bala dilongolola dia lukasa dia ku muelelu kua njila ne dijikija dia bilumbu.

Shi tshiibi tshieba anyi tshiibi ke tshidi ne lutatu¶

Imue misangu mashinyi atu amueneka bu mafue bualu bateri wa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mashinyi mmufue mu mashika, anyi bualu biibi mbikole. Mashinyi adi atuadija ne butone adi misangu ya bungi ne muaba wa kukuatshisha bua kulama fob pabuipi ne butone bua kutuadija. Tangila batterie wa tshifungu mmufue bua mushindu wa kubuela ne kutuadija mashinyi, ne biibi bia mashinyi, makunji ne madidishi bua biibi bikanga ne makunji.

Ikala mu bukubi paudi windila mu mashika¶

Wewe kuyi mua kuya ne diambuluisha didi mu njila, udilame kumpala. Ikala munda mua mashinyi pikalabi bimpa, uvuale bilamba biebe bionso bia pambelu, ne ufuke mutu webe. Lama telefone webe ne luya, bualu mashika adi ajimija ma batterie a telefone lukasa. Bikala mashinyi mashale mu njila, ikala ne miendu ya njiwu miteme anu pikala bateri mua kulama bukole, ne wenze nayi mudimu mu tshitupa tshîpi padi mashinyi asemena.

Kuendeshi mashinyi nansha kakese mu nzubu wa mashinyi mukanga paudi ukeba bua kudia. Monoxide de carbone udi udiunda mu minite mikese. Shi udi mupangile mu njila wa mu muvu wa mashika mutantshi mule, bala mushikile mu mashinyi mu tshipepele tshikole tshia mu muvu wa mashika kumpala kua wewe kuangata dipangadika dia mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne motere ne tshiamu tshia kapia.

Kupangisha batterie mufue mu muvu wa mashika udi ulonda¶

Dilongolola dikese didi dipangisha dinyanguka dia bateri mu tshikondo tshia mashika. Enza mateta a batterie kumpala kua mashika a kumpala, nangananga pikalaye ne bidimu bipite pa bisatu. Sukula tshintu tshionso tshidi tshinyanguka ku biamu bia mudimu ne tshintu tshidibu basangisha ne bicarbonate de soude ne mâyi, sukula ne mâyi makese mimpe, ne uume. Vwala bipese bia bianza ne bintu bia kukuba nabi mêsu, ne ikala ne bintu ebi kule ne peinture.

Bibidilu bikuabu bidi biambuluisha:

• Teka mashinyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi, muaba wa mashinyi, anyi muaba wa tshisokomenu paudi ne mushindu. Nansha bipimu bikese bidi mua kuenza dishilangana.
• Enza ngendu mile misangu ne misangu bua alternateur ikale mua kukumbaja batterie.
• Jima minda, ventilateur, ne bintu bikuabu kumpala kua wewe kujima motere.
• Ikala ne tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi tshidi ne charge ne nkamba ya jumper ya bujitu.
• Ela meji bua tshiamu tshia kulama natshi bateri (tshiamu tshia kuela natshi) pikala mashinyi ashala matuku a bungi.
• Shi udi musombele muaba udi luya lushala muinshi mua mashika, webeja nzubu wa mashinyi bua tshilamba tshia batterie anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi motere. Mu miaba ya bungi idi ne mashika, biamu bia kukanga nabi kapia ne biamu bia kuela nabi mashika bidi bitamba kuikalaku.
• Pingaja bateri udi pabuipi ne ku ndekelu kua muoyo wende kumpala kua muvu wa mashika, ki mpanyima yeye mumane kunyanguka to.

Tangila tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa mashika ne tshikebelu tshia mashinyi kumpala kua muvu wa mashika bua tshibidilu tshijima tshia kumpala kua muvu wa mashika.

Bilumbu bia pa buabi¶

Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshituadija¶

Mashinyi a ku bianza adi mua kutuadija imue misangu pa kuwukunguluja, kadi etshi ke tshia ndekelu. Udi dijinga ne muaba mupepele anyi mupuekele kakese, mutoke, wa pa nkayebe ne muambuluishi umue. Teka tshifungu, fina embrayage panshi, sungula vitesse muibidi, ulekela frein, ne lomba bakuatshishi bua kukuma.

Padi mashinyi afika ku lubilu lua kuenda anyi lua kunyema, uleke embrayage lukasa ne motere udi ne bua kukuata. Kutetshi bualu ebu mu njila wa bantu bonso, pa mabue a mashika anyi ne mashinyi adi enda nkayawu to. Kutuadija mudimu kudi kabidi kunyanga tshiamu tshia catalytic convertisseur pikala motere muwule tente ne esanse udi kayi muoshe.

Motere ya diesel¶

Mashinyi a dizele atu misangu ya bungi ne ma bateri manene ne buji idi ikengedibua bua sekonde mikese ya kukaja. Bindile bua muendu wa glow plug ujike kumpala kua kutuadija. Mashika adi kabidi akolesha mafuta a diesel, nunku mona dienza dia mazutu a mazutu ne mashika a DEF mu muvu wa mashika Shi dienza dia mudimu didi diakane kadi motere kena mua kuenza mudimu to.

Tshibangidilu tshia kuimanyika ne tshiamu tshia hybride¶

Imue mashinyi idi ne tshiamu tshia automatique tshidi tshituadija mudimu idi yenza mudimu ne batterie wa pa buawu udi dijinga ne mushindu kampanda wa kuela charge. Imue mashinyi a hybride ne a nzembu itu yenza mudimu ne bateri mukese wa 12 volt bua kujula tshiamu tshia voltage wa bungi, ne bateri mukese mufue udi umvuija ne: mashinyi adi amueneka bu mafue bikole. Tangila mukanda wa muena nzubu bua kupeta miaba ya kutuluka ne madimuija onso, ne kuedi meji to. Paudi ne mpata, bikila bantu badi bakuambuluisha ku njila.

Motoka ne mashinyi makuabu¶

Pa tshibidilu udi mua kututa moto ku bateri wa mashinyi, kadi kuenzeji motere wa mashinyi padiye mulamakaja to, bualu alternateur wa mashinyi udi mua kubandisha bateri mukese wa moto. Wenza mudimu ne bulongame bua muomumue ne ikala ne dilamakaja dikese.

Kubikila diambuluisha dia ku muelelu kua njila¶

Diambuluisha dia ku njila ki ndipangile to. I dibikila diakane padi batterie munyanguke, tshikondo tshikole, udi mu njila wa lubilu, anyi mateta abidi a kutuluka mapangile. Baendeshi ba mashinyi ba bungi badi ne tshibuikidiji tshia ku njila kupitshila kudi bena assurance, tshisumbu tshia bendeshi ba mashinyi, karte ka mfranga, anyi muenji wa mashinyi, nunku tangila kumpala kua wewe kufuta bua kukoka mashinyi.

Ikala ne ngumu eyi paudi ubikila:

• Muaba weba mulelela: dina dia njila, njila udi pabuipi, tshimanyishilu tshia kilometre anyi kilometre, anyi njila idibu baleje ku karte ka telefone webe.
• Tshimfuanyi, tshilejelu, dikala, ne dibeji dia mashinyi.
• Tshivua mashinyi menze pauvua uteta bua kuatuadija: kuela tshianza, kuenza mudimu bitekete bitekete, kuikala mupuwe anyi anu kutemesha.
• Nansha wewe muikale muaba wa bukubi, ne nansha muntu yonso udi mu mashinyi muikale muana, muntu mukulumpe anyi udi ne dijinga dia luondapu.
• Nansha mashinyi adi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu, ne motere wa diesel anyi alarme udi wenda udila.

Wewe mu njila munene ne kuyi mua kuya ne mashinyi muaba muimpe, uashiye anu wewe mua kufika ku tshibuelelu anyi muaba udi kule ne mashinyi. Malongolodi a bungi adi ku muelelu kua njila adi afila mibelu bua bantu badi mu mashinyi bindile pambelu pa mashinyi ku luseke lua tshibuelelu tshia mashinyi mu njila idi yenda lubilu lukole, bualu mashinyi adi kaayi enda adi mua kututa. Mu tshipepele tshikole anyi mu mashika makole, tshipiminu tshidi tshishintuluka, ne kushala mu mashinyi kudi mua kuikala ne bukubi. Kubala mushikile mu mashinyi mu tshipepele tshikole tshia mu muvu wa mashika bua dipangadika adi.

Paudi windila¶

Lama munda mua nzubu muikale ne kapia bu muudi mua kuenza kuyi ujimija bateri to. Vwala tshifulu, bianza, ne tshilamba tshia kujingila, ne uvuale tshilamba tshionso tshiume tshiudi natshi. Ela bianza ne maulu eba bua kulama mashi enda, ne nua maluvu a luya shi udi ne tshibombi. Lama telefone webe munda mua bilamba biebe bua kukuba bateri wende, ne wenze mudimu ne mode wa ndeke anyi mode wa bukole bukese bua kulama charge too ne paudi dijinga ne kubikila kabidi.

Wewe ne muana mu mashinyi, ikala ne luya ne umusuike, ne kulekedi muntu nansha umue ulala tulu kakuyi muntu udi umutangila to. Dikankamika didi kadiyi mua kuimana, ngakuilu mubi, ne dipanga dia lungenyi bidi bimanyinu bia mashika adi ne njiwu. Tangila hypothermie ne frostbite bua tshiudi mua kukeba ne mushindu wa kuandamuna. Dilongesha dia diambuluisha dia kumpala dia ku Croix-Rouge, dia St John Ambulance, anyi dia mufidi wa diambuluisha dia muaba udibu basombele didi dilongesha malu aa ku mêsu ne didi dikumbanyine dîba.

Mulongo mupepele wa malu a bateri ya mu muvu wa mashika¶

Tampa bualu ebu anyi bulame mu telefone webe. Ela bintu kumpala kua mashika makole a kumpala.

• Bateri udi mutetshibua kudi nzubu wa mashinyi anyi mu nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu, ne udi upingajibua padiye mutekete.
• Bintu bia ku ndekelu bidi bikezuke, bishindame, ne kabiyi ne tshisuku.
• Bateri udi ulama tshitekelu tshikole bua bateri kayi unyunguluka to.
• Nsinga ya jumper ya mushinga muimpe, anyi tshiamu tshia jumper tshia kumbula tshidi ne charge.
• Mukanda wa muena mudimu udi mu kazubu ka bianza ne miaba ya kutuluka mifunda.
• Bilamba, ka-toshete kakese, ne ka-muendu ka kumpala mu mashinyi.
• Nomba ya diambuluisha dia ku njila milama mu telefone webe ne mifunda pa dibeji.
• Tshina tshia mafuta tshiuwule nansha tshitupa bua kukepesha dibuela dia mafuta mu tshiamu tshia mafuta.
• Tshibidilu tshia luendu luipi tshikonkonona: luendu lule nansha musangu umua ku lumingu.

Bilema bia pa tshibidilu bia kuepuka¶

Bilumbu bia bungi bia bateri mu tshikondo tshia mashika bitu bienda bikola bua bilema bikese bienzeka ne lukasa. Kubamanya kumpala kua dîba kudi kukuambuluisha bua kuikala ne ditalala.

• Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kutuadija natshi mudimu misangu ne misangu. Diteta dionso didi dikoka nzembu munene ne didi mua kujimija bateri wa mufidi kabidi.
• Kushiya tshiamu tshia kapia, miendu, anyi tshiamu tshia kapia tshia mu nkuasa tshitemesha mu tshikondo tshia dituta. Ebi bidi biangata nzembu idi ne tshia kuya ku tshibangidilu.
• Kulamakaja tshiamu tshia ndekelu tshifiike ku tshibandilu tshibi tshia bateri mufue. Ebi bidi biteka kapia muaba udi kapepe mua kudisangisha.
• Kulekela biamu bia kukanga nabi bikuatangana padi luseke lumue lulamakaja ne bateri.
• Kushindama pa mutu pa bateri paudi ulamakaja biamu bia kukanga nabi. Lama mpala webe ne mubidi webe panyima, ne uvuale tshilamba tshia kukuba natshi mêsu wewe muikale natshi.
• Kumbusha nkamba kumpala kua mashinyi adi mafue kuikalawu muaba udi kauyi wenza mudimu.
• Kupua muoyo bua kuela tshibuikidiji tshia bateri ne bipese bia kujika nabi pashishe.
• Kulengulula lutatu dîba didi mashinyi atuadija, pashishe kuikala kabidi mupangile muaba udi mashinyi alonda.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Ndi mua kutuadija mashinyi mu neje anyi mu mvula anyi?¶

Eyowa, udi mua kutuadija mashinyi mu neje anyi mu mvula wewe mulame biamu bia kukanga nabi ne nsongo ya nkamba miume, kuepuka kuimana mu mâyi, ne kulonda bulongame buimpe. Umbusha neje pa muaba udi bateri kumpala kua wewe kunzulula biamu, ikala ne bianza biebe, ne ikala mujadike ne: biamu bia kukanga nabi nkamba kabiena mu bisuku to. Shi nsombelu mikole nansha muaba udi bateri mutoke, windile diambuluisha dia ku muelelu kua njila.

Ndi ne tshia kulekela mashinyi a mufidi wa bintu enda mutantshi bule kayi kumpala kua meme kuteta bua kutuadija mashinyi adi mafue?¶

Lekela mashinyi a mufidi enda munkatshi mua minite ibidi anyi itanu ne nkamba mikanga, mutantshi mule pikala bateri mufue munyanguke bikole anyi padi mashika makole. Kulama motere wa mufidi wa bintu mu minite mikese kudi mua kuambuluisha, pikala mukanda wa muena mudimu witaba. Shi mashinyi adi mafue atungunuka anu ne minite itanu, tangila tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi ne teta kabidi musangu umua anyi ibidi kumpala kua kubikila diambuluisha.

Dibandila dia mashinyi didi mua kunyanga mashinyi anyi?¶

Kutuadija bimpe kakuena kunyangakaja to, kadi kulamakaja nkamba mu mushindu mubi kudi mua kunyanga fuse anyi kunyanga bintu bia nzembu bia mu mashinyi onso abidi. Lama bipese bikunze pa bipese bia positive ne bipese bifiike pa bipese bia donor negative ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu pa mashinyi adi mafue. Ikala mushindike ne: biamu bia kukanga nabi kabitu bikuatangana nansha kakese padibu babisangisha, ne bala mukanda wa muena mashinyi bikala mashinyi ebe ne miaba ya pa buayi ya kutuluka.

Ndi ne tshia kuendesha mashinyi mutantshi bungi munyi kunyima kua meme mumane kutuadija?¶

Wewa mua kuendesha mashinyi mu minite 30, biyampe ne lubilu lujalame, bua alternateur ikale mua kupingaja ndambu wa nzembu mu batterie. Luendu luipi kaluena mua kukumbana to, nangananga mu mashika. Enza mateta a bateri ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mudimu diakamue pashishe, bualu bateri uvua munyanguke musangu umua mu mashika udi mua kunyanguka kabidi.

Miaba mifumina¶

• AAA (American Automobile Association) buludiki pa bidi bitangila mashika ne mudimu wa bateri ne mushindu wa kutuadija mashinyi bimpe.
• NHTSA (United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) mu tshikondo tshia mashika ne buludiki bua dilongolola dia mashinyi.
• Mibelu ya diendesha dia mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika mu Canada bua kulongolola mashinyi bua mu muvu wa mashika.
• Njila minene ya ditunga (Angleterre) ne mbulamatadi wa UK udi ufila mibelu ya dilongolola dia mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika.
• Ready.gov (Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua ditunga tshia mu États-Unis) buludiki bua bukubi bua mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika.
• Mikanda ya muenji wa mashinyi bua kutuadija, bualu mishindu ya kuenza nayi mudimu idi mishilangane bilondeshile modele.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa mashika ne tshikebelu tshia mashinyi kumpala kua muvu wa mashika
• Dituta dia bateri wa mashinyi, dishintuluka dia polarite wa mashinyi ne dijima dia aside wa bateri
• Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia nzembu, muendu wa didimuija dia bateri ne dijimija dia nzembu butuku
• Kushala mu mashinyi mu tshipepele tshikole tshia mu muvu wa mashika
• Biibi bia mashinyi, makunji ne madidishi