Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa mashika ne tshikebelu tshia mashinyi kumpala kua muvu wa mashika: udilongolole kumpala kua dîba¶

Malu a bungi a mu muvu wa mashika adi anyanguka ne adi anyanguka adi ne bualu budi butonda: tshiendedi (tshiendedi) tshivua tshinyanguke bikole, bateri uvua ne tshidimu tshijima, mayi a kusukula nawu bilamba avua mashika, anyi tshibombi tshivua pabuipi ne kuikala tshitupu pavua tshipepele tshikole tshifike. Dîba dimua dia kutangila mu muvu wa automne i tshishimbi tshia mushinga mukesa. Mukanda ewu udi ukupesha tshikebelu tshia kumpala kua muvu wa mashika, udi umvuija nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ne bunene bua tshibandilu mu matunga a bungi, ne udi uleja bintu bia kuambula mu mashinyi bua dituku dibi dishale dituku dibi ne kadiyi dia tshimpitshimpi to.

Mutoyi udi muaba eu udi wa kudilongolola, ki nkutshinyi to. Kuena dijinga ne kusumba bintu bionso bidi pa liste to. Tuadija ne tshidi tshikumbanangana ne tshikondo tshieba, ngendu yebe, ne bungi bua bantu baudi muambula, pashishe weja bintu mu bule bua matuku. Shi udi musombele muaba udi muvu wa mashika makole, udi mua kuwutekesha, ne biwikala wendesha mashinyi mu misoko anyi ku mikuna, udi mua kuwubandisha.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Tangila nkata yebe: buondoke, bukole, ne nsombelu. Ela nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika shi udi musombele muaba udi neje ne mabue a mashika misangu yonso, ne longa tshidi mikenji yamba muaba uudi wendesha.
2. Enza mateta a bateri, bualu ke tshidi tshitamba kufikisha ku dipanga dia mashika. Upingaje pa muaba wawu pikalaye mutekete anyi mukulumpe kupita bidimu binayi.
3. Uwuje tshibombi tshia mashinyi a kusukula nawu bilamba ne mayi a mashika a mu muvu wa mashika adibu balongolole bua luya luudi mutekemene, ne tangila biamu bia kusukula nabi bilamba ne miendu.
4. Tangila bukole bua mafuta a mashika, bungi bua mafuta, ne nsombelu wa frein, anyi lomba mudimu udi ubambuluisha.
5. Ela bintu bia mu muvu wa mashika bidi ne luya, butoke, bukole, biakudia, mayi, ne tshilaminu tshia telefone, ne ubilame munda mua mashinyi, kabiyi mu tshibombi tshia mashinyi to.
6. Ikala ne tshibidilu tshia kulama tshibombi tshia mafuta tshiuwule nansha tshitupa kubangila mu muvu wa automne too ne mu muvu wa printemps, ne ulame nimero webe wa diambuluisha dia ku njila mu telefone webe ne pa dibeji.

Dikonkonona dia mashinyi kumpala kua muvu wa mashika¶

Enza nunku mu munya mu dituku dia mashika, bimpa ne mashinyi pa buloba buakane. Bidi bilomba dîba dimue, ne nzubu wa mashinyi udi mua kuenza bionso ebi wewe musue. Funda matuku ne bipeta bua wewe kumona mishindu ya bidimu.

Mashinyi¶

Mashinyi ke tshitupa tshimuepele tshia mashinyi tshidi tshilenga njila, ne mashika adi ashintulula mushindu udiwu enza mudimu. Tshiamu tshidi tshikola muinshi mua 7 degrés Celsius (45 degrés Fahrenheit) mu muvu wa été ne mu tshikondo tshionso, ne dikuata didi dipueka. Mashinyi a mu muvu wa mashika adi enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshidi tshitekete ne tshidi ne tshiamu tshia sipe cut tshidi tshishala tshikole ne tshidi tshisuma mu neje ne mu mabue a mashika.

Keba:

• Bunene bua tshibandilu: tangila tshiendedi tshionso, nansha tshia pa mutu, ne tshiamu tshia kupima bunene bua tshibandilu, anyi tshipiminu tshia tshiamu tshia arjan tshidibu benza natshi mudimu mu ditunga dienu.
• Bukole: kapepe ka mashika kadi kapuekesha bukole bua nkata, pabuipi ne 1 psi (7 kilopascals) bua dipueka dionso dia 5 too ne ku 6 degrés Celsius (10 degrés Fahrenheit). Tangila bukole bua mashinyi ku ngondo yonso padi mashinyi mashika, ne wenze mudimu ne nomba udi pa tshimanyishilu tshidi munda mua tshiibi, ki nomba udi pa tshimanu tshia mashinyi to.
• Misongo, bipese, misumadi, dinyanguka diakane, ne nkata idi ne bidimu bipite pa bisambombo too ne ku dikumi, bualu tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi tshikola nansha mudi tshibandilu tshimueneka tshimpe. Dituku dia nomba inayi didi ku luseke didi dileja lumingu ne tshidimu tshia dienza.
• Nshinga anyi bipese bia nkata: ikala mushindike ne: bionso bidiku ne mbikole bilondeshile tshidi muenji wabi muambe.
• Tshintu tshia pa mutu: tangila bikalatshi tshiuwule tente ne ni udi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshiamu tshia nzembu, ne tshifungu tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu. Tangila tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshinyanguke bua lutatu lua tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia pa tshibidilu.

Mashinyi a mu muvu wa mashika ne mashinyi a mu tshikondo tshionso¶

Keba tshimanyishilu tshia mikuna isatu (3PMSF) ku tshimanu tshia ku luseke. Bidi bileja ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi ntshipite mateta a dikokangana dia neje. Tshimanyinu tshia kale tshia "M+S" (bitotshi ne neje) ntshimanyinu tshitekete ne ki ntshimanyinu tshia mudimu miaba ya bungi to.

Bunene bua tshibandilu bilondeshile ditunga¶

Mikenji ya buondoke bua tshibandilu idi mishilangane, ne mikenji mikese idi mikese patudi tuyifuanyikija ne idi kayiyi ne njiwu mu neje. Dikalu didi ku tshipiminu tshia mikenji didi mua kuikala ne njiwu mu njila wa mâyi anyi wa neje. Nomba idi kuinshi eku idi ya bantu bonso. Tangila mikenji idiku muaba uudi wendesha.

Shi udi musue kusabuka mukalu anyi kuya mu mikuna mu muvu wa mashika, tangila mikenji ya tshitupa tshionso. Mafuta ne dibenga kubuela mu njila ya mikuna bidi mua kuenzeka, ne dilomba dia assurance didi mua kuikala dinyanguka pikala uvua wenda ne nkata mibi.

Bateri ne dikumbaja¶

Bateri udi ne bidimu binayi anyi bitanu ne udi wenza mudimu bitekete bitekete udi mua kupingajibua. Enza bua bamutete muinshi mua bujitu. Sukula bintu bidi binyanguke ku biamu bia mudimu, ne tangila ni nkamba ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bintu mbikole.

Tangila bateri wa mashinyi mufue mu tshikondo tshia mashika: bulombodi bua kutuadija bua malu a batterie wa mashika ne dibanga dia lukasa. Shi muendu wa didimuija dia bateri udi utema paudi wendesha, tangila dinyanguka dia alternateur ne muendu wa didimuija dia batterie.

Mashi¶

• Tshintu tshia mashika: enza mudimu ne tshintu tshidi tshikuba mashika ne mâyi adi akuba bimpe kuinshi kua mashika makese menemene mu tshitupa tshienu. Nzubu wa mashinyi anyi nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu udi mua kuteta ne tshiamu tshia hydromètre. Tangila tshintu tshia mashika, tshia antigel ne tshia radiateur.
• Mashi a kusukula: enza mudimu ne bintu bia mu muvu wa mashika bidi ne luya lua 20 degrés Celsius (minus 4 degrés Fahrenheit), anyi luya lua bungi pikala tshitupa tshienu tshikengela. Kokuenza mudimu nansha kakese ne mayi a patupu, adi mua kuikala mashika ne kutshibula tshina tshia mayi ne pompe.
• Mafuta a motere: tangila tshipiminu ne mushinga, bualu mafuta makole adi enza bua mashinyi a mashika ikale makole. Londa meyi a muenji wa tshitupa tshia mashika.
• Mashi a frein: enza mateta shi kuyi muanji kuashintulula munkatshi mua bidimu bibidi, bualu mayi adi mu mayi adi apuekesha tshitupa tshiawu tshia kutokesha ne adi mua kunyangakaja bitupa.
• Mafuta: ikala ne tshibombi tshiuwule nansha tshitupa. Tshina tshiuwule tente tshidi tshikepesha luya, ne tshidi tshikupesha mafuta bua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi kapia wewe mupangile. Tangila muonji wa mafuta a mashika, mazutu a gel ne ntatu ya mafuta mu mashika makole.
• Mashinyi a diesel (DEF anyi AdBlue), pikala mashinyi eba enza nawu mudimu: adi akola pabuipi ne 11 degrés Celsius (12 degrés Fahrenheit), ne mashinyi a bungi adi ne tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi kapia, kadi ikala ne tshiamu tshia mashika.

Dimueneka: biamu bia kusukula nabi, miendu, madidishi¶

Kuendesha mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika kudi kumvuija mîdima mu dinda ne ku dilolo, ne mâyi a bungi a mu njila. Pingana pa muaba wa biamu bia kusukula nabi bintu bidi ne milonda, bidi bienza mutoyi anyi bidi ne tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi tshipanduluke, ne ela meji bua biamu bia mu muvu wa mashika ne tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia nshinga tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mu mashika. Tangila minda yonso ya pambelu, bu mudi minda ya lupuishi, minda ya frein, ya bimanyinu (bimanyinu bia dishintuluka), ne minda ya nomba.

Sukula bimuenekelu bia lumuenu lua kumpala, ne tangila mudibi bilongolola bikala bendeshi badi balua bakuela lumuenu. Tangila tshiamu tshia kapia, tshia dilengeja dia mashika, ne tshiamu tshia kapia tshia ku madidishi a panyima. Tangila Tshilamba tshia kumpala tshia mashika, bikunyibua bia mashika ne biamu bia kusukula nabi: diumusha dia mashika dimpe bua kumbusha neje bimpe.

Frein, dilombola, ne tshibandilu¶

Tshiamu tshia frein tshidi pabuipi ne kunyanguka katshiena tshitamba luse pa neje to. Tangila bunene bua tshilamba, teleja ni kudi mbila anyi dikuma, ne tangila ni tshiamu tshia ku makasa tshidi tshiumvuika tshitekete. Tangila mudi frein wa mashinyi wenza mudimu, ne manya mua kupatula udi ne mashika, bualu luya ludi mua kuenza bua bitupa bia frein bikale mashika.

Bintu bia kukanda nabi mashinyi bidi binyanguke ne bitupa bia dilombola bidi bipueka bidi bikepesha dilombola. Funda tshikebelu tshia garage wewa mumone dikoka, dikankamika, anyi mutoyi.

Tshiamu tshia kapia, tshia luya, ne tshia kupatuila kapepe¶

Tangila ni tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi ne kapia kakole, ne tshiamu tshia diumusha luya tshidi tshisukula tshilamba tshia kumpala lukasa. Tshiamu tshia kapia tshitekete tshidi mua kuleja ne: mayi makese a mashika anyi tshiamu tshia kapia tshidi katshiyi tshimpe. Enza bua tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapia tshikale tshitangila ni tshidi tshipatuka, bualu tshiamu tshia kapepe tshinyanguke tshidi mua kubueja monoxide de carbone mu nzubu wa mashinyi.

Wewe mumvue mupuya wa luya mu mashinyi, kangula madidishi ne wimane. Tangila dipatuka dia luya mu nzubu wa mashinyi.

Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa mashika¶

Ela meji bua bintu biebe mu bitupa bitupa: tshidi tshikulama ku luya, tshidi tshikulama umueneka, tshidi tshikusaka bua kuendakana, ne tshidi tshikuambuluisha bua kulomba diambuluisha. Lama bintu bia mushinga mukole mu kazubu ka muendeshi anyi mu nkuasa wa panyima, bualu tshibombi tshidi mua kuikala tshikanga, tshijika anyi tshikanga panyima pa njiwu.

Bintu bia nshindamenu¶

• Bilamba bia kapia anyi tshibombi tshia kulala, tshilongolola bua tshikondo tshia mashika tshiudi wendesha.
• Bilamba bia kapia bia pa mutu: kazaku, tshifulu, bianza anyi bianza, tshilamba tshia ku mutu, masosete manene, ne bisabata bidi kabiyi bibuela mâyi.
• Muendu anyi muendu wa kumpala udi ne mabateri a pa mutu, anyi tshimfuanyi tshia tshiamu tshia ku bianza.
• Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia telefone, tshiamu tshia mashinyi, ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu.
• Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi neje ne tshisuku tshia neje, tshile tshikumbane bua kufika kuulu kua nzubu.
• Tshipepele tshikole tshia kumbula neje.
• Nsenga, mabue, anyi bintu bia mpushi bidi kabiyi bibuelakana, ne bilamba bia kukoka nabi.
• Nsinga ya jumper anyi tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi tshia kumbula.
• Ma triangle anyi ma flare adi aleja butoke, ne tshilamba tshidi tshimueneka bimpe.
• Mâyi mu milondo ya plastique, miule tente bua kayiyi ipatuka padiyi mikole.
• Biakudia bidi ne bukole bua bungi: nkunde, bimuma bia muitu, bimuma biume, ne tshikolakola.
• Tshiamu tshia diambuluisha dia kumpala ne manga onso audi nawu dijinga. Tangila tshibombi tshia diambuluisha dia kumpala.
• Bintu bia kuowa nabi bianza ne tshilamba tshikese.
• Tshilamba tshia kukoka natshi, ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia nshindamenu tshidi ne biamu bia mudimu bia bungi, bande, ne bianza.
• Karte ka pa mabeji, pikala telefone webe mua kunyanguka.
• Tshingoma ne tshilamba tshikenka anyi dibendele.
• Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshienza mudimu ne bateri mu nzubu wa ndeke, bu didimuija dikuabu.
• Nshinga ya nkata anyi masosete a neje wewe wendesha miaba idibu dijinga, ne bianza bia kukumbaja nabi.

Bintu bia pa mutu bia ku misoko, ku mikuna, anyi ngendu mile¶

• Biakudia bia pa mutu, tshiamu tshia kapia, ne tshioshelu tshikese tshienza anu pambelu pa mashinyi.
• Mufuku wa mukele wa mu njila anyi wa mabue a mashika.
• Tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi anyi tshingoma, ne tshingoma.
• Tshiamu tshia kujima natshi kapia tshilongolola bua kapia ka mashinyi.
• Tshipiminu tshia tension wa nkata ne tshiamu tshia 12 volt tshia kupuekesha natshi nkata.
• Tshiamu tshia kulongolola natshi nkata ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mashinyi, pikala mashinyi kaayi ne tshintu tshia kulama.
• Dibeji dia nimero ya njiwu, malu a mashinyi eba, ne mikanda ya assurance.
• Buanga bua pa mutu bua matuku a bungi, ne bintu bia bana anyi bia nyama bikalabi bikengela.
• Ditalala dia tshimanyishilu ne tshilamba tshia orange tshitoke.

Muaba wa kulama bintu¶

Lama bintu bilema bua kabikadi mua kubuuka kumpala mu tshipupu. Tshikopo anyi tshibombi tshia nsenga tshidi mua kutapa bantu badi mu mashinyi pikalatshi tshilekelela.

Mishindu ya mushinga mukesa ya kuenza tshibombi¶

Kuena dijinga ne kusumba tshintu tshilongolola to. Tuadija ne tshilamba tshia kale, tshifulu tshia pa mutu ne bianza, mulondo wa mayi, biakudia bikese, ne muendu. Weja tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi ne tshipese tshikese.

Ela bintu bia kukoka nabi ne tshibutshilu tshia bukole paudi ne mushindu. Tangila tshiamu etshi mu muvu wa automne yonso ne upingaje biakudia, ma batterie ne mayi adi mafue. Tangila tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia njiwu bua liste wa tshidimu tshijima.

Bibidilu bidi bipangisha ntatu ya mu muvu wa mashika¶

• Lama tshibombi tshia mafuta tshiuwule nansha tshitupa.
• Ikala ne tshiamu tshia kukuata natshi telefone webe kumpala kua wewe kuya, ne wikale ne tshiamu tshia kuela nabi charge.
• Ambila muntu njila webe ne dîba diudi mutekemene bua kufika mu ngendu mile anyi ya kule.
• Tangila luapolo lua luya ne lua njila kumpala kua wewe kuya, ne lekela luendu padi bamfumu bakuambila.
• Umbusha neje ne mashika onso mu mashinyi, ki nganu tshitupa tshikese tshia ku tshilamba tshia kumpala to. Tangila Tshilamba tshia kumpala tshia mashika, makunji a mashika ne biamu bia kusukula nabi bua mikenji ya mikenji ne diumusha dia mashika dimpe.
• Ikala bitekete bitekete, shiya tshitupa tshinene, ne wenze frein bitekete bitekete. Tangila kusesuka pa neje anyi pa neje mifike.
• Shika mashinyi mutangile pambelu, muaba wa tshisokomenu shi udi mua kuenza nanku, ne shiya bintu bia kusukula nabi bintu pa dikalashi shi udi utekemena mashika.
• Umanye mua kujima tshintu tshidi tshikoka mashinyi bua kunyunguluka ne dîba dia kutshipingaja.

flowchart TD
    A["Tshibangidilu tshia muvu wa automne"] --> B["Tangila nkata ne bunene bua tshibandilu"]
    B --> C["Teta bateri ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi"]
    C --> D["Weja mayi a kusukula ne teta mayi a mashika"]
    D --> E["Pingaja bintu bia kusukula nabi ne kutangila minda"]
    E --> F["Frein ya mudimu, tshiamu tshia kapia ne tshiamu tshia luya"]
    F --> G["Teka bintu bia mu muvu wa mashika mu kazubu"]
    G --> H["Lama tshibombi tshia mafuta tshiuwule tshitupa"]
    H --> I["Tangila malu adibu bamanyishe kumpala kua luendu luonso"]
    I --> J{"Didimuija dia mvula mikole anyi?"}
    J -->|"Eyowa"| K["Ikala ulekela luendu anyi usungula njila mukuabu"]
    J -->|"Tòo"| L["Endesha bitekete bitekete ne ikala ne tshitupa tshinene"]

Mishindu mikuabu ya mashinyi¶

Mashinyi a nzembu¶

Mashika adi apuekesha lubilu lua mashinyi a nzembu, imue misangu ne tshia binayi anyi kupita apu mu luya lukese menemene, bualu bateri kena wenza mudimu bimpe to ne tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi kapia tshidi tshienza mudimu ne nzembu. Longolola kazubu ka mashinyi padi mashinyi mabueja, enza mudimu ne bintu bia kuosha nabi nkuasa ne tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi kumpala kua mashinyi kuenza kapia, ne enza plan wa kuimanyika mashinyi ne luya lua pa mutu. Ikala ne bateri pa mutu pa 20 pa lukama mu muvu wa mashika, ne wikale ne tshintu tshia luya bua wewe kuindila. Tangila mukanda wa dilongesha bua mushindu wa mu muvu wa mashika.

Mashinyi a diesel¶

Mafuta a mazutu adi akola ne adi mua kuikala makole mu mashika makole. Ingidija mazutu a mu muvu wa mashika, ela tshintu tshia anti gel kumpala kua mashika kufika, ne ikala mu tshina tshiuwule tente. Tangila dienza dia mazutu a mazutu ne mashika a DEF mu muvu wa mashika.

Motoka ne moto¶

Mashika, mabue a mashika, ne mukele ki mbimpe bua nkata ibidi to. Shi udi ne tshia kuendesha, enza mudimu ne bintu bia mu muvu wa mashika, ikala utangila bukole bua nkata misangu ne misangu, ne epuka miaba idi ne neje ne mundidimbi. Bantu ba bungi badi bendesha dikalu badi ne bukubi bua kulama dikalu anyi kuenza mudimu ne mushindu mukuabu wa diendesha padibu bamanyisha ne: nekuikale mashika.

Mashinyi a kufutshila ne ngendu¶

Wewe mufutshile mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika, webeja ni udi ne nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ne nkanu, ne tangila ni tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi neje ne tshia pa mutu bidiku. Ma sosiete a bungi a kufutshila nzubu mu bitupa bia mashika adi ababueja, kadi makuabu kaena ababueja to. Tangila mikenji ya muaba unudi kumpala kua kuya. Tangila dilongolola dia lukasa dia ku muelelu kua njila ne dijikija dia bilumbu bua diambuluisha dia ku njila.

Miaba mishilangane, mishindu mishilangane¶

Dikonkonona dia mu muvu wa mashika muaba udi ne neje mikole didi dishilangane ne dia mu tshitupa tshidi ne mashika makese ku tshidimu. Shintulula liste bilondeshile nsombelu webe, kadi kupumbishi malu a nshindamenu to.

Neje mikole ne bitupa bia mikuna¶

Ikala ne minyololo anyi shosette ya neje, tshipese, matadi, ne bintu bikuabu bia luya. Mashinyi a mu muvu wa mashika adi ne tshimanyishilu tshia neige adi tshintu tshimpe tshia kufila. Ela meji bua tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi motere, tshilamba tshia bateri, ne bintu bionso bia njiwu bidi ne tshibombi tshia kulala.

Mu bitupa bia bungi bia mikuna, bamfumu batu balomba nkanu anyi nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika mu njila kampanda kubangila ku matuku adibu basungule, ne bimanyinu bidi bileja nanku. Tangila mikenji kumpala kua wewe kuya.

Mashika ne neje mikese¶

Mashika, mabue a mashika, ne lupuishi lua mashika ke njiwu minene. Bintu bimpa bia kusukula nabi, mayi a kusukula nawu bilamba, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mashika, tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mashika, ne bateri muimpe ke bidi ne mushinga wa bungi. Mashinyi adi mu nsombelu muimpe adi ne mushinga wa bungi, bualu mabue a mashika kaena ne bukole bua bungi to. Tshilamba, bianza, ne tshiamu tshia nzembu ke bintu bikese biudi ne bua kuikala nabi.

Mu muelelu wa mâyi ne mu muvu wa mashika¶

Mvula ne mvula, mukele mu njila, ne mashika adi enzeka misangu mikuabu bidi biumvuija dimueneka ne dinyanguka dia bintu ke malu adi atamba kutonda. Sukula tshitupa tshia kuinshi kua mashinyi panyima pa njila idi ne mâyi a mukele, tangila diske ya frein bua kumona ni idi ne mvinyo, ne wenze mudimu ne biamu bia kusukula nabi mashinyi bimpe. Lama bisabata biume ne kazaku mu mashinyi.

Miaba idi ne mashika makole¶

Padi luya lupita muinshi mua 25 degrés Celsius (minus 13 degrés Fahrenheit), bitupa bia plastique bitu binyanguka, nkata itu ipeta miaba mipepele, ne motere idi dijinga ne tshiamu tshia kuenza natshi kapia. Ela tshiamu tshia kapia kumpala kua kutuadija, ikala ne tshilamba tshia kapia ne tshintu tshia kapia tshidi katshiyi ne muendu mu mashinyi, ne ambila muntu mukuabu njila webe. Enda mu munya, ne ikala ne tshina tshiuwule tente.

Umanye mukanda wa muena nzubu¶

Mukanda eu udi ne malu adi kaayi mua kufila mulombodi wa bantu bonso: mushinga muimpe wa mafuta bua mu muvu wa mashika, muaba wa miaba ya kutuluka ne ya kukoka nayi bintu, mushindu wa kujima tshiamu tshia stability control, mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne mode wa mu muvu wa mashika, mushindu wa kupatula tshiibi tshia mafuta ne tshibuta (tshibombi) munda, ne tshidi miendu ya didimuija yumvuija. Bala bitupa bidi bitangila diendesha dia mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika ne malu a tshimpitshimpi, ne ulame mukanda mu kazubu ka bianza. Mashinyi a bungi adi kabidi ne mukanda wa dilongesha bu programe anyi PDF, kadi mukanda wa dibeji udi wenza mudimu padi telefone kayi wenza mudimu.

Njila wa ngondu ne ngondu¶

Kalandriye mupepele udi ulama tsheke bua kayiyi inyanguka.

Dilama dia nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ne dishintakaja¶

Lama nkata idibu bumbushe muaba wa mashika, muume, ne mîdima, kule ne motere ya nzembu idi ipatula ozone udi unyanga tshiamu tshia nshinga. Tangila muaba udi tshiendedi tshionso, bu mudi kumpala ku dia bakaji, bua wewe kumona mua kutshishintulula mu tshikoso. Kuteka nkata mipuekele anyi kuyikudika ku bikunyibua kudi kuimpe kupita kuyiteka munkatshi mua ngondo ya bungi. Paudi ushintulula, ukoleshe tshiamu tshia nkata ku tshienzedi tshia muenji mu tshimfuanyi tshia mutoto, ne utangile kabidi kunyima kua kilometre 50 too ne ku 100 (30 too ne ku 60 miles).

Assurance, tshibuikidiji tshia dinyanguka, ne mikanda¶

Tangila ni assurance webe udi ukuambuluisha bua kuendesha mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika, ne tshidi tshikuba ku njila webe: ntanta wa kukoka mashinyi, bungi bua bintu bidibu babikila ne: batterie. Lama bintu ebi mu tshibombi tshia bianza mu tshibombi tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mâyi:

• Malu a assurance ne nimero ya telefone ya dilomba dia makuta.
• Nomba ya tshisumbu tshia diambuluisha dia ku njila ne nimero ya telefone.
• Mulongo wa bantu baudi mua kubikila mu tshimpitshimpi ne masama onso audi nawu anyi a bantu badi mu mashinyi ebe.
• Mukanda wa muena nzubu ne mukanda wa mudimu.
• Bipese ne dibeji bua kufunda malu ne kushintakaja malu kunyima kua bualu kampanda.
• Kopi wa mukanda webe wa diendesha ne mukanda wa difundisha pikala uya ku babende, bu mudi mikenji ilomba.

Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ne ulame nimero ya njiwu ya matunga audi muendeshe mashinyi.

Kulongesha bena mu dîku¶

Tshiamu tshidi tshiambuluisha anu pikala bantu bamanye muaba uditshi ne mushindu wa kutshienza mudimu. Leja bena mu diku muaba udi tshiamu, mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshia pa mutu, mushindu wa kutemesha minda ya njiwu, ne mushindu wa kubikila diambuluisha. Bansonga badi balonga mua kuendesha mashinyi badi bapeta diambuluisha ku dilongesha dia kuendesha mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika. Tangila muyuki wa dipanga dia njila, ne webeja muntu yonso tshivuaye mua kuenza kumpala.

Dibidija bua kuela minyololo mu dituku dia mashika, ne dibidija bua kututa ne muntu udi pabuipi nebe. Dilongesha dia diambuluisha dia kumpala dia kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi kudi mufidi wa diambuluisha dia muaba udibu basombele didi dikolesha dishindika dia malu a tshimpitshimpi. Tangila hypothermie ne frostbite bua mudi disama dia mashika dimueneka.

Bilema bia pa tshibidilu bia kumpala kua muvu wa mashika¶

• Kusumba nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika anu bua nkata ya diendesha. Ela tshisumbu tshijima tshia bintu binayi, bua tshianza tshia kumpala ne tshia panyima tshipetangana.
• Kukumbaja mayi a kusukula nawu bilamba ne mayi a tshianana mu muvu wa automne, pashishe kupeta milongo mikole mu tshikondo tshia mashika tshia kumpala.
• Kushiya tshiamu mu tshibombi muaba uditshi tshikola, tshijika, anyi katshiyi mua kufika kunyima kua dikuluka dia panyima.
• Kuteka tshibombi musangu umua ne kubenga kutshikonkonona nansha kakese. Ma bateri adi apueka, milondo ya mayi idi itapuluka, ne biakudia bia patupu bidi binyanguka.
• Kueyemena telefone bua bualu buonso. Karte ka mabeji, tshipenyi, ne liste wa nomba mifunda kabiena ne bujitu nansha bumue.
• Kulengulula bateri uvua wenda bitekete mu muvu wa mashika mushale. Ma batterie matekete kaena mua kupingana nkayawu to.
• Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa été tshidi tshinyanguke bualu tshitshidi anu tshiakane. Mikenji ne bukubi i mishindu mishilangane.
• Kupua muoyo tshia pa mutu. Tshintu tshia tshianana katshiena ne mushinga paudi natshi dijinga to.

Dikonkonona dia lukasa dia minite itanu kumpala kua luendu luonso lua mashika¶

1. Wendakana mu mashinyi ne tangila nkata yonso inayi, ne minda ne nomba ya mashinyi.
2. Umbusha neje yonso ne mabue a mashika, nansha pa mutu pa nzubu.
3. Tangila bungi bua mafuta ne uvudije pikala muinshi mua tshitupa.
4. Ikala mujadike ne: telefone mmuwule ne tshiamu tshidi mu mashinyi.
5. Tangila malu adibu bamanyishe ne luapolo lua njila lua njila webe, ne ambila muntu dîba diudi utekemena bua kufika.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Ndi dijinga ne nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika meme ne nkata yonso anyi?¶

Diendesha dia nkata yonso didi dikuambuluisha bua kuenda lubilu, kadi kadiena dikuambuluisha bua kuela frein anyi kuela neje to, ne ke muaba udi njiwu ya bungi yenzeka mu muvu wa mashika. Mashinyi a mu muvu wa mashika adi alengeja bionso bisatu, nunku adi ne mushinga mu mashinyi onso, nansha adi ne nkata yonso. Shi tshitupa tshienu tshidi ne neje anyi mabue a mashika, anyi luya ludi muinshi mua 7 degrés Celsius (45 degrés Fahrenheit) munkatshi mua ngondo ya bungi, nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ke tshintu tshia mushinga mukole tshiudi mua kuenza bua kuikala ne bukubi.

Ndi dijinga ne buondoke bungi munyi bua kuendesha mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika?¶

Tshipiminu tshikese tshia mikenji, pa tshibidilu 1.6 millimètres (2/32 inch), ntshikese menemene bua neje ne lupuishi. Bisumbu bia bukubi ne bafumbi ba nkata badi baleja ne: nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika idi ne bua kuikala ne milimetre 4 (5/32 inch), ne kupingaja nkata kumpala kua kufikayi ku milimetre 3 (4/32 inch) bua njila idi ne mâyi anyi ya mashika. Tangila mikenji ya muaba uudi wendesha, bualu matunga makuabu adi ateka mikenji mipite bungi bua nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika.

Ntshintu kayi tshidi ne mushinga wa bungi mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia mu muvu wa mashika?¶

Luya ludi ne mushinga wa bungi, nunku tshilamba anyi tshibombi tshia kulala ne bilamba bikuabu bidi ne luya bidi kumpala. Pashishe, telefone udi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshiamu tshia nzembu, bintu bidi biambuluisha bua kukoka, mâyi ne biakudia bidi bijikija ntatu ya bungi. Lama bintu ebi mu kazubu ka mashinyi, ki nganu mu tshibombi to, ne usakidile bintu bilondeshile makuta audi mua kukuanyishila.

Ndîba kayi dindi ne bua kuela nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika?¶

Mushindu wa kulonda udi wa kubikumbaja padi luya lua pa tshibidilu lushala muinshi mua 7 degrés Celsius (45 degrés Fahrenheit), ludi misangu ya bungi mu ngondo wa dikumi anyi wa dikumi ne umua mu tshitupa tshia buloba tshia ku nord. Bimue bitupa bidi biteka matuku bilondeshile mikenji, bu mudi Québec kubangila mu dia 1 ngondo wa dikumi ne muibidi. Funda tshisalu tshia nkata kumpala kua dîba, bualu rendez-vous itu ijika kunyima kua neje wa kumpala.

Miaba mifumina¶

• NHTSA (United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) udi utangila bukubi bua nkata ne buludiki bua dilongolola dia mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika, kusangisha ne bunene bua tshibandilu ne bukole bua mashinyi.
• AAA (American Automobile Association) udi ufila buludiki bua diendesha mashinyi mu muvu wa mashika ne bateri, ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia mu muvu wa mashika tshidiye mulongolole.
• Bulombodi bua mashinyi a mu Canada pa bidi bitangila nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ne tshimanyishilu tshia nsongo isatu ya mikuna, ne mikenji ya nkata ya mu muvu wa mashika ya mu provense idibu babikila ne: Québec.
• Njila minene ya ditunga (Angleterre), GOV.UK, ne The Highway Code pa bunene bua tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne dilongolola dia mu muvu wa mashika, ne Tshibambalu tshia malu a mvula pa tshikondo tshia mashika.
• Ready.gov ne FEMA (United States) tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshia njiwu ne buludiki bua ngendu ya mu muvu wa mashika, ne mabeji a bukubi bua diendesha dia mu muvu wa mashika a National Weather Service.
• Tshisumbu tshia bafidi ba tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshisumbu tshia bena mudimu ba pneus malu adi atangila dikola dia pneus ne dilama diawu, ne buludiki bua bena ku Mputu pa mikenji ya pneus ya mu muvu wa mashika.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Bateri wa mashinyi mufue mu tshikondo tshia mashika: bulombodi bua kutuadija
• Kushala mu mashinyi mu tshipepele tshikole tshia mu muvu wa mashika
• Tshiamu tshia lukasa tshia mashinyi
• Kusangisha tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia kupanduka natshi mu muvu wa mashika
• Tshintu tshia mashika, tshia antigel ne tshia radiateur